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ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti
humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti
qarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecniereba
eTer Sengelia
samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrulsamoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrulsamoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrulsamoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrul----lazurSilazurSilazurSilazurSi
(istoriul(istoriul(istoriul(istoriul----SedarebiTi analizi)SedarebiTi analizi)SedarebiTi analizi)SedarebiTi analizi)
filologiis doqtoris (Ph. D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
d i s e r t a c i a
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
Tsu asoc. profesori merab Cuxua
Tbilisi
2014
2
Sesavali
winamdebare naSromi miznad isaxavs, warmoaCinos samoselTan
dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi leqsikuri erTeulebi megrul-lazurSi;
gamoavlinos sakuTriv megrul-lazuri enobrivi monacemebi; gamoiyos is
leqsemebi, romlebsac Sesatyvisebi moepoveba sxva qarTvelur enasa Tu
dialeqtebSi; Seiswavlos dialeqtebSi megrul-lazuridan gasuli da,
piriqiT, dialeqtebidan megrul-lazurSi SeTvisebuli, ucxo enebidan
damkvidrebuli an qarTveluridan sxva enebSi gasuli leqsikuri
erTeulebi.
enis ZiriTadi leqsikuri fondis asaxva, misi Seswavla metad
mniSvnelovani da aqtualuri sakiTxia leqsikologiisaTvis da, saerTod,
enisa da eris istoriisaTvis.
leqsikis dargobrivad Seswavlis meTods garkveuli upiratesoba
eniWeba, ramdenadac ama Tu im dargis Tanmimdevrulad aRwera meti
sisruliT gamoavlens leqsikas, daazustebs leqsikur erTeulTa
mniSvnelobebs da saTanado adgils miuCens maT terminologiuri
TvalsazrisiT, radganac warmodgenili saanalizo masala erT-erTi
saintereso ubania qarTveluri erovnuli Cacmulobisa da im wes-
Cveulebebis Sesaswavlad, romlebic samosels ukavSirdeba.
leqsikis amgvari aRwera saintereso da faseulia eTnografiuli
TvalsazrisiTac.
winamdebare naSromi, enaTmecnieruli TvalsazrisiT, samoselTan
dakavSirebuli leqsikis monografiulad Seswavlis pirvel cdas
warmoadgens.
leqsikis dargobrivi Seswavla mniSvnelovania konkretul sityvaTa
Zireuli da meoreuli mniSvnelobebisa da enis leqsikuri fondis
Sevsebis TvalsazrisiT.
leqsikis dargobriv Seswavlas awarmoebdnen eTnografebic, cxadia, ara
enaTmecnieruli kuTxiT. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom
eTnografiul monacemebze damyarebiT leqsikis dajgufeba saTanado
kulturuli wris suraTs iZleva, ramdenadac es kultura leqsikaSia
3
asaxuli. ra Tqma unda, amgvari dajgufeba, rogorc b. foCxua aRniSnavs,
`gareenobrivia~ (foCxua 1974, 240). amdenad, mniSvnelovania eTnografiuli
masalis gaTvaliswinebiT, dargobrivi, am SemTxvevaSi, samoselTan
dakavSirebuli leqsikis sakuTriv enaTmecnieruli TvalsazrisiT
Seswavla, romelic gansazRvravs, erTi mxriv, specialur leqsikasa da
saerTo enas Soris arsebul urTierTobas da, meore mxriv, warmodgenili
masalis adgils qarTuli enis istoriaSi.
sakiTxis Seswavlis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania iv. javaxiSvilis, i.
ciciSvilis, n. CofikaSvilis, osman beis, g. yazbegis, a. lambertis, m.
vaniliSis, a. Tandilavasa da sxvaTa gamokvlevebi Tu eTnografiuli
Canawerebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgenen calkeul
sityvaTa ganmartebisa Tu istoriisaTvis.
iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom samoslis istoriis dasadgenad
eTnografiul monacemebTan erTad arsebiTia misi enaTmecnieruli
Seswavla. am mxriv, sayuradReboa l. biniaSvilis sadisertacio naSromi:
`samoslis aRmniSvneli leqsika Zvel qarTulSi~. saerToqarTuli
viTarebis gamosavlenad, vfiqrobT, warmodgenili naSromic, `samoselTan
dakavSirebuli leqsika megrul-lazurSi~, garkveul wvlils Seitans
qarTuli samoslis istoriis Seswavlasa da misi enaTmecnieruli
TvalsazrisiT kvlevis saqmeSi.
naSromSi ganxiluli masalis wyaros warmoadgens specialur
literaturaSi arsebuli monacemebi, kerZod, ivane javaxiSvilis
`masalebi saqarTvelos Sinamrewvelobisa da xelosnobis istoriisaTvis~,
gamocemuli teqstebi, leqsikonebi, eTnografiuli masalebi, lazuri
dialeqtis saleqsikono fondi (daculi arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis
enaTmecnierebis institutSi), ucxoel mogzaurTa aRwerilobebsa da
gamokvlevebSi moZiebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi. amasTanave, 2004 wlidan
disertaciis avtoris mier samegrelosa (Cxorowyus, martvilis, senakis,
walenjixis, zugdidis, xobis, abaSis, qalaq foTis) da lazeTSi
(xelvaCauris raionis sarfis Temsa da TurqeTis SemadgenlobaSi
arsebuli istoriuli lazeTis teritoriaze _ xofaSi, arqabesa da
viweSi) savele samuSaoebis Sedegad mopovebuli samoselTan da
4
SinamrewvelobasTan dakavSirebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi da saTanado
zepirsityvierebis nimuSebi.
disertaciaSi SeZlebisdagvarad srulad aRiwera samoselTan
dakavSirebuli leqsika megrul-lazurSi. samoselSi ganvixilavT:
tanisamoss, Tavsaburavs, fexsamoss; Cacma-gaxdis, masalis aRmniSvnel
Tematur jgufebs.
naSromSi gamoiyo sami Tavi:
I Tavi _ samoseli;
II Tavi _ samoslis CacmasTan da gaxdasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi;
III Tavi _ samoselTan dakavSirebuli megrul-lazuri leqsika
frazeologizmebSi.
TiToeul TavSi gamoiyo qveTavebi da paragrafebi semantikuri
jgufebis mixedviT.
samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika Tematurad aris gaanalizebuli.
naSromSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia sityvis mxolod im mniSvnelobaze an
mniSvnelobebze, romlebic samoslis Tematur jgufSi Semodis, sxva
mniSvnelobebi ki amjerad gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris.
megrul-lazuri erTeulebi cal-calke aris ganxiluli. saanalizo
saxelebi warmodgenilia saxelobiTi brunvis formiT, zmnuri erTeulebi
ki mocemulia masdarisa an piriani formiT.
masala semantikuri jgufis SigniT ganvixileT struqturuli da
istoriul-SedarebiTi TvalsazrisiT, raTa semantikuri erTianoba ar
darRveuliyo.
Cven mier mopovebuli masala teqstSi miTiTebulia: Cveni masala.
5
Tavi I
samoseli
iv. javaxiSvili sagangebod msjelobs samoslis saxeobebis Sesaxeb.
misi SexedulebiT, SeiZleba gamoiyos tanisamosis jgufebi: `yovlis
rigis tanisamosi (yovelgvari tanisamosi). e. i. aq Sedis daniSnulebis
mixedviT: qalis, kacis, bavSvis, queSeTi sacmeli, samoseli zeiT;
samoseli gansxvavdeboda adgilmdebareobis mixedviT: SigniTa, gareTa,
weliwadis droisa da siTbo-sicivis mixedviT, saSinao, sagareo, samuSao
da uqme dReebSi Casacmeli, samoseli qvrivobisa, patiosani, Sesaferisi
da kargi Cacma, sxvadasxva wodebisa da socialuri mdgomareobis
pirTaTvis gankuTvnili tanisamosi: samefo, sadedoflo da mefis
moxeleTa tanisamosi. iyo agreTve savaWro − vaWarTaTvis, Semdeg e. w.
monaTa tanisamosi, mogzaurTa anu saRaribo tanisamosi da asakis
mixedviT dajgufebuli~ (masalebi 1962, 85).
SesavalSi aRvniSneT, rom samosels ganvixilavT sami aspeqtis
mixedviT: tanisamosi, fexsamosi, Tavsaburavi. iv. javaxiSvilis mocemuli
klasifikacis gaTvaliswinebiT, miviCnieT, I TavSi, romelic exeba
samosels zogadad, gamogveyo eqvsi qveTavi Sesabamisi paragrafebiT.
I qveTavi
tanisamosi
mocemul qveTavSi ganvixilavT tanisamosis saxelwodebebs zogadad,
konkretul saxeobebs, samosels adgilmdebareobisa da daniSnulebis
mixedviT, romlebic ganawilebulia saTanado paragrafebSi:
$ 1. 1. 1. 1. tanisamosis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi
am jgufSi gaerTianebulia megrul-lazuri leqsikuri erTeulebi,
romlebic tanisamosis zogad saxelwodebas warmoadgenen. masala
6
gamovlenilia rogorc megrulSi, aseve lazurSi warmodgenilia, rogorc
qarTveluri, aseve nasesxebi leqsika.
megruli
megr. barg-i 1) `tansacmeli~. bargi oko q�mkiqune, muTa goxvar metia
`tansacmeli unda Caicva, araferi giSvelis metio~. 2) `bargi, qoneba~
TuTaSa difrTuqu do bargi kirilo q�dmoxvamileva `Tvemde davbrundebi
da bargi (qoneba) Sekruli damaxvedreo (wasaRebad)~ (qajaia I, 2001).
dasturdeba am fuZidan nawarmoebi sxva formac: bargobua `Casacmeli
zogadad~ (qajaia IV, 2009). (ix. laz. barg-). barg-i qarTulSic gvxvdeba am
mniSvnelobiT: 1. moZravi qoneba (qveSagebi, aveji da misT.); 2. tvirTi; 3.
gadat. mziTvad gatanebuli qveSagebi, tanisamosi, aveji (qegli I, 2008).
T. saxokia aRniSnavs, rom megrulSi tanisamosis mniSvnelobiT bargs
iyeneben zugdidisa da samurzayanosken. am TvalsazrisiT mas
samegreloSi sxvagan ar xmaroben, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos sxva
nawilebSia daviwyebuli~ (saxokia 1979, 66). megrulSi es fuZe
warmodgenilia rTuli fuZis Semadgenel nawilad: barg����-barxana, Sdr.
qarT. bargi-barxana `nair-nairi bargi, yovelgvari bargi~ (qegli I, 2008).
igive Ziri rTuli fuZis Semadgenel nawilad dasturdeba TuSurSi,
sadac: barg-band���� `Zvelmani, bargibarxana~ (cocaniZe 2012). gvxvdeba
xevsurulSic: martivi barg-i `tvirTi~ da rTuli sityvis Semadgenel
nawilad barg-bandi `barg-barxana~ (WinWarauli 2005).
amrigad, megrulisgan gansxvavebiT, dialeqtebSi barg-s tansacmlis
mniSvneloba ara aqvs, saliteraturo qarTulSi mxolod gadataniT
niSnavs tansacmels.
barg- fuZes aqvs zmnuri mniSvnelobac: megr. a-barg-eba `iZuleba, rom
abargdes~ (qajaia IV, 2009). erT-erTi mTqmelisagan CaviwereT: e-barg-eb-a ||
e-barg-af-a `ojaxidan wasvla Zirfesvianad~. a. qobaliasTan dasturdeba
paraleluri forma e-barg-in-i `abargeba, abanakeba~ (qobalia 2010).
zmnuri mniSvnelobiT qarTulSic gvxvdeba: barg- (a-barg-d-eb-a) `bargs
aikravs, wasasvlelad moemzadeba~ (qegli I, 2008).
7
saanalizo sityvis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania v. abaevis Sexeduleba.
is qarT. barg- fuZes adarebs os. twarğ ğ ğ ğ `tvirTi, sapalne~, spars. fal. b����r
`tvirTi~, spars. xarv����r r r r `viris sapalne~ (abaevi IV, 1989, 49). aRniSnul fuZes
dasaxelebul enebSi tansacmlis mniSvneloba ar udasturdeba. SeiZleba
es mniSvneloba qarTul niadagzea ganviTarebuli. rogorc Cans, barg-
fuZe megrulSi saliteraturo enis meSveobiT aris Sesuli.
megr. mikaqvenj-i (mika-qven-j-i) `Casacmeli~ || tanmikoqvenj-i (tan-miko-
qven-j-i) (qajaia II, 2002). (SeiZleba am formiTac iyos: tan�-miko-qven-j-i) ||
tan-mikoqvenj-i (tan-miko-qven-j-i) || tan-mukoqvenj-i (tan-muko-qven-j-i)
`tanisamosi~ (qobalia 2010) || mukoqvenj-i (muko-qven-j-i) || mukoqunal-i
(muko-quna-l-i) `tansacmeli~ (fifia 2008) || megr. mukaqunal-i (muka-qun-al-
i) ← *mukooqunal-i (*mukoo-qun-al-i) (qajaia II, 2002); megr. mukaqunal-i
(muka-qun-al-i) `tansacmeli, Cacmuloba~ (qobalia 2010). Cveni masalis
mixedviT, es formac dasturdeba: m����kaqunal-i (m�ka-qun-al-i).
gaanalizebuli fuZeebi nawarmoebia zmnuri qun- || qv- `Cacma~ Zirisagan.
maT Soris gamoiyofa martivi da rTuli fuZeebi. martivi: mika-qven-j-i ||
muko-qven-j-i, sadac mika- || muko- rTuli zmniswinebia, qven- Ziri, -j ki –
sufiqsi. muko-qun-al-i || muka-qun-al-i ← mukoo-qun-al-i – momavali
drois vnebiTi gvaris mimReobebia. aqac SeiZleba gamoiyos rTuli
zmniswinebi: muko- || muka- ← ← ← ← mukoo-, qun- Ziri da mimReobis mawarmoebeli –
al sufiqsi, xolo kompozitebSi, tan-miko-qven-j-i || tan-muko-qven-j-i,
SeiZleba gamoiyos martivi tan- `tani~ da nawarmoebi miko-qvej- || muko-
qven-j-, romlebic daiSleba zemoT mocemuli fuZeebis msgavsad.
zogadi mniSvnelobisaa, agreTve, qun- Zirisagan nawarmoebi megr.
daqunal-i (da-qun-al-i) `dasaTbunebeli, dasaburi, dasaxuri (qveSagebi)~
(qobalia 2010). es leqsema Tbil mosacmelsac niSnavs. mocemuli erTeuli
struqturulad momavali drois mimReobaa.
samecniero literaturis Tanaxmad, saanalizo sityva
saerToqarTveluri fuZea: qarT. sarqvel-i || Zv. qarT. sarq����el-i *sa-r-qv-
el-i || sa-r-qu-el-i `Wuris pirsafari~ SeiZleba daukavSirdes: megr. qun-
(qimkaqunu) `Caacva, daaxura~, mikaqunal-i || mukoqunal-i `tanisamosi~,
8
ginoqvenj-i `wamosasxami~ : Wan. qun- (qodoloqunu) `Caacva~, doloqunu
`tanisamosi~ : svan. q����---- (�Tq�em) `Cacma~, le-req���� `tanisamosi~ (Ciqobava 1938,
177, 341-342; rogava 1962, 93-94; JRenti 1956, 103; Tofuria 1979, 269).
megr. omorsal-i || omosal-i || gamorsal-i (o-mors-al-i || o-mosa-l-i || ga-
mors-al-i) `samoseli, Sesamoseli~ (es forma gamocemul megrul
wyaroebSi ver davadastureT), romelic nawarmoebia `Cacmis, Semosvis~
aRmniSvneli mors- || mos- Zirisagan (amis Sesaxeb ix. megr. mors- || mos-
ZirTan, gv. 113).
megr. talavar-i `tansacmeli (zogadad)~. (gamocemul wyaroebSi ver
davadastureT). gadataniT niSnavs `Zvirfass~: koCi vari talavari rdua
(Cveni masala) `Zvirfasi adamiani iyo~. qarTulSic dasturdeba talavar-i
Zv. `tanisamosi, tansacmeli~ (qegli VI, 1961), gvxvdeba dialeqtebSic. Sdr.
TuS. talavar���� `tansacmeli, morTuloba~ (cocaniZe 2012), xevs. talavar-i
`tanisamosi~, talavar-n-i `micvalebulis sikvdilis Semdeg mis
tansacmels Caawyoben loginSi. zogjer am tanisamoss gamoitanen gareT
da dastirian. amas ewodeba talavarni~ (WinWarauli 2005).
megr. tan(i) do kuCx-i 1) `tani da fexi~ || 2) gadat. `tansacmeli da
fexsacmeli~. dida gag�moC� tani do kuCxiSa (xubua 1937, 82) `deda gayida
Casacmelze (tansa da fexze)~. sainteresoa TuSuri monacemi, sadac tan����
`daCiTuli naqsovis fons~ aRniSnavs (cocaniZe 2012).
megr. tanisamos-i `tansacmeli~ (Waraia 1997). Sdr. javax. taisamos-i
`tanisamosi~ (beriZe 1981). mocemul formaSi fuZiseuli n dakargulia.
vfiqrobT, es fuZe megrulSi qarTulis meSveobiT aris damkvidrebuli.
lazuri
laz. doloqunu (dolo-qun-u) `tansacmeli~ (zogadad) (ix. Cacmis
mniSvnelobiTac) || doloqunale (dolo-qun-al-e) `Casacmeli~ || doloquni
(dolo-qun-i) `tansacmeli~ (Tandilava 2013). dolo-qun-u da dolo-qun-i
warmoqmnili sityvebia, qun- `Cacma~ Ziridan nawarmoebi, dolo- rTuli
zmniswinia qarTuli `Ca~-s mniSvnelobiT. –e da –i saxelobiTi brunvis
niSnebi, dolo-qun-al-e momavali drois vnebiTi gvaris mimReobaa. dolo-
9
qun-u nazmnari saxelia, -u sawyisis mawarmoebelia. rogorc zemoT
aRvniSneT, is saerToqarTveluri fuZea (mis warmomavlobasTan
dakavSirebiT ix. megr. mikaqvenj-i). Sdr. kaTandReri doloquna (furt.)
`yoveldRiuri samosi~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
zogadi mniSvnelobiT lazurSi dasturdeba qun- Ziridan nawarmoebi
dolo-qun-u-Si (dolo-qunu-Si) `(saxeldaxelod) Casacmeli~, zedmiw.
`Casacmlisa~ (Cveni masala). igi warmoSobiT aris nanaTesaobiTari saxeli,
-Si – naTesaobiTi brunvis mawarmoebeli.
laz. uruba `tansacmeli~ (arab.-Turq. uruba) (Tandilava 2013).
$ 2. tanisamosis saxeobebi
tanisamosis saxeobebze saubrisas mniSvnelovania samegrelosa da
lazeTSi mogzaurTa Tu mkvlevarTa cnobebi iqaur mkvidrTa Cacmulobis
Sesaxeb, ris mixedviTac maTTvis damaxasiaTebel samoselsa da
Cacmulobas vecnobiT. sayuradReboa osman beis mier lazebis Cacmulobis
aRwera. misi SexedulebiT, `lazebis tanTCacmuloba TiTqmis ar
gansxvavdeba aWarul-gurulisagan. lazur Cacmulobas SenarCunebuli
aqvs mxedruli xasiaTi: fexebze mWidrod gawyobili muqi feris
Salisagan Sekerili Sarvali, mokle da viwro zedatani imave qsovilisa.
zedatans wina mxareze aqvs ori saqile (vaznebisaTvis), welze
Semoxveuli aqvs abreSumis sartyeli, xolo Tavze ―yabalaxi. mxarze
atareben grZel Tofs, romlis kondaxi Semkulia mosevadebuli vercxliT
xanjali Cerqezulis magvari hkidiaT~ (osman-bei 1874, 364).
lazebis Cacmulobis gasacnobad mniSvnelovania giorgi yazbegis
Canawerebi. is ase axasiaTebs xofel lazebs: `maTi tansacmeli gurulsa
da aWaruls emsgavseba ... xofas, gansakuTrebiT orTa-xofas midamo,
ulamazesi kuTxea. aqauri mosaxleobac silamaziTa da koxta
tansacmliT gamoirCeva~ (yazbegi 1878, 133). `Cven gvxvdebodnen bazarSi
mimavali qalebi, Wreli sadResaswaulo tansacmliT gamowyobilni,
qalebs tvirTi kalTebiT mihqondaT. Txel pirbadeSi (Cadri) gamokrToda
aqauri qalebis cnobismoyvare Tvalebi~ (yazbegi, 1878, 107).
10
tanisamosis saxeobebSi ganvixilavT samoslis gaudiferencirebel
saxeebs, romlebic ar aris gansazRvruli adgilmdebareobis mixedviT (am
SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba SigniTa, qveda Tu zeda samosi).
megr. birdu-bardu `Zveli, ugvani, Seuferebeli tansacmeli~. birdu-
bardu `abdaubda~ (qobalia 2010). is agebulebiT kompozitia.
megr. gadidul-i `xamis (Txeli xamis) kaba, zeda da qveda weli
erTmaneTTan SeerTebuli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). vfiqrobT, is
warmoqmnili sityvaa. SeiZleba daiyos amgvarad: *ga-did-ul-i e. i.
*`gadidebuli~. Cans, nawarmoebia did- `didi~ Zirisagan da aris warsuli
drois, vnebiTi gvaris mimReoba, sadac SeiZleba gamoiyos ga- zmniswini
da –ul mawarmoebeli.
megr. elamosa `abreSumis kaba~ (daraiasi, iisferi). SeiZleba is
warmoqmnili sityvaa, sadac ela zmniswini unda iyos (Wanturias arqivi, #
434).
megr. kaba `kaba; axaluxi~ (Coxis qveS Casacmeli). Sdr. kabam-i `kabiani,
axaluxiani~ (qajaia II, 2002).
samecniero literaturaSi kabis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb aseTi
Sexeduleba arsebobs:
megr. kabas p. Waraia sparsulad miiCnevs (Waraia 1997). kaba svanurSic
dasturdeba kab formiT, romelic v. Tofurias SexedulebiT, qarTulidan
aris Sesuli (Tofuria 2002, 14).
g. wereTlis azriT, qarT. kaba ← arab. qabā `kaba (mamakacis xalaTi)
`xalaTi~, sadac is Sesulia ← spars. qabāh (wereTeli 1951; wereTeli 1992,
91). m. andronikaSvilis azriT, kaba uSualod sparsulidan aris
Semosuli qarTulSi da aqedan aris damkvidrebuli megrulSi
(andronikaSvili 1966, 207). maSasadame, qarT. kaba ← spars. kabā → → → → zan.
(megr.) kaba `qalis an kacis zeda samosi.
sityvis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania v. abaevis Sexeduleba. osurSi
dasturdeba �aba �aba �aba �aba `qalis kaba~, romelic mkvlevars qarTulidan Sesulad
miaCnia, xolo qarTuli kaba arabul-sparsul �ab�ab�ab�ab����-dan, rac niSnavs: `zeda
samosi, mosasxami (kaba, Coxa, mantia)~ (abaevi 1958, 615 ).
11
i. yifSiZe iziarebs, rom qarT. kaba momdinareobs spars. ��b��b��b��b����---- dan
(yifSiZe 1994, 453).
sayuradReboa iv. javaxiSvilis msjeloba mocemul sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. misi azriT, qarT. kaba `zeviTi tanisamosi~ ← ax. spars.
kaba-dan `zeiTi tanisamosi bewviani~, Sdr. Zv. berZn. kabadio `aRmosavluri
tansacmeli~, berZn. kabbadion `zeviTi tansacmeli sparsuli yaidisa~
(masalebi 1962, 30, 60, 79).
i. ciciSvilic msjelobs am sityvasTan dakavSirebiT da aRniSnavs, rom
`kaba orive sqesis zeda samosis saxelwodebaa, is gvxvdeba XII-XIII
saukuneebis ZeglebSi: `vefxistyaosanSi~, `amiran-darejanianSi~ da `vis-
ramianSi~. mkvlevari miuTiTebs, rom qalis zeda samoselsac kaba ewodeba.
amas Cvenamde moRweuli XVII-XVIII saukuneebis `mziTvis wignebic~
amowmeben da eTnografiuli monacemebic; is miuTiTebs, rom kaba arab.
warmoSobisaa, gamoiTqmis samgvarad: yaba/aba/kaba qarTulSi samive forma
daculia (ciciSvili 1954, 52, 55-57).
mkvlevarTa Sexedulebebidan gamomdinare, megrulSi kaba Sesulia
qarTulidan, qarTulSi ki, zogis varaudiT, uSualod sparsulidan aris
Sesuli, zogis azriT, ki – sparsulis gziT aris gasuli arabulSi da
misi meSveobiT qarTulSi, aqedan ki – osurSi.
megrulSi dasturdeba kapot-i `kaba~ (qobalia 2010). zogierTi
mTqmelis azriT, es aris `mTliani kaba~, zogierTma ki ase ganmarta:
kapoti re kaba do eSeiani || (rubaSka) `kapoti aris kaba (qvedabolo) da
zeda (tanzemoT Casacmeli || perangi~. a. qobalia `megrul leqsikonSi~
aRniSnavs, rom mocemuli sityva rusul koftidan momdinareobs. Cven ki
gamovTqvamT varauds, rom saanalizo fuZeSi SeiZleba gamoiyos -ot
sufiqsi, romelic safiqrebelia, iyos qarT. -ot sufiqsis daniSnulebiT,
romlis Sesaxebac samecniero literaturidan cnobilia: `-ot sufiqsi
awarmoebs saxelis kninobiT formas. mag., kinW-ot-i `Tonidan puris
amosaRebi kaviani Samfuri (rkinisa)~ (jorbenaZe, kobaiZe, beriZe 1988, 354).
SesaZloa, fuZeze -ot sufiqsis darTvam gamoiwvia fuZiseuli a-s dakargva
da sufiqsiseulma mkveTrma t-m gaamkveTra b da, Sesabamisad, *kap-ot- ←
kab-ot- ←kaba-ot-). es sityva gvxvdeba lazurSic.
12
megrulSi dasturdeba no- winaviTarebis prefiqsiT (romelic fardia
qarT. na- prefiqsisa) da -ia kninobiTobis, Tvisebis an msgavsebis
mawarmoebeli sufiqsiT nawarmoebi no-kab-ia `erTi Zveli, gasacodavebuli
kaba~ (qobalia 2010).
kaba SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxisa. am mxriv megruli masala sakmaod
mdidaria. akaki Wanturia gamoyofs kabis saxeebs: movis, salamarjis
`moxatuli qsovilis~, Ji do Tudoiani `qvedabolo da zedatani~,
kudelami `kudiani, boloiani~, xabardam-i `mavTulebiani, Sesakravebiani~,
Ji do Tudo arTo taniSa mo����unafili frialefiT `tanzegamoyvanili,
morTuli kaba~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. koroxiS-i kaba `Zvirfasi abreSumis kaba~ (Wanturias arqivi, #
434).
megr. laguj-i (xarTa) `cxvrisa da Txis tyavisagan gakeTebuli xalTa,
tyapuWi~. oqro-varCxiliT� efSa Tqvan(i) laguji do xarTa `oqro-
vercxliT savse Tqveni guda da xalTa~ (qajaia II, 2002); `amgvarive
tyavisagan gakeTebuli tansacmeli~ (Waraia 1997). samecniero
literaturaSi arsebobs mosazreba, rom zan. (megr.) {guj-}, laguj-i
`sazurge tomara, daumuSavebeli cxvris an Txis tyavisagan~ momdinareobs
goj-i fuZidan (Cuxua 2002-2003, 77).
megr. lobidani `kaba zolebiani, Cinuri xelovnebis, Zvirfasi,
foTlebiani~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. palto, qarT. palto [fran. ppaletot] zevidan Casacmeli grZeli,
saxeloebiani samoseli. zamTris palto. _ sazafxulo palto. _ darbazSi
aiSalnen, ... yvela gaCqarebiT icvamda paltosa (s. mgalob.). qalma ...
gaixada palto, dakida (a. bel.) (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. plaS-i (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. plaSC-i (rus. плащ) 1)
usaxeloebo ganieri zeda tansacmeli (wamosasxami); 2) `sawvimari palto~
(qegli VI, 1960).
megr. Jaket-i, qarT. Jaket-i (frang. jaquette rus. enis meSveobiT) `qalis
mokle zeda tansacmeli (wamosasxami)~; 2) `sawvimari palto~ (qegli VI,
1960).
