Essential QuestionHow did the event during the War of

1812 shape national identity?

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Intro 10

M/C 1-1

Election of 1808

James Madison (Republican)

Charles Pinckney (Federalist)

Madison assumed office in the midst of an international crisis

War Hawks

Supported war with Britain

Felix Grundy (TN) Henry Clay (KY) John Calhoun (SC)

Madison wanted to avoid war.Non-Intercourse Act: forbade trade with France & Britain while authorizing the president to reopen trade with whichever country removed its trade restrictions first.

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Why Did Southerners and Westerners Support War?

British trade restrictions hurt farmers

Westerners blamed British for supporting Native American uprisings

Moving West

Kentucky

Tennessee

Northwest Territory

Treaty of Greenville

August 1795

Indians gave up land in Ohio, Indiana, parts of Illinois and Michigan

In 1795, 12 Native American nations signed the Treaty of Greenville. The NativeAmericans gave up parts of what later became Ohio and Indiana in exchange for ayearly payment of $10,000 from the federal government. As a result of the treaty, evenmore settlers moved into the region.

Tecumseh

Shawnee leader

Believed Native Americans needed to unite to protect their lands

William Henry Harrison

Governor of Indiana territory

Won at the Battle of Tippecanoe

Indian leaders fled to Canada

Declaration of War

June 1812

President Madison asked Congress to declare war against Great Britain

Quote, Madison

“Thousands of American citizens, under the safeguard of public law and of their national flag, have been torn from . . . Everything dear to them; have been dragged on board ships of a foreign nation to be exiled to the most distant and deadly climes to risk their lives in battles of their oppressors.”

Invasion of Canada

Attacked from Detroit, Niagara Falls, Hudson River Valley

All failed

Oliver Hazard Perrysecretly arranged for the construction of a

fleet on the coast of Lake Erie. Leader of Lake

Erie Fleet

Defeated the British

Control for U.S. of Great Lakes

Washington D.C.

August 1814

British fleet entered the city

Washington D.C.

Madison and other leaders fled

British set fire to the White House and the Capitol

Dolly Madison saved important papers

Fort McHenry

British marched on Baltimore

Attacked Fort McHenry

Not successfulNationalism sparked

Fort McHenry & The Star Spangle Banner

Francis Scott Key

He wrote The Star-Spangled Banner while watching this battle

Battle of Lake ChamplainThe same month, 15,000 British soldiers moved into New York.

Their intend was to control Lake Champlain.

September 11, 1814

U.S. Victory

Britain retreats!!!

Nationalism growing

Battle of New Orleans

January 1815

British landed with 7,500 at New Orleans

Victory for U.S. forces under Andrew Jackson (cotton bales)

Nationalism blowing up

War of

1812

Treaty of GhentOn December 24, 1814, in the European city of Ghent, negotiators signed the

Treaty ofGhent, ending the war of 1812.

Dec. 1814

Ended the War of 1812

England must honor U.S. boundaries

Convention of 1818U.S.-Canadian border from Minnesota to the Rocky Mountains set at 490N

latitude