ETABS Learning Guide

8/9/2019 ETABS Learning Guide

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Juan Music Tomicic - Department of Civil Engineering - Catholic University of the North

CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF NORTH

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL CONSTRUCTION AND

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Development of a multimedia learning environment for learning

the structure area in the careers of the Faculty of Architecture,

Construction and Civil Engineering

AUTHOR: JUAN MUSIC Tomii

DATE: MARCH 2005

E-M ail:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Development of a multimedia learning environment for

learning the structure area in the careers of the Faculty

of Architecture, Construction and Civil Engineering

Summary

In the Department of Civil Engineering at the Catholic University of the North, we haveincorporated various software for the design of structures. Among them we canmention the ETABS, SAP and SAFE.

The classes give students the theoretical and practical, for the management of newdesign tools and their application to new technologies and current market trendsknowledge.To achieve this goal, we set out to develop learning environments based onmultimedia technologies, aportasen a number of positive elements, from apedagogical point of view, the assimilation of knowledge necessary for the student towork proficiently within and commented design tools.

As part of this work, we have prepared these notes and added material developed,which is delivered on a CD, to facilitate student learning in the area of structure.Here is exposed in a clear and concise manner, how to use the ETABS and SAPsoftware.

It is important to note that to use software properly prerequisite is mastering the theoryin which the program is based. Without it, it is neither possible nor advisable to useany program.


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Development of a multimedia learning environment for

learning the structure area in the careers of the Faculty

of Architecture, Construction and Civil Engineering

1) Introduction

The approach to teaching structural analysis is changing rapidly dueto the profusion of use and availability of the computer. The ever lower costs and everincreasing computing capacity have had, as expected, a positive effect on structuralanalysis programs. The number and variety of programs for the analysis and design ofstructures has grown at the same pace as computers have been developed. It is verylikely that one or even several programs such as SAP2000, ETABS, Visual Analysis,STAAD / Pro, RISA, GT-Strudl, Robot, Cypecad and others, are today in all officescalculation and design.In tune with the times, the group of teachers in the area Structure of the Departmentof Civil Engineering at the Catholic University of the North, has implemented andcontinues to consider changes in the content of their courses of analysis and design.In particular, it is putting more emphasis on analysis of undergraduate courses in thestiffness matrix method.Technological changes in education in general and in structural engineering areinevitable and irreversible and makes no sense to oppose them; on the contrary weshould accept and adopt them judiciously and intelligent. Current students were bornand grown up immersed in the age of computers and generally feel very comfortablewith the use of computers. It is therefore logical and reasonable to exploit theseopportunities to improve their technique.Mentioned it before, but provides us with a powerful tool, it is important to reflect onthe use (and abuse) of structural analysis programs. As opportunity to appreciate laterbe taken, it is possible for a user to create a model of a relatively complicated structureand analyze for different load conditions very easily and with minimal knowledge of thesubject. However, this can have very negative and even catastrophic consequences.Like any professional or experienced teacher knows, it is impossible (and dangerous)to replace the expertise and years of study with a computer. It is well known Englishadage "garbage-in, garbage-out". In other words, the results delivering a computerprogram are as bad (or good ...) as data is entered.Using the computer to optimize the design to be feasible to consider various structural

systems, geometry or sections for the same structure in a reasonable time. You canalso increase the structural reliability to power relatively easily considered variousscenarios or combinations of loads beyond the minimum required by code. The samegoal is achieved by the analytical model closer to the actual structure making it moresophisticated and detailed (eg considering dimensional effects, etc.). By reducing the


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time for analysis and design, efficiency and hence the competitiveness of anengineering company is benefiting.

All this is possible through the use of professional programs for structural analysis.What can not be replaced by a computer is the effort behind years of study and goodengineering judgment. Therefore, our basic philosophy in teaching art and science ofstructural engineering has not changed. All students must learn and understand clearlythe assumptions and simplifications are made to create a model, or method ofcalculation. Must be able to play hand what the computer can do to a simple structure,including the famous diagrams of internal forces and moments. Must be able todetermine if the test results, either by hand or machine, make sense or not.Methodology should know and be able to calculate the loads (dead, live, wind,earthquake, etc.) for analysis of the structure. You should know the differencesbetween the various structural systems and how they work. Only once you havemastered these aspects (and maybe one other not cited), the student or professionalis trained to use successfully and productively as powerful a tool as a structuralanalysis program. Therefore, if the programs are used by people who have solidknowledge of the conceptual foundations of the methods used and their assumptionsand apply their experience and good structural criteria, these are a good tool supportengineer.