13
megr. sak����d����ro || sakidiro `samkerde, Casacmlis saxeoba~. Tina
ila�afuduni, muSi oqroSi sak�d�roT `is rom TamaSobda Tavisi oqros
samkerduliT!~ (qajaia II, 2002). sak����d����ro lentiviT iyo farTo (masalebi
1983, 246). warmoqmnili sityvaa (sa-k����d����r-o || sa-kidir-o). vfiqrobT,
nawarmoebia k����d����r- || kidir- fuZeze qarTulidan SeTvisebuli sa-o
daniSnulebis prefiqs-sufiqsis darTviT.
megr. fafanak-i `fafanagi, - tanisamosi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. qulaja `qurqisnairi tansacmeli qalisa, abreSumisgan keravdnen,
welze naoWebiani iyo, Zirs kurdRlis Tavs Semoayolebdnen~ (masalebi
1983, 242). Sdr. qarT. qulaja (qulajisa) [Turq. kulac `bewvi~] (qegli VII,
1962). rogorc Cans, sityva ucxo warmomavlobisaa, dasturdeba
saliteraturo qarTulSi da megrulSi, albaT, qarTulis gziT aris
damkvidrebuli.
megr. qurq-i `qurqi~ (masalebi 1983, 246). qarT. qurq-i (qurqisa) [Turq.
kurk] 1. adamianis zeda saTbilobeli samoseli bewveulisa; 2. bewviani
tyavi cxovelTa (qegli VII, 1962). is SesaZloa megrulSi qarTulis
meSveobiT aris damkvidrebuli (ix. laz. qurqi).
megr. RarT-i `Coxa~, `sawvimari nabadi~. mekvojini qemeurs,... RarTis
qemeuSxvarTuans `rom gavxede, midis,... Coxas miaqanavebs (miaSxvarTalebs)~
(yifSiZe 1994, 114). RarTs ukan yurebi hqonda da win gulze saqileebi
ekera. RarTs matylisgan qsovdnen, mamakacs RarTi ecva, perangic misi
hqonda (mamakacebs perangze kaba ecvaT da kabaze RarTi (Coxa). `RarTi
sayeloiani iyo. zogi RarTis gulispirs qargavda mwvane da wiTeli
ZafiT~ (masalebi 1983, 241). gvxvdeba rTuli sityvis Semadgenel nawilad:
uCaRarTam-i `gveli (uxseneblis tabuirebuli saxeli)~ (sityasityviT
`SavCoxiani~) (qobalia 2010). gvaqvs nawamoebi sityva RarT-am-i, rac niSnavs
`Coxosani~ da, agreTve, tabuirebuli saxelia uxseneblisa (qobalia 2010).
o. qajaia RarT-s ganmartavs rogorc `kacis zeda tansacmeli
maudisagan Sekerili~ (qajaia III, 2002). || RarTa. RarTa-RarTa `uxarisxo
tansacmeli (farTxalia)~ (ix. igive fuZe qsovilTan).
14
RarTi gvxvdeba SesityvebaSi: quni do RarTi `Coxa-nabadi~. RarTi do
kaba `Coxa-axaluxi~; RarTi do nabadi `Coxa-nabadi~; RarTi do Ziqva
`Coxa-Sarvali~; RarTiS kare `nabdis qoxi~ (qobalia 2010).
RarT-i dasturdeba sabasTan `sawvimari nabadi~ (orbeliani II, 1993).
axal qarTulSi `RarTi aris wamosasxami nabadi mwyemsisaTvis, gurul
dialeqtSi ki – `Sin moqsovili saCoxe~ (qegli VII, 1962).
saerTod, nabadi mosasxamebSi gavitaneT, magram radganac misi erT-erTi
mniSvneloba aris `kaba~, amitom aq ganvixileT.
megr. Sinel-i samoslis erT-erTi saxea. es sityva gamocemul teqstebSi
ver davadastureT. erT-erTma mTqmelma ganmarta, rogorc `nabadiviT
Tbili mosasxamiani palto~. qarTulSic gvxvdeba Sinel-i fuZe, romelic
rusulidan aris Semosuli. Sdr. rus. шинелъ 1. samxedro formis palto;
2. Zv. `zed wamosasxmeli~ (saba). (qegli V, 1958). albaT, aRniSnuli
erTeuli megrulSi qarTulis gziT aris SeTvisebuli rusulidan.
megr. Coxa `Coxa, Sali~ (Waraia 1997). CoxaSi Ziqva maaZudu `Salis
Sarvali ecva~ (qajaia III, 2002). CoxaSi `Razlisa, naqsovi, qsovili
(sazog.)~ (qobalia 2010). sabas ganmartebiT, Coxa || CoÃa `matylis samoseli
(sqeli)~ (orbeliani II, 1993).
sainteresoa Coxis aRweriloba, romelsac gvaZlevs iv. javaxiSvili. is
wers: `Coxa Sedgeboda ramdenime nawilisagan: ukana bedani (zurgi),
romelic welze SeiWreboda, wina ori bedani da kalTebi~. kalTebi
Sedgeboda oTxi an eqvsi naWrisagan. `Zvelad mamakacs ecva Coxa da
forCis perangi~. saCoxes qalebi qsovdnen, Coxa mokle icodnen,
muxlamdis, ukan naoWiani, saxeloebi ganieri hqonda, ikvreboda dugmebiT
(masalebi 1983, 242, 246). rogorc Cans, is samoselic aris da masalac.
Coxis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania i. ciciSvilis msjeloba, romelic
aRniSnavs: `Coxa XIX saukuneSi mamakacis zeda samoss ewodeboda. igi
zogjer Cerqezulis saxeliTac aRiniSneboda. Zvelad qarTulSi sityva
`Coxa~ orive sqesis ber-monazonTa samosels aRniSnavda. XIII, XVII, XVIII
saukuneebis cnobebis mixedviT, Coxa ewodeboda monazvnis zeda samoss,
kacisas Tu qalisas. Coxa qsovilis erT-erT saxeobadac miiCneoda~
(ciciSvili 1954, 58). mkvlevari dasZens: `Coxa~ sami gagebiT iyo naxmari: 1)
15
rogorc xalxuri zeda samosis erT-erTi saxe; 2) rogorc monazonTa
Sesamoseli da 3) rogorc qsovilis saxesxvaoba~ (ciciSvili 1954, 59).
d. CubinaSvili Coxa-s ase ganmartavs: maudi an drapi aqlemis
matylisagan nakeTebi, xolo, meore mxriv, rogorc zeda samosi
(CubinaSvili 1961, 85).
samecniero literaturaSi qarT. Coxa, Sedarebulia osur. cu��������aaaa || co����aaaa
`Coxa~, spars. čuxčuxčuxčuxā `Salis zeda Casacmeli~, Turq. čuxčuxčuxčuxa, čučučuču����a, ččččoxa `maudi,
maudis tansacmeli~ fuZeebTan (abaevi 1958, 316).
megr. xalaT-i `xalaTi.~ musu loginc qiglujiru daraiaSi xalaTiT
`TviTon loginze wamowolila daraias xalaTiT~ (qajaia III, 2002). Sdr.
qarT. xalaT-i, romelsac udasturdeba ramdenime mniSvneloba: 1.
aRmosavluri grZeli da farTo zeda Casacmeli; 2. grZeli xalvaTi
saSinao Casacmeli; 3. tansacmels zemodan Casacmeli samosi (sisufTavis
dasacavad); 4. mamakacis zeda tansacmeli, romelzedac qamars irtyamen, _
bluzi; 5. rTuli fuZis meore Semadgeneli nawili. specxalaTi. Sarval-
xalaTi (qegli VIII, 1964).
iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom qarT. xalaT-i momdinareobs
sparsulidan. Sdr. spars. chal’at. misi azriT, es sityva Semodis jer
rogorc tanisamosis, Semdeg ki sparsi da osmali mebatoneebisgan
saCuqris anu wyalobis mniSvnelobiT (masalebi 1962, 115).
sparsuli warmomavlobis xalaT-i sityva SeiZleba megrulSi qarTulis
gziT aris damkvidrebuli.
megr. jigania `tyav-kaba; amtani~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. igive gvarsaxeli
samurzayanul megrulSi.
tanisamosis saxeobebTan SeiZleba ganvixiloT xelTaTmani. megr. xeSi
TaTman-i (qobalia 2010) || xeS����TaTman-i `xelTaTmani~. igi SeiZleba iyos:
kiTam-i `TiTiani~ (kiT-i `TiTi~ + -am qonebis mawarmoebeli sufiqsi). Sdr.
TuS. TaTman���� `uTiTo xelTaTmani~ (cocaniZe 2002).
xelTaTmanis mniSvnelobiT m. Cuxuas gamovlenili aqvs
saerToqarTveluri fuZe: zan. {quj-i}`xelTaTmani~, romelic Seesatyviseba
: qarT. (TuS.) qur-o `xelTaTmani~ (qur-o `aris orTave ÃelTa
16
Sesayofeli farTo bewviani siTbosaTvis~ (saba) : svan. q��������j (zs), q����aj
(lSx.) `saxeluri (kota, maWo)~ (Cuxua 2000-2003, 258).
lazuri
laz. atket-i (aTin.), aklet-i (furt.), akleT-i (viw.), `perangi~ (Turq. atlet)
(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. elbise `kaba, tanisamosi, Casacmeli~ (Tandilava 2013).
elbisefemuSi donaxu `misi tansacmlebi garecxa~ (Ciqobava 1936, 97). es
sityva TurqulSic dasturdeba, Sdr. Turq. elbise. SeiZleba is
Turqulidan aris Sesuli lazurSi.
laz. zupina 1. `kacis perangi~. 2. (art.) `viwro kaba; viwro da mokle
kaba~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kapot-i 1. `faraja~. 2. `zogadad ruxi feris moklemklaviani
lazuri Jaketi~. 3. (furt. viw.) `sqeli da magari qsovili~ (uzunhasanoR-
lu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007); `ganieri Casacmeli, icvamen jariskacebi,
lazuri viwro kurtka~ (Tandilava 2013). ix. megr. kapot-i.
laz. kikili1 (viw.) `Sesakravi palto~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. labada `zeda Tbili Casacmeli labada~ (Tandilava 2013). Sdr.
gur. labada `dedaTa welqveda samosi, dabambuli (SaraSiZe 1938). labada
dasturdeba qarTulSic, romelic Sedarebulia spars. l�b�d� `mokle,
welSi gamoyvanili, axaluxis msgavsi samoseli qalisa~ (kax., qiziy.,
ingil.); 2) `qalis dabambuli welqveda samoseli~, 3) `wvimis dros
wamosasxami, ― sawvimari~ (qegli IV, 1955). libada gvxvdeba aWarulSic
`axaluxis msgavsi qalis samosi~, ikereboda xaverdisgan (koberiZe 2011,
91).
lazurSi gamovlenilia libadi fuZec `zed Casacmeli bambis~
(Tandilava 2013).
saanalizo fuZis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania m. Cuxuas Tvalsazrisi.
mkvlevari zan. (Wan.) li-bad-i, romelsac aqvs mniSvneloba – `palto,
mosasxami~, akavSirebs qarT. bad-, na-bad-i fuZesTan, aRadgens s.qarTv. *ni-
bad- `nabadi~ formas, romlisganac miRebulia qarT. na-bad-i,
romlisTvisac amosavali aris *ni-bad-i. mkvlevars zan. li-bad-isTvis
amosavlad miaCnia ****ni-bod-i (Cuxua 2000-2003, 56, 229), Tumca samecniero
17
literaturaSi, qarT. nabad-i ucxo enis monacemebTan aris Sedarebuli
(ix. megr, nabad-i).
laz. manTo `qalis Casacmeli Txeli palto~. �orkaS gale manTo
doloqunaptes `kabis gareT `manTos~ Caacmevdnen~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. moqunu `Jaketi, palto~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva
2007).
laz. piJama `piJamo~ (Tandilava 2013) (warmomavlobisTvis ix. megr.
piJamo).
laz. falTo || falto || palto (Tandilava @2013) || falTu `palto~
(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). didi falTo qodiliqunu
`didi palto ecva~ (Ciqobava 1929, 7). Sdr. qarT. palto (fran. ppaletot)
`zevidan Casacmeli grZeli, saxeloebiani samoseli~ (qegli VI, 1960). e. i.
sityva franguli warmomavlobisaa, Tumca igi palto formiT gvxvdeba
TurqulSic da, SesaZloa, lazurSi swored Turqulidan iyos
SeTvisebuli.
laz. forka ix. ����orka `kaba~ (Tandilava 2013) || ����oka `kaba~ (Cveni masala)
|| ����oga 1. `kaba, samoseli~. 2. `qalis samosi~. Sdr. ����ogina `patara kaba~
(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). emus �orkaSi uji qanuWkiu
`imas kabis wveri mouWra~ (Ciqobava 1929, 127).
aWarulSic qvxvdeba forka `mTliani kaba~, romelic, albaT,
lazuridan aris aWarulSi Sesuli.
laz. forCa `kaba~ (zogadad), `kacis zeda Casacmelia (yvelanairi),
`perangi~ (Tandilava 2013). sari forCas kai megomsqu qemeri `yviTel
kabaze Zalian gSvenis qamari~ (Ciqobava 1936, 85). `Sdr. megr. forCa,
romelic erTgvari samoselic aris da qsovilic.
laz. ����rak-i (Turq. frak) (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007)
`fraki~. franguli warmoSobis sityvaa, romelic lazurSi Turqulis
gziT unda damkvidrebuliyo. Sdr. qarT. frak-i (frang. frac) `mamakacis
sazeimo tansacmeli, - erTgvari serTuki, win amoWrili da ukan grZeli,
viwro kalTebiani~ (qegli VII, 1962).
18
laz. qurq-i || qÁurq-i `qurqi~. Sdr. Turq. k�rk. Cans, sityva Turqulidan
aris Semosuli (Tandilava 2013). qurqi diWu do qeSaxTu `qurqi Seikera
da amovida~ (Ciqobava 1936, 60). ix. megr. qurq-i.
laz. Skawale `kaba; wels qvemoT samosi~. saintereso leqsemaa.
kompoziti Cans, romelic miRebuli unda iyos laz. Ska `weli~ da wale
`qvemoT~ fuZeebis SeerTebiT (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. Carket-i `Jaketi~ (lazuris fondi). Sdr. amave mniSvnelobiT Turq.
ǏeketǏeketǏeketǏeket. J. diumezili aRniSnavs, rom monadireebi icvamen specialur
tansacmels, romelsac lazurad avji CeqeTi hqvia. (Sdr. Turq. avǏekǏekǏekǏek-ǏeketǏeketǏeketǏeket)
(lazuris fondi). lazurSi aseve dasturdeba am fuZis Semcveli
fonetikuri variantebi: CarkeCi || CeqeTi `pijaki~ (Tandilava 2013) || jeqeT-i
(viw.) (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007) (istoriisTvis ix. megr.
Jaketi).
laz. Coxa `Coxa-axaluxi~ || mCoxa (Tandilava 2013). Coxa va eWofaSa xai
mo izumom `sanam Coxas ar iyidi, lajs rad izomav?~ (kartozia 1972, 227).
(erT-erTi mTqmelisagan saintereso gadmocema CaviwereT Coxis formisa
da gamoyenebis Sesaxeb: `Coxa JuroneCdoviTi wanaSi woxle rtu. emuTe
xoronaptes. Coxas Skas qemeri uRutes. Coxa koWiSa rtu `Coxa
ormocdaaTi wlis win iyo. amiT cekvavdnen. Coxaze, welze qamari hqondaT.
Coxa koWebamde iyo (Cveni masala) (Coxis vrceli istoriis Sesaxeb ix.
megr. Coxa).
lazurSi Coxa aris rTuli sityvis Semadgeneli nawili: Coxa-Ziqva `Co-
xa-axaluxi~.
formis mixedviT Coxa SeiZleba iyos: toti mkule `moklemklaviani~
(vaniliSi, Tandilava, 1984, 156, 37-38). Sdr. gur. Coxa kverto – mokle Coxa
skalatisa, Savi (zogjer wiTeli), sirmiT gawyobili (SaraSiZe 1938).
laz. xalaTi (qarT.) `xalaTi~ (Tandilava @2013).
laz. xerTeSi `palto~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007);
`uxeSad nakeri qurTuki~ (Tandilava @2013).
laz. xika || xirka `dabambuli zeze Casacmeli paltos magieri~
(Tandilava @2013). xika goqTei moT dologoquns `xika ukuRma ratom
gacvia?~ (kartozia 1972, 54).
19
samoslis saxeobebSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT laz. seÁ doloqunuS-i
`Ramis perangi~ (asaTiani 1974, 89) || serdoloqunuS-i || serdoloqunal-i
(Cveni masala). erT-erTma mTqmelma ganmarta, rom is dRisiTac ecvaT. amave
mniSvnelobiT lazurSi dasturdeba gejeluR-i (Tandilava 2013) ||
gejenluR-i (Cveni masala). aRniSnuli erTeuli momdinareobs
Turqulidan (Sdr. Turq. geǏǏǏǏelik, romelic warmoqmnili sityvaa,
nawarmoebia geǏǏǏǏe- `Rame~ da -lik daniSnulebis prefiqsis meSveobiT,
romelic funqciiT qarT. sa- prefiqsis fardia). rogorc vxedavT,
lazuris gejenluR-i formaSi n ganviTarebulia. javaxur dialeqtSi
dasturdeba paraleluri fonetikuri varianti gejaluR-i `Ramis perangi
an qudi fesa, romelsac umetesad qalebi xmarobdnen~ (beriZe 1981, 321).
samoslis saxeobebTan megrulSi ganvixileT xelTaTmani. am semantikis
sityva lazurSic dasturdeba. kerZod. TaTman-i `xelTaTmani~ || xeSi
TaTman-i || xaTaTman-i || xe-TaT-i || xeS-TaT-i `xelTaTmani~ (Tandilava 2013),
Sdr. qarT. TaTman-i 1. uTiTo xelTaTmani, windasaviT naqsovi (saba). ||
igivea, rac xelTaTmani; 2. bawrisagan moqsovili Ziris gamosadgmeli
gacveTil windaze («dial.») (qegli IV, 1955). megrulSi es formac gvaqvs
da sxva erTeulic dasturdeba (ix. meg. xeSi TaTmani).
samoslis saxeobebSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT laz. xCeon-i (amse, Tain
2004) da misi paraleluri variantebi: qCeon-i (Cveni masala), || qCon-i (mari
1910, uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007) || Con-i (mari 1910)
`TeTrtanisamosiani~, `TeTriani~. marTan agreTve gvxvdeba qCe-forCon-i
`TeTrsamosiani~.
saanalizo erTeulebi nawarmoebi sityvebia: *xCe-on-i || *qCe-on-i || *qC-on-
i || *C-on-i, sadac *xCe- || *qCe- || *qC- || *C- `TeTris~ aRmniSvnelia, xolo *-on
― mawarmoebeli sufiqsi, romelic arsebiT saxelisagan awarmoebs
zedsarTav saxels, aRniSnavs risame qonebas an siWarbes (mari 1910, 73). –
on sufiqsi funqciurad qarTuli –ian, -ovan, -osan, -ier afiqsebis fardia
(Ciqobava 2008, 548; SaniZe 1980, 122-126).
saanalizo leqsikuri erTeulebi, miTiTebuli literaturis mixedviT,
aRniSnavs: `TeTrtanisamosiani~; `TeTriani~. semantikuri kvlevis
TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania, rom Cven mier mopovebul masalebSi xCeon-
20
i || qCeon-i formebs udasturdebaT sxva mniSvnelobac: `TeTrTmiani,
WaRarosani~ – xCeoni guitu `TeTrTmiani, WaRara dadioda~ (Cveni masala).
vfiqrobT, mocemuli sityvebis amosavali semantika swored es unda iyos.
Sdr. TixCe `TavTeTra~.
saanalizo erTeulebi, rogorc Cans, fonetikuri variantebia,
amosavalia xCe-on-i fuZe (romlisganac mJReri x-s dayruebis Sedegad
miviReT qCeon-i (Sdr. qarT. xCe → qCe), romlisganac miRebulia → qCe-on-i.
xCe || qCe- Zirze –on sufiqsis darTvam gamoiwvia fuZiseuli e xmovnis
dakargva, ris Sedegadac miviReT → qC-on-i, Semdeg ki qC- kompleqsis
gamartivebiT miviReT → C-on-i (Sdr. laz. xCe- → qCe- → Ce (Ciqobava 2008,
237-238)).
migvaCnia, rom saanalizo lazuri xCe-on-i → qCe-on-i → qC-on-i → C-on-i
leqsikuri erTeulebi qarT. mxcovan- || Zv. qarT. mჴჴჴჴcovan- `WaRarosani~ -
TeTri Tmis, wveris matarebeli~ (qegl V, 1958) fuZis fonetikur-
semantikuri Sesatyvisia. qarT. mxcovan-i || Zv. qarT. mჴჴჴჴcovan-i, rogorc
samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, warmoqmnili sityvaa da amgvarad
daiSleba: m-xc-ovan- || m-ჴჴჴჴc-ovan-, sadac m-xc- || m-ჴჴჴჴc- Ziri `TeTrs
aRniSnavs~, -ovan ki mawarmoebeli sufiqsia. qarT. m-xc-e Zv. qarT. m-ჴჴჴჴc-e-
`WaRara~: megr. rCe || Ce `TeTri~: Wan. xCe || qCe || Ce `moxuci~, `TeTri~: svan.
meC-i `moxuci~ fuZeTa kanonzomieri Sesatyvisoba dadgenilia (Tofuria
1979, 17, 266; JRenti 1953, 75, 79, 135, 185; Ciqobava 2008, 237; klimovi 1964, 144,
267; fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000 501-502), saerToqarTvelur sufiqsad
aRdgeba *-an, (-ov-an, -os-an, -i-an), romelmac lazurSi mogvca -on.
amdenad, laz. xCe-on-i → qCe-on-i → qC-on-i → C-on-i: qarT. mxc-ov-an-i ||
Zv. qarT. m-ჴჴჴჴc-ov-an-i.
saerToqarTvelur fuZed aRdgeba *ჴჴჴჴc-, xolo sufiqsad –an. Sdr.
saerToqarTveluri -Ãc-, Ãc-an-. qarT. –an (-ov-an, -os-an, -i-an) Sesatyvisia
laz. –on-isa.
21
$ 3. SigniTa samosi
am paragrafSi SeiZleba gamoiyos ori qvejgufi: 1) SigniTa samoslis
aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi da 2) kerZo anu am jgufSi Semaval
elementTa konkretuli saxelwodebani.
1) zogadi saxelwodebani
megruli
megr. milaqunal-i (mila-qun-al-i) || dinaxle milaqunal-i (mila-qun-al-i)
`SigniT Casacmeli~ || dinaxlen-i || dinoxlen-i barg-i `SigniTa
tansacmeli~ || (Tudon-i) aTaqunal-i (aTa-qun-al-i) `nebismieri saxis
samoslis qveS Casacmeli~ || mila����unafal-i (mila-�un-af-al-i) `SigniT
Casacmeli kabis, pijakis, perangis, an nebismieri gareTa Casacmlis qveS
Casacmeli~ || aTa����unafal-i (aTa-�un-af-al-i) `kabis qveS, wels qvemoT
Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala). mocemuli sityvebi ZiriTadad daniSnulebas
gamoxataven. isini warmoqmnili saxelebia da nawarmoebia: qun- `Cacma~ da
����un- `gayola, Tanxleba~ zmnuri Zirebisagan.
lazuri
laz. meSaqunu (meSa-qun-u) `SigniT Casacmeli~ meSaqunuSi || doloxe
dolo-qun-u-Si (meSa-qunu-Si || doloxe dolo-qun-u-Si (doloxe `SigniT~ ||
doloxeni `SigniTa~) (Tandilava 2013). || milaxiSe `SigniTa Casacmeli~
(Cveni masala). meSa-/mila- Se-/ga- zmniswinebis fardia (Tandilava 2013).
lazurSic, megrulis msgavsad, mocemul jgufSi warmoqmnili saxelebi
gvaqvs. amosavali aris qun- `Cacma~ Ziri.
2) kerZo anu am jgufSi Semaval elementTa konkretuli saxelwodebani
aq gaerTianebulia kabis qveS an, saerTod, nebismieri gareTa
tanisamosis qveS Casacmeli da sacvlebi.
22
megruli
megr. abJo `kabis SigniT Casacmeli~ (qobalia 2010), paralelurad Cveni
masalebis mixedviT davadastureTAabJu.
megr. bandaJ-i (frang. bandage) `qirurgiuli elastikuri mWidro
Semosakravi~; teqn. `foladis salte orTqmavlis an vagonis Tvlisa
(borblisa)~ (qegli I, 2008). megrulSi saliteraturo enidan aris Sesuli.
megr. belio, bilio (rus. белие) `TeTreuli, sacvali~. voxvewudi,
belio gegmomTiresikoni `vexvewebodi, TeTreuli (sacvali) rom
gamoecvalaT~ (qajaia 2001). mocemuli sityva rusulidan aris Semosuli.
megr. kurTa `grZeli nifxavi~ || kurTa ofaxvalaia || kurTa kirkintami ||
kurTa kunta (mokle nifxavi) || kurTa xuWili || kurTa paWanakami do
upaWanako (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). kurTa `kvarTi, qveda sacvali~
(qobalia 2010). daq das kurTa qaTxua do vegedoxodava `dam das nifxavi
aTxova da ar daajdeo (uTxra)~ (qajaia II, 2002).
samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva Sexeduleba am sityvis
warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT:
v. abaevi qarT kvarT-i, kurtak-i adarebs zan (megr. kurTa `qveda
sacvali~) da os. koyr$$$$t || kur $$$$t `beSmeti~ (abaevi 1958, 609).
m. andronikaSvili adarebs am fuZis Semcvel sxvadasxva enobriv
monacems, kerZod: Wan. kurTa, megr. kurTa, qarT. kuarT-i `perangi, qveda
sacvali~, qarT. kurtak-i, soRduri kwrd’k || qwrty `perangi~, iran. kurt ||
kurta `Salis samoslis saxe~, os. koyræt `beSmeti~, Turq. körtö örtö örtö örtö
`daliandagebuli xalaTi~, lezgiuri kurt `mokle qurqi~. mkvlevars
aRniSnuli fuZe iranulidan momdinared miaCnia (andronikaSvili 1966,
223).
k. danelia Zv. qarT. kuarT-s `zeda tansacmeli~, qarT. kuarT-
(gankuarTva) `kvarTis gaxda, kvarTis kalTebis akecva~ ukavSirebs kolx.
kurTa `qveda sacvali~ (danelia 1991, 113).
iv. javaxiSvilic qarT. kuarT-s akavSirebs megr.-Wan. kurTa-sTan `qalis
perangi~ (masalebi 1962, 85, 91, 199).
23
g. rogavac iziarebs iv. javaxiSvilisa da k. danelias Tvalsazriss da
aRadgens *kvurTa formas, romelic ←←←← kvorTa–sgan miRebulad miaCnia
(rogava 1962, 90).
arn. Ciqobavac Zv. qarT. kuarT-s `juba, gina perangi~ akavSirebs zan.
kurTa-sTan `nifxavi~, Tumca amosavlad miaCnia ← *korT- ← *kvorT- v-s
dakargviT (o-s win) da Semdeg o-s daviwroebiT (Ciqobava 1938, 178).
i. yifSiZe aRniSnavs, rom megr. kurTa jer kidev mari brosem daakavSira
Zv. qarT. kuarT- fuZesTan (yifSiZe 1994, 263).
megr. leniS-i `lainisa, lurji narmisa; sacvlebi~ (qobalia 2010). sityva
struqturulad nanaTesaobiTari Cans (*leni-Si – leni `laini~, Si –
naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani).
megr. lifu || lif-i `lifi~, `qalis welzeviT tanisamosi usaxeloebo~.
igive sityva qarTulSic dasturdeba [holan. lijf rus. enis meSv.] qalis an
bavSvis tanisamosis nawili, wels zeviT mWidrod Casacmeli, usaxeloebo
(qegli IV, 1955).
megr. maTiral-i || moTiru || oma/oTiral-i `gamosacvleli; Semcvleli~
(qobalia 2010) || omaTire `sacvali~ (Cveni masala). es sityva warmoqmnili
fuZea. nawarmoebia Tirua `Secvla, gacvla zmnisagan, daniSnulebas
gamoxatavs, momavali drois vnebiTi gvaris mimReobaa (ix. laz. moqTiruS-
i).
megr. maika `maisuri an bluzis qveS Casacmeli perangiviT~ (Cveni
masala). es leqsema Semosulia rusulidan. Sdr. rus. майка `maisuri~.
megr. osare `perangi, xalaTi (zeviTa perangi, qveda perangi); urmis
nawili; kvarTi; momyoli (axalSobilisa); Ramis samosi (saRamuri)~
(qobalia 2010). vouRud kos osare do kurTa `ar hqonda aravis (kacs)
perangi da nifxavi (xubua 1937, 40). mniSvnelovania perangis iv.
javaxiSviliseuli aRweriloba: `perangs grZels keravdnen, muxlebamdis,
hqonda saxeloebi da sayelo. gverdebi garRveuli hqonda da amas Caqs
uwodeben; is sxvadasxva daniSnulebisa iyo: saRamos, dRis, abanosi.
