Establishing the Republic:The Jeffersonians

Chapter 13

13-1: Jefferson’s First Term

• Elected in 1800• Simple inauguration• Promised to work with Republicans and

Federalists alike

The New Administration

• Wanted a “wise and frugal government”– Cut backs– Not too many changes

• Decided to pay off the national debt– Cut money from other programs like the army,

navy, and state department

The Tripolitan War

• Jefferson wanted to save money so he stopped paying off the Barbary pirates and sent the navy to protect American ships

• Sultan of Tripoli demanded money from US• Navy blockaded the harbor of Tripoli and Marines

seized the port• US won, but Americans continued to pay of

countries on the Barbary Coast• Showed US needed to be able to defend itself

New Appointments

• Jefferson removed 105 Federalists from office and replaced them with Republicans

Jefferson and the Midnight Judges

• Adams passed the Judiciary Act of 1801 to try to get more Federalists into power

• Jefferson repealed it and passed the Judiciary Act of 1802 which allowed him to put more Republicans in power

• Republicans tried to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase, but they decided judges could only be impeached for criminal conduct

The Marshall Court

• Adams appointed John Marshall as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

• He was a Federalist, but a lot like Jefferson• Brought prestige to the Supreme Court

The Marbury Decision

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)• Established judicial review – first case in which

the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress to be unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland

• 1819• Struck down a Maryland law that tried to tax

the Second Bank of the US• Said a state law could not interfere with a

federal law• Said Congress could do what was necessary to

carry out duties that the Constitution did not specifically forbid

The Louisiana Purchase

• Spain secretly gave Louisiana Territory to France in 1800

• Napoleon sold Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million

• Doubled the size of the nation

Lewis and Clark Explore the West

• Congress sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the new territory

• Left from St. Louis, Missouri and ended at the mouth of the Columbia River

• Sacajawea joined them as guide and translator• Increased knowledge of plants, animals, and

people of North America• Mapped route for future explorers

Zebulon Pike

• Led unsuccessful expedition to find the source of the Mississippi River from 1805-1806

• Explored between Arkansas and Red rivers and saw the mountain later named Pike’s Peak

13-2: Jefferson’s Second Term

• Elected again in 1804

The Fate of Aaron Burr

• Burr was part of a plan to have the northern states break away from the Union

• Hamilton ruined his plans• Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel, which he

accepted• Hamilton fired into the air while Burr killed

him

• Burr fled to avoid being charged with murder• Burr sailed down the Ohio to the Mississippi• He was part of another plan to break away

from the Union• Tried for treason but not convicted

The Leopard and the Chesapeake

• British were stopping American ships and attempting to seize, or impress, sailors

• The Leopard, a British ship, stopped The Chesapeake, an American ship in US waters

• Demanded to search the ship for British naval deserters

• Chesapeake refused, so the Leopard opened fire, killing 3 and wounding 18

• Outraged Americans, but they couldn’t do much about it – naval funding had been cut

Trade Restrictions

• American trade ships carrying goods to Europe were in danger from both France and Britain

• Trade brought much growth and prosperity to America

The Embargo

• Embargo Act passed in December 1807• Outlawed all exports of American goods • Forbade American ships from trading with

foreign nations• Harmed America more than France of Britain• Smuggling trade grew• Forced to repeal it in 1809 right before his

presidency ended

13-3: James Madison, President

• Elected in 1808• Republican from Virginia

Tecumseh’s Confederation

• Natives lost much land to the people on the frontier

• Tecumseh wanted to form a confederation to lead the fight against their losses

Battle of Tippecanoe

• William Henry Harrison, the governor of the Indiana Territory, attacked the natives at Tippecanoe

• Harrison’s troops won and destroyed the natives town

• Harrison looked like a hero, but he had made enemies with the confederation

Nonintercourse Act

• Passed in 1809 after the embargo was repealed

• Allowed trade with all nations except Great Britain and France until they ended restrictions on American shipping

Macon’s Bill Number Two

• Removed all restrictions on trade• If either France and Britain would honor

American rights, the US would impose restrictions on the other country

• Napoleon announced he would repeal French restrictions

• America stopped trade with Britain• Britain decided to honor American shipping

rights after Madison had asked Congress to declare war on Britain

War of 1812

• See reading handout and notes handout for more information

Madison’s Economic Plans

• Second Bank of the US– Regulate currency and prevent counterfeits

• Protective tariff– Encourage the growth of manufacturing

• Internal improvements– Roads– Tie parts of the country more closely together

13-4: The Era of Good Feelings

• James Monroe became president in 1816• From Virginia• Republican

The Administration of Monroe

• Nickname for his presidency: Era of Good Feelings

• His secretary of state: John Quincy Adams• Territory added: East and West Florida• Treaty signed: Adams-Onis Treaty

The Missouri Compromise

• Proposed by: Henry Clay• Year passed: 1820• Three main provisions:– Missouri admitted to the Union as a slave state– Maine admitted to the Union as a free state– All new states north of the 36⁰ 30’ N to be free, all

states south of the line to be slave states

Monroe Doctrine

• Territory affected: the Americas• Year announced: 1823• Two American demands:– No new colonies could be created in the Americas– European countries were to stay out of the affairs

of newly independent nations

Monroe Doctrine

• Two American promises:– The US would not interfere with established

European colonies in the Western Hemisphere– The US would not interfere in the internal affairs

of European nations