In the Department of Civil Engineering at the Catholic University of the North, we haveincorporated various software for the design of structures. Among them we canmention the ETABS, SAP and SAFE.The classes give students the theoretical and practical, for the management of newdesign tools and their application to new technologies and current market trendsknowledge.To achieve this goal, we set out to develop learning environments based onmultimedia technologies, aportasen a number of positive elements, from apedagogical point of view, the assimilation of knowledge necessary for the student to

work proficiently within and commented design tools.As part of this work, we have prepared these notes and added material developed,which is delivered on a CD, to facilitate student learning in the area of structure.Here is exposed in a clear and concise manner, how to use the ETABS and SAPsoftware.It is important to note that to use software properly prerequisite is mastering the theoryin which the program is based. Without it, it is neither possible nor advisable to useany program.

2) Practical Manual for using the ETABS program

Exposed, then the main aspects to learn and master the use of ETABS program.


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a) General Aspects

ETABS is a program of structural analysis and design based on the finite elementmethod, with special features for analysis and structural design of buildings. Thenumerical methods used in the program design procedures and international designcodes allow you to be versatile and productive, whether it is designing a two-dimensional gantry or performing a dynamic analysis of a high-rise building at the baseinsulator.

b) Fundamental Concept

ETABS works within an integrated data system. The basic concept is that you create amodel system consisting of flat and vertical systems and side porch (or wall system) toanalyze and design the entire building. All that is needed is to integrate the model intoa versatile system analysis and design with an interface. No external maintenancemodules and not worry about data transfer between modules. The effects on a part ofthe structure due to changes elsewhere are instantaneous and automatic.

c) Variety of Options Analysis

The analysis methods include a variety of options for static and dynamic analysis. Theintegrated model can include systems, steel beams, resisting frames, complexsystems of shear walls, slabs of rigid and flexible floor, sloping roofs, ramps andparking structures, trusses systems, multiple buildings and systems staggereddiaphragm.

d) Numerical Methods

The numerical methods used to analyze the building floor systems allow modeling ofsteel deck and concrete slab that can automatically transmit their loads to the maingirders. The finite element meshing automatically made of a complex system of floordisplacement interpolated transitions meshes different characteristics associated withRitz vector analysis for dynamic analysis, allows for the inclusion of the effect offlexibility of the diaphragm in the analysis in a practical way.The options allow dynamic vertical analysis include the effects of the components ofthe vertical ground motion in its seismic analysis. This will also allow a detailedevaluation of vertical vibration problems, in addition to the traditional empiricalmethods are also included within the software floors.The special problems associated with the construction of typical structures have been

associated with allowing customized easily include their effects on numerical analysistechniques. The special problems including, among others, are: Calculating the centerof rigidity, local and global P-Delta effects, including panels isolated on deformablezone, effect of rigid joints at the ends and


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displacement ends of elements relative to the cardinal points of a section.

e) Advanced Capabilities

More advanced options include sophisticated numerical methods for modelingnonlinear damping, pushover analysis, based insulation, construction sequential load,impact and structural survey.

f) Using the Manual Developed

The manual that comes introduces the use of the program ETABS Version 8.4.5.ETABS is an extremely versatile and powerful program with many features andbenefits. This manual is not intended as a document that covers a whole thesefeatures and benefits. He was drafted thinking you want to do structural analysis of amultistory building, which has rigid diaphragm at floor level and a seismic analysis beundertaken by the dynamic method of spectral modal superposition, according to theprovisions of the Nch433of96 standard.To capture the full value of ETABS, this manual should be used in conjunction withother program documents, such as the reference manual-use graphical interface anddesign manuals steel, concrete shear walls and floors section composed.It is important to note finally that the program includes lots of online help is availablewhenever the graphical interface is open. The documentation is available in two forms:a standard helps the Windows style and a document library.You access the Windows style help by clicking the Help menu and selecting Searchfor Help on ...., Or by pressing the F1 function key on the keyboard. If the F1 key ispressed while a form is open, help related to that item will be displayed. Windows styleaid provides guidance regarding data entry into various forms used in the program.Often also clarify the meaning of the data entered into the forms.The document library is a set of .pdf files that can be viewed or printed using Adobe