(masalebi 1962, 242).
sxvadasxva avtorTa naSromebSi gvxvdeba megr. osare-s saxeobebi:
rkinaSi osare `abjari~ (Wanturia 1996, 220). osare, xeforCa do
24
o����aleSiani `perangi saxeloiani, sayeloiani~; osare uo����aleSe do kunta
xeforCami `usaxelo da moklemklaviani~; osare jamfeziSi `jamfezis
perangi, wiTlad SeRebili~; osare Carqami (Calika) `xamis perangi~
(koWebamde grZeli), koCiSi `kacisa~, osare baba����iSi, varda fsuSi `perangi
baba����is an selisa~; osare baiburiSi `biabequris perangi~; osare
gadiduliS `gadidulis perangi~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). megr. rSvil-
osare `jaWvis perangi~ (qobalia 2010); Cariqam-i osare `gverdebze Ziridan
aWrili perangi~; suS osare `selis perangi~ (kacebs ecvaT); (masalebi 1983,
245).
saanalizo sityva gvxvdeva SesityvebebSi:
megr. osare do kurTa `nifxav-perangi; sacvlebi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. osare do muSi amxanagi igivea, rac osare do kurTa `perangi da
misi amxanagi, nifxav-perangi~ (qajaia IV, 2009).
megr. saRamuri osare `saRamuri~. am mniSvnelobiT sxva sityvac
gvxvdeba: megr. saRamur-i ← qarT. saRamur-i `RamisaTvis gankuTvnili,
RamiT saxmari (Cveulebriv, tansacmeli)~ (qegli VI, 1960).
mocemuli leqsikuri erTeuli rTuli fuZis Semadgeneli sityvacaa _
oserafalo `perangisamara~ (qobalia 2010). is SeiZleba daiSalos martiv
fuZeebad: osare `perangi~ da falo `amara, carieli~.
megr. kifiS osare `kanafis perangi (jaWvis perangis SigniT xmarobdnen,
sxeuls icavda)~ (qobalia 2010).
dasturdeba kninobiTobis –ia-Ti nawarmoebi fuZec: osaria `ubadruki
perangi, patara perangi~ (qobalia 2010).
samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva Sexeduleba arsebobs am fuZis
Semcveli Ziris warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. m. Cuxua aRniSnavs, rom megr.
osare-Si adre ser-i `Rame~ fuZis Sesatyvis kanonzomier sar- fuZes
xedavdnen (gamyreliZe, maWavariani 1965, 160-170), rac ar aris marTebuli.
zanuri osare kanonzomierad asaxavs saerToqarTvelur *a-sal-a fuZes,
oRond Tanamedrove osare uZvelesi *osora-(Á) formisagan (qarT. a : zan.
o, qarT. l : zan. r) momdinareobs. Sua safexurad aRdgeba *osora-(Á),
sadac inlauturi o a-Si momdevno –a sufiqsis zegavleniT gadavida.
25
auslauturi e zanurSi a-Á Tanmimdevrobis gviandel realizacias
warmoadgens.
maSasadame: qarT. asal-i `cxenis zurgze gadafarebuli qsovili~; gur.
asala `qeCa kexis qveS dasafeni~, svan. ����os����r (zs., lnt.), ����osar (lSx.)
`Coxa~. s.qarTv. *a-sal-a `qeCa, Coxa, perangi~ → asala → || asal-i. zan.
osare ←←←← *osara-(&&&&) ←←←← osora(&&&&). svan. ����os����r || ����osar || (�)�)�)�)os����l (Cuxua 2000-
2003, 224).
megr. piJamo. Sdr. qarT. piJama (ing. pyjamas induridan) 1) `saSinao an
RamiT Casacmeli tanisamosi; Sedgeba Sarvlisa da kurtakisagan~; 2)
`indoeTSi – Txeli qsovilis ganieri Sarvali~ (qegli VI, 1960). rogorc
vxedavT, sityva ucxo warmomavlobisaa da megrulSi SesaZloa
saliteraturo enis meSveobiT aris damkvidrebuli (ix. laz. piJama).
megr. reituz-i `grZeli qveda sacvali~. Sdr. qarT. reituz-i `naqsovi
grZeli qveda sacvali~. is germanuli warmomavlobis sityvaa (Sdr. germ.
reitouzen ̀ cxenze sajdomi Sarvali~), romelic rusulis meSveobiT aris
qarTulSi damkvidrebuli (qegli VI, 1960) da aqedan Sesulia megrulSi.
megr. sagulo `TasyunTisagan Sekerili, zolebiani, sirmiT moqarguli,
qalebs ecvaT SigniT kabasaviT, mkerdi gawyobili iyo vercxliT, oqroTi
an Zvirfasi TvlebiT, saxelos bolos enasaviT Sverili faravda xelis
guls; foCebi hqonda saucxood mowyobili; sayelo ar hqonda~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434). sagulo nawarmoebia sa-o daniSnulebis prefiqs-sufiqsiT
gul- Zirisagan.
megr. yanTar-i || kanTar-i `lifi~ (yifSiZe 1994), yanTar-i `qalis
welzeviT tanisamosi usaxeloebo~ (Sdr. gur. yantari) (Waraia 1997).
naguralenq ebyariT�, monZaluna yanTarefi `rCeulebi (guladebi)
avmoZravdiT, gvmetoben qalebi~ (xubua 1937, 358). yanTar-i `samkerduli,
lifi, naqsovi kostumi, romelic bavSvs ecva siarulis dawyebidan 6-7
wlis asakamde, rom kargi saCoxe Tu sakabe tani hqonoda (qobalia 2010).
megr. Caraqa `Careqiani perangi, muxlebs qvemoT swvdeboda~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434). Caraqa, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT osare-sNnawilic aris.
misi paraleluri forma Cans megr. Careq-i `mamakacis grZeli perangis
qveda gverdgaxsnil nawils Careqs uwodeben. amitom perangsac Careqam
26
osares eZaxdnen~ (masalebi 1983, 241) || Carqam-i || Carqam osare `xamis
perangi koWebamde grZeli, xelis dazgaze selisagan moqsovili, romlis
sayelo zonrebiT ikvreboda~. SeiZleba am fuZes Seicavdes gvari
CareqiSvili).
megr. CeS-i `kacis perangi~. Zvelad kacebs grZeli perangi ecvaT,
muxlebamdis, qalebs ki – koWebamdis~ (masalebi 1983, 241). vfiqrobT,
mocemuli sityva nanaTesaobiTaria (*Ce-Si – Ce `TeTri~, -Si NnaTesaobiTi
brunvis niSani. e. i. etimologiurad niSnavs *`TeTrisa~).
megr. xabarda `qalis tanisamosi mavTulebiani, kabis qveS Casacmeli~
(Waraia 1997; masalebi 1983, 244).
lazuri
laz. doloxeni gejeluRi `sacvali~. zedmiw. `SigniTa perangi~.
(diumezili 2009, 24). gejeluRi baxCiSi qomeCeren `Ramis perangi saCuqrad
miucia~ (Tandilava 2013). sityvis istoriisTvis ix. laz. gejeluRi.
laz. eSkaqunaSe `perangis SigniT Casacmeli sacvali~ (uzunhasanoRlu,
bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. iJdon-i (xof.) da misi fonetikuri variantebi || iSTon-i (arq.) ||
don-i `nifxavi, qveda sacvali~ (Sdr. Turq. icdon) (Tandilava 2013) || iSdon-
i (amse, Taini 2004).
laz. kurTa `qalis qvedasacvali koWebamde~ (Tandilava 2013). oxorjaSi
kurTa elakoreri imtu `qalis qvedascvalaxveuli gaiqca~ (Ciqobava 1936,
48). mas hqonda `Sarvlis~ mniSvnelobac: miTi na mimagatu ―`merheba,
kurTa!~ miwumertes. `vinc Semxvdeboda ―`gamarjoba Sarvals!~ ―
meubnebodnen~ (asaTiani 1974, 29). saintereso forma dasturdeba furtunas
xeobaSi: kurTaste (furt.) `(qalebze) nifxavisamara~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bu-
jakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). megr.-laz kurTas Sesaxeb ix. megr. kurTa.
laz. meSaqunu (viw.) || meSkanqunu (aTin.) 1. `SigniT Casacmeli~. 2.
`perangi, faneli~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. monqTuru || oqTuru (furt.) `sufTa sacvali~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bu-
jakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). nawarmoebia laz. qT- `cvla~ Zirisagan.
laz. ÁeleR-i `lifi~. erT-erTi mTqmelis ganmartebiT, yovelgvar
uxelo Casacmels ÁeleRi-s eZaxian (Cveni masala). ÁeleRi, agreTve,
ganmartebulia rogorc `Jileti~ (Tandilava 2013). miS ÁeleRis miSi kopWa
27
gioCani `vis Jiletze visi folaqi (kopWa) daabi~ (kartozia 1972, 213). Sdr.
qarT. (gur. aWar.) eleg-i 1. mamakacis welzeviTa tansacmeli, usaxeloebo,
RilebiT Sesakvreli, icvamen Coxis qveS, _ Jileti. 2. qalis welzeviTa
samosi, usaxeloebo, icvamen gul-mkerdis dasafaravad da Sesakravad, _
lifi. Sdr. Turq. yelek `Jileti~. es sityva lazurSi, gurulsa da
aWarulSi Turqulidan unda iyos Semosuli.
$ 4. zeda samosi
mocemul paragrafSi SeiZleba gamoiyos ori qvejgufi: 1) zogadi
saxelebi, romlebic am jgufSi Semaval elementTa zogadi
saxelwodebania da 2) kerZo saxelebi, romlebic moicavs am jgufSi
Semaval elemetTa konkretul saxeobebs.
1) zogadi saxelebi
megruli
megr. Jidoiani mikaqunal-i || Jidoian-i || Jidon-i || eSeian-i `zemodan
Casacmeli, tanzeda || zeda samosi~ (Cveni masala).
lazuri
laz. eÁonqunaSe || goÁonqunaSe 1. `zeda Casacmeli zogadad~. 2.
`bluza~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. moqunuS-i (mo-qun-u-Si) `mosasxami~ (zedmiw. `mosacmlisa~);
mTqmelis ganmartebiT, is aris garedan, zemodan mosacmeli (maT Soris,
palto da pijaki) || moJaqunuS-i || moqunuS-i (moJa-qun-u-Si || mo-qun-u-Si)
`mosacmeli~ (gaxsnili) || geJaqunuSi (geJa-qun-u-Si) `zemodan Casacmeli an
mosacmeli~ || eJaqunuS-i (eJa-qun-u-Si) `mosacmeli~ (masala) || SqaS Jin do-
loqunu (dolo-qun-u) `zeda Casacmeli~ (Ciqobava 1929, 151).
mocemuli lazuri zeda samoslis aRmniSvneli saxelebi warmoqmnilia,
daniSnulebas gamoxataven, nawarmoebia qun- `Cacma~ Zirisagan, axlavs:
moJa-, geJa-, eJa- zmniswinebi, romlebic fardia qarTuli mo- da da-
28
zmniswinebisa. moqunuSis semantikisaa moJaqunuSi, eJaqunuSi da
nanaTesaobiTari saxelebia (-Si – naT. brunvis niSani).
2) konkretuli saxelebi
megruli
megr. axalux-i, axaÁux-i `axaluxi~ (Sdr. kaba) (yifSiZe 1994).
literaturidan cnobilia, rom axaluxi ikereboda an abreSumisagan, an
matylgareuli abreSumisagan, bambagareuli abreSumisagan (masalebi 1983,
246) (ix. laz. Ziqva-axalux-i `Coxa-axaluxi" (Cveni masala). qarTulSic
dasturdeba axalux-i Semdegi mniSvnelobiT: 1. welSi gamoyvanili
(naoWasxmuli an Caqebdayrili) Casacmeli mamakacisa, welamde
sarCuldadebuli; Ril-kiloebiT Sesakravi; sayeloiani, viwro
saxeloebiani (Cveulebriv Coxis qveS Casacmeli). 2. rTuli fuZis meore
Semadgeneli nawili. Coxa-axaluxi (qegli I, 2008).
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, axaluxi Turquli sityvaa, romelic ori
nawilisgan Sedgeba: axa da lux. axa-s sruli da Tavdapirveli
mniSvneloba aWaruls aqvs daculi, sadac iaxa-s xmaroben tanisamosis
zedatanis sayelos aRsaniSnavad. Turquli jaka kides, napirs da
tanisamosis sayelos ewodeba, lik an luk ki ganyenebul cnebaTa
mawarmoebeli Turquli bolosarTia. TurqulSi TviT termin ჲჲჲჲayaluy-i an
ჲჴჲჴჲჴჲჴaluk-i arsebobs da sayelos gasakeTeblad gankuTvnil maudis an
qurqis naWers niSnavs (masalebi 1962, 152).
megr. bluza `qalis an mamakacis zeda Casacmeli naxevrad CaRiluli
(qajaia I, 2001). note ginmurTinuas WiTa bluzaT, vara RarTo `netavi
gadamaqcia wiTel xalaTad, anda Coxad~ (samuSia 1971, 99). qarT. bluz-i,
bluza (bluzisa) [fran. blouse rus. enis meSv.] mamakacis xalvaTi zeda
tansacmeli, romelzedac qamars irtyamen, _ xalaTi (qegli I, 2008).
rogorc Cans, sityva ucxo enidan aris Semosuli, xolo megrulSi
qarTulis gziT aris damkvidrebuli. ix. laz. bluza.
megr. kastum-i `pijaki~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. костюм `tansacmeli,
tanisamosi, kostumi~. qarTulSic dasturdeba kostiumi || kostum-i. qegli-
29
s mixedviT, is Sedarebulia frang. costume-Tan, romelsac aqvs
mniSvnelobebi: 1. adamianis tansacmeli. nacionaluri kostumi. 2.
mamakacis Tanamedrove samosis sruli kompleqti (pijaki, Jileti,
Sarvali) (qegli IV, 1955). rogorc Cans, sityva frangulia, iqidan aris
rusulSi gavrcelebuli, rusulidan Semosulia qarTulSi da misi
meSveobiT damkvidrebulia megrulSi.
megr. kitel-i `zeda Casacmeli~ || kitei. (Cveni masala). mTqmelis
ganmartebiT, kostumiviT Sekerili, galife SarvalTan Casacmeli zeda
samoselia. es sityva qarTulSic dasturdeba, romelic ganmartebulia,
rogorc `samxedro formis qurTuki (Cveulebriv sazafxulo)~. kitel-i
ucxo, germanuli warmomavlobis sityvad aris miCneuli. Sdr. germ. kittel
rusuli enis meSveobiT aris Semosuli qarTulSi (qegli IV, 1955).
megrulSi is qarTulis gziT unda iyos damkvidrebuli. ix. laz. kiteli.
megr. rubaSqa `perangi, xalaTi~ (qajaia II, 2002) || rubaSka (Cveni masala).
Ce rubaSqa dogiWu do hava giqaqaluans `TeTri xalaTi Segikeravs da
haeri (niavi) giqiqinebs~ (samuSia 1971, 235). Sdr. rus. рувашка. mas igive
mniSvneloba udasturdeba. Cans, rom sityva rusulidan aris Semosuli
megrulSi.
megr. saroCka `perangi~ (mamakacis an kacis garedan Casacmeli gaxsnili,
Rilebiani) (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. сорочка `perangi~. es sityva megrulSi
rusulidanaa damkvidrebuli.
megr. talma `qalis zeda Casacmeli~ (qajaia IV, 2009). a. Wanturia
aRniSnavs, rom es igivea, rac qaTiba (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. forCa `selis Zafisagan naqsovi~ (Waraia 1997). xolo yifSiZesTan
forCa `perangi, xalaTi (zeviTa) uxeSi Zafisagan xeliT moqsovili~
(yifSiZe 1994). qaTirCes forCa falo `qveS daiges mxolod forCa~ (qajaia
III, 2002). es leqsema dasturdeba lazurSic. sityvis warmomavlobisTvis
ix. xeforCa.
megr. q����nz-i `tyavisa iyo, saxeloebi ar hqonda. zeviT Casacmelad
xmarobdnen~ (masalebi 1983, 244; qajaia III, 2002).
megr. q����nC-i || q����nC���� `zeda Casacmeli tyavisa~. cxvars gaatyavebdnen,
saTanadod daamuSavebdnen da saxeloian grZel `q�nC�s~ ikeravdnen
30
(masalebi 1983, 241). arZaq q�nC� diiWes oSi koCiq `yvelam q�nC� Seikeres,
asma kacma~ (xubua 1937, 262).
megr. jempr-i `zemodan Casacmeli naqsovi uRilebo, yeliani an uyelo~.
is SeiZleba iyos: dabali kiserami (jempri) `dabalyeliani~ da xurxami
(jempri) || kiserami (jempri) `yeliani~. es sityva dasturdeba qarTulSic:
jemper-i (jempr-i). is qarTulis meSveobiT aris megrulSi Sesuli.
qarTuli forma ki Sedarebuli aris imave mniSvnelobis ingl. jumper-Tan.
(qegli VIII, 1964).
lazuri
laz. anTer-i || (r-s dakargviT) anTe-Á `qalis zeda mokle tansacmeli,
qalis zeda xalaTi (umklavo)~ (Tandilava 2013). buSluRi mu Rodaftu,
Razi-anTeri muSi `meSluRi (xuTTumniani oqros fuli) rad undoda CiTis
xalaTi misi!~ (kartozia 1972, 207). mTqmelebis ganmartebiT, laz. anTer-i ||
anTe-Á aris `kacis zeda Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala). anTer-i warmoqmnili
sityva Cans.
lazurSi dasturdeba am fuZidan nawarmoebi anTeron-i `anTerCacmuli~
(*anTer-on-i zedmiw. `anTeriani~) (lazuris fondi).
laz. bluza || burza `xalaTi~ (Tandilava 2013). na-moZitu Sarvali do
bluzafe, gamosTu `rom ecva Sarvali da bluzebi, gaZvra~ (JRenti 1938,
87). es sityva dasturdeba qarTulSi (romlis wyarod franguli enis
monacemi aris miCneuli) da megrulSi, sadac es sityva qarTulidan aris
Sesuli, xolo lazurSi SeiZleba is Turqulis gziT iyos
damkvidrebuli. || ruza (viw.) || burza (furt., xof.) 1. `sqeli naWrisagan
damzadebuli Jiletis formis grZelmklaviani samosi~. 2. `dRevandeli
monadiris samosis msgavsi didi da farTo jibiani Jileti~. 3. (furt.)
`skolis winsafari~. 4. `qalis zeda samosi, bluza~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bu-
jakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kasTum-i `kostiumi (pijaki)~ (Tandilava 2013). aÁa koCiq qÁuWofu
kasTumi do Sarvali `am kacma uyida kostiumi da pijaki~ (kartozia 1972,
143). misi warmomavlobisTvis ix. megr. kastum-i.
31
laz. kitel-i `mamakacis Casacmeli (zeda)~ (Cveni masala). sityvis
istoriisTvis ix. megr. kitel-i.
laz. ko����ta || ko����Ta || kofta `kofTa~; `perangi~ (Tandilava 2013; uzunha-
sanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). SqaS Jin-na doloquns, ko�Ta ren
`wels zeviT rom acvia, kofTa aris~ (Tandilava 2013). am mniSvnelobiTY
qarTulSi dasturdeba kofTa, romelic rusulidan aris Semosuli. Sdr
rus. кофта (qegli IV, 1955). es leqsema gvxvdeba megrulSic.
laz. saroCka `perangi~ (asaTiani 1974, 102). sityvis istoriisTvis ix.
megr. saroCka.
laz. forCa `perangi~ (Tandilava 2013); him forCa biTum dicxiri dotu
`is perangi mTlad sisxli gaxada~ (Ciqobava 1936, 118). mTqmelebis
ganmartebiT – `kaba~ (Cveni masala). gvxvdeba am fuZidan nawarmoebi
forCasTe `perangis amara~. ix. megr. forCa.
laz. ����anela `zeda Casacmeli~ (Sdr. Turq. fanila) (uzunhasanoRlu, bujak-
liSi, aleqsiva). ix. megr. fanel-i.
$ 5. qveda samosi
am paragrafSi gaerTianebulia qveda kaba da Sarvali, romlebic
zogadi mniSvnelobisaa da agreTve, maTi konkretuli saxelebi.
megruli
megr. gimeiani || gimeiani kaba `qveda kaba~ (Cveni masala). am
mniSvnelobiT megrulSi ucxo warmomavlobis iuka || iubkac gvxvdeba
(yifSiZe 1994), romelic momdinareobs rusulidan. Sdr. rus. юбка.iuka
gamkinwyu `qvedakaba gaixada~ (xubua 1937, 140).
megr. Salvar-i || Saluar-i || Sa&&&&var-i `Sarvali~. si Ziqva migoxiruni,
TiTi jgiri koCi �oferenia `Sen Sarvali rom mogpara, isic kargi kaci
yofilao~ (qajaia III, 2002) ← qarT. Sarval-i ← spars. šššš����lvlvlvlvar ar ar ar
(andronikaSvili 1966, 213).
Sarvlis sxvadasxvava saxe gamoiyofa:
32
megr. afxazur-i Sarval-i (masalebi 1983, 246).
megr. galife Sarval-i `galife Sarvali~ – muxlebs qvemoT viwrod da
zemoTa nawilSi farTod gamoyvanili Sarvali. am saxis Sarvali
dasturdeba qarTulSic. sityva ucxo warmomavlobisaa. Sdr. frang.
Galliffet, romelic rusuli enis meSveobiT damkvidrda qarTulSi (qegl I,
2008).
megr. Ziqva || Z����qva `erTgvari welSi anaoWebuli da totebmoviwroebuli
Sarvali, romlis Cacma SeiZleboda Seubrunebladac, radgan winac da
ukanac erTnairi iyo, hqonda Rilebi, sartyeli da welze magrdeboda
xvanjriT (kurTalariT); upiratesad iqsoveboda xeliT, yaisnaRiT,
ZiriTadad icvamdnen moxucebi da balRebi~ (qobalia 2010). Ziqva
lazurSic dasturdeba.
lazuri
laz. gotkimale `qveda kaba~. SqaS Tudeni gotkimale ren `wels qvemoT
(qveda) qveda kaba aris~ (Tandilava 2013). es fuZe warmoqmnilia,
nawarmoebia gotkimu `Semortyma~ zmnuri formisgan (*go-tkim-al-e).
laz. iubka `qvedabolo~ (Cveni masala). warmomavlobisTvis ix. megr.
iubka || iuka.
laz. Sarax-i `erTgvari Sarvali~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Sarval-i || Salvar-i || Saval-i || SarvaÁ (Sdr. Turq. šalvaršalvaršalvaršalvar). Salvari
_ Sibi goSadvaleri iyven `Sarvalze Snuri (naWris) gayrili iqneba~
(Ciqobava 1929, 15). rogorc zemoT, megrul masalaze msjelobisas
aRvniSneT, Sarval-i qarTulis meSveobiT aris Sesuli megrulSi, magram
lazuri erTeulebi Sedarebulia TurqulTan (Tandilava 2013).
SesaZlebelia is Turqulis gziT damkvidrda lazurSi.
lazurSic Sarvlis sxvadasxva saxe gamoiyofa:
megrulis msgavsad, lazurSic dasturdeba Ziqva→|| (dezafrikatizaciiT)
zipka || Ziфa (xof.) || Zikva (viw.) || wikva (aTin.) `Sarvali~, `Coxa~. Zikva
gelebudviko Toqme Sarvali-kala `Ziqva damedo ... SarvalTan erTad~
33
(Ciqobava 1929, 68). es fuZe gamovlenilia SesityvebaSi: Ziqva-axalux-i `Co-
xa-axaluxi" (Cveni masala).
laz. duz-i Sarval-i `swori, inglisuri SarvaliviT~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. laz. duzi `swori~.
laz. mkule || kule SarvaÁ `mokle Sarvali~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. laz.
mkule || kule `mokle~.
laz. Sibilon-i Salvar-i `zonriani Sarvali~ (Ciqobava 1929, 150). Sdr.
laz. Sib-i `Snuri, zonari (naWris)~ (Tandilava 2013), misgan –on sufiqsiT
unda iyos nawarmoebi Sibiloni.
laz. golфффф----i || galiффффe || kalife || kalive (g-s gamkveTrebiT) (asaTiani
1974, 36; Cveni masala). misi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb ix. megr, galife.
laz. fonTul-i || fonTolon-i `Sarvali~ (Sdr. frang.-Turq. pantolon)
(Tandilava 2013) || fontul-i (aTin.) `Sarvali~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakli-
Si, aleqsiva 2007). aÁa fonToloni en `es Sarvali aris~ (Ciqobava 1929,
150). rogorc Cans, sityva Turqulis gziT aris damkvidrebuli lazurSi.
laz. torvela 1. (Cxal.) `moSvebuli Sarvali~. 2. (furt.) `ulamazod,
usufTaod Cacmuli~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. Wak-Wirina `Txeli qsovilisagan Sekerili Sarvali~ (Tandilava
2013; uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
sityva Sarval-i orive jgufisTvis, rogorc megrulisTvis, aseve
lazurisTvis, Sarvlis zogad saxeladac SeiZleba moviazroT.
$ 6. mosasxami, mosacmeli
am paragrafSi gaerTianebulia ori jgufi: 1) zogadi saxelebi,
romlebic moicavs am jgufSi Semaval elementTa zogad saxelwodebebs
da 2) kerZo – am jgufSi Semaval elementTa konkretuli saxelwodebani.
1) zogadi saxelebi
megruli
34
megr. maqunal-i || ginaqunal-i `mosasxami~; `Casacmeli~ (masalebi 1983,
243); || galen-i ginaqunal-i `garedan mosacmeli~ || galeian-i `gareTa~ ||
galen-i mukaqunal-i || m����kaqunal-i `garedan Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
lazuri
am jgufis lazuri saxelebi saziaroa tanzemoT Casacmeli zogadi
saxelebisa. ix. am qveTavis $ 4.
2) konkretuli saxelebi
megruli
megr. anafora || anafara `anafora~ || mafor-i `saburveli, anafora,
onfori, xucis samosi, mfarveli~ (qobalia 2010). anafara formaT uRu,
oma�al� abragebc `anafora formad aqvs, megobrobs yaCaRebTan (qajaia I,
2002). Sdr. qarT. anafora (berZn. anaphoro) `mRvdlis samosi, farTo da
grZeli~ (qegli I, 2008).
megr. barWoS-i `grZelbewviani, Wavliani nabadi, iTeleboda
daxuWuWebuli, narCeni an sagangebod daupentavi boWkosagan~. barWoS
nabad-i || barWoSi. barWo ―grZeli bewvi, Wavli nabdisa; matylis narCeni
gapentvis Sedeg (qobalia 2010).
megr. biniS-i `erTgvari naqsovi mosasxami~ (qobalia 2010). es SeiZleba
nanaTesaobiTari saxelia, bin- `Sebneva~ Zirze naTesaobiTi brunvis –iS
niSnis darTviT miRebuli.
megr. garoz-i `naqsovi, mosasxami~ (Waraia 1997); `Tavsaxuravi~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434). garoziSi Sarfi uRudu `garozis Sarfi
hqonda~ (qajaia I, 2002). Sdr. aWar. guruz-i `qsovisas erT-erTi svla~
(Tvlis wamateba). imer., raW. garoz-i `naqsovi mosasxami~, rus. гарусъ
(beriZe 1912).
