Essential Questions How can the different types of clastic sedimentary rocks be described? How do...
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Essential Questions How can the different types of clastic sedimentary rocks be described? How do chemical sedimentary rocks form? What are biochemical
Essential Questions How can the different types of clastic
sedimentary rocks be described? How do chemical sedimentary rocks
form? What are biochemical sedimentary rocks? Copyright McGraw-Hill
Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Slide 2
Review saturated New clastic sedimentary rock clastic porosity
evaporite Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Vocabulary Types of
Sedimentary Rocks
Slide 3
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Clastic Sedimentary Rocks The
most common sedimentary rocks, clastic sedimentary rocks, are
formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments that
accumulate on Earths surface. Clastic refers to rock and mineral
fragments produced by weathering and erosion. These rocks are
further classified according to the sizes of their particles.
Slide 4
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Coarse-grained rocks Sedimentary rocks
consisting of gravel-sized rock and mineral fragments are
classified as coarse-grained rocks.
Slide 5
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Coarse-grained rocks Conglomerates have
rounded, gravel-sized particles. Breccias are composed of angular,
gravel-sized particles.
Slide 6
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Medium-grained rocks Sedimentary rocks
that contain sand-sized rock and mineral fragments are classified
as medium-grained clastic rocks. Porosity is the percentage of open
spaces between grains in a material, such as rock.
Slide 7
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Medium-grained rocks When open spaces
between grains in a rock are connected to one another, fluids can
move through porous rock such as sandstone. Sandstone layers can be
valuable as underground reservoirs of oil, natural gas, and
groundwater.
Slide 8
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Fine-grained rocks Sedimentary rocks
consisting of silt- and clay-sized particles are called fine-
grained rocks. Fine-grained sedimentary rock has low porosity and
often forms barriers that hinder the movement of groundwater and
oil.
Slide 9
Monterey Shale and Hydraulic Fracturing
Slide 10
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks Chemical sedimentary
rocks When the concentration of dissolved minerals in a body of
water reaches saturation, crystals can precipitate out of solution
and settle to the bottom. The resulting layers of chemical
sedimentary rocks are called evaporites.
Slide 11
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks Chemical sedimentary
rocks The constant evaporation from a body of salt water results in
precipitation of large amounts of salts.
Slide 12
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks Biochemical sedimentary
rocks Biochemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the remains of
once-living organisms. The most abundant of this type of rock is
limestone, which is composed primarily of calcite.
Slide 13
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Biochemical sedimentary rocks After the death of organisms that
used calcium carbonate to make their shells, the shells settle to
the bottom of the ocean and can form thick layers of carbonate
sediment. During burial and lithification of the carbonate sediment
formed from the shells of once-living organisms, calcium carbonate
precipitates out of the water, crystallizes between the grains of
carbonate sediment, and forms limestone.
Slide 14
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education Review Essential Questions How
can the different types of clastic sedimentary rocks be described?
How do chemical sedimentary rocks form? What are biochemical
sedimentary rocks? Vocabulary clastic sedimentary rock clastic
porosity evaporite Types of Sedimentary Rocks