Acrobat Reader. You access the document library using the Help> Documentation andTutorials command, which present the ETABS Documentation form. This form displaysseveral of the categories of documentation available.Doing Double click (left mouse button) on the name of a category will present a list ofindividual documents available in .pdf format. Note that some categories also havesubcategories.Double clicking on the right mouse button on the name of an individual documentpresented summary information about content, size and date.Double-click (left mouse button) on behalf of an individual document, or highlighting itand clicking the button Display Selected Document will run the Adobe Acrobat Readerand display the selected document. Note that many files contain hyperlinks for easy

navigation between documents.


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MANUAL OF USE

ETABS PROGRAM.

1. General Considerations

Are presented the Main commands the ETABS program, version 8.4.5.

The building is supposed to analyze features rigiddiaphragm at floor level.

The provisions of the Nch standard apply. 433 Of.96.

A seismic analysis will be performed by themethod of overlapping spectral mode.


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2. Steps to perform a structural analysis of a

building with Etabs Software V8.

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Step 1: Structuring the building.

Step 2: Creating the structural model.

Step 3: Perform Modal Analysis.

Step 4: Defining and analyzing seismic loads states.

Step 5: Perform structural analysis.

Step 6: Viewing results.

STEP 1: Structuring the building.

It is the most important stage and is to define

the location, dimensions and materials of allstructural elements to adequately withstand theloads acting on the building, according toprovisions of Chilean standards.

For proper structuring, requires:

Mastery of the fundamentals of a good structure;

Practical experience of the engineer.


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Before using the program must:

i) Define the structure of the building;

ii) Set the global coordinate system (X, Y, Z);

iii) Define the axes required to locate the resistant elements(Beams, columns, walls, slabs, etc.) building.

Upon completion, you must open the ETABS program, which

brings us to the main screen of it, which is shown in the figure

below, where we choose the unit system (these can be changed

later).

Main. Frame assign line. Display

Point and assignjoint. Shell and assign area. Define. Design.

Draw.

Select.CoordinateSystem.

Snap.

Option

AllocationBy levels.

Work Units.

Etabs Software Main Window.


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A 2 ETAP: Creation of the structural model.

Step 1:Create new file and save as job file.

File New Model / .

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Step 2:Edit the grid.

Edit Edit Edit grid data grid / .


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Form Editor Grids.

Step 3:Edit floors or levels.

Edit Edit Edit story dating story / .

AB

C


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AForm Level Editor.

B

Form Insert new levels.

CForm Remove levels.


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Step 4:Definition of materials.

Define Material Properties / .

Step 5Define sections beams, columnsand diagonals.

Define Frame sections / .


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.

The armor

reinforcement

specified shall beverified by the

program.

The reinforcement

shall be

determined by theprogram. It is

necessary todefine bars.

Step 6:Define sections of walls and slabs.

Define Wall / Slab / Deck sections /


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Step 7:Draw and assign walls (Surface elements).

Generate walls from the plan view or elevation, defining start node and end

node.

Generate walls from the plan view or elevation, with a single click on the line of the

grid.

Step 8:Draw and assign columns, beams and diagonal(Line items).

This button lets you draw a beam orcolumn between the points whereyou clicked.

This button lets you draw a beam or

column in a particular region on the

grid.

This button lets you draw a column

in the grid intersection.


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Insertion Point Command

To determine if a beam is normal, inverted or semi-inverted (by default, the beam is centered on thelevel of the floor), it must be selected once you have been assigned and then proceed as follows:

Assign Frame / Line Insertion point.

This window modifies the location of the

beam relative to the global axes (X, Y, Z)

or local (1, 2, 3).

Step 9:Draw and assign slabs (Surface elements).

Draw Areas (Plan, Elev, 3D).

Draw Rectangular Areas

(Plan, Elev).

Draw Areas with a click(Plan, Elev).


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Step 10:Meshing of slabs and walls

OPTION 1: Manual Case. Edit Mesh Areas

Option helpful.

OPTION 2: Automatic Case.

Assign Shell / Area Area Object Mesh Options


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Step 11:Ensure connectivity in all elements Assign

Shell / Area Auto Line Constraint.

Step 12:Assign rigid diaphragms

You must select the slab, then:

Assign Shell / Area Rigid diafragm / .

If the structure has only one floor diaphragm on each level, it is convenient to

identify them all with the same name (eg. Diafrag.). This is easy to determine the

cumulative mass floor to floor to see the results of the analysis.


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Step 13:Allocating in the base support

Points Assign Joint Restraints (Supports) / .

STAGE 3: Perform Modal Analysis.

The goal is to find the periods associatedwith increased translational mass in both Xand Y, ie, finding Tx and Ty * * directions, todetermine the spectrum of design as standardNch. 433 Of. 96.


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Step 14:Define the types of loads

Define Static Load Cases / .

PP = Dead

Weight. SC =

overload.

TERM = Terminations.

Step 15:Assignment of gravitational loads on slabs

i) Select slabs;

ii) Selecting appropriate option allowance levels.

Assign Shell / Area Loads Uniform / .


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The program comes with a built-in calculator, which has a set offunctions that are useful for assigning loads. This may be obtained bykeeping the Shift key and double click on the Load field.

Step 16:Definition of mass to be considered in the seismicanalysis

Define Mass Source / .

Recommended option.

By specifying the masses throughthe assigned loads, it is necessary

to define what percentage of thesecharges should be considered in

determining the seismic mass,

according to the provisions ofNch433 Of.96.

Prevents vibration modes ofvibrations are generated

outside the plane of thediaphragms (vertical).


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Step 17:Run Modal Analysis

Analyze Set Analysis Options.

The number of modes

to be considered

must be sufficient toaccumulate at least

90% of the seismic

mass in each

direction of analysis

(Nch433 Of.96).

Step 18: Look For period associated to higher translational mass (Tx and Ty * *), verifying

that amount of vibration modes is considered adequate.

Display Set Output Table Mode / .

Selecting Freight

charges or states.


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Ty * Tx *

Accumulated more than

90% of the mass

analysis in each

direction.

Form deployment periods and equivalent masses associated with each mode of

vibration.

A 4 ETAPDefinition of Quake to

analyze and United Cargo.

Step 19:Define the acceleration spectrum

Define Responce Spectrum Functions / .

A

B

There are two ways to incorporate design

spectrum to the program, which are

explained below:


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A) From Text File.

B) Income Manual.


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Step 20:Definition of earthquakes Define

analyze Responce Spectrum Cases / .


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Step 21: Consideration of

accidental torsion

You can enter in 2 ways:

i) Transversely moving the location of the centers

of mass of the model b 0.05 *kyTo the quake X

direction and 0.05 * bkx for earthquake Y

direction

Earthquake acting with an eccentricityof 5%.

ii) Applying twisting moments at each level static, calculated as the product of the combined

effort variation cut at that level by an accidental eccentricity, given by:

Bky 0.1 * * Zk / H for the quake as X

BKX 0.1 * * Zk / H for the quake as Y.


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Entry form accidental torsion moments Mz.


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Step 22:Definition States Define Loads

Load Combinations / .

Step 5:Perform Structural Analysis.

Step 23:Check Model

Analyze Check Model.


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Step 24:Define type of analysis


Step 25:Structural Analysis Analyze

Run Run Analysis / .

Choose any of the twooptions.


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STAGE 6:Display results.

The analysis results can be viewed therefore screen as via database

generated by the program.

Step 26:Display results screen

Display Set Output Table Mode / .

As an example, you can display the floor cuts generated by the spectra for each of thedirections of analysis, as shown in the following figure:


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Viewing the seismic weight.

Location of the centers of mass and stiffness centers of each level.


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Step 27:Display results through a database generated.

To this must go to the Microsoft Access program and open the file that

was created in step 24.

Options most used.

As an example, you can display the floor cuts generated by the spectra for each of the

directions of analysis, through an Access database in a pivot table, as shown in the following

figure:


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Design of

Reinforced

Concrete Walls.


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1) Go to Option menu> Preferences> Shear Wall Design and then

define the design code with their respective output units

Amountsdesign


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2) Select the wall full model M20.

3) Go to the Assign menu> Shell Area> Pier Label and add

an identifying name Pier

4) Go to the View Options menu in September Building and Pier

Labels enabled, disabling the other options identification labels to

visually verify the name assigned to the Pier.

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5) Go to the Design menu> Shear Wall Design> Select Design Combo and then add the defined

load combinations for design, removing the combinations generated by default.

6) Go to the Design menu> Shear W all Design> View / Check pier Overwrites to

activate the seismic design with the provisions of Chapter 21 of the ACI318-99

6) There are 3 methods for the design of walls:

a) Tension-compression: Only the pillars edge designs, determining the length edge

of Pier and flexural reinforcement edge, also designs the entire section cut. The

design is based on efforts of a two-dimensional plane.

b) Armor evenly distributed : Flexural and shear design for the entire section. It also

allows comparing the longitudinal reinforcement given by the user with the calculated by

the program. The design is based on the interaction dimensional diagram.

c) Armor General: flexural and shear design for the entire section. You can create

different sections with irregular armor. It also allows comparing the armor given by the

user with the calculated by the program. The design is based on the diagram is three

dimensional interaction.

* For the last two cases you can check Demand v / s Capacity section where this factor is

an indicator of the wall stress conditions with respect to their ability, based on three-

dimensional diagram interaction. *


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6.1) Tension - compress ion:

Select the entire wall or the desired section, then go to the Design menu> Shear Wall Design>

Assign Pier sections for Checking> Simplified C and T section

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For the uniform reinforcement, only to define the type of distributed armor longitudinal sides and

bars in the corners

8 @ 25 (unif)

12 (corners)

View of reinforcement placed on the wall

when she gets defined as strengthening

uniform

Required Reif Ratio: Current REINF design

Amount Ratio: Amount Provided.

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6.3) Strengthening General:

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(D): Design

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Required Reif Ratio: Current REINF design

Amount Ratio: Amount Provided.

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3) Practical Manual Using the SAP Program

Exposed, then the main aspects to learn and master the use of SAP.

MANUAL OF USE

SAP2000 PROGRAM.


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1. General Considerations

Are presented the Main commands the SAP2000 software, version 8.3.3.

The building is supposed to analyze features rigiddiaphragm at floor level.

The provisions of the Nch standard apply.433 Of. 96.

A seismic analysis will be performed by themethod of overlapping spectral mode.

2. Steps to perform a structural analysis of a

building with SAP2000 software.AArreecccaaannndddiiissstttiiinnnggguuuiiissshhh66ssstttaaagggeeesssMMMaaaiiinnn:::

Step 1: Structuring the building.

Step 2: Creating the structural model.

Step 3: Perform Modal Analysis.

Step 4: Defining and analyzing seismic loads states.

Step 5: Perform structural analysis.

Step 6: Viewing results.


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STEP 1: Structuring the building.

It is the most important stage and is to definethe location, dimensions and materials of allstructural elements to adequately withstand theloads acting on the building, according toprovisions of Chilean standards.

For proper structuring, requires:

Mastery of the fundamentals of a good structure;

Practical experience of the engineer.

Before using the program must:

i) Define the structure of the building;ii) Set the global coordinate system (X, Y, Z);

iii) Define the necessary axes to locate the resistant elements(Beams, columns, walls, slabs, etc.) building.

Upon completion, you must open the SAP2000 program,

which brings us to the main screen of it, which is shown in the

figure below, where we choose the unit system (these can be

changed later).


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Main.Design.

Display

Draw.

Select.

Snap. Coordinate

System.

Work Units.

Coordinates of the cursor.

Main Window Software SAP2000.

STAGE 2: Creation of the structural model.

Step 1:Create new file and save as job file.

File New Model / .

FFFiii llleeeSSaavveeaaccee// ..


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Step 2:Edit the grid.

Edit Edit grid data.

Form Editor Grids.


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Step 3:Definition of materials.

Define Material Properties / .

Step 4Define sections beams,columns and diagonals.

Define Frame / Cable Sections / .


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.

The armor

reinforcement

specified shall be

verified by theprogram.

The reinforcementshall be

determined by theprogram. It is

necessary to

define bars.

Step 5:Define sections of walls and slabs.

Define Area sections /


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Step 6:Draw and assign columns, beams and diagonal(Line items).

This button lets you draw a beamor column between the pointswhere you clicked.

This button lets you draw a beamor column in a particular region onthe grid.

Insertion Point Command

To determine if a beam is normal, inverted or semi-inverted (by default, the beam is centered on the

level of the floor), it must be selected once you have been assigned and then proceed as follows:

Assign Frame / Cable Insertion point.

This window modifies the location of the

beam relative to the global axes (X, Y, Z)

or local (1, 2, 3).


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.

Step 7:Draw and assign slabs and walls (Surface elements).

Draw Areas (Plan, Elev, 3D).

Draw Rectangular Areas (Plan,

Elev).

Draw Areas with a click(Plan, Elev).

Step 8:Meshing of slabs and walls

OPTION 1: Manual Case. Edit Mesh Areas /


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OPTION 2: Automatic Case.

Assign Area Automatic Area Mesh

Step 9:Ensure connectivity in all elements

Assign Area Generate Edge Constraints.


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Step 10:Assign rigid diaphragms

You must select the nodes that make up the slab, then:

Assign Joint Constraints.

Step 11:Assign pads to the base

Assign Joint Restraints / .


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Step 12:Define Define

Groups Groups / .

Step 13:Define Sections of cuts.

Define Sections Cuts.


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Step 14:Assign the selected items to a defined group.

This step is necessary for cuts per floor. For this you must select floor by floor and thenassign it to a group as defined in step 13.

Assign Assign to group / .

STAGE 3: Perform Modal Analysis.

The goal is to find the periods associatedwith increased translational mass in both Xand Y, ie, finding Tx and Ty * * directions, todetermine the spectrum of design as standardNch. 433 Of. 96.


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Step 15:Define the types of loads

Sets Load Cases / .

PP = Dead

Weight. SC =

overload.

TERM = Terminations.

Step 16:Assignment of gravitational loads on slabs

i) Select slabs

Assign Area Loads Uniform (Shell) / .


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Step 17:Definition of mass to be considered in the seismicanalysis

Define Mass Source / .

Recommended option.

By specifying the masses through

the assigned loads, it is necessaryto define what percentage of thesecharges should be considered indetermining the seismic mass,

according to the provisions ofNch433 Of.96.

Step 18:Run Modal Analysis



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Step 19:Number of modes to consider

Define Analysis Cases / .


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Step 20:Running the analysis.

Analyze Run Analysis.

Step 21: Look For period associated to higher translational mass (Tx and Ty * *), verifying

that amount of vibration modes is considered adequate.

Display Show Results Analysis Tables / .


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STAGE 4Definition of Quake to analyze

and United Cargo. Step 22:Define the acceleration spectrum

Define Functions Responce Spectrum / .

There are two ways

to incorporate the Aprogram design

spectrum, which are

explained below:

B

A) From Text File.


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B) Income Manual.

Step 23:Definition of earthquakes

analyzed Sets Analysis Cases / .


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Step 24:Consideration of accidental torsion

Applying twisting moments at each level static, calculated as the product of the

combined effort variation cut at that level by an accidental eccentricity, given by:

Bk 0.1 * and * Zk / H for the quake as X

Bk 0.1 * x * Zk / H for the quake as Y.


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Entry form accidental torsion moments Mz.


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Step 25:Definition Define Loads States

Combinations / .

Step 5:Perform Structural Analysis.

Step 26:Define type of analysis



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Step 27:Structural Analysis Analyze

Run Run Analysis / .

STAGE 6:Display results.

The analysis results can be viewed therefore screen as via database generated bythe program.

Step 28:Display results per screen Display Set

Output Table Mode / .


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As an example, you can display the floor cuts generated by the spectra for eachof the directions of analysis, as shown in the following figure:



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Step 29:Display results through a database generated.

To this must go to the Microsoft Access program and open the file that was

created in step 24.

Options

most used.


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As an example, you can display the floor cuts generated by the spectra for eachof the directions of analysis, through an Access database in a pivot table, as

shown in the following figure:



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REFERENCES

1. ETABS: "USER INTERFACE REFERENCE MANUAL".

2. SAP2000: "ANALYSIS REFERENCE MANUAL".

3. WILSON, EDWARD "THREE DIMENSIONAL STATIC AND DYNAMIC

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES".

Documents

ETABS Learning Guide