35
megr. gaforafal-i `Semosafari, Semosaburi (nabadi)~ (qobalia 2010). igi
momdinareobs for- `dafarva~ zmnur Zirze ga- zmniswinisa da -al
sufiqsis darTviT.
megr. gaqunal-i `dasaburi, mosasxami, SesafuTi~ (qobalia 2010). leqsema
miRebulia qun- Zirze ga- zmniswinisa da -al sufiqsis darTviT.
megr. gvabana `wamosasxami~. mzaddeboda matylisagan, nabadiviT TovlSi,
qarsa da wvimaSi zeviT Casacmelad. gvabana muxlamde iyo, saxeloiani
(masalebi 1983, 244-245). gvabana `qeCa~ (kilanava 1998; qajaia I, 2001).
megr. ginoqvenj-i (ginoqvinji) `yaryumis, siasamuris an wavis bewv-
gadakruli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). mis warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT
ix. mikoqvenji.
megr. kapuW-i `mosasxami mTeli tanis sigrZeze, ikvreboda erTi kaviT,
abreSumis, zoliani, gawyobili oqroTi da sxva ZvirfaseulebiT~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434). `cxvris an Txis gamoqnili tyavi da misgan
damzadebuli tyapuWi, abga, guda da sxv.~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. koWilulu `mTlianad sirmiT moqarguli maudis an abreSumis
mosasxami (JaketiviT), saxelo idayvamde hqonda~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. libad-i `labada~ (qobalia 2010). warmomavlobisaTvis ix. laz.
labada.
megr. mosasxan `qalis zeviTa Casacmeli, saxeloebi ar hqonda,
abreSumisa da Salisagan keravdnen, gverdebSi iqiT-aqeT moyvanili iyo,
mTlianad mZivebiT gawyobili. igi muxlebamde wvdeboda, tolmaze ufro
mokle iyo~ (masalebi 1983, 243).
megr. nabad-i `nabadi; Teqa~. nabadam-i `nabdiani~ (sokos jiSi) (qobalia
502). aleiaq gegni�oT muSi WiTa nabadia `aleqsandrem gadaigdo Tavisi
wiTeli nabadi~ (xubua 1937, 159). javaxuri nabada `vaSlis jiSia, Zalian
msxmoiarea, sqeli qerqi aqvs~ (beriZe 1981). javax. nabd-i xmal-i
`nabdisagan gakeTebuli xmali~ (beriZe 1981). zogierTi avtoris
mosazrebiT, qarT. nabad-i sxva enebTan aris dakavSirebuli. kerZod: qarT.
nabad-i, iran. nymet nimæt `qeCa, nabadi~, os. namata `qeCa~, Zv. ind. namata, arab.
namat (abaevi 1973). Sdr. megr. uCanabadam-i `Savnabdiani, WianWvelas
36
tabuirebuli saxeli (WianWvelas ar axseneben, roca abreSumis Wia uziT)~
(qobalia 2010). am sityvis warmomavlobisTvis ix. laz. labada || libadi.
megr. ortafi-SarSaf-i `naqsovi, abreSumis, Wreli da farTo,
Semosakravi ~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). kompozitia, miRebuli megr.
ortaf-i da Turquli čaršaf `zewari~ sityvisagan.
megr. toloma || tol����ma `nabadiviT mosasxami qalisa, usaxeloebo
(masalebi 1983, 243).
megr. qeCa `Teqa, SeuRebavi nabadi~ (qobalia 2010). qarTulSic
dasturdeba qeCa, romelic ganmartebulia rogorc `nabadi~ da
Sedarebulia Turq. kečččče fuZesTan, rac niSnavs: `qeCa, Teqa~ (qegli VII,
1962).
megr. qun-i `dasaxuri, saban-gobani, saburveli; nabadi, gare mosasxami~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. qunC-i `qurqi, bewviani mosasxami~ (qajaia III, 2002); `sazogado
saxeli qurqisa, jubisa, gvabanakisa, tyapuWisa; gadabrunrbuli tyavi,
zurgze mosasxami, sazamTro samosia erTgvari, nabdis saTbura~ (qobalia
2010). qunCi WyiSiS ginaqunali re, CxuruSe do WvimaSe icvens `qunCi~
mwyemsis wamosasxamia, sicivisa da wvimisagan icavs~ (xubua 1937, 69). Sdr.
qunCa || qunCar-i `tyapuWiani, bewviani~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. leCx. qunC-i
`qurqi, bewviani wamosasxxami~ (Rlonti 1984).
lazuri
laz. kabalaxuntka `mosasxami, romelic Txis tyavisagan mzaddeba,
wyalgaumtaria~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kirki || kiki `mosacmeli (Zvirfasi – oqrosi)~ (Tandilava 2013).
neÁmes moZitu kirki alTuniSi `neimes ecva oqros mosacmeli~ (JRenti 1938,
170).
laz. labada || libadi `zed Tbili Casacmeli bambis~; `mosasxami~.
saanalizo fuZis istoriisTvis ix. laz. labada samoslis saxeobebSi.
nabdis mniSvnelobiT lazurSi dasturdeba, agreTve, ÁamC-i || ÁamW-i
(Tandilava 2013), romelic SeiZleba momdinareobs Turqulidan. Sdr.
37
Turq. yamči. ÁamCi homuJikidu mxujis `nabadi gadaikida zurgze~ (kartozia
1972, 36).
laz. Cepqen-i `maudis grZelmklaviani mosasxami gaxsnili mklavebiT~
(Sdr. Turq. Cepken) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. jubbe `anafora~ (arab. cubbe) (Tandilava 2013). qodiliqunu jubbe
`Caicva anafora~ (kartozia 1970, 27). Sdr. qarT. juba 1. `ganieri
wamosasxami xalaTi~. 2. `dabambuli kurtaki~ (qegli VIII, 1964).
I qveTavSi, romelic tanisamoss exeba, masala sakmaod farTod
gamovlinda. es qveTavi paragrafebad aris dayofili. masSi aRwerili da
ganxiluli aris tanisamosis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi., romlebic
ZiriTadad warmoqmnili saxelebia, nawarmoebi saerToqarTveluri qun-
Zirisagan. am qveTavSi, garda zogadi saxelebisa, ganxilulia samoslis
konkretuli saxelebi, romelsac gaudiferencirebeli vuwodeT da Semdeg
ki davajgufeT samoseli adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. Sesabamisad,
gamoiyo: SigniTa samosi, zeda samosi, qveda samosi, mosasxami. semantikur
analizTan erTad ganvixileT maTi struqtura. gamovlinda martivi, da
rTuli saxelebi, sakuTriv megrul-lazuri, saerToqarTveluri da ucxo
warmomavlobisa.
II qveTavi
fexsamosi
am qveTavSi ganxilulia fexsamosi. gamoiyofa: 1) zogadi – jgufSi
Semaval elementTa zogadi saxelwodebani da 2) kerZo –konkretuli
saxelwodebani anu fexsamosis saxeobebi.
$ 1. fexsamosi
1) zogadi saxelebi
megruli
megr. madvalar-i (ma-dval-ar-i) `fexsacmeli~ (qobalia 2010)
warmoqmnili fuZea, nawarmoebia megr. dvala `deba~ zmnisagan. warmoebis
38
mixedviT mimReobaa, gamoxatavs daniSnulebas, zedmiw. niSnavs `(fexze)
mosadebi~ (martvilurSi madvalar-i iTqmis, rogorc tanisamosis, aseve
fexsacmlis Sesaxebac). am mniSvnelobiT dasturdeba Sesityvebac da
rTuli sityvac: kuCxiSi madvalar-i || kuCx����modval-i || kuCx����modvalu/����.
isini SeiZleba daiSalos kuCxiS- an kuCx- `fexis~ da madvali an
madvalari `mosacmeli, mosadebi~. kuCxiS naTesaobiTi brunvis formaa,
romelic gamartivebuli saxiTac gvxvdeba, Cavardnilia naTesaobiTi
brunvis niSani -iS, sityvis meore komponenti, rogorc vxedavT, aris
modval-i || madvalar-i. msgavsi warmoeba gvaqvs lazurSic. warmoebis
mxriv, qarTulSic msgavsi viTarebaa. Sdr. qarT. fex-sa-cm-el-i.
lazuri
laz. modvalu (mo-dval-u) || modvaluS-i (mo-dval-u-Si) `fexsamosi
(zogadad)~ (Tandilava 2013) || kuCxeS-i modvalu/i || kuCxeSi modvaluSi
`fexsacmeli~ (mari 1910, Cveni masala). warmoebis mxriv, mocemuli fuZeebi
warmoqmnilia. megrulis msgavsad, sayrdeni fuZe nawarmoebia dval-
zmnuri Zirisagan. modvalu || modvaluSi daniSnulebis saxelebia, sadac
zmnur ZirTan erTad gamoiyofa mo- zmniswini, –u sawyisis mawarmoebeli
da –Si – naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani, romelic daniSnulebis funqcias
asrulebs, xolo rTul fuZeebSi: kuCxeS-i modvalu/i || kuCxeSi modvaluSi
pirveli Semadgeneli nawili aris kuCxe `fexi~ naTesaobiTi brunvis
formiT: kuCxe-S || kuCxe-Si `fexis~.
2) fexsamosis konkretuli saxelwodebani
fexsamosSi gamovyaviT sami jgufi: 1) fexsacmlis saxeobebi, 2)
fexsacmeli formis mixedviT.
1) fexsacmlis saxeobebi
am qvejgufSi gaerTianebulia fexsacmlis saxeobebi: qoSebi, Custebi,
Ceqmebi, winda-fexsacmeli; formis mixedviT: qusliani, maRalyeliani,
uyelo || dabalyeliani, msxvil an wvrilcxviriani; masalis mixedviT:
39
rezinis, matylis, qsovilis, xis; xarisxis mixedviT: Zveli, uvargisi,
ubralo, Zvirfasi, mdidruli; daniSnulebis mixedviT: glexuri,
sportuli, bavSvis, qalis, wuRis qveS Casacmeli, sacekvao, mTaSi,
Tovlze, WaobSi sasiarulo; gamovlenilia iseTi saxeobebi, romlebic
ganmartebulia, rogorc `erTgvari fexsacmeli~, ar aris gansazRvruli
maTi daniSnuleba. fexsacmlis jgufSi gamoiyofa iseTi saxeobebic,
romelTa saxelwodeba gamomdinareobs fexsacmlis sawarmoeblad
gamoyenebuli masalisagan. maSasadame, fexsacmlis saxeebi gamoyofilia:
formis, masalis, daniSnulebis mixedviT. mniSvnelovania leqsikur
erTeulTa struqtura ― gvaqvs rogorc martivi, aseve nawarmoebi
sityvebi; mniSvnelovania maTi sxva enebTan mimarTebis sakiTxi. radganac
TiToeul saxeobas gaaCnia ramdenime maxasiaTebeli erTdroulad, amitom
maT saxeobebSi vaerTianebT da cal-calke jgufebad ar ganvixilavT.
megruli
megr. Cafla || Cafula (masalebi 1983, 243) `fexsacmeli~ || Caf����la || Cafia
`fexsacmeli~, `qalamani~ (xis qerqisagan mzaddeba) (yifSiZe 1994) || Cafila.
baRanas Cafla kvarCxiSe qumudval� `bavSvs fexsacmeli ukuRma Caucvams~
(Cveni masala). Sdr. laz. Cafla (Tandilava 2013) || Cafula || Cabla `wuRa~
(mari 1910); qarT. Cafula `ferÃis sacmeli~ (saba II, 1993). Zv. qarT. Cafla
1) `qalamani~ (abulaZe 1973); 2) `Ceqmaze Casacmeli maSia, galoSis msgavsi~
(javaxiSvili 1930, 219-220). qarT. Cafula (imer.) `uquslo, dabalyeliani
fexsacmeli, _ wuRa~ (qegli VII, 1962).
Cafula-s formis Sesaxeb iv. javaxiSvili wers: `Cafula da wuRa
erTnairad ikereba, cxviri wvetiani aqvs, kalapoti sworia da amitomac
marjvena da marcxena Cafula erTi meorisagan ar gairCeva~ (masalebi 1983,
249).
saanalizo sityva rTuli fuZis Semadgeneli nawilia. kerZod:
kuCxCafulam-i (kuCx-Caful-am-i – kuCx- `fexi~, Caful-am-i `(fex)sacmliani),
kuCxuCafule (kuCx-u-Caful-e _ kuCx- `fexi~, u-Cafl-e u(fex)-sacml-o)
`fexSiSveli~ (qajaia II, 2002).
40
sityvis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania, rom es fuZe Sedarebulia sxva
enis monacemTan: qarT. Cafula `fexsacmeli~, svan. Zab����r `fexsacmeli~,
svan. Caf����l `wuRi~, zan (m) Cafula || Cafola `qalamani~, zan (W) Cafula,
os. 0000abir `wuRi~ (abaevi 1958, 387).
mocemuli sityvis istoriis Sesaxeb msjelobs k. danelia. mas miaCnia,
rom qarT. Cafula || Cafla (`ferÃis sacmeli, monazvnis fexsacmeli,
qalamani~) qarTulSi kolxuridan aris Sesuli. fuZis amosavali
semantikisTvis is aRadgens kolx. *Can-fula da xsnis amgvarad: Can- ||
Cal+fula `fexis dafarva, fexi+dafarva~. misi azriT, kolx. *Cal- || Can-
`fexi, Seferxeba~ (qarT. CanCal- (Can-Cal-) `fexis TreviT siaruli~), ful-
(fula) `dafarva~ (danelia 1991, 622).
ganmartebebidan gamomdinare, megr. Cafula fexsacmlis erTgvari
zogadi saxelia, amdenad, amitom ganvixileT is upirvelesad.
megr. Cafla SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxisa:
Cafla SxuriS-i (kacis), Cafla Wabrul-i (kacis), Cafla xuWil-i (kacis)
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434). vfiqrobT, Cafla SxuriSi matylis fexsacmelia,
xolo Cafla xuWili aris `danaoWebuli fexsacmeli
megr. kaniS Cafla || kaniS Cafula `qalamani~ (masalebi 1983, 243);
kaniSCafla || kanCafula, kanCafla, kanCafia `qalamani, tyavis fexsacmeli~
(qajaia II, 2002).
megr. burTul-i Cafla (kacis) `gardigardmo Sekruli Txis tyavis
fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. kakam Cafla – fexsacmeli erTgvari, Sesakravebiani (kaka `mZivi~,
e.i. kakami “mZivebiani”) (qobalia 2010).
megr. meSiS-i Cafla `meSis fexsacmeli~; megr. meS-i `meSi~ – `cxvris
tyavi~ (masalebi 1983, 250); meSin-i `nebismieri damuSavebuli tyavi~
(qajaia II, 2002).
megr. ozgilitaia Cafla `sriala fexsacmels~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
ozgilitaia `sriala, sasrialo, molipuli~ (qajaia 2010).
megr. aziack-i `aziuri uquslo, wvrilWvintiani, fexze Semotkecili
tyavis maRalyeliani Ceqma~. aziacki maaZudu kuCxis `im kacs aziurebi
ecva fexze~ (qajaia I, 2001). Semosulia rusulidan. Sdr. rus. азиатский.
41
megr. balaR-i `fexsacmeli erTgvari (Zroxisa da xbos tyavisagan
mzaddeboda)~ (masalebi 1983, 250).
megr. baletka `CustiviT fexsacmeli~. asede miSarT baletkemq `axlaxan
Semovida baletkebi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bandil-i `blondi, SoriSor naqseli, dablanduli; banduli
(erTgvari Zirgabanduli tyavis fexsacmeli Tovlsa da yinvaSi
sasiarulod)~ (qobalia 2010). bandil-i (band-il-i) mimReobaa, romelic
megr. band- (band-ua) `blandva, SoriSor qselva~ zmnuri Ziridan aris
nawarmoebi. Sdr. qarT. banduleb-i 1. lanCa-dawnuli fexsacmeli (saba);
`mTaSi sasiarulo qalamani, romelsac Zirebi wvrilis RvediTa aqvs
dawnuli~; 2. kuTx. (imer.) nabdisagan Sekerili Tbili fexsacmeli (Sdr.
bagvi `matylis sqeli winda TovlSi sasiarulod~) (qegl I, 2008).
megr. basanoCka `sazafxulo fexsacmeli~. Cqimi didaq goRa skvami
basanoCka momiR `dedaCemma (Cemma dedam) guSin lamazi bosonoSi momitana~
(Cveni masala).
megr. batinka || baSmakef-i `dabalyeliani zamTris fexsacmeli~ (Cveni
masala). a. Wanturia baSmakebs ganmartavs rogorc `qalis fexsacmeli~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434, fondi). zoTons batinkefi oko midve, tibas
qugoko rdeda `zamTarSi `baTinkebi~ unda Caicva, Tu ginda Tbilad iyo~
(Cveni masala).
megr. baCuC-i `Custi~ oTaxis baCuCefiT gilula `oTaxSi CustebiT
dadian~ (Cveni masala).
megr. baCxaCxia `qoSebi~. baCxaCxiaT gilurs `qoSiT dadis~ (Cveni
masala).
megr. biwkal-i – (sacekvao fexsacmeli). koxta, koxtad moyvanili
msubuqi fexsacmeli, cerze mdgariviT SemarTuli (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr. biwk-i `fexis wveri, ceri~.
megr. biwkantia `puantebis msgavsi uyelo, koxtad moyvanili msubuqi
fexsacmeli, upiratesad naWrisa an rbili tyavisa, romelsac WvintTan
datanebuli hqonda naWeri cerebze siarulisa da cekvis gasaadvileblad.
ityodnen fexsacmelSi meti siTbosaTvis Casatanebel naWris uyelo
windebzec da, iSviaTad, oboxuazec, xis qoSze, saboze~ (qobalia 2010).
avtors saanalizo sityvasTan Sesadareblad mohyavs biwk-i `fexis wveri,
42
ceri~. SeiZleba am Zirisgan iyos nawarmoebi mocemuli sityva, romelic
`cerul cekvasac~ niSnavs.
megr. berwkinte `brWyviala fexsacmeli~ (sapatarZlo fexsacmeli)
(qobalia 2010). moWyudus berwkinte maZ�d `patarZals brWyviala
fexsacmeli ecva~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bot-i `rezinis Ceqma~. WvimaSi gilaularo botefi oko u�ide
baRanems `wvimaSi sasiarulod rezinis Ceqmebi unda vuyido bavSvebs~
(Cveni masala). nasesxebia rusulidan.
megr. bug-i `matylis Tbili fexsacmeli~ ← *bogv-i. qarT. bagv-i
`matylis sqeli winda TovlSi sasiarulod~; `nabdis Tbili, yeliani
fexsacmeli~. s. qarTv. *bagu (Cuxua 2000-2003, 56). bugi CxuruSi madvalaro
jgirie `bugi siciveSi Casacmelad kargia~ (Cveni masala).
megr. espadrel-i `CustiviT fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. valnik-i `rezinis Ceqma, botebi~. Ticali Wvima re, valnikefi oko
qimibdve `ise wvims, rezinis Ceqmebi unda Cavicva~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
qarT. valenkeb-i (rus. валенки) `qeCis Ceqmebi~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. vitiaSka `maRalyeliani Ceqma muxlzemoT~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Txilamur-i || Txiam-i `Txilamuri~ (qobalia 2010). qarT.
Txilamureb-i 1. moRunuli da rkalad Sekruli Txilis an sxva risame
totebi gardigardmo TokiT an wneliT gaxlarTuli; ikraven
fexsacmelebze. xmaroben mTaSi did TovlSi sasiarulod; amJamad
uwodeben Tovlsabij Txilamurebs; 2. fexebqveS amosakravi grZeli da
brtyeli Zelebi, Tovlze sasrialo, sasiarulo...) (qegli IV, 1955).
TuSurSic dasturdeba Txilamur���� `did TovlSi sasiarulod dagrexili
wnelebisagan gakeTebuli fexze amosakravi rgolebi~ (cocaniZe 2012).
megr. kalatoz-i `xis qusliani fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kaloSk-i `kaloSi~. kaloSkis wyari menove `kaloSs Turme wyali
Sesdis~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. калоши `kaloSebi~.
megr. ketef-i `sportuli fexsacmeli~. burTis ketefiT lafena `burTs
ketebiT TamaSoben~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kunta TaTman-i `mokle winda. es iyo Taviseburi saSinao
fexsacmelic, upiratesad naqsovi, Salis ZafebiT moqsovil xalvaT
43
windas ZirSi tyavs gamoakerebdnen da xevsuruli TaTebisa da TuSuri
CiTebis msgavsad xmarobdnen~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. koTxunj-i || koxunj-i `xis qerqis an Wilis qalamani~; glexuri
fexsacmelia erTgvari~ (qobalia 2010). gvxvdeba sabasTanac.
megr. lanCa `kacis fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). qarT. lanCa
(lanCisa) 1. sqeli tyavi fexsacmlis Zirisa. 2. kuTx. (qiz.) iatakis ficris
qveS datanebuli soli an nafoti simagrisaTvis (s. menT.) (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. larCem-i (larCim-i) `Ceqmis msgavsi fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi,
# 434).
megr. last-i || lastef-i `Custebi~. e unorme baRanaq lastefi gale
qomi�oT `am aranormalurma bavSvma Custefi gareT gamigdo~ (Cveni
masala).
megr. maguia || magu || magunia `Sinnamzadi fexsacmeli WaobSi da qvis
karierze sasiarulod (adre iTleboda xisgan, mogvianebiT ikereboda
manqanis saburavisagan)~; magu `mogvi, tyavi, cudi fexsacmeli.~ (qobalia
2010). m. Cuxua am fuZes saerToqarTvelurad miCnevs – magu-ia `waRa~, Wan.
mangu `sabeli~. qarT. mogv-i `fexsacmlis saxeoba~. svan. meg�, sa-meg�
`tyavi~. s.qarTv. * meg���� `tyavis Tasmebiani fexsacmeli~ → qarT. mogv-i ←
*meg����-i, zan. magu- → || mangu, svan. meg����, sa-meg���� (Cuxua 2000-2003, 151).
megr. matatia || matatafal-i `flosti, Custi, fexis wasadgmeli.~
(qobalia 2010). kuCxiq TeSi domSind�, matatiaS meti muTuni vammadvine
`fexi ise damisivda, Custis mets verafers ver vicvam~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
motatafa `Cacma, fexis wadgma fostlebSi~ (qobalia 2010). mocemuli
zmnuri fuZidan aris nawarmoebi es sityva.
megr. maSaia || maS-i || maSia `fexCasadgmeli (qalisa, qoSiviT), Ziri
rkinisa iyo daWedili~; `fexsacmeli (qalis) uquslo; `sapire mxolod
win aqvs, Cadgmuli fexis qusli Riaa, saZire muyaosi aqvs. fexCasadgmeli
(CustiviT)~ (masalebi 1983, 244-249); `uquslo fostali an qoSi (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434). Sdr. qarTl. maSia 1) ax. qarT. `qalis sazafxulo
fexsacmeli, ucxviro da usaqusro~ (ixmareba e. w. bosonoJkis
mniSvnelobiT). 2) Zv. `qoSis msgavsi fexsacmeli~ (qegli V, 1958).
44
megr. maCarxafal-i || CarxiaAA`fexis wasadgmeli Zveli fexsacmeli,
jRanebi~ (qobalia 2010). mi re amdRa, CarxiaT gilursuni `vin aris dRes,
jRanebiT rom dadis?~ (Cveni masala).
megr. mesT-i || mest-i `yeliani fexsacmeli wuRis qveS Casacmeli, ikereba
cxvris tyavisagan, uZiro dabalyeliani fexsacmelia (masalebi 1983, 244-
249). Sdr. Turq. mest, osuri mest `tarsikonis winda, Ceqmebi~.
megr. obawkaia `koxta, WraWuna, bakuna (fexsacmeli)~ (qobalia 2010).
WiWelems u�ora obawkaia CaflaSi modvala `patarebs uyvarT bakuna
fexsacmlis Cacma~ (Cveni masala). vfiqrobT, es sityva warmoqmnilia,
nawarmoebia megr. bawk- zmnuri Ziridan. Sdr. megr. bawkini `baka-buki,
WraWuni (fexsacmlisa) (qobalia 2010), SeiZleba gvaqvs ormagi warmoeba:
bawk- zmnuri Ziridan pirvel safexurze -a (is SeiZleba iyos qonebis an
kninobiTobis) sufiqsis meSveobiT aris nawarmoebi bawk-a *`bakuna~ da
meore safexurze o- daniSnulebis prefiqsisa da kninobiTobis –ia
sufiqsiT miviReT es forma. maSasadame, *o-bawk-a-ia (Sdr. Cel-a, Cel-a-ia).
megr. oboxua `braxuna, fexis xis proTezi, xis qoSi, sabo, oCofexebi,
WaobSi savali grZeli joxi, romelsac fexis dasadgmeli aqvs
miWedebuli” (qajaia III, 2002). Cqimi mumas uRudu oboxua, fSu `Cems mamas
(mamaCems) hqonda oboxua, maxsovs~ (Cveni masala). es igive oCofexia.
vfiqrobT, sityva nawarmoebia box- `braxuni~ zmnuri Zirisagan, -ua
sawyisis mawarmoebelia, xolo TavsarTi o- qarTuli daniSnulebis sa-
prefiqsis fardi unda iyos. e. i. *o-box-ua `braxuniT (xmauriT)
siarulisTvis gankuTvnili~. vfiqrobT, bgerweriTi sityvaa. a.
qobaliasTan gvxvdeba oboxuaS gerina `Sejibreba oCofexebiT siarulSi~
(qobalia 2010).Msainteresoa erTi megruli andazac: koCi jaSa oboxuami
eSmeSua do eSmakiq Tqua: ase geglanTxasini, ma qodmabralensia `kaci xeze
omboxebiani adioda, eSmakma Tqva: axla rom Camovardes, me damabralebso~
(memiSiSi, Serozia 1990, 74).
megr. orSvalef-i `bandulebi~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. bandul-i
`erTgvari xis fexsacmeli maguias tipisa~ (qegli II, 2010). megr.
orSvalef-i daniSnulebis saxelia, nawarmoebia megr. rSu- || Su- (rSu-ala
|| Sua-la) `qsova, wvna~ zmnuri Zirisagan o-al konfiqsiT.
45
megr. orCofex-i `qoSiviT fexsacmeli~. es aris igive oCokuCx-i `grZeli
joxebi, romelsac kacis simaRleze fexis dasadgmeli Sverilebi aqvs
(qobalia 2010). baRanobas miZir� orCofexi maZ�des�ni `bavSvobisas minaxavs,
oCofexa rom ecvaT~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. oCofexa `fostlis msgavsi
fexis xis Ziriani fexsacmeli~ (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. paWiW-i `paiWi~ (bavSvis fexsacmeli) (qobalia 2010). WiWe vordini,
bebi paWiWis mumodvand� `patara rom viyavi, bebia paiWs macmevda~ (Cveni
masala). Sdr. qarT. paiW-i `wvivze wamosacmeli (Cveulebriv masSi aris
Catanebuli Sarvlis toti)~ (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. rant-i `boti~. so re rantiT ulin�ni, onjRore varduo `sad aris
botiT rom wasula, sircxvili ar iyo?~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. rant-i,
germ. rand `napiri, arSia~, `fexsacmelze Semovlebuli tyavis viwro arSia,
romelzedac mikerebulia fexsacmlis Ziri~. is rusuli enis meSveobiT
aris qarTulSi Semosuli (qegli VI, 1960), aqedan ki _ megrulSi.
megr. sabo || saboia `sqelZiriani, maRalqusliani, uquslo fexsacmeli~.
ma muWo fSuni, sabos quri vauRudu `me rogorc maxsovs, sabos qusli ar
hqonda~. (Cveni masala).
megr. samge `fexsacmeli erTgvari (Zirs qusli rkiniT iyo daWedebuli)~
(masalebi 1983, 243). Sdr. gur. samuge `Txis tyavi, meSi~ (SaraSiZe 1938).
megr. sandal-i `fexsacmeli~ (basanoCkasaviT) (masalebi 1983, 249).
qarTulSic dasturdeba sandal-i, romlis erT-erTi mniSvnelobaa
`msubuqi sazafxulo fexsacmeli~; Zv. saberZneTsa da romSi xmarebuli
fexsacmeli, warmoadgenda xis, korpis an tyavis saZires, romelsac fexze
tasmebiT amagrebdnen (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. sacveT-i (kacis sacveTi) (wylis qveS Casacmeli) `wuRis SigniT
Casacmeli (yeliani), Txeli tyavisgan keravdnen~; `dabalyeliani uZiro
wuRa~; `wvivze Casacmeli, zeviTa da qveviTa napirs qvemodan qoba hqonda .
qvemoT paWanaki aqvs fexis gasayreli, ikereboda ukuRma piridan~
(masalebi 1983, 243, 249). qarT. sacveT-i 1. wvivebze Casacmeli tyavisa (an
Salisa); faravs fexs muxlidan koWebamde, _ sawvive; 2. kuTx. (imer.) igivea,
rac daTva. (qegli VI, 1960). Sdr. aWar. sacveT-i `uZiro fexsacmeli,
46
mokleyelaa, dabla viwroa, maRla – farTo, koWTan aris Sesnili, tyavis
Tasmebi aq da imiT ikvreba~ (koberiZe 2011, 80).
megr. tatabia. ganumartavia. avtori ganixilavs qalis fexsacmelTa
rigSi (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. tufl-i `lanCiani uyelo fexsacmeli~. guSulirSo tufli moko
ipWueni `gazafxulisTvis (gamosulisTvis) tufli minda Sevikero~ (Cveni
masala).
megr. tufl-basanoCka `naxevrad Ria da naxevrad daxuruli
fexsacmeli~. (Cveni masala).
megr. faCuC-i `Custi~. yudeS madvalaro faCuCis xvarena `saxlSi
Casacmelad Custs xmaroben~ (Cveni masala). qarTulSic dasturdeba faCuC-
i 1. saSinao Tbili, uquslo fexsacmeli. || Custi; 2. bavSvis fexsacmeli
rbili tyavisa (qiz.) Sinauri frinvlis fexze Sebmuli niSani (qegli VII,
1962).
megr. fostal-i `flosti~. fostals �udes midvana `flosts saxlSi
Caicvamen~ (Cveni masala). qarT. fostal-i igivea, rac flosti (qegli VII,
1962). qarT. flosti `uquslo fexsacmeli; Cveulebriv saSinao; sapire
mxolod TaTze aqvs~ (qegli VII, 1962). fostal-i warmoqmnili sityvaa,
nawarmoebia spars. fost- `tyavi~ Ziridan. Sdr. aWar. fost-i `qeCxo~
(koberiZe 2011, 30).
megr. foCiS-i `tyavis fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). warmoebis
mixedviT, daniSnulebis saxeli Cans: *foCi-Si `tyavisa~.
megr. qalaman-i `xami tyavis fexsacmeli~ (glexuri fexsacmeli)
(masalebi 1983, 250). Cqimi babu Wand� qalamans tyebiSe `Cemi babua
(babuaCemi) keravda qalamans tyavisgan~ (Cveni masala).
megr. qosala `fexsacmeli erTgvari~ (qobalia 2010). dasturdeba
qarTulSic: qosala [Sdr. spar. gosala ,,boCola~] 1. xbos tyavi, dabaxanaSi
gamoyvanili fexsacmlis sapired. 2. kuTx. (gur.) `sqeli da uxeSi sawuRe
tyavi~ (qegli VII, 1962).
megr. qoS-i `maRalqusliani fexsacmeli, upiratesad saSinao~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434). qoSi dinaxale mumoZ�na, mara kankaleSa
47
sagareoT xolo fxvarenT `qoSi Sin gvacvia, magram zogjer gareT
Casacmeladac (sagareodac) vxmarobT~ (Cveni masala).
megr. RaSia || RarSia || noRarSia `cudi tyavisagan damzadebuli
fexsacmeli saerTod Zveli, uvargisi~. gale kaloSi mimoZu do dinaxale
RaSia `gareT kaloSi macvia da SigniT _ RaSia~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. yayab-i || yayafi (qoSi) `xis Ziriani quslebiani mZime fexsacmeli,
qoSebi (masalebi 1983, 244; kilanava 1998); `qalebis fexsacmeli~ (Waraia
1997). ioseb yifSiZesTan yayab-i aris `tyavis cxviriani fexsacmeli
maRalquslian xis Zirze~ (yifSiZe 1994). ZRab mirule yayabami, boS
geTxozu nabadami `gogo mirbis qoSiani, biWi misdevs nabdiani~ (qajaia III,
2002). yayaf-i miRebuli aris b-s dayruebiT. yayabi SeiZleba iyos: Jiri
borkami `orfexa~, oTxi borkami `oTxfexa~; birkulami `rikulebiani~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. Suz-i || Suzef-i `maRalyeliani zamTris fexsacmeli~. zoTons
maZ�na Suzefi `zamTarSi acviaT Suzebi~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. inglisuri
shoes ̀fexsacmeli, Ceqma~ (sityva SedarebiT axali Semosulia).
megr. Slopancef/b-i `rezinis, TiTgasayreli fexsacmeli~. Slopancefi
kiTiS miTarRvafali Cafla re `Slopancebi TiTis gasayreli
fexsacmeli aris~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Cakaboxu `fexsacmeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). vfiqrobT, is
rTuli sityvaa da SesaZloa daiSalos: Caka da boxu fuZeebad. sityvis
meore Semadgeneli nawili SeiZleba aris `box~ Ziris Semcveli da,
Sesabamisad, Cakaboxu `oboxuasaviT didi, braxuna fexsacmeli~.
megr. Ceqma `Ceqma~ (Waraia 1997). mis Sesaxeb saba wers: Ceqma TurqTa
enaa, qarTulad `mogvi~ hqvian (saba 1993). gvaqvs am Ziridan no- da -ia
afiqsebiT nawarmoebi megr. noCeqmia `erTi ubadruki Ceqma” (qobalia 2010).
qumuRirzafu Ceqma do qimurs kampaniaSa `Caucvams Ceqma da midis
qorwilSi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Cust-i `Custi~; `kaloSisnairad amoRebuli fexsacmeli~ (qalis);
`qalebis fexsacmeli. guli amoRebuli aqvs, feradi tyaviT moqobili,
zogjer quslic ukeTdeba~ (masalebi 1983, 244, 249). Custi gemuani
madvalari mafu `Custi moxerxebuli (gemrieli) Casacmeli maqvs~ (Cveni
masala).
48
megr. Cxark-i `Custi, Zveli flostebi~. dasturdeba am Ziridan no- da
-ia afiqsebiT nawarmoebi megr. noCxarkia `fostlebi, jRanebi, nagdebi
fexsacmeli~ (qobalia 2010). sodgareni miRudu Cxarki do soTini vaorwyeq
`sadRac mqonda Zveli flostebi da versad ver vxedav~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Cxaputia igivea, rac Cxarki, jRarki, ― quslCakecili wuRa.
(qajaia III, 2002). irdixaSa Cxaputia mikuZ� `yvelgan Cxaputi udevs~ (Cveni
masala). Sdr. gur. Cxaputi Zveli uquslo fexsacmeli (Rlonti 1984).
gurulSi Cxaputi zanizmi unda iyos.
megr. carck-i `samefo fexsacmeli, mdidruli~. jveSo mdidarems carcki
maZ�des `Zvelad mdidrebs `carcki~ ecvaT~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. цар
`mefe~, e.i. `samefo fexsacmeli~.
megr. ciblik-i `Sverili; xis maRalqusliani qoSebi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. wuRa || wuRaz-i `wuRa; maRalyeliani, qusliani fexsacmeli~
(qobalia 2010); `uyelo fexsacmeli~ (sapire amoRebuli aqvs, Ziri
Semokerebulia). didaq qumuR� skuas Cani kiTiSi maSxva wuRazefi `dedam
moutana Svils ceri TiTis simsxo wuRebi~ (yifSiZe 1994, 60). wuRis
Sesaxeb iv. javaxiSvili ambobs: `wuRas gamoWridnen fexis zomis mixedviT.
is qvevidan ikereboda. zeviT erTi TiTis sifarTeze iyo ginozekili
(gadayolebuli) da silamazis mizniT aTasnairad xanturandes
(moxatavdnen) zogi mwvane ZafiT da zogi sirmiT (masalebi 1983, 243). Sdr.
qarT. waRa `maRalyeliani, qusliani fexsacmeli~, svan. waR-ar-al
`wuRebi~. m. Cuxua am fuZes aRadgens s.qarTvelurSi. kerZod: zan. (megr.)
wuRa `uyelo an dabalyeliani fexsacmeli~, Wan. wuRa `Cafula,
fexsacmeli~, qarT. waRa `maRalyeliani, qusliani fexsacmeli~, svan.
{waR}, waR-ar-al `wuRebi~. s.qarTv. *waR-a `Casacmeli, fexsacmeli~ →
qarT. waR-a, zan. wuR-a ← *woR-a, svan. waR-ar-����l (Cuxua 2000-2003, 355).
megr. wuRa-mest-i wuRis SigniT icvamdnen ara marto windebs, aramed
Txeli tyavisagan Sekeril mestebs (|| mesTebs), aqedan: wuRa-mesti (qajaia
III, 2002).
megr. wuRaziS Cafla `wuRis SigniT Casacmeli saTbura~ (qobalia 2010).
waRa `uZiro fexsacmeli~ (masalebi 1983, 250). ix. laz. wuRa `fexsacmeli~.
49
megr. jurab-i || jorab-i `erTgvari fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
spars. ǏurǏurǏurǏurāb b b b `winda (rogorc mokle, aseve grZelyeliani)~ (rubinCiki 1983).
dasturdeba TurqulSic: Sdr. Turq. čorap čorap čorap čorap `winda~.
megr. jRark-i igivea, rac Cxark-i, ― `Zveli fexsacmeli (uvargisi),
romelsac ar aqvs saqusari, ― mocilebulia an Cakecili~. jRarkijgura
Cafla mimoZudes `jRani fexsacmeli gvecva~ (qajaia III, 2002). Sdr. raW.
jRark-i jRani~ (beriZe, 1912). javax. jRan-i `Tasmis gamownuli Zveli
qalamani~, jRanai (metsaxelia mamakacisa), jRani-mani `Zvelmani tanisamosi
Tu fexsacmeli~ (beriZe 1981). qarT. jRan-i 1. gacveTili, daxeuli
fexsacmeli; 2. gabanduli qalamani. 2. saub. gadat. cudi, uSno ram. (qegli
VIII, 1964).
am jgufSi ganvixilavT: windebs, fexze Semosaxvevebs.
megruli
megr. gamaS-i `Ceqmisa da wuRis mosacmeli~ (eliava 1997). Cveni masalis
mixedviT, gamaSi aris muxlamde grZeli windac, romelic acviaT
fexburTelebs.
megr. getr-i (frang. guêtre ̀ tyavis an qsovilis sawvive saTburi (samosi)~.
tibu getri mumoZ� `Tbili getri macvia~ (Cveni masala).
megr. elastik-i `reituzis msgavsi Casacmeli~. i ZRabis elastiki maZ�d�
`im gogos elastiki ecva~ (Cveni masala).
megr. TaT{i}man-i || TaT����man-i || kuCxiS-i TaTman-i `TaTmani~, `winda~
(grZeli) `winda-fexsacmeli, fexis TaTmani~ (Waraia 1997; qajaia II, 2002;
Cveni masala). arT TaTmans kvarCxiSe qimibdvanqia `erT windas ukuRma
Cavicvamo~ (xubua 1937, 246). `TaTmani~ SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis:
aJurn-i TaTman-i `zigzagebiani mokle an grZeli winda~ (Cveni masala).
megr. brezrazmeraS-i TaTman-i `welvadi winda, mokle an grZeli~ (Cveni
masala). Sesityvebis pirveli wevri nasesxebia rusulidan da gaCenilia r
fonema. Sdr. rus. без размера.
50
megr. gaqital-i `Ceqmis SigniT SiSvel fexze Semosaxvevi naWrebi,
saxvevi~ (qobalia 2010). amis paralelurad gvxvdeba megr. geq����tal-i
`fexze Semosaxvevi naWeri~ (masalebi 1983, 244). ix. qitua.
megr. godg����mil-i TaTman-i `ukan gakerili, xazi, nakeri rom gasdevs
iseTi winda~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kunta TaTman-i `mokle winda. es iyo Taviseburi saSinao
fexsacmelic, upiratesad naqsovi. Salis ZafebiT moqsovil xalvaT
windas ZirSi tyavs gamoakerebdnen da xevsuruli TaTebisa da TuSuri
CiTebis msgavsad xmarobdnen~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. nask-i `winda~. ketefiSi dinaxale naski inomiuns `ketebis SigniT
winda maqvs Cayolebuli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. носок `winda~.
megr. Semux-i || Sumux-i `paiWze gareT idebdnen muxlze. is agreTve
sirmiT iyo gawyobili.~ meore ganmarteba: `muxlze dasadebi (vaJebisTvis)
paWiWis qvemoT;~ moqsovili iyo RarTisagan (masalebi 1983, 243-244).
lazuri
laz. Cafula `fexsacmeli~ da misi fonetikuri variantebi, saerTo
masalis gamo, ganvixileT megrul fexsacmlis saxeobebTan. ix. II qveTavis,
$ 2.
laz. az&&&&atsk-i `aziuri fexsacmeli kacis CeqmasaviT~ (diumezili 2009).
mjveSefes az&atskefe moZites `Zvelebs aziurebi ecvaT~ (Cveni masala). mis
warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebiT ix. megr. aziacki.
laz. baSmayan-i `fexsacmeli erTgvari~. masalaSi miTiTebulia, rom is
TaTrulia (lazuris fondi).
laz. borCxal-i `erTgvari fexsacmeli, formiT didi~ (lazuris
fondi).
laz. valink-i `rezinis Ceqma~. man valinki va miRun `me rezinis Ceqma ar
maqvs~ (Cveni masala.). ix megr. valinki.
laz. Texel-i `Zroxis fexis tyavisagan gakeTebuli flostebi~
(Tandilava 2013).
51
laz. Txelamure `Tovlis fexsacmeli, xedeki~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujak-
liSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kaloS-i `kaloSi~ (Sdr. Turq. kaloš) (lazuris fondi). kaloS-
foTin-i `kaloSi da fexsacmeli~ (lazuris fondi) || foTini kaloSi ||
kaloSi `kaloSi, rezinis fexsacmeli~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleq-
siva 2007). si ar kaloSi qomeginjRoni `Sen erTi kaloSi gamogigzavne~
(JRenti 1938, 163). ix. megr. kaloSki.
laz. kapWin-i `fexsacmeli~; `naxevarwinda, matylisgan moqsovili~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. katir-i2 (xof., mari) `qalis fexsacmeli, romelsac patarZals
Cuqnida dedamTili~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. lastik-i (Cxal.) || lastiR-i (furt.) `kaloSi~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bu-
jakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). mWimas-Si lastiki moidvaminon `Tu iwvimebs,
kaloSs Cavicvam~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. Turq. lastik `rezini, rezinisa~.
laz. mesT-i || mest-i. am sityvis ramdenime ganmarteba gvaqvs mocemuli: 1)
`yeliani fexsacmeli wuRis qveS Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala) 2) Cafula
―`tyavis Custi~ (lazuris fondi); 3) `uZiro wuRa~. badefeq zamanis mesTi
muidumetes `moxucebi Zvelad uZiro wuRas icvamdnen~ (Tandilava 2013).
Sdr. arab.-Turq. mest. ix. megr. mesti.
laz. mid-i `flosti~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. nalin-i `xis qoSi~ (Sdr. arab.-Turq. nalin) (Tandilava 2013).
naliniTe goulu `qoSiT davdivar~ (kartozia 1972, 216).
laz. nalCon-i `nalini~ (fexsacmeli). es sityva warmoqmnilia,
nawarmoebia Turq. Turq. nalca-dan -on sufiqsis meSveobiT.
laz. papuw-i `saxlSi fexze Casacmeli, romelsac ukana mxare ara aqvs,
flosti~, `Custi~ (Sdr. Turq.-spars. pabuč) (Tandilava 2013). wkais meÁtuSi,
papuwi qodolalu `wyalSi rom gadioda, flosti (qoSi) Cauvarda~
(JRenti 1972, 134).
laz. safoR-i `Ceqma~ || safoxi `Ceqma~ (Tandilava 2013). aÁa koCis
safoRefe moZin `im kacs Ceqmebi acvia~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. rus. сапог.
52
laz. uZiru `fexze Casacmeli yeliani Custi, romelsac ZirSi tyavi ara
aqvs~ (Tandilava 2013). nawarmoebia Zir- fuZeze uqonlobis u- afiqsis
darTviT.
laz. foTin-i `fexsacmeli~ (Sdr. amave mniSvnelobis frang. bottin).
kuCxes foTini qomuidu `fexze tuflebi Caicva~ (Ciqobava 1929, 7).
laz. fosTal-i || fostal-i `wuRa~ (Tandilava 2013). boSine fostali
mo biwuf `tyuilad wuRas nu xev!~ (Ciqobava 1929, 134).
laz. qalman < qalaman || qelman-i (mari 1910). qarT. qalaman-i || gur.
qalaban-i (JRenti 1936, 24). qalamani qomovidviT `qalamani CavicviT~
(Ciqobava 1929, 96). samecniero literaturaSi qarT. qalaman-i
Sedarebulia os. gala || galatæ `fexsacmeli~ (abaevi 1958, 507).
laz. qontra `fexsacmeli~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007) ||
qonTra `yeliani fexsacmeli~ (Tandilava 2013). qonTraSi nokuCxeni letas
qogÁoxen `batinkis nafexuri miwas amCnevia~ (Ciqobava 1936, 140). Sdr. megr.
kondra `mamakacTa xis qoSi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
laz. Castara `flostebi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Cizme || Cize `Ceqma, waRa~ (Sdr. Turq. ččččizme) (lazuris fondi). ar
eheri, arTi baba muSiSi Cizme wutelas qodosqidu `erTi unagiri, erTic
mamamisis Ceqma umcross daurCa~ (yifSiZe 1994, 56). lazurSi am
mniSnelobiT Ceqmac dasturdeba (Cveni masala).
laz. xedek-i || xedik-i `Tovlze sasiarulo Txilamuri~ (Tandilava
2013). amave mniSneleobiT gvaqvs: Txilamure (Cveni masala).
laz. wang-i (berZn.) `qalis yeliani fexsacmeli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. wuRa || wuRazi `maRalyeliani, qusliani fexsacmeli”. kuCxe wuRas
meSamaleri miRutu `fexi CustebSi Seyofili mqonda~ (Ciqobava 1936, 73). am
fuZis Sesaxeb ix. megr. wuRa.
amave jgufSi ganvixilavT windebs.
lazuri
laz. TiTxu winek-i `Txeli winda~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. TozloRan-i `matylis winda muxlebamde~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kapWin-i `naxevarwinda, matylisgan moqsovili~ (Tandilava 2013).
53
laz. kuCxeS-i motkuS-i `paWanaki~ (Cveni masala). zedmiwevniT niSnavs
fexis mosartymels.
laz. nask-i `winda~. es sityva qarTulis meSveobiT aris rusulidan
Semosuli (lazuris fondi). sainteresoa, rom erT-erTi mTqmelis
gadmocemiT, windebze qsovisas gamosaxavdnen sxvadasxva saxis dekorebs.
laz. winek-i || windeq-i || wineq-i `winda~ (Tandilava 2013, lazuris
fondi). kapiner-kapineri oxoiSa moxTu do kuCxes wineki moiwku `sirbil-
sirbiliT saxlSi movida da fexze winda gaiZro~ (JRenti 1938, 32).
es qveTavi exeba fexsamoss. is moicavs: fexsacmelsa da windebs. saerTo
principidan gamomdinare, aRiwera da gaanalizda zogadi da konkretuli
saxelebi. zogadi saxelebi warmoqmnili saxelebia, nawarmoebi
saerToqarTveluri fuZisagan: qarT. dev- || dv- || d- `deba~ : megr. dv- || d- :
laz. dv- || d-. masala mravalferovania. xolo konkretul saxelebSi
gamovlinda sakuTriv megrul-lazuri, saerToqarTveluri da nasesxebi
leqsika. struqturuli TvalsazrisiT: martivi da rTuli.
2) fexsamosi formis mixedviT
am jgufSi ganvixilavT: fexsacmlis moyvanilobas, Ziris formas.
megruli
gvigval-i niCvam-i (Cafla) `msxvilcxvira fexsacmeli~; gvegveria niCvam-i
(Cafla) `id.~; wvandam-i || wkventam-i Caf����la `wvetiani fexsacmeli~; niCvam-i
(Caf����la) `uSno cxviriani fexsacmeli~; lafarTia (Caf����la) `farTo, uSnod
didi~ (Cveni masala); Wife qurami (Caf����la) `wvrilqusliani fexsacmeli~;
Sxu qurami (Caf����la) `msxvilqusliani fexsacmeli~; oTxkunTxuri qurami
(Caf����la) `oTxkuTxa quslis mqone fexsacmeli~; labartyia qurami (Caf����la)
`brtyelZira fexsacmeli~; qurami (Cafla) (|| madvalari) `qusliani
fexsacmeli~; uquro Caf����la `uquslo fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
54
lazuri
laz. quolon-i modvalu `qusliani fexsacmeli~ (Cveni masala). amave
mniSvnelobiT: laz. quron-i `qusliani~ (Tandilava 2013). quroni
nawarmoebia laz. qur- `qusli~ sityvisagan –on sufiqsis meSveobiT.
laz. alwa || axom-i `fexsacmlis forma~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi,
aleqsiva 2007).
III qveTavi
Tavsaburavi
Tavsaburavi samoslis erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia. am semantikur
jgufSi SeiZleba gamoiyos zogadi da kerZo – am jgufSi Semaval
elementTa konkretuli saxelwodebani. struqturuli TvalsazrisiT,
gvaqvs: martivi, nawarmoebi, rTuli, kerZod, erT-, or-, samkomponentiani
erTeulebi an Sesityvebani.
TavsaburavSi gamoiyo Semdegi ZiriTadi jgufebi:
$ 1. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli zogadi terminebi
megruli
megr. awarTumalar-i `Sublze Camosafxati~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. gaxvaxval-i || dudiS-i gaxvaxval-i (ga-xvaxv-al-i) `Tavis Sesakravi,
Semosaxvevi~. Cxuruq ma�u do mudgaini dudiSi gaxvaxvali dobgore oko
`Semcivda (sicive meqna) da raime Tavis Sesaxvevi unda movZebno~ (Cveni
masala). warmoebiT mimReobaa, megr. xvax- `SefuTva, Semoxveva~ Zirisagan
miRebuli.
megr. giorTumalar-i (gi-o-rT-um-al-ar-i) || dudiS-i giorTumalar-i
`Tavsaburavi~ (nebismieri saxis). dudiSi giorTumalari vaiRuno muTuni,
muWo re gilurquni `Tavze dasafarebeli ara gaqvs raime, rogor aris,
rom dadixar?~ (Cveni masala). mocemuli sityva nawarmoebia gerTumala
55
`dafareba~, `daxurva~ zmnisagan o- da -ar mawarmoebeli afiqsebis
meSveobiT. paralelurad amave mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba Sesityveba dudiS-i
giorTumalar-i zedmiw. `Tavis dasafarebeli, dasaxuri~ (eliava 1997) ||
megr. obural-i (o-bur-al-i) `{da}saburavi~ (gamoxatavs daniSnulebas,
miRebulia bur-Zirisagan o- da –al afiqsebis darTviT) || megr. gioqunal-i
`dasaxuravi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. giotatafal-i (gi-o-tat-af-al-i) || dudiS-i giotatafal-i `Tavze
msubuqad dasaxuri, dasafarebeli~. dudiS giotatafali qomuCi mudgaini
`Tavze dasafarebeli momeci raime~ (Cveni masala). esec daniSnulebis
saxelia, nawarmoebia megr. tatua `cacuni, TaTuni~ zmnisagan, e. i.
`msubuqad Sexeba~.
megr. dudiS-i gioxuafal-i (gi-o-xu-af-al-i) `Tavze Camosamxobi~ (Cveni
masala). daniSnulebis saxelia, nawarmoebia megr. xuafa `damxoba~
zmnisagan. warmoebiT mimReobaa.
megr. dudiS-i gio����oTamal-i (gi-o-�oT-am-al-i) `Tavze mosagdebi~ (Cveni
masala). daniSnulebis saxelia, miRebuli ����oTama `gdeba~ masdarisagan.
megr. ki/k����nakiral-i (kina-kir-al-i) || dudiS-i ki/k����nakiral-i `Tavze
wasakravi~. aka dudiSi kinakirali vamapalu `erTi Tavze wasakravi ar
mabadia (momepoveba)~ (Cveni masala). daniSnulebis saxelia, nawarmoebia
megr. kirua `Sekvra~ zmnisagan. warmoebiT mimReobaa.
lazuri
laz. goTvalu (go-Tv-al-u) || moTvalu (mo-Tv-al-u) || moTvaluS-i (mo-Tv-
al-u-S-i) || TiSi g&&&&oTumale `Tavze dasaxuravi~ (Ciqobava 1929, 150); || Tis
eÁoTvala || Tis eJoTvalu `Tavsaxuravi~ (amse, Taini 2004). yvela es
leqsikuri erTeuli nawarmoebia daxurvis aRmniSvnel lazur Tv-Zirze
sxvadasxva zmniswinis darTviT.
$ 2. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli konkretuli terminebi
56
am semantikur jgufSi gamoiyofa ori qvejgufi: 1) Tavsafari da 2) qudi.
1) Tavsafari da misi saxeobani
megruli
megr. aramcelia igivea, rac gagurjela, ― qalTa Tavsaburavis nawili,
rgoli, leCaqTan rom ixmareboda, ― Cixti, Cixta (qajaia IV, 2009).
WanturiasTan aris: gagurjela = aramcelia = Cixtikopi asali `cxenis
zurgze gadasafarebeli qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. gagurjela || gargujela || gaurjela || gagurj����la (masalebi 1983,
244) || gagurkla (yifSiZe 1994); `gvirgvini; Cixtikopi, qalebis Tavsaburavi~.
qalebi kakulars zeviT ixuravdnen sirmiT gawyobil gagurjelas;
moqsovili iyo abreSumisagan, foCebiani (`CxviCxvami~). Tavmomwone vaJebi
kiserze ikeTebdnen (yelze Semosaxvevi kaSnesaviT) (masalebi 1983, 244).
Sdr. kakula `kavebi~ (qajaia II, 2002; masalebi 1983, 244). || gaguja `leCaqis
msgavsi~ (masalebi 1983, 248). gargunjela `gvirgvini, grexili~, gargunjia
`wnuli gvirgvini, erTmaneTSi Cawnuli da rgolad Sekruli ram. Sdr.
gargunjua `daxveva, gvirgvinad Sekvra~ (qobalia 2010). swored am zmnidan
unda iyos nawarmoebi gargunjela. Sdr. (raW.) gaurjila/e-&, gorjela
`Cixtikopis samkauli~ || gegel-gorjela `Cixtikopi~ (beriZe 1912).
megr. daraia 1. `abreSumis Tavmosasxami~ (makalaTia 1941, 21) `abreSumis
qsovili~ (yifSiZe 1994).
m. andronikaSvilis azriT, megr. daraia ← qarT. ← spars. dar5555iya
`abreSumis qsovili~ (andronikaSvili 1966, 205).
megr. elamorsa `erTgvari Tavsafari~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). am
fuZeSi xom ar SeiZleba gamoiyos `Semosvis~ aRmiSvneli megr. mors- Ziri?
megr. TavSal-i (martv.) `TavSali, didi Tavsafari~ (Cveni masala).
SesaZloa, qarTulidan aris Sesuli. qarT. TavSal-i ← Tavi Sali
(Tofuria 1971, 107).
megr. kakular-i, kakula `kavebi~; `kavebiani Cixta (qalebis Tavze
dasaxuravi (masalebi 1983, 242). Sdr. kakular-i `Cixti~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr. kakul-i `kululi, kavi (Tmisa), kakularze (Cixtze) Camosakidebeli
57
flurebi~ (qobalia 2010). kakular-i SeiZleba nawarmoebi iyos megr.
kakula `kavebi~ || kakul-i `kululi, kavi (Tmisa)~ formisagan.
megr.-laz. kasinka `patara Tavsafari~. dus skvami kasinka giorTudu
`Tavze lamazi patara Tavsafari exura~ (Cveni masala). nasesxebia
rusulidan.
megr. lakolka `koWis ZafiT, rifsiT naqsovi patara samkuTxa
Tavsafari, romelsac CxviCxvebiT `baxramiT~ amSvenebdnen~ (rus.) (qobalia
2010).
megr. leCeq-i || leqeC-i `leCaqi~ (Waraia 1997; yifSiZe 1994). jveSo
osurems leCeqi giorTudes dus `Zvelad qalebs leCaqi exuraT Tavze~
(Cveni masala). rogorc iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, Txeli narmisgan iyo
Sekerili, karg, Tavmomwone qalebs hqondaT (masalebi 1983, 244). es leqsema
dasturdeba qarTulSi: leCaq-i 1) `qarTuli Tavsaburavi qalisa,
abreSumis wminda badisebri qsovili, ixuraven Cixti-kopTan an baRdadTan
erTad~ (qegli IV, 1955). gurulSi gvxvdeba laCaq-i formiT (SaraSiZe 1938).
mocemuli sityvis Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs
Sexeduleba, rom leCaq-i momdinareobs sparsulidan, Sdr. spars. l5555čččč5k5k5k5k, , , ,
dasturdeba azerbaijanulSi leččččekekekek da TurqulSi leččččeeeek (qavTaraZe 1964, 252,
318).
iv. javaxiSvili am sityvis Sesaxeb wers: `leCaqi kubastia, dedaTa
Tavsaburavi~ (saba). es termini ZvelisZveli unda iyos. svan l����Ceqv
`samosels, tanisamoss niSnavs, l����qvem ki wamosasxams hqvia. rogorc
l����qvem Sedgenilia sa-s gamomxatveli l����- TavsarTisa da mosvis
aRmniSvneli qvem- Zirisagan, iseve l����Ceqvic imave formantisa da Ceqv-
Zirisa, Tu fuZisagan unda iyos Semdgari~ (masalebi 1983, 134, 135).
megr. maska `niRabi~. maxins maska enoZed� `qurds niRabi ekeTe Turme~
(Cveni masala). qarT. maska `niRabi~ (laT. mascha, rusuli enis meSveobiT)
(qegli V, 1958).
megr. omorgualo (o-mo-rgu-al-o) || orgaSe qica (o-rg-aS-e) ||
samorgualo qica (sa-mo-rgu-al-o) || omorguale (o-mo-rg-u-al-e)
`samgloviaro Tavsafari~ (sa- da -o afiqsebiT nawarmoebi). omorguale
qicas arT wanas iSen girTvana `samgloviaro Tavsafars erT wels mainc
58
ifareben~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. gargueba `maradi glova, glovas gadayola;
uSvilZirod darCenili mgloviare, romelic mTeli sicocxle atarebs
Savs, glovas gadayolili~ (qobalia 2010). mocemuli erTeulebi
warmoqmnili saxelebia, nawarmoebia megruli rguala `glova~ zmnisagan
o-o (o-mo-rgu-al-o), sa-o (sa-mo-rgu-al-o) prefiqs-sufiqsiT, xolo o-rg-
aS-e formaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos o-e daniSnulebis afiqsi da -S
naTesaobiTi brunvis niSani. amdenad, orgaSe zedmiwevniT niSnavs
`glovisa~.
megr. sagurguno (sa-gurgun-o) `saqorwilo fata, sagvirgvino~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434). warmoqmnili sityvaa, nawarmoebia megr. gurgin-
`gvirgvini~ fuZisagan sa-o daniSnulebis afiqsiT.
megr. fata `fata~. kampanias moWyudu fatas girTvand� `qorwilSi
patarZali fatas ifarebda~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. laz. fata || ����ata.
megr. foCvam-i qica || foCoCam-i qica `foCebiani Tavsafari~. Cqimi ZRabiq
momiR� foCvami qica `Cemma gogom momitana foCebiani Tavsafari~ (Cveni
masala). foCvam-i, foCoCam-i warmoqmnili sityvebia, sadac –am raRacis
mqoneblobas gamoxatavs.
megr. qica `leCaqi~; `mandili~ (Waraia 1997); `leCaqi~ (yifSiZe 1994);
`leCaqi~; `mandili~ `Tavsafari~; `Txeli Tavsakravi; qalebis Tavsaxuravi
Txlad naqsovi~ (masalebi 1983, 241). gvaqvs misgan no- da –ia afiqsebiT
nawarmoebi noqicia `ubralo, Zveli Tavsafari~ (Cveni masala).
a. Wanturia megr. `qicas~ or saxes gamoyofs: 1) qica umoso sumi
kunTxuri re `Tavsafari metwilad samkuTxaa~. 2) qica ganiSi `Tavsakravi
ganis~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
garda amisa, formis mixedviT, Tavsafari SeiZleba iyos: sumkunTxur-i
`samkuTxa~, agreTve wkventur-i || wvetur-i caxoc-i `patara samwvera
Tavsafari, TavSalisgan gansxvavebiT, mas SublTan gainaskvaven (igivea,
rac WiWe qica)~ (qobalia 2010). nawarmoebia w(k)vet fuZeze –ur sufiqsis
darTviT.
megrulSi aseve gvxvdeba Tavsafris Semdegi saxeebi:
megr. oTxkunTxur-i `oTxkuTxa~. (Cveni masala).
59
megr. salafarTo (sa-la-farT-o) || olafarTe (o-la-farT-e) `grZeli da
farTo Tavsafari~ (Cveni masala). mocemuli erTeulebi daniSnulebis
saxelebia, nawarmoebia megr. farT(o) `farTo~ fuZisagan sa-o da o-e
afiqsebiT.
megr. salabo qica `grZeli oTxkuTxa (SedarebiT viwro)~ (Cveni masala).
agebulebiT warmoqmnili Cans, sa-o daniSnulebis mawarmoebeli unda iyos.
megr. yruJaoam-i || yurJaoam-i || kruJaoam-i qica `maqmaniani Tavsafari~
(Cveni masala). Sesityvebis pirveli wevri nasexebia rusulidan. Sdr. rus.
кружево `maqmani, arSia~.
megr. Raz-i 1) `Salis msxvili ZafiT moqsovili qalis Tavsaburavi~,
`Razli~; 2) `xazi~. Razl-i, Razla, `Razli~, `matylis mkedi sxÂli~ (saba),
Sdr. gur. Razl-i `Salis Tavsaburavi~ (Rlonti 1984). aWar. Razla
`matylis Zafi~ (koberiZe 2011, 81). maSasadame, megrulSic, rogorc
qarTulis masalam gviCvena, Raz-i Zafis saxeoba iyo da, Sesabamisad,
masalis saxelwodebam gansazRvra sagnis saxeldeba.
qarT. Razl-s arab. ğğğğazl `rTva, narTi~ ukavSirebs g. wereTeli
(wereTeli 1951).
megr. yaraoz-i `elamorsas meore saxeli~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. SarSab-i `abreSumis Tavsafari~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). ix. laz.
CarCab-i.
megr. caxorc-i `Tavsaxuravi Txeli rame~ (Waraia 1997). caxorc-i ||
caxoc-i (martv.) `Tavsafari~. osuriSi caxorciT Jirxolo Toli guuTel�
`qalis TavsafriT orive Tvali gaumTela~ (yifSiZe 1994, 44). imerul
dialeqtSi dasturdeba cicaxoc-i `Tavsafari~, romelic o. kaxiZis azriT,
megruli caxorc-i || caxoc-isagan momdinareobs (kaxaZe 1997, 93 ). is
gvxvdeba sxva dialeqtebSic. Sdr. aWar. caxoc-i `Tavsafari~. gur.
uskudaris caxoci `Talxi feris msubuqi Tavsafari. stambolidan
SemohqondaT guriaSi (uskudari stambolis aziuri nawilis erTi ubania)~
(SaraSiZe 1938). megrulSic dasturdeba usqudari, romelsac a. qobalia
ganmartavs, rogorc gaunaskvavad dasaxur daraias, cxvirsaxocs (qobalia
2010). megr. usqudars a. Wanturia ganmartavs, rogorc `axalgazrda
qalebis feradi Tavsaxuri, Zalian lamazi da Zvirfasi~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
60
megrulSi mandili uSualod Tavsafris aRmniSvnelad ar gvxvdeba,
magram gvaqvs misgan nawarmoebi fuZe: megr. madilosan-i || mad�losan-i
`mandilosani~.
megr. CxiCxvel-i qica `Semouqobavi Tavsafari~. CxviCxveli qicas
omorgualeT girTvana `Semouqobav Tavsafars samgloviarod ifareben~
(Cveni masala). (samegreloSi samgloviaro Semouqobav Savi qsovilis
naWers kacebic waikravdnen Tavze didi mwuxarebis niSnad. samegreloSi
es wesi zogan dResac cocxalia).
mTqmelebis gadmocemiT, mgloviarobis niSnad kacebi pijakze marcxena
mxares sayeloze jibesTan axlos miikerebdnen Sav qsovils, ZiriTadad
samgloviaro tansacmlis nawils. qalebi ki paltoze garedan, an
saerTod samgloviaro kabis gareT rac ecvaT, imaze zonariviT,
daaxloebiT 20 santimetris siganis qsovils daikerebdnen. samgloviarod
aucileblad ikeravdnen kabas, Tu Zalian `sanwaro~ `samwaro~ iyo, ar
Semoqobavdnen arc fesvze, arc mklavze. samgloviaro periodis gasvlis
Semdeg samgloviaro tanisamoss wyals gaatandnen, an dawvavdnen.
samgloviaro tansacmeli Zalian ubralo qsovilisgan ikereboda,
ZiriTadad satina. es wesi axla farTod gavrcelebuli ar aris, magram
zogi am wess axlac icavs. didi mwuxarebis niSnad kacebic icvamdnen
Semouqobav perangs. qalebi waikravdnen patara Tavsafars ise, rom Subli
ar gamoCeniliyo, garedan, zemodan ki did Tavsafars gadaifarebdnen.
megr. Sal-i `TavSali, didi Tavsafari~. i dedibis dus tibu Sali
giorTudu `im moxucs Tavze Tbili TavSali efara~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
Sal-i `qsovilis saxeli~, romelsac d. CubinaSvili sparsulad miiCnevs
(CubinaSvili 1961).
megr. Sarf-i `Sarfi~. arTi Sarfiq memewon, mara faraq vambaR do
vama�idir `erTi Sarfi momewona, magram fuli ar meyo da ver viyide~
(Cveni masala). Cveneburebis qarTulSi dasturdeba Sarfa (Turq. šarpa)
(futkaraZe 1993, 627). ix. laz. Sar����i.
aqve gavaerTianebT kaSnesac.
megr. kaSn-i `kaSne~. kisers Cxuruq ma�u do kaSni qigTibdvi `yelze
Semcivda (sicive meqna) da kaSne Semovixvie (Semovide)~ (Cveni masala).
61
megr. kiseriS-i giTakiral-i || g����Takiral-i `yelze mosaxvevi~ || kiseriS-i
giTadvalar-i//g����Tadvalar-i zedmiw. `yelze mosadebi~.
lazuri
laz. duaR-i || duvaR-i `patarZlis Tavsaburavi~. duaRi noRamisaSi
moTumale ren `duaRi patarZlis Tavsaburavi aris~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
aWar. dvaR-i ← duvak `sadedoflo Sarfi~ (niJaraZe 1975, 21).
laz. vala `igivea, rac kazi, dedoflebi ixuraven~ (vaniliSi,
Tandilava 1984, 79). mufer nomsqun satina-kala vala `rogor Svenis
satinasTan vala~ (yifSiZe 1994, 47).
laz. Tabla (viw.-arq.) `Cixtikopi; `qalis Tavsaxuravi, mrgvali
moyvanilobis, irgvliv mibmulia oqros monetebi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. TavSal-i `TavSali~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr. TavSali.
laz. Tis golakiuS-i || golakiuS-i `Tavze wasakravi~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. qarT. Tavsakravi.
laz. Ti moJakiuS-i `Tavze mosaxvevi~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT.
Tavmosaxvevi.
laz. kaz-i `Tavsafari, pirbadesaviT~. Sdr. Turq. kaz. ← frang. gaz.
rogorc a. Tandilavas azriT, kazi `erTgvari maRali xarisxis qsovilis
saxelia, romelsac wamoaxuraven dedogfals~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984,
79). noRamisas mogolafanSi kazi `dedofals rom mogafareben kazs~
(JRenti 1938, 168).
laz. mandil-i `qalis Tavsafari~. qCe mandilis qCe bedali godveri, mo
memaSkum guris qva dolobReri `TeTr mandilze TeTri arSia
Semovlebuli, ar damtovo gulSi qvaCayrili~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakli-
Si, aleqsiva 2007). ix. megr. mandil-i.
laz. mgaaS-i (moTvaluS-i) `samgloviaro~ (zedmiw. `tirilis Tavsafari~)
(naTesaobiTi brunvis –Si niSniT nawarmoebi).
laz. mendil-i `mandili~. Sdr. (Turq. mendil ← arab. mindil
`pirsaburavi~; `xelsaxoci~ (masalebi 1983, 249).
62
laz. moTvalu || moTumale || moTvaluS-i || Ti-moTvaluS-i || TiS-moTvalu
|| moTumuS-i || Ti-moTvalon-i || TiSTimale `Tavsaburavi zogadad~ (Cveni
masala). amaTgan moTumale martivi fuZea, xolo moTvaluS-i || moTumuS-i
naTesaobiTi brunvis –Si niSniT aris nawarmoebi da zedmiw. niSnavs
`Tavsaburavisa~.
laz. muJvokirale `Tavsafari~ (Tandilava 2013). nawarmoebi sityvaa
Sekvris aRmniSvneli lazuri kir- Ziridan zmniswinisa da –al da –e
sufiqsebis darTviT.
laz. mSal-i `TavSali~ (Tandilava 2013). igive Ziria, rac Sal- fuZeSi
gvaqvs, oRond lazurSi sityvis TavSi gaCenilia m.
laz. fata || ����ata `fata~. ix. megr. fata.
laz. ferde `Cadri~; es sityva sparsulia, Tumca lazurSi nasexebia
Turqulidan. Sdr. spars.-Turq. perde `farda~. Cadris semantika sakuTriv
lazurSi unda iyos ganviTarebuli.
laz. feCe `fata~ (Cveni masala); `saxeze Camosafarebeli~ (Tandilava
2013). noRameq xamiTe feCe elawkams `saqmro daniT saxeze Camosafarebels
axsnis~ (JRenti 1938, 30). dasturdeba aWarulSic. Sdr. Turq. peče `pirbade~
(koberiZe 2011, 30).
laz. SaTx-i `Salisagan xelovnurad moqsovili Tavsaburi~ (Tandilava
2013).
laz. Sarф-i `Sarfi~ (lazuris fondi). ma arTi TiSi Sarфi var miRun-
Áa `me erTi Tavze dasaxuri Tavsafari ar maqvso~ (Ciqobava 1936, 15). Sdr.
Turq. šarpa `Tavsaburi~. swored Turqulidan aris Semosuli lazurSi.
ix. megr. Sarf-i.
Cadris mniSvnelobiT lazurSi gvaqvs ramdenime sityva:
laz. Cadr-i `Cadri~. Sdr. qarT. Cadr-i ← spars. CCCCadir `zewari~, spars.
CCCCadre || CCCCador `farTo erTferovani wasaburavi, romelSic ifarebian
fexebamde sparsTa qalebi~ (andronikaSvili 1966, 527); es sityva
dasturdeba TurqulSic da lazurSi Turqulidan SeiZleba iyos
SeTvisebuli.
laz. CarCab `Cadri, pirbade~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava, 1984, 115) || CarSa����-i ||
CarSaf-i `Cadri, qalis saburavi (muslimanuri~ (spars.-Turq. Caršaf).
63
CarSa�i moTvaleri ar oxorja nitu `Cadrmoxuruli erTi qali midioda~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. xanjula `moxuci qalebis Tavsaburi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. xase || xasa `Tavsafari erTgvari~ || xase `dolbandi (Tavze
saxuravi), masala~ (Tandilava 2013). homomfinu xase `gadamafara
dolbandi~ (kartozia 1972, 143). Sdr. aWar. xas-i arab. `salocavi, fardagi~
(koberiZe 2011, 89); javax. xas-i 1) `Zvirfasi, saukeTeso xarisxisa, rCeuli
qsovili~; 2) `moqnili, rbili, adviladD wevadi~ (beriZe 1981, 175).
laz. hijab-i (arab.) `Cadri, romelic mTlianad faravs saxes~ (Cveni
masala).
laz. Áazma || aÁazma (Turq. yazma) `Tavsafari~. erT-erTi mTqmelis
ganmartebiT, es erTgvari pirbadec iyo. Áazma moTvalei nulun
`TavsafriT dadis~ (Cveni masala).
laz. ÁaluR-i (aTin.) || ÁaRluR-i (furt.) `Tavsafari~. ÁaluRi dudis
qeinkoru `Tavsafari Tavze waikra~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva
2007).
1) qudi da misi saxeebi
megruli
megr. qud-i `qudi~; `qudi, Tavsaburavi~ (Waraia 1997). qarT. qud-i ← Zv.
spars. xauda (andronikaSvili 1966, 196). m. Cuxua ar iziarebs am
Tvalsazriss da miaCnia, rom qarT. qudi nasesxebia naxur enaTa qud-�-sgan.
Sdr. bacb. qud ← qud-� (Cuxua 2008).
megr. boxox-i, boxoxia `boxoxi, cxvris tyavis qudi~. ducu giorTu
boxoxia `Tavze axuravs boxoxi~ (qajaia I, 2001). boxox-i qud-i –
ikereboda batknis tyavisagan (masalebi 1983, 241). Cveneburebis qarTulSic
gvxvdeba boxox-i `cxvris tyavis qudi~ (futkaraZe 1993, 403).
megrulSi gvaqvs sityva qudis Semcveli Sesityvebani:
megr. bowowam-i qud-i || bowowiS-i qud-i `bewviani qudi~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. megr. boworia `grZelbewviani~.
64
megr. boxoxiaS-i || buxariS-i qud-i `buxris qudi~, `cxvris tyavis qudi~
(yifSiZe 1994). Sdr. qarT. buxris qud-i `kravelis qudi, saerTod cxvris
tyavis qudi~ (qegli I, 2008).
megr. konwolam qudi `wvetiani, kunkuliani qudi~ (megr. konwol-i
`kunwuli, Tmis kululi; lolua (yinulisa), cacxvisa da sxvaTa nayofi,
wawvetebuli ram, wvetiani~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kraveliS qud-i `kravelis qudi~. Sdr. TuS. kravel-i `batknis
matyli~ (cocaniZe 2012).
megr. nabadiaS-i qud-i `nabdis qudi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. tetiaS-i qud-i `tetiis qudi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. Sonur-i qud-i `svanuri qudi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. farTxvaia qud-i `farTxuna qudi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. montyoriS-i qud-i `matylis Tbili qudi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. WiliS-i qud-i || WoliS-i qud-i `Wilis qudi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. uSanka qud-i `zamTris Tbili qudi, yurebiani~ (Cveni masala).
Sesityvebis pirveli wevri nasexebia rusulidan.
megr. baSlayu (masalebi 1983, 248) || baSlayv-i || baSlay� � � � || baSჲჲჲჲa����u
`yabalaxi, baSlayvi~ (qajaia I, 2001), dasturdeba i. yifSiZesTanac da
miuTiTebs, rom Turqulia. a. qobaliasTan gvxvdeba baSlay-i `yabalaxi,
Cabalaxi; meomris jaWvis qudi, muzaradi, Tavsarqmeli sazogadod~
(qobalia 2010). || baSiliy-i (baSiay) `yabalaxi~ (eliava 1997). || baSlayu
`iribulad gamoWrili Tavsaxuri qalebisTvis cxeniT mgzavrobisas
saxmari~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). note ginmorTinuas... vara qviSor
baSlayuo `netavi gadamaqcia... qviSisfer yabalaxad~ (samuSia 1971, 99).
TuSuri baSlaÃa�������� `baSliyi ― Teqaze mokerebuli wvetiani Tavsafari
avdarSi gadmosafareblad~ (cocaniZe 2012). z. aWar. yabalax-i, qv. aWar.
baSluR-i (koberiZe 2011, 26).
megr. beret-i `erTgvari maRali qudi~. Cqimi boSis goRa bereti muRi
do Zams mowons `Cems biWs guSin bereti movutane da Zalian moswons~
(Cveni masala). Sdr qarT. beret-i [it. beretta ̀ brtyeli qudi~] `mrgvali,
usaCrdilo (ufarflo) rbili qudi (Cveulebriv, qalisa)~ (qegli I, 2008).
megr. gurgin-i `gvirgvini~. nagurgina `jvardanaweri, gvirgvinnakurTxi,
saqorwino; gvirginosani~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. megr. gurgin-i `kefaze
65
wertili, saidanac Tma wriulad lagdeba Tavze~ (qobalia 2010). ix. megr.
sagurguno.
megr. kepka `kepi~. kepka CxanaSi giorTumalaro Zam jgiri qore `kepi
mzeze dasafareblad Zalianac kargi aris~ (Cveni masala).
megr. oCxanie || saCxanio || CxanaS-i qud-i `mzis qudi~ (o- -e, sa- -o da
naTesaobiTi brunvis –Si niSniT nawarmoebi). gagania Cxanas saCxanio
qudiS umSo veglerTe `papanaqeba mzeSi mzis qudis gareSe ar SeiZleba
siaruli (ar gaivleba)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. tatuc-i `fafanaki~ - Zvelad keravdnen tyavisagan, rgvlad iyo
amoWrili da Tavze exuraT (giotatudes); rom ar Camovardniliyo,
sayelos ukeTebdnen (masalebi 1983, 244).
megr. fayu `qudi, Tavsaburavi~ (qajaia III, 2002). samecniero
literaturaSi aris aseTi dakavSireba: svan. fay���� `qudi~, megr. fay-
(gefayu) `qudi devs~, Wemguuri f�6�, �6�, �6�, �6�, yabard. ppppué (janaSia 1959, 112).
megr. yabalax-i `yabalaxi~. jveSems yabalaxi giorTudes `Zvelebs
yabalaxi exuraT~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. yabalax-i (Turq. kabalak)
`wowola, Zabris moyvanilobis grZeltotebiani Tavsaburavi Cveulebriv
mamakacisa. || uxmariaT kapiuSonis mniSvnelobiT~ (qegli VII, 1962).
megr. Sliapa (erTgvari qudi), Sdr. qarT. Sliapa || Slapa [germ. Schlappe]
1. mamakacis qudi mrgvali moyvanilobisa, irgvliv farfliani.
[glaxaTubnels] Tavze Calis Slapa exura (g. wereT._. 2. qalis qudi
(qegli VII, 1962).
megr. cilindr-i `cilindri~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. cilindri (berZn.
kylindros) 1. geometriuli sxeuli, romelic warmoiqmneba sworkuTxedis
trialiT Tavisi erT-erTi gverdis garSemo. 2. teq. orTqlis manqanis an
Sigawvis Zravis nawili cilindris formisa. 3. mamakacis qudi cilindris
formisa, viwrofarflebiani da maRali (qegli VIII, 1964). ix. laz.
cilindri.
megr. ZafeZia `mZivebiani, totebiani gvirgvini nefe-dedoflisaTvis,
romelsac adgamen eklesiaSi jvriswerisas~ (a. qob., 689).
megr. Wyvintian-i yabalax-i (mokle da viwro Wyvintebs Semoikeravdnen
Tavze) (masalebi 1983, 242).
66
lazuri
laz. qud-i `qudi~ (mari 1910). Tavze yvelanair Camosacmels eZaxdnen
quds. Tis qudi gÁoTun `Tavze qudi axuravs~ (Cveni masala).
laz. baSlu || baSluR-i 1) `yabalaxi~ (Turq. bašlik(γi)) `erovnuli
lazuri Tavsaburavi~. 2) baSluR-i `sacolis daniSvnis dros gaRebuli
saCuqari, qrTami qalis mSoblebisaTvis~ (lazuris fondi). es sityva
momdinareobs Turqulidan. Sdr. Turq. bašlik (andronikaSvili 1966, 229),
warmoqmnili sityvaa: Turq. baš ̀ Tavi~, luγγγγ ki formantia (masalebi 1962, 145).
laz. boxox-i `boxoxi~. papuli Cqimi boxoxi moTumei nulutu `babuaCemi
boxoxdafarebuli dadioda~ (Cveni masala). boxox-i qud-i `boxoxi~
(lazuris fondi). ix. megr. boxox-i.
laz. boxCa `mandili~.
laz. Taqia `kaxuri qudis msgavsia~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kavux-i, kauxa `Zveleburi Tavsaburavi; safarveli, garsi~
(lazuris fondi). Sdr. Turq. kavuk. Sdr. kauRi `kacis Tavsaburavi,
romlis boloebic TasmiT ikvreba~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kalfaR-i || kalafaR-i `qudi~. Sdr. Turq. kalpak ̀ qudi, fafaxi~.
laz. kukula1 (viw.) `berikacis qudi~ || kukuli2 `kunkuli; berikacis
(moxucis) wagrZelebuli qudi~ (Tandilava 2013). Sdr. qarT. kunkul-i ekl.
Zv. 1. berebis Tavsaxuravi – maRali qudi ukan CamoSvebuli saburaviT. 2.
qsovilis naWeri, romelSic xvevdnen embazidan amoyvanil axalmonaTlul
bavSvs. || qsovilis naWeri, romelsac uZRvnida naTlia bavSvis dedas an
TviT bavSvs (qegli IV, 1955).
laz. mJuaS-i qud-i || mJoraS-i qud-i `mzis qudi~. dido mCxvafa ren do
mJuaSi qudi epWofaminon `Zalian sicxe aris da mzis qudi unda viyido~
(Cveni masala). Sesityvebis pirveli wevri miRebulia mzis aRmniSvnel
lazur `mJua~ fuZeze naTesaobiTis –S niSnis darTviT).
laz. papax-i || fafax-i || fafaR-i `qudi~. ginon-na papaxi Cqimi qomeqCa `Tu
ginda, Cemi (boxoxis) qudi mogce~ (Ciqobava 1929, 62). aWar. fafaR-i
`brtyeli, wverfarTo, maRali qudi, cxvris tyavisagan ikereboda,
67
ZiriTadad mecxvarisa iyo~ (koberiZe 2011, 92). qarT. fafax-i (fafaxisa)
[Turq. papak] bewviani tyavis (upiratesad kravlis) maRali qudi, romelsac
ca SeiZleba amoRebuli da qsovilis (maudis) naWergamokruli hqondes
(qegli VII, 1962).
laz. semsifer-i `foCebiani qudi~ (Tandila 2013).
laz. foTeÁ – mJuaSi qudi `mzis qudi~ (Tandilava 2013). mis
paralelurad lazurSi dasturdeba: ����oteri 1. `Sapka~. 2. `tradiciul
lazur CacmulobaSi Tavze daxveuli grZeli materia~ (uzunhasanoRlu,
bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. qaCula `boxoxis qudi~ (Tandila 2013).
laz. Sapka, Saфka, Safka, Savka `qudi~. skani Sapka kai mawonen `Seni
qudi momwons~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. Turq. šapka `id~.
laz. Subara `maRali qudi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. cilindr-i `cilindri~. ginon-na cilindri egiWofa `Tu ginda,
cilindrs giyidi~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr. cilindr-i.
laz. Wilob-i (qarT.) `Wilobi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. xasiri2 `Wilobi~ (arab.-Turq. hasir) (Tandilava 2013). xasiris-Ti
razi re, dadi Cqimi `Wilobzec Tanaxma xar, Cemo deida (mamida)~ (yifSiZe
1994, 53).
laz. фes-i (Turq. fes) `Tavze dasaxuravi (fesi)~ (futkaraZe 1993, 589) ||
`wiTeli qudi, fesi~. Sdr. jan-����esi `qudi, fesi~. xojas �esi gÁoTun
`xojas fesi axuravs~ (Tandilava 2013).
am qveTavSi ganvixileT Tavsaburavi. leqsika ganvixileT ori
mimarTulebiT: davajgufeT zogadi da konkretuli saxelebi. rogorc
megrulSi, aseve lazurSi masala sakmaod gamovlinda. zogadi saxelebi
struqturuli TvalsazrisiT warmoqmnilia, nawarmoebi
saerToqaraTveluri Zirisagan, kerZod: qarT. rTu- || rT- : megr. rTv- || rT-
: laz. rTv- || Tu- || T-. konkretul saxelebSi gamovlinda Tavsaburavis
sxvadaxva saxe. struqturulad gvaqvs martivi da rTuli saxelebi.
warmomavlobis TvalsazrisiT, sakuTriv megrul-lazuri,
saerToqarTveluri da nasesxebi leqska.
68
IV qveTavi
samoslis nawilebi
zemoT ganvixileT samoslis saxeobebi: tanisamosi, fexsamosi,
Tavsaburavi. TiToeul maTgans gaaCnia Tavisi Semadgeneli nawili. am
qvejgufSi ganvixilavT tanisamosis, fexsamosis, Tavsaburavis Semadgenel
nawilebs, Sesakravebs, sartylebs, samkaulebs, mosarTavebs.
$ 1. samoslis nawilebi
1) tanisamosis nawilebi
megruli
megr. abJand-i `avJandi, uzangi, paWanaki, Sarvlis an qveda sacvlis
totze amokerebuli zonari fexis terfze amosadebad~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr. mesx. abJand-i `paWaniki, Sarvlis an qveda sacvlis totze
amokerebuli zonari fexis terfebze amosadebad~ (Rlonti 1984).
megr. azRot-i `azRudi, tansacmlis gverdebSi Cadgmuli patara zomis
iribi naWeri ganisa da iribi formis misacemad (igivea, rac bartyi,
miSadgumali, aSadgumali)~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. azRud-i `kabis
TeZos uribi~ (saba I, 1991). TuS. azRot� � � � `tyavkabis an qaTibis gverdze
Casakerebeli naWrebi~ (cocaniZe 2012). xevs. azRot-i `Coxis nawilia~
(WinWarauli 2005).
megr. aTa����unafal-i `qveS dasatanebeli, mosayolebeli.~ (qobalia 2010).
daniSnulebis saxelia, nawarmoebi ����unafa `wayvana, tareba~ zmnisagan.
kabaS aTa�unafali qipide oko `kabis qveS dasatanebeli unda viyido~
(Cveni masala).
megr. awakiral-i `winsafari; Sublze wasakravi (ZaZis naWeri)~ (qobalia
2010). kabaSi awakirali qumoTxi aka `kabaze wasakravi maTxove erTi~ (Cveni
masala). amave mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba awaforal-i `winsafari~. Sdr. forua
69
`dafarva, dafareba~ (qajaia I, 2001). awaforal-i mimReobaa da nawarmoebia
forua zmnidan, daniSnulebas gamoxatavs, awa- zmniswinia.
megr. baikart-i `gulmkerdis are~. qomicues Te kaTaq do qigmosofes
baikarti `momcvivdnen es xalxi da Semomaglijes baikarti~ (qajaia I,
2001).
megr. barty-i `tansacmelSi Casadgmeli, Casakerebeli~.
megr. bedan-i `Coxis Semadgeneli nawili.~ Coxa Sesdgeboda ramdenime
nawilisagan: ukana bedani (zurgi), romelic ukan SeiWreboda, wina ori
bedani da kalTebi (masalebi 1983, 247). saanalizo fuZeSi SeiZleba
gamoiyos bed-(an-i) Ziri, romlisTvisac amosavlad migvaCnia *bod-(an-i),
Sdr. qarT.: tyav-i : megr.: tyeb-i ← *tyob-i; qarT.: ZarRv-i : megr.: jerRv-i
← *jorRv-i. rogorc Cans, qarTvelur enebSi o→e gadasvla dasaSvebia,
rogorc Sesatyvisobis, aseve erTi enis farglebSi. SesaZlebelia,
aRniSnuli fonetikuri procesis gaTvaliswinebiT, zan. o-s moeca e da
Sesabamisad *bod-(an-i) formidan migveRo realurad arsebuli bed-an-i.
h. aWariani miiCnevs, rom baden- qarTulSi somxuris gziT aris
ebraulidan Semosuli (aWariani 1971, 374).
baden-is ebraulidan warmomavlobas iziarebs d. CubinaSvili
(CubinaSvili 1984).
mniSvnelovania iv. javaxiSvilis Sexeduleba aRniSnul sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT. mkvlevari qsovaze msjelobisas imowmebs danielis
winaswarmetyvelebis 12,6-s oSkuri xelnaweris mixedviT da aRniSnavs, rom
qsovis erT-erTi saxeoba badec iyo. is baden-i sityvis amosavlad bade-s
varaudobs (masalebi 1962, 199).
am mxriv sainteresoa m. Cuxuas Tvalsazrisi, romelic aRniSnavs, rom
qarT.: bad-en-i SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes bad-e-Si gamoyofil bad- Zirs da
aRadgens *bod-s zanurisTvis (Cuxua 2002-2003, 56, 229).
radganac qarTuli bad-(en-i) Ziris Sesatyvisad samecniero
literaturaSi zanurisTvis *bod- Ziri vlindeba, vsvamT sakiTxs qarT.
baden-: zan.(megr.) bedan- Sesatyvisobis Sesaxeb, romlisTvisac *bod-an-i
iqneboda amosavali da, zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, ar gaviziarebdiT
Sexedulebas qarT. baden- fuZis ucxouri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb.
70
megr. betk-i `salte~, s.qarTv. *betk- `salte; tkeCi~ → qarT. zan. betk-i
← batk-i, svan. betk (Cuxua 2000-2003, 66).
megr. bua, boa `sayelo~. bua bewvsac niSnavs (qobalia 2010).
megr. eiobinal-i `asabnevi~ (qobalia 2010). esec imave bin- `Sekvra~
Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi.
megr. varandik-i || varadnik-i (rus. воротник) `sayelo~. jgiri varadniki
oko guukeTeni `kargi sayelo unda gavukeTo~ (qajaia I, 2001). rusulidan
nasexeb am sityvaSi n fonemis meZoblobaSi t gamJRerebulia, Tanac erT
variantSi n gadasmulia d-s win.
megr. karTe `kalTa~ (Waraia 1997). arT dixas dimaxvenc, karTes muTun
vawucenc `erT adgilas damjdoms, kalTaze araferi daucvivdeba~
(samuSia 1971, 117). samecniero literaturaSi qarT. kalTa dakavSirebulia
megr. karTe-sTan (Tofuria 1979, 178).
megr. kile || kie `mklavi~ (saxelo). Sdr. megr. xeforCami, kileam-i ||
kieam-i `mklaviani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kink-i `nakeri, ube Sarvlisa, nifxvisa~. daq das kurTa qaTxua do
kinkis vegemdoxodava `dam das nifxavi aTxova da nakerze ar damijdeo~
(memiSiSi, Serozia 1990, 35).
megr. konk-i `kabis bolo~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kudel-i, kude-i `kudi~ (qajaia II, 2002); `kabis bolo, kabis
nawili~. TiS magirZa kaba mikaqunsu, kudeli dixas miaCerCel� `im sigrZe
kaba acvia, kabis bolos (kuds) miwaze miaTrevs (uCoCialebs)~ (Cveni
masala).
megr. luba (kilanava 1998) || l����ba (yifSiZe 1994) || uba || liba (martv.)
`ube~ Sdr, laz. uba `ube, mkerdi~ (mari 1910). sqani dudi qomuCasi lubaSi
dinaxunafalo `Seni Tavi momca, ubeSi Casasmelad~ (samuSia 1971, 143).
megr. manja `maja~ (samoslis) (Cveni masala) || manJet-i `maja~ (qobalia
2010).
megr. naT-i `weli (tanisamosisa)~ (Waraia 1997) || naTiu || naTia `nakeri;
tansacmlis zeda ukana mxare; sxvisi kerZi; nawiladevi~ (qobalia 2010).
71
megr. obinal-i `sakinZe, sakinZi (perang. da sxv) (Sesakravebi) (Waraia
1997). leqsema warmoqmnilia binua `Sekvra~ zmnisagan o-al afiqsebiT.
megr. olar-i `olari~. olara nina `grZeli ena~. Sdr. larafa ninaSi
(qajaia II, 2002). papas olari mukaqunsu `mRvdels olari acvia~ (Cveni
masala). qarT. olar-i 1) `mRvdlis yels sakidi~; 2) `sartyeli~ (saba I,
1991). olar-i (berZn. orarion) `mRvdlis samoslis nawili, _ yelze
Camosacmeli grZeli da viwro, oqromkediT naqargi qsovili~ (qegli VI,
1960).
megr. o����ale || o����aleS-i `sayelo~ (kilanava 1998). aTe kabaSa o�aleSi
mafu okeTebeli `am kabisTvis sayelo maqvs gasakeTebeli~ (Cveni masala).
o����ale warmoqmnili sityvaa, miRebuli ����al- fuZisagan o-e daniSnulebis
afiqsis darTviT, o����aleS-s ki naT. brunvis –S sufiqsic erTvis.
megr. pij-i `sapire~ (piji do sarCuli `sapire da sarCuli~) (Waraia
1997).
megr. ruSqo `kirkinti kurTaSi g�Ta�unafali (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. rRia `iRlia~. kabaSi rRia naptani alaWkirili afudu `kabis
iRlia nametani amoWrili hqonda~ (Cveni masala).
megr. sarRio `saiRlie Wrili samosisa; avgarozi, romelic iRliis
xazze unda miekros balRis tansacmels~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. sarCul-i `sarCuli~. piji do sarCuli `sapire da sarCuli~
(Waraia 1997). e kabas sarCuli vanoRve `am kabas sarCuli ar hqonia~ (Cveni
masala). sarCul-i miRebulia rC- Zirze sa-ul afiqsebis darTviT. Sdr.
qarT. sarCul-i 1. tansacmlis, sabnisa da misT. SigniTa pirad
gamokerebuli qsovili. 2. risame qveS simagrisaTvis amodebuli sagani, _
qvesadebi. 3. gadat. mizezi, sababi (qegli VI, 1960).
megr. safulaqo `saRile, Ril-kilo~ (qobalia 2010). safulaqo mafu
eSaWkirali `saRile maqvs amosaWreli~ (Cveni masala). nawarmoebi sityvaa,
miRebulia fulaq- `Rili~ fuZeze sa-o afiqsis darTviT.
megr. fota `fuTa, winsafari~. jveSo osurefi fotas iWandes `Zvelad
qalebi winsafars ikeravdnen~ (Cveni masala). forCisagan qalebi fotas
ikeravdnen. aiRebdnen erT gans, miakerebdnen zonars da win Semoikravdnen.
mkerdidan barZayamdis hqondaT Semoxveuli didi zomis oTxkuTxa an
72
sworkuTxa naWeri, romelsac iyeneben foTlis (TuTis, Cais) Sesaxvevad da
gadasatanad (masalebi 1983, 240, 245). gur. fota `raime Tavmokruli~. zan.
fota `raime Tavmokruli, winsafari~ (JRenti 1936, 25). a. Wanturias
ganmartebiT, fotas muSa qalebi Romis cexvis dros ikeTebdnen,
axlandeli winsafris magier (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). Sdr. laz. fota.
megr. qila `qila (Coxis masra)~, qileb-i `Coxis masrebi~. RarTi vamokon
do qila `Coxa ar minda da masra~ (samuSia 1971, 122). masra keTdeba irmisa
da kameCis rqisagan. saWiroa, agreTve, urTxela. rqa ganiT gadaixerxeba
or-ori TiTis sifarToeze, TiToeuli nawili iTleba najaxiT da
WibursaniT sufTavdeba da Semdeg SalaSiT gaixvriteba. Zvelad qila
gaxvretili iyo da ramiT gamotenili. XX s-is 30-ian wlebSi qilis Tavi
ar aris gaxvretili. urTxela daiWreba, TiToeuli sami TiTis sigrZisa,
Semdeg daniT gaiTleba da gaiwmindeba, garSemoweriloba unda iyos 6
santimetri. am xeebs erT TavSi Wdeebi aqvT. rqebsa da xeebs erTmaneTSi
Caayeneben da Tevzis weboTi daawepeben. irmis rqas da urTxelis xes Sua
Caayoleben kameCis an Txis rqis zols. qilebis zoma: sigrZe _ 9 sm,
irgvliv _ 6 sm. erT Coxas sWirdeba 20 cali qila (masalebi 1983, 240).
Sdr. qarT. qila 1. pirfarTo, umuclo WurWeli Tixisa, minisa _ erbosa,
murabisa da misT. Sesanaxavad da mawvnis Casadedeblad. 2. am WurWlis
tevadobisa. 3. kuTx. (imer. gur.) marcvleulis, fqvilis sawyao, udris erT
fuTs. 4. kuTx. (qarTl. imer. gur.) igivea, rac masra (qegli VII, 1962).
megr. saqilo `saqile, samasre (Coxisa); safqvile (tomara)~ (qobalia
2010) || saqile `samasre~ (qajaia II, 2002). saanalizo formebi qila-sgan
miRebulia sa-e da sa-o afiqsebiT.
megr. quba `qoba, tanisamosis nawili~ (Waraia 1997; qajaia III, 2002). quba
geiTuSqvi do kaba deginzarebu `qobi gamouSvi da kaba dagrZeldeba~
(qajaia III, 2002). Sdr. qarT. qoba (qobisa) 1. samoslis boloze Signidan
xelis sibrtyed Semovlebuli sarCuli. 2. gadat. saerTod, zoli risame
kideze (qegli VII, 1962).
megr. Caq-i `Coxis garRveuli gverdebi~ (masalebi 1983, 242). Caq-i
`samosis Caxsnili gverdi, yuri samoslisa, romelSic iyreba qamari,
Caquri (igivea, rac Carq-i); mokle, damaxinjebuli fexi~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr. Caq-i `kalTis Senaxevi~ (saba I, 1991). qarT. Caqi (spars. Cak `xvreli,
73
tanisamosis gaxeuli adgili~) 1. amoukeravad datovebuli adgili zeda
samosis gverdiT kalTebze. 2. kuTx. (kax. TuS. xevs.) gamoSverili nawili
Coxis an axaluxis ukana kalTebis gadanakerebSi (welTan) (qegli VIII,
1964). Sdr. aWar. Caq-i `CaWrili maja~ (koberiZe 2011, 90). ix. megr. Careqami
osare.
megr. CxviCxv-i `fesvi; samoslis SemoZenZili bolo; ZenZ-foCi; simindis,
bostneulis katari~ (qobalia 2010). kabas CxviCxvi guTabu `kabas ZenZ-foCi
abia qvemodan~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. CxviCxv-i `fesvi~. megr. CxviCxv-i m.
Cuxua ganxiluli aqvs s.qarTvelur fuZed: qarT. cocx-i, svan. CeCx- ||
CaCx- (zs, qs,) `cocxi~ da s.-qarTv. aRadgens *cocx- `cocxi, fesvi~ fuZes
(Cuxua 2000-2003, 327).
megr. wel-i `weli sxeulis an samoslisa~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT.
weli1 `adamianis sxeulis nawili _ neknebis dasasrulsa da TeZos Zvlebs
Soris~ (qegli VIII, 1964).
megr. xeforCa `saxelo (tanisamosis)~ (Waraia 1997). xeforCa ← xe+forCa
`xeli + perangi~ (perangis xeli). Sdr. laz. forCa `perangi~ (n. mari).
sityvis warmomavlobisTvis mniSvnelovania m. Cuxuas Sexeduleba: zan
(megr.) {forC-a}, xe-forC-a `saxeluri~. Wan. forC-a `perangi~, xeforCa,
qarT. fanc-i `qsovili~ (zogadad), fac-er-i `Tevzis maxe~ (saba), fac-er-
kod-i `tredis maxe~ (saba), svan. f����C-i (zs), faC-l-8888l `bavSvis naqsovi
fexsacmeli~. s.qarTv. *fac- `qsova, qsovili~ → qarT. {facfacfacfac----}, fanc-i (←
fac-i), fac-er-i, zan. forCa (←←←← foC-a), svan. f����C- || faC- (Cuxua 2000-2003, 232).
megr. jibe `jibe~. sqani Sarvals jibe goxarcqu `Sens Sarvals jibe
gaxevia~ (Cveni masala). qarTulSi nasesxebia arabulidan, xolo qarTulis
gziT damkvidrebulia megrulSi. Sdr. qarT. jibe (arab. Jib) 1. zeda
tansacmelze mikerebuli patara parki fulis, cxvirsaxocis da misT.
Casadebad. || aseTi daniSnulebis saTavsi Cemodnis, parkis da sxva
gverdebze. 2. anat. Rru, upe, romelSic Tavsdeba zogierTi organo (qegl
VIII, 1964). es mniSvnelobebi megrul jibesac udasturdeba.
74
lazuri
laz. bob-i `sacvlis ube~ (Cveni masala). qarTulis dialeqtebSi
dasturdeba: bab-l-i, bab-l-eb-i 1) `sabnis qveda piris gadmonakeci gulis
garSemo~; 2) `muTaqis piris Tavebi (sxva qsovilisa)~; 3) `Sarvlis ubis Si-
da nawili~. qiziyurSi bab-l-i, bab-l-eb-i `naqargis erT-erTi saxea, samku-
Txedad naqsovi~.
migvaCnia, rom qarTlur-qiziyuri bab-l-is fonetikur-semantikuri Sesa-
tyvisi Cans lazur metyvelebaSi dadasturebuli bob- fuZe, Sdr. laz.
bob-i `Sarvlis an sacvlis ube~.
mocemuli qarTul-zanuri fuZeebi semantikurad igiveobrivia, xolo
fonetikurad qarTuli a: zanuri o Sesatyvisoba eWvs ar iwvevs; qarTul
dialeqtebSi povnieri fuZiseuli -l- lazurSi SeiZleba dakarguli iyos.
laz. bobR-i `konki~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. gerCafule (ge-rC-af-ul-e) `sarCuli~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr.
sarCuli.
laz. gorCalu (go-rC-al-u) `winsafari~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. gotkale (go-tk-al-e) `saTave (betki)~ (Cveni masala). nawarmoebia
gotkala `Semortyma~ zmnisagan.
laz. gowaki(r)u (go-wa-kir-u) `winsafari~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 79).
amave mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba fanTuki `winsafari~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. gowakorale (go-wa-kor-al-e) || gowakoru (go-wa-kor-u) ||
kowoTvala (ko-wo-Tv-al-a) `winsafari~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleq-
siva 2007).
laz. kowankoru (ko-wa-n-kor-u) || kowoTvalu (ko-wo-Tv-al-u) `winsafari~
(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
winsafris aRmniSvneli es leqsikuri erTeulebi miRebulia k- `kvris~
aRmniSvneli Zirisagan, romelic sxvadasxva zmniswiniTaa gaformebuli.
laz. gur-pij-i `gul-mkerdi (kabis)~ (Cveni masala).
laz. Telik-i `saRile~. Telikef-e `saRileebi~. aÁa forCas TeliRefe
va uRun `am perangs saRileebi ar aqvs~ (Cveni masala).
laz. kalamb-i `rezinis gasayreli adgili tansacmelSi~ (Tandilava
2013).
75
laz. konk-i `naxevi, WinWi~. konkefeTen gebueli Sarvali
`WinWebdakerebuli Sarvali~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. konk-i.
laz. kuCx-i `Sarvlis toti~. kuCxefe `Sarvlis totebi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. (xeSi) mendikon-i `maja~ (Cveni masala).
laz. mbela `WinWi, naWeri; nawili~ (Tandilava 2013). qCe mbela
gegirCare `TeTri naWeri unda dagifino~ (Ciqobava 1936, 58).
laz. oba (obafe) (lazuris fondi) || uba `ube~ (Cveni masala). koCisTi
muTxani obas qomulobRu `kacsac raRaca ubeSi Cauyara~ (kartozia 1970,
105).
laz. omuzluR-i `samxre~ (Turq. omuzluk). burzas omuzluRi medgimuSi
ren `bluzaze samxre misakerebeli aris~ (Tandilava 2013). miRebulia
Turq. omuz `mxari~ fuZeze -luk `daniSnulebis afiqsis darTviT.
laz. pintola || ����tili (viw.) `nawili, nafleTi~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujak-
liSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. piSTimale `mosaxuravi, winsafari~. uCa piSTimale mogoTume do
dogoxunaf, gÁelini Cqimi `Sav mosaxuravs dagafareb da dagsvam, Cemo
patarZalo~ (Ciqobava 1929, 139).
laz. podia `kalTa~. gowakiruS podias uRun azuRi `winsafriT
daatarebs saWmelsa~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 79).
laz. falasqa `kabis qveda nawilze momatebuli figuronis nawili~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. faloTefe `samxreebi~. mxujis faloTefe geWeri uRutu `mxarze
samxreebi dakerili hqonda~ (Cveni masala).
laz. feS-i `naWeri (kabis)~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. aWar. feS-i (koberiZe
2011, 90).
laz. qena `gverdi (kabis)~ (Cveni masala).
laz. yal-i || oyale || yaliSi || Áaqa `sayelo~. oyale memidgi || memiWi
forCaSa `kabaze sayelo mimidgi || mimikere~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr. o����ale.
a. TandilavasTan aRniSnulia, rom laz. Áaqa momdinareobs amave
mniSvnelobis Turq. yaka formisagan (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Ska || Sqa `weli, TeZo~. Coxas Skas qemeri uRutes `Coxaze, welze
qamari hqondaT~ (Cveni masala).
76
laz. Ralajij-i || xelajij-i `iRlia~ (mari 1910; lazuris fondi).
laz. xe `samosis mklavi~. Sdr. xeon-i `mklaviani~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bu-
jakliSi, aleqsiva 2007). ar xeoni forCa ebWofare `erTi mklaviani
(xeliani) perangi unda viyido (Cveni masala).
laz. xenWal-i `maja~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. xeforCa `samosis mklavi~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva
2007). xeforCaSen xe qegamiRu `mklavidan xeli gamoiRo~ (Cveni masala).
laz. jebe `jibe~ (asaT., 32, 5) || jib-i || jebe (Sdr. Turq. Jep) (lazuris
fondi). jebes fara va miRun hiC `jibeSi fuli ara maqvs sruliad~
(asaTiani 1974, 32). andronikaSvilis azriT, momdinareobs spars. JJJJ9999b
formidan (andronikaSvili 1996, 215). ix. megr. jibe.
laz. ����orkaSi ����uj-i `kabis kalTa (bolo)~. emus �orkaSi �uji qanuWkiu
e-do qoSinaxu `imas kabis kalTa moaWra da Seinaxa~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
Zv. qarT. yur-i `tansacmlis kabis kudi~ (abulaZe 1973).
2) fexsamosis nawilebi
megruli
megr. boRaz-i 1) navisebri amonaWrebi fexsacmlisa, wuRisa~; 2) `yure,
navmisadgomi; sabalaxo~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. Turq. boğaz.
megr. inarCafal-i `Casafeni~ (Cveni masala). CaflaSi inarCafalq diSir�
`fexsacmlis Casafeni gacvTa~. Sdr. megr. rC- (rCa-fa) `dafena~. am zmnuri
Ziridan aris nawarmoebi mocemuli sityva: ina-rC-af-al-i. is daniSnulebis
saxelia.
megr. naCa `ena~. igivea, rac narCa `lanCa, Ziri~ (qobalia 2010); Sdr.
megr. narCakuCx-i `lanCa, fexis Ziri, terfi.~ (qajaia II, 2002); qorTuli
Cafla mugoZuna naCa giToputorili `qarTuli fexsacmeli gacviaT lanCa
(terfi) gamoglejili~ (beriZe 1920, 11). Sdr. naCaqur-i `quslis nerCi.~
qarT. lanCa 1) `sqeli tyavi fexsacmlis Zirisa~; 2) (qiz.) `iatakis
ficris qveS datanebuli soli an nafoti simagrisaTvis~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. paWanak-i `paWanaki, fexze gasayreli.~ sacveTs qvemoT paWanaki aqvs
77
fexis gasayreli (qajaia II, 2002). adre paWanakefi uCqudes `adre paWanaki
(fexze gasayreli) icodnen~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. javax. paWanik-i `fexis
koWisa da muxlis Tvlamde Casacmeli moqsovili wvivsakravi~ (beriZe
1981).
megr. CaflaSi niCvi `fexsacmlis cxviri~. CaflaSi niCvi doSirele
`fexsacmlis cxviri gacveTila~ (Cveni masala).
megr. sajinje `saZire~ (wuRasTvis) (masalebi 1983, 249). daniSnulebis
saxelia, nawarmoebia megr. jinj- `Ziri~ saxelisagan sa-e prefiqs-sufiqsis
meSveobiT.
lazuri
laz. qur-i || qui `fexsacmlis qusli~ (mari 1910). Cqar giZiruni xamfaS
kulani maRali quroni papuwefeTe `ginaxavs saerTod xamfas qaliSvili
maRalquslianifexsacmliT~ (JRenti 1938, 159).
laz. modvaluS-i nena (Cveni masala).
laz. modvaluS-i Cxvind-i `fexsacmlis cxviri~ (Cveni masala).
2) Tavsaburavis nawilebi
megruli
megr. kant-i `kanti~. qicas sqvamas qugu�une kanti `Tavsafars lamazad
Semoatare (Semoayole) kanti~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kanti2 (germ. kanke
rusuli enis meSveobiT) `qsovilis viwro zoli tanisamosis kideze
movlebuli an nakerSi Cayolebuli. || raime masalis viwro zoli,
Semovlebuli risame kideebze~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. kowol-i `nawnavi, konkrixoze datovebuli Tma, kululu, foCi,
naZenZi, kenwero, kunwuli; wverokina; qudisa da Cabalaxis wveti~ (qobalia
2010). TuSuri kowol���� 1) `Tmis nawnavi~, 2) `siTxis duRilis Sxefi~
(cocaniZe 2012).
megr. qicaSi wkvet-i || wkvent-i `Tavsafris wveti, wveri~ (qajaia III, 2002)
|| megr. qicaS-i wvand-i `Tavsafris wveri~ (Cveni masala).
78
megr. qudiS-i ����uj-i `qudis yuri~ (Cveni masala).
lazuri
laz. qudiS-i kukut-i `qudis yuri~.
laz. mimiti `qalis Tavsaburavis boloebi~ (Tandilava 2013).
$ 2. samoslis Sesakravebi; sartylebi
megruli
megr. aTakiral-i `qveS amosakvreli, misabmeli~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. akabinal-i `sakinZe, Sesabnevi~ (qobalia 2010). mimReoba, nawarmoebi
binua `Sebneva, Sekvra~ zmnisagan.
megr. ampour-i, ampeur-i `Tasma, apeuri~. || ampur-i || ampura. Sdr. Zv qarT.
apaur-i.
megr. band-i `blondi, bondi, wvrili Tasma an Toki, romelsac
saxlarTad iyeneben~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. band-i (spars. bänd)
`Sekvra~, `naskvi~, `wvrili Toki an Tasma saxlarTad, mosakravad
gamoyenebuli~, `Wrilobis Sesaxvevi (qsovili)~ (qegli II, 2010).
megr. bant-i `bafTi, lenti, zonari~ (yifSiZe 1994). Sdr. qarT. bant-i
(germ bang) `wyvilad gamoskvnil-gamoyulfuli lenti~ (qegli I, 2008).
megr. gaskval-i || gasqval-i `gasakvanZi, Sesakravi, gasafskvneli~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. dalal-i igivea, rac kakula (qajaia I, 2001).
megr. dugmeb-i `Sesakravi (Coxis saxelosi)~ (masalebi 1983, 242). Sdr.
qarT. dugma `liTonis erTgvari Sesakravi, _ liTonis Ril-kilo, xrika.
eniani~ (qegli III, 1953).
megr. emaxuW-i `tomris gadanakecSi gayrili Tavis mosakravi zonari;
manJeti, totebis bolos Sesakvreli, xvanjari, yiTa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. zmeika `elva (zmeika)~ (Cveni masala). zmeika gafu gonwy�mili
`elva gaqvs Sexsnili~ (Cveni masala). nasesxebia rusulidan.
79
megr. zort-i `zorti, grZeli Sesakravi~ (Waraia 1997). TuSuri zolt����
`tansacmlis Sesakravi naWris brtyeli zonari~ (cocaniZe 2012). Sdr.
qarT. zort-i `larisagan samoseli SesakinZavi~ (saba I, 1991). qarT. zorti
`qsovilis viwro zoli, zonari, romliTac ikraven tanisamosis ama Tu im
nawils~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. Tasma `Tasma, Rvedi~ (Waraia 1997). Sdr. qarT. grZlad da wvrilad
gamoWrili tyavis zonari, _wvrili Rvedi~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. kak-i `Rili abreSumis grexilisa (zogjer masSi atmis Rersac
Caawnavdnen, rom bzinvareba Semateboda, akerebdnen axaluxze, qalis
Zvirfas samosze~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kakeb-i `Rilebi~. kakebi keTdeboda grexilisagan, romelic
abreSumisgan iyo damzadebuli, zogjer kakebs TmiTac amkobdnen
(masalebi 1983, 241, 246). ix. laz. kik-i `Sesakravi~.
megr. kancxu `kauWi, dugma~ (qobalia 2010) || kacxu `qinZisTavi~ (qajaia
II, 2002).
megr. kanjo `kanjo~ (Waraia 1997), martvilurSi niSnavs `qinZisTavs~.
Sdr. qarT. kanjo 1) `dugma~; `ankesi, nemskavi~ 2) `galavnis qongurebi,
borblis kbilebi~ ← Turq. qanǏǏǏǏa `dugma~; `ankesi, nemskavi~ (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. kurTaer-i (l dakargulia) || kurTalar-i `xvanjari~. p. Waraia am
sityvas Slis amgvarad: kurTa `sacvali~ + lari `Zafi, simi~ e.i. nifxavis
Zali (Waraia 1997).
megr. lar-i `lari, simi abreSumisa; naqsovi sartyeli, xvanjari~
(qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. lar-i 1. saqonlis nawlavisa an myesisagan
gakeTebuli simi (Conguris, fanduris an misTanaTaTvis), _ alya, Zali. 2.
gaWimuli bawari (Toki, Zafi...) sxvadasxva daniSnulebisa (qegli IV, 1955).
megr. lekverTx-i || ÁekverTx-i || ÁakverTx-i || lekverTxeb-i
`lakverTxebi,~ `wvivsakravi~ (masalebi 1983, 245). Sdr. lekverTxia
`lekverTxi, wvivsakravi, paWiWis Sesakravi enebiani Rvedi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. manik-i `balTa (igivea, rac barTa)~; Rilkilo; sakravis yelze
dakruli firfita (igivea, rac maliki = xis patara firfita, fanduris
yelSi gasayreli, romelzedac dakvris dros TiTebs daatareben);
abzinda, saCxvleteli rkinisa~ (qobalia 2010).
80
megr. martyafal-i (ma-rty-af-al-i) `sartyeli, Semosartymeli~ (qobalia
2010). warmoebiT mimReobaa, miRebuli rtyafa `mortyma~ zmnisagan ma- da –
al afiqsebiT.
megr. ortyafu (o-rty-af-u) `sartyeli~ (qajaia II, 2002) || ortkafu
`sartyeli~. is saerToqarTveluri fuZea: qarT. sartyel-i zan (megr.) ||
ortkafu zan (Wan.) otkafu (Ciqobava 1938, 60).
megr. oskval-i (o-skv-al-i) `Sesakravi, gasanaskvi, gasafskvneli~
(qobalia 2010). mimReoburi formaa, nawarmoebi skuala `Sekvra~ zmnisagan
o-al afiqsebiT.
megr. sadaf-i `folaqi, Rili~ (Waraia 1997). dasturdeba lazurSic,
romelic Turqulidan unda iyos Semosuli. Sdr. Turq. sedef `Rili~.
megr. folaq-i || fulaq-i `folaqi~ (Waraia 1997) || faÁaq-i (banZ.-martv.)
(qajaia III, 2002). raW. folaq-i < spars. (beriZe 1912). megrulSi dasturdeba
Rilis saxeoba: kuCxam fulaq-i `fexela, dafexili Rili sqeli
qsovilisaTvis (Coxaze ician)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. SimSi – `qamris Zewkvi~ (qajaia IV, 2009).
megr. SqverT-i `Tasma, Solti~ (kilanava 1998). m. Cuxuas aqvs aseTi
dakavSireba: zan. (megr.) SqverT-i, SqverT-, SqverT-ia `Solti~. qarT.
Solt-, Solt-i `tyavis anaWeri grZlad~ (saba) (Cuxua 2000-2003, 308).
megr. CafariaS-i || CafareS-i `firfitiT naqsovi abreSumis zonari, arSia
tansacmlis mosarTavad an nakerebze mosavlebad~ (qobalia 2010).
nawarmoebia Cafaria fuZisagan naT. brunvis –Si sufiqsis meSveobiT.
megr. Wapu `qalamnis amosakravi Tasma, wvrili Toki; erTgvari
salocavi; bavSvi rom siarulis dawyebas daagviandeba, Wapus
gamoulocavdnen, mozrdil kvers akvakvars gamoacxobdnen, balRs wiTeli
ZafebiT Semokravdnen, samzadis karTan daayenebdnen, vinmes mezoblis
balRTan akvakvars natexs miscemdnen xelSi, ezos Semoarbeninebdnen da
ityodnen, RmerTo, maCvene, esec ase darbodeso, morbenali bolos Sekrul
balRsac gaurbenda da wvivebze Zafebs Seawyvetda. sam dReSi igi fexs ar
dgamda~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. xarTa `Semosakravi, Semosavlebi~ (kilanava 1998).
81
megr. xvanjar-i Sesakravi (masalebi 1983, 241). Sdr. qarT. xvanjar-i
`Sarvlis saTaurSi gasayreli zonari (qsovdnen abreSumis Zafisagan)~
(qegli VIII, 1964).
lazuri
laz. gotkafu (go-tk-af-u) `qamari~ || gotkale (go-tk-al-e) || otyafu (o-
ty-af-u) `SkaSi qemeჲ~ (Cveni masala) || otkafu (yifSiZe 1994) || gotkaloni
(go-tk-al-on-i) || gotkafule (go-tk-af-u-le) `sartyeli~ (Tandilava 2013).
oxoiSa mexTu-Si otkafu qaguiwku `Sin rom mivida, sartyeli Seixsna~
(asaTiani 1974, 43).
laz. zipa `Sesakravi Tasma~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Toi fusqulon-i (lazuris fondi) `welze Semosartyami~. Sdr.
Turq. tor.
laz. Toka `qamari~ (naqsovi `Toki~) || ToW-i || mTuk-i || Tuk-i (mari 1910,
lazuris fondi) (Turq. < ital.) toka `balTa~. Toka qogovitki `qamari
Semovirtyi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. Tor-i || ToÁ `erTgvari qamari~ (naqsovi). ToÁ formaSi r aris
Cavardnili. gvaqvs agreTve Tor-i `naqsovi qamari~. xeSen noSvale-Ti
guSudumelan ― &a Tori en, metaqsiSi &a nokefeSi iyven `xeliT
moqsovilsac gauyrian, is aris Tori, abreSumis iqneba an Zafis~ (Ciqobava
1929, 150). a. TandilavasTan gvxvdeba misi paraleluri saxeobebi, romelTa
sityvis TavSi gaCenilia m an n: mTor-i || nTor-i `abreSumis foCebiani
qamari~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. koklewa (aTin.) `welze mosartymeli Savi naWeri~ (uzunhasanoRlu,
bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kuspiWi || kukuli (furt.) `windebis erTmaneTTan misamagrebeli,
dasakavSirebeli patara Rili~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva
2007).
laz. kuSaRi `welze Semosaxvevi~ (Turq. kušak) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. laTinka || kolTuRa `monadiris welze Semosartymeli
tyviebisTvis~ (Cveni masala);
82
laz. motkale `sartyeli, qamari~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. okokoron-i || okokironi `Sesakravi Tasma~ (Tandilava 2013). Sdr.
megr. akakiral-i.
laz. ortkafu || ortafu || otkafu || otkapu `qamari, sartyeli~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. sirim-i `qalamnis gasyreli, Sesakravi tyavisa.~ (Cveni masala) ||
sirma (Turq. sirma) `sirma, yaiTani~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. ффффiSeluR-i `monadiris qamari~ (Cveni masala).
laz. qeme(r)-i `qamari~ (Turq. kemer) `sartyeli, qamari~ > Cemer-i
(lazuris fondi). samecniero literaturis mixedviT, qarT. qamar-i ←
spars. kamar `qamari~, os. kamari `qalis qamari~ ← qarT. (abaevi 1958, 570).
laz. Rved-i `zonari~. qalamaniS-i Rved-i `fexsacmlis zonari~. Rvedi
va uRuntan-Si, kinafiTen xolo Wafan, amma ordo dosTun `zonari Tu ar
aqvT, kanafiTac keraven, magram male fuWdeba~ (Ciqobava 1929, 165).
laz. Sib-i `sartyeli~. samecniero literaturaSi es fuZe miiCneva
s.qarTvelurad: Wan. Sib-i `zonari~, qarT. siba `sartylis adgili.
sasartyle~, svan. Sib (zs., lnt.) `xvanjari~ (Cuxua 2000-2003, 204).
laz. Ziminji `daTvis an Roris tyavisagan damzadebuli qamari~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. xamaili (viw.) || qÁaSi || hemaili (aTin.) `welis qamari~ (Turq. hamail)
(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
$ 3. samkaulebi
megruli
megr. beWed-i `beWedi~. moWyudus xes briliantiSi beWedi magudu
`patarZals xelze briliantis beWedi ekeTa~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT.
beWed-i 1. samkauli TiTze Camosacmeli Zvirfasi liTonis an sxva masalis
rgoli (xSirad, _ TvlebiT mooWvili). (qegli I, 2008).
83
megr. broCka || broSka gulsabnevi (Cveni masala). paltoSa skvami broSka
qimkubinafudu `paltoze lamazi gulsabnevi daebnia~. nasesxebia
rusulidan.
megr. kakal- `kakali (cali); marcvali; mZivi; Roris avadmyofoba,
fetvela (xorcSi fetvis marcvaliviT daayris da mavnebels xdis. ix.
Cxvere, fatlenji)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kakila `krialosani, mZivebis asxmula (akvanze kidebdnen);
gvirilas msgavsi dabali balaxi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kobiWa `mkerdze dasakidi qalebisaTvis, mTlianad vercxliT da
oqroTi moWedili samkauli, qalebi atarebdnen mkerdze, Cafrazis~
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. marwkind-i `beWedi; mbrwyinavi, brWyviala; sawindari; cicinaTela~.
Sdr. megr. marwkindia `cicinaTela; cimcima~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. oqroWkadil-i `oqroWedili, oqros nakeToba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. qiniste `qinZisTavi~ || qinZisTe igivea, rac qiniste `qinZisTavi~
(qajaia III, 2002). samkaulic aris.
megr. SimS-i `qamris Zewkvi~ (qajaia IV, 2009).
megr. Cafrazi `farTo, kavis msgavsi, waldis formis Sesakravi, mkerdze
ikeTebdnen~; Cafrazi beWili `dawnuli, Zewkviani, romelic xmas
gamoscemda~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. CiRilouri `oqros an vercxlis samkerde, samkauli, Tvlebiani
(Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. cef-i `jaWvi~ (Cveni masala). baRanas nanaTa cefi qigiobune
`bavSvs naTlobis Zewkvi dahkide~.
megr. Zewkv-i || Zewv-i `Zewkvi~, `wvrili jaWvi~ (qajaia III, 2002). gvxvdeba
sabasTanac: Zewkv-i, Zewk (saba I, 1991).
megr. Zia `mZivi~; `Tevzis qviriTis Semadgeneli calkeuli Zafi,
asxmula~ (qobalia 2010). baRanaq Zia gomsofu `bavSvma mZivi damirRvia~
(Cveni masala).
megr. xati Zewkviani `oqros an vercxlis Zewkvi, TerTmetjer hqonda
xats Semovlebuli, qalebi atarebdnen mkerdze samkaulad~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
84
lazuri
laz. bilezuRi `samajuri~. nasesxebia Turqulidan. Sdr. Turq. bilezik
(Tandilava 2013). man alTuniSi bilezuRi miRun `me oqros samajuri
maqvs~ (Cveni masala).
laz. gebunafale (ge-bun-af-al-e) || kiseriSi gebunafale
`Camosakidebeli, dasakidi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. godvaloni (go-dv-al-on-i) `samajuri~. xeSi godvaloni ginoni
`samajuri (xelze Semosadebi) ginda?~ (Cveni masala). nawamoebi saxelia,
miRebuli godvalu `Semovleba~ zmnaze –on sufiqsis darTviT (Tandilava
2013).
laz. dada-kaka `aWrelebuli, nair-nairi samkauli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. dolokidon-i (dolo-kid-on-i) `Camosakidebeli (yelze)~ || alis
dolokidoni (asaTiani 2012). muTu alis dolokidoni giRuni `raime yelze
dasakidebeli gaqvs?~ (Cveni masala).
laz. elanjuR-i `vercxlis Zewkvi, gulze dasakidi~ (lazuris fondi) ||
ilanjuR `yelze dasakidi Zewkvi~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 114).
laz. zenjir-i || zenjil-i || zenjin-i || zinjir-i `jaWvi, Zewkvi~.
momdinareobs sparsulidan `jaWvi~ (koberiZe 2011, 30).
laz. Tabla (Turq. tepelik) `Tavsamkauli qalisa~ (mari 1910).
laz. Taji `gvirgvini~. nasesxebia sparsulidan Turqulis meSveobiT
(Sdr. spars.-Turq. tač) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Tingiri `sayure~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Tilisimi `Tilisma~. ar Tilisimi quRutu, �alis dolobutu
`erTi Tilisma hqonda, yelze ekida~ (Ciqobava 1929, 91).
laz. TuRi `gvirgvini~. TuRi gelogocigesi? `gvirgvini wamogacves?~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. kumb-i `qalis samkauli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. mawkindi || mawindri `beWedi (TiTze wamosacmeli)~. ix. megr.
marwkindi.
laz. mindal-i `medali~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. moni `mZivi~. Sdr. gvari moniava.
85
laz. muxuri1 (spars.) `beWedi, Stampi~ (Tandilava 2013). baba-CqimiSi
muxui miRunÁa `mamaCemis beWedi maqvso~ (kartozia 1972, 157).
laz. nusqa || nuska `avgarozi~. nasesxebia Turqulidan. Sdr. Turq. nuska.
lazurSi gvxvdeba misi fonetikuri varianti: muska `avgarozi (Tilisma)
(patara, piriT dasakravi)~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. o����uje `yursakidi, sayure~ (Tandilava 2013). nawarmoebi sityvaa,
miRebuli yuris aRmniSvnel ����uj- Zirze daniSnulebis o-e afiqsis
darTviT. Sdr. megr. o����uje `id~.
laz. qჲჲჲჲosteR-i (Turq. köstek) `Zewkvi~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. yaliS saat-i `gulis (yelis) saaTi~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. yujiS-i `yursakidi, sayure~ (Tandilava 2013). nawarmoebi sityvaa,
miRebuli yuris aRmniSvnel ����uj- Zirze naTesaobiTi brunvis –iS
bolosarTis darTviT, e.i. `yurisa~. lazurSi am mniSvnelobiT
dasturdeba Sesityvebebic: ����uji dolokidale || yujiSi dolokidale ||
����ujis gelakidon-i `sayure (yurze dasakidebeli)~.
laz. qÁufe `sayure~. nasesxebia Turqulidan. Sdr. Turq. küpe ̀ id~.
laz. hilanjuR-i `qalis yelze Camosakidi vercxlis Zewkvi~ (Tandilava
2013).
$ 4. samoslis mosarTavebi
megruli
megr. barTa `balTa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. gasanwyo || mosanwyo `gasawyobi, mosarTavi~ (Waraia 1997).
warmoqmnili sityvaa, nawarmoebia nwyuala `mowyoba~ zmnisagan sa-o
daniSnulebis afiqsebisa da ga- an mo- zmniswinebis darTviT. Sdr. laz.
mowyvinu.
megr. kruJao || yruJao || yurJao `maqmani~ (Cveni masala). ix. laz. TenTene
|| tisma.
megr. kuWul-i, kuWula `foCi~.
megr. mosarTe (mo-sa-rT-e) `mosarTavi~ (Waraia 1997).
86
megr. ruSqi `kirkintami kurTaSi giTa�unafali (r) Rili~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
megr. sirma `sayeloze Semosavlebi~ (masalebi 1983, 241). Sdr. qarT.
sirma `sxvaTa enaa, qarTulad oqros-Tma hqvian~ (saba I, 1991). gvxvdeba
aWarulSic: aWar. sirmian-i (Turq. sirma) `naqargi~ (koberiZe 2011, 88).
megr. foCv-i `foCi~ || foCveb-i `Zvelad farTo naqsovi sartyeli
hqondaT, ganiT erTi mtkaveli. sartyels ori bolo hqonda, romlebsac
foCvebi ekera. ikravdnen marcxena mxareze rgvlad gamokrulad~ (masalebi
1983, 242, 248). Sdr. aWar. foCv-i `Zafis kona~ (koberiZe 2011, 89).
megr. yaiTan-i `gasawyobi masala~ (masalebi 1983, 248).
lazuri
laz. dalalefe `qamarze Camokidebuli rkiniani tyavis Camosakidi~
(Cveni masala).
laz. dolocigale (dolo-cig-al-e) `CasarWobi~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. TenTena `maqmani~. xases TenTena godvaleri uRun `pirbadeze
maqmani aqvs modebuli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. kordela `banti, lenti, bafTa~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kruJavo `maqmani~ (Tandilava 2013). ix. megr. kruJao.
laz. mecigale (me-cig-al-e) `Zvirfasi qinZisTavi, gulsabnevi~ || fei
(vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 114).
laz. mowifxu (mo-wifx-u) || mowifxuS-i (mo-wifx-u-S-i) `mosarTavi~.
laz. mful-i `Rili~ || ful-i (lazuris fondi). a. Tandilava mas
ganmartavs, rogorc oqros monetas.
laz. sedef-i `Rili~ || sedeфффф-i. nasexebia Turqulidan. Sdr. qv. aWar.
sedef-i (koberiZe 2011, 90). ix. megr. sadaf-i.
laz. topWa `Tokis gasayreli, gamosabmeli, Sesakravi, pijakis orive
mxares ZafiT dakerebuli~. a. TandilavasTan gvxvdeba kopWa (Turq. kopčččča)
`folaqi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. falasqa `foCebi~. falasqa gondvaleÁ || goWeri forCa
`foCebSemovlebuli (Semokerebuli) samosi~ (Cveni masala).
87
laz. qeme-Á `kanti~ (Cveni masala).
laz. Sib-i `gasayreli~ (rezinis an naWris). Sdr. TuS. Sib���� 1) `vercxlis
Zewkvi~; 2) `gviristuli nakeri~ (cocaniZe 2012). Sibi gvxvdeba sabasTan da
ganmartebulia ase `erTi naqsovi~ (saba I, 1991).
laz. jafrast-i `Sesakravi~ (mari 1910, 157). am sityvas Semdeg enobriv
monacemebs udarebs v. abaevi: qarT. Cabrast-i `Sesakravi~ (dial.) ← spars.
čapr�st `Sesakravi~, zan (W) jafrast-i, os. carasi ̀ kauWi~ (kabaze) ← qarT.
(abaevi 1958, 289).
am TavSi aRiwera da gaanalizda samoslis Semadgeneli nawilebi.
kerZod: tanisamosis, fexsamosis, Tavsaburavis nawilebi. gamoikveTa maTi
forma da daniSnuleba; aqve ganvixileT samoslis mosarTavebi da
samkaulebi.
TematurTan erTad gavaanalizeT misi struqtura, ris Sedegadac
warmoCnda martivi da rTuli saxelebi. warmomavlobis TvalsazrisiT,
SeZlebisdagvarad, gamovlinda sakuTriv megrul-lazuri,
saerToqarTveluri da nasesxebi leqsika.
sayuradReboa is garemoeba, rom sxvadasxva jgufis sityvebi
semantikurad kveTen erTmaneTs.
gamolinda sityvebi, romlebsac gadataniTi mniSvnelobebi gaaCniaT.
V qveTavi
samoseli formisa da ragvarobis mixedviT
megruli
megr. elaxuWil-i (e-la-xuW-il-i) || moxuWil-i (mo-xuW-il-i)
`monaoWebuli kaba~ (Cveni masala). nawarmoebia megr. xuWua zmnisagan.
megr. alaginZa (a-la-ginZ-a) `CamogrZelebuli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
ginZe `grZeli~.
megr. burd-i `uvargisi, cudi tanisamosi~ (Cveni masala).
88
megr. gakoburdRonil-i (ga-ko-burdR-on-il-i) (mikaqunali) `dafleTili
Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. akoburdRonil-i `dafleTili,
aburduli~.
megr. Tarx-i (mikaqunali) `Talxi tanisamosi~. Sdr. qarT. Talx-i
`samgloviaro ferebi~ (saba I, 1991).
megr. oqaqalaia kaba `friala kaba, kloSiviT~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
qaqal-i `friali~.
megr. onaraia kaba `talRiseburi kaba~ (Cveni masala). mu onaraia kaba
mukaqunsu e ZRabis `ra talRiseburi kaba acvia am gogos~.
megr. saomorgualo (sa-o-mo-rgu-al-o) `samgloviaro~ (qobalia 2010).
miRebulia glovis aRmniSvneli megruli rg- Ziridan.
megr. uCa mukaqunal-i `Savi samgloviaro samoseli, ZaZa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. ZonZ-i `ZonZi; Zalian Zveli, dafleTili tanisamosi; Cvari~.
(qajaia III, 2002). Sdr. ZonZ-i `ars yo(v)elive samoselTagan Zveli da
nagleji~ (saba I, 1991).
megr. orSialaia (mikaqunali) `Sriala (tanisamosi)~ (Cveni masala). Sdr.
megr. rSial-i `Sriali~.
megr. sasurd-i `sudari, sudara~, Sdr. surdua `sudrva~ (p. W., megr.-
qarT...). megr. sasurd-i `sasurdi; sudara; micvalebulze gadasafarebeli
an gasaxvevi qsovili; micvalebulis Sesamoseli ― da qveda sacvali an
Zveli xalaTismagvari Casacmeli; sasurdi, upiratesad, TeTri tilosi
unda yofiliyo, radgan abreSumi didxans ar dalpeboda da micvalebuls
Seawuxebda. amasTan, radganac abreSumi Wiisaa, iTvleboda, micvalebuls
matli daexvevao~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. xurxam-i || varandikam-i `yeliani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. dolafir-i `dagdebuli (ubralod Sekerili)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. cxirilia kaba `badisebri qsovilis kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. gofre (gofre kaba). Sdr. qarT. gofre (frang. gaufré) 1. erTmaneTze
miwyobilnakecebiani qsovili. 2. aseTi qsovilis qveda kaba (qegli II, 2010).
megr. elaCaxvili kaba `alag-alag amoberili, uformo~ (Cveni masala).
megr. samoWyuduo kaba `sapatarZlo kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. nagurgina mukaqunal-i `saqorwino samoseli (zogjer
samkvidrodac Seinaxavdnen)~ (qobalia 2010). ix. gurgin-i.
89
megr. sasumaro `sastumro, stumrisTvis gankuTvnili, sagareo samosi~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. rRamil-i || eSarRamil-i `gulamoRebuli, amoWrili~. Sdr. rRamua
`Rrmoba, Rrmulis, Rrantes, fosos gakeTeba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. konkil-i `konkebi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. RaJuria (mikaqunali) `Wreli~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. firfiSia kaba `koxtad, lamazad gaSlili kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. firsikia kaba `ubralo kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. gur-fiCa kaba `gulgaxsnili (gadaReRili) kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. swor-i kaba `swori kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. WaWil-i kaba `azborili kaba~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. WaWua
`asxma~.
megr. kloS-i kaba `klioSi~ (Cveni masala). ix. laz. Calistoni ффффorka.
megr. tkvaCil-i kaba `farTo fenebiani, daplesili kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. plesil-i (|| presil-i) kaba `wvrilfenebiani kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. butilka kaba `viwro kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. alanwy����mil-i || gonwy����mil-i kaba, palto `Caxsnili kaba, palto~
(Cveni masala). miRebulia megr. nwy����ma `gaxsna~ zmnisagan.
megr. alaRaril-i (a-la-Rar-il-i) `Caxsnili~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Tangebian-i `Tangebiani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. gorRamil-i (kaba) `Rrmad CaWrili, Caxeuli, Caxramuli~ (qobalia
2010).
megr. gotebul-i kaba `ubralod Sekerili, moSvebuli kaba (nebismieri
tanisamosi)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. lagujijgura kaba e. i. tomarasaviT kaba (Cveni masala). ix.
laguji.
megr. gosvitil-i (go-svit-il-i) `swori~ (Cveni masala).
megr. ofioraia kaba `friala kaba~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. fior-i
`friali~.
megr. JiSe kloS-i saorsulojgura `zemodan klioSi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. oyvayvaia palto `bewviani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. owawaia (kaba, palto) `grZeli, koxta~ (Cveni masala).
90
megr. oyoraia kaba || palto `lamazad rom irxeva iseTi kaba, palto~
(Cveni masala).
megr. ofarTxalaia `uSno, farTxuna~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
farTxal-i `farTxuni~.
megr. Wkiril-i uCa `Semouqobavi tansacmeli (zedmiw. daWrili Savi)~
(Cveni masala).
megr. gonwkilir-i kaba `viwro tansacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. awokunta `winidan ufro mokle~. ityvian tansacmelze. Sdr. megr.
kunta `mokle~ (Cveni masala)..
megr. elakunta `alag-alag mokle~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. kunta
`mokle~.
megr. lagirZia `alag-alag grZeli~ (nebismier tanisamosze ityvian).
Sdr. megr. girZe `grZeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Sveba `moSvebuli, xalvaTi (samosi)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. ferTxiSia || firTxiSia `uSnod Sekerili, ubralo~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bambiam-i < bambeam-i `bambiani~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. tibu m����kaqunal-i `Tbili tansacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. buJuJam-i `xaoiani~. Sdr. qarT. buJuJ-i `cxovaris tyavi
dagruzvili~ (saba I, 1991).
megr. oSarSalaia `Sriala, Zvirfasi samoseli~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr. SarSal-i `Sriali~.
megr. Sil-i `moqsovili, naqsovi~ (kilanava 1998). Sdr. megr. Suala
`qsova~.
megr. Wel-i `Sekerili~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. megr. Wala `kerva~.
megr. oJgvarTalaia `uSnod CamogrZelebuli~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. brelfa `mravalfena~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. gofirfiCel-i `maqmanebiani, foCebiani (kaba); morTul-mokazmuli
(gogona)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. aWkiril-i `aWrili, asxmuli; gamokvalTuli, qvemodan
Semotmasnili tansacmeli da masSi gamokveTili nakvTebi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. mino/m����no-finil-i `fenebiani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. WonWil-i `fena-fena erTmaneTze mikerebuli~ (Cveni masala).
91
megr. foCvam-i `foCiani, foCmovlebuli~, foCvam-i kaba `foCiani ||
foCebiani kaba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. kilekunta `moklemklaviani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. girZe xeforCami `grZelsaxeloebiani~ (Cveni masala).
megr. faRuri kaba (mdidruli kaba) qudi, faRuri m�kaquns (e. i.
mdidrulad acvia) (Cveni masala).
lazuri
laz. gononsTike `daglejili~ || gonosTike `dafleTili~ (Tandilava
2013).
laz. goCablu `fexsacmlisgan formis Secvla xmarebisas~ (Tandilava
2013).
laz. derdoniSi (Sdr. Turq. dert `wuxili~) doloqunu || uCa doluqunu ||
uCaloni `samgloviaro Casacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. dorki (aTin.) || dorkiSi `erTi feris, araWreli (samosi)~ (uzun-
hasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kirmaRi forCa `gofre kaba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. meqiter-i `daplesili~. meqiter-i forCa `daplesili kaba~ (Cveni
masala).
laz. tuca doloqunu `Tbili tansacmeli~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr.
tucua `trusva, fufqva~. ix. megr. tibu mukaqunali.
laz. feSelon-i || feSeron-i forCa `naWrebiani kaba~. feSeron-i forCa
`naWrebiani kaba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. fCxatua doloqunu `brWyviala tansacmeli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. CoxaS-i doloqunu `nabadi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. noRamisluR-i `sadedoflo~ (Cveni masala).
laz. Calistoni ����orka `klioSi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. xemkule `moklemklaviani~ (Cveni masala).
laz. xeolon-i `mklaviani~ (Cveni masala).
laz. cigeÁ `azborili~. cigeÁ forCa `azborili kaba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. xuel-i || mexuel-i `azborili~. xuel-i || mexuel-i forCa
`azborili kaba~ (Cveni masala).
92
laz. zewari `micvalebulis gadasafarebeli~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava
1984, 136).
laz. qeффффin-i `sudara~ (Turq. kefen) (lazuris fondi).
laz. duvaR-i `farda, romelsac gadaafareben patarZals saqorwilo
msvlelobis dros, xeliT uWiravs patarZlis axlobels~. Turq. duvak (ği)
(lazuris fondi).
laz. ZinZola `dafxrewili~ (Tandilava 2013).
mocemul qveTavSi dajgufda samoseli formisa da ragvarobis
mixedviT. am TvalsazrisiT, sityvis analizi mniSvnelovania, radganac is
eris kulturuli yofis Taviseburebebs asaxavs. gamovlinda sxvadasxva
formis samoseli. garda Sinaarsibrivi mxarisa, am jgufSi Semavali
saxelebi struqturulad. gvaqvs: martivi da rTuli saxelebi da
Sesityvebebi.
VI qveTavi
samoslis masala
am qvejgufSi ganvixilavT im masalas, romelic samoslis (tanisamosis,
fexsamosis, Tavsaburavis) sawarmoeblad gamoiyeneba, kerZod: Zafi,
qsovili, tyavi, mcenare, matyli.
1) Zafi
megruli
megr. arTxe Zaf-i `erT xelad amoRebuli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. bambeS Zaf-i `bambis narTi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kapron-i `erTgvari Zafi~. Sdr. qarT. `erTgvari xelovnuri boWko~
(qegli IV, 1955).
megr. kvirkv-i `Zafis koWi~ (kilanava 1998) || megr. kvikv-i `simrgvale,
narTi gorglad; kanafis ritualuri morgvi, romelsac swiraven kanafis
suls kvikvinas~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. konWiS Zaf-i `koWis Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
93
megr. land-i (gila�oTama abreSumi) `erTi amoReba abreSumis Zafi~
(Waraia 1997); `landi; blondi; Sulo, erTi amoxveva abreSumis Zafi, Zafis
kona~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. raW. land-i `erTi amoReba abreSumis Zafi~
(beriZe 1912) da aWar. land-i `erTi gabma abreSumis Zafi~ (koberiZe 2011,
83).
megr. landZaf-i `erTi amoxveva, landad amoxveuli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
Sdr. aWar. dalandva `landis, xifis damzadeba (Salis Zafs davlandavT,
landebaT gavakeTebT)~ (noRaideli 2008, 17).
megr. laSqva `nemsze erTi ageba Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. lilaZaf-i `gawvrilebuli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. malaTa `oqromkedi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. maxeri || moxeri (Zafi) (Cveni masala).
megr. morgv-i `rgvali~ (yifSiZe 1994) || ZafiSi morgvi || megr. murg-i
`Zafis gorgali~. o. kaxaZis azriT, qarT (imer.) murgv-i `Zafis gorgali~,
igive Ziria, rac Wan. murgv-al-i || mugv-al-i `mrgvali~ (kaxaZe 1987, 20).
Sdr. aWar. murgv-i `morgvi, narTis gorgali~ (noRaideli 2008, 35).
megr. naTuxa `danarTi Zafi,~ `narTi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. namarqva `maqoze darTuli ukuqceuli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. orSval-i `dasaqsuli, qseli; saqseli Zafi~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr. rSuala `daqselva~.
megr. oSual-i (oSe) `saqsovi~ (kilanava 1998).
megr. omiSor-i igivea, rac omoSir-i `sazedao Zafi~. omoSiri Zafi
`saqsovi Zafi~ (masalebi 1983, 218).
megr. orSual-i `saqseli~ (masalebi 1983, 218). mimReobaa, nawarmoebi
megr. rSuala `daqselva~ zmnidan.
megr. oqroSi Zafi `oqros Zafi, oqromkedi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. sirma `oqros an vercxlis Zafi, - oqromkedi~ (qajaia II, 2002). ix.
laz. sirma.
megr. ����anWiS Zaf-i `abreSumis Zafi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Sqvila || Sqvilua `erTi amoqna (amoReba) Zafi~. Sdr. Sqvilua
`mSvildiT pentva~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. CxviCxveli Zafi `CamoSlili Zafi~ (Cveni masala).
94
megr. Zaf-i `Zafi; Zili; Zali sakravisa~. Sdr. megr. Zafef-i `Zafebi,
Zafeuloba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Zaf do lar-i `Zafi da lari~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Zafkarkazel-i `Zafis gorgali~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Zila `wyvili Zafi~ (Cveni masala).
megr. Z����ga `matylis Zafi~ (Wanturia 1996, 223).
megr. wiap-i `gawvrilebamde gawelili, ganziduli Zafi (igivea, rac
Wapi)~. wiapel-i `magrad ganaskuli, gawripuli, ukiduresad gawewili da
gawvrilebuli (Zafi)~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. wiapua `gawvrileba~.
lazuri
laz. Txveri `Zafi~ (Tandilava 2013). mimReobaa, miRebuli oTxu
`darTva~ zmnisagan.
laz. kanZ-i `kanZi, kanafisagan aclili Zafis buCqi~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. lor-i1 `Zafis saxeoba nemsSi gasayreli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. mak���� || makaa ||makara || makaÁa `koWis Zafi~ (lazuris fondi).
nasesxebia Turqulidan (Sdr. Turq. makara).
laz. montkoiSi nokefe `matlis Zafi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. mtva `Zafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. nokef-e || nenkef-i (marii 1910, 30) || nenkef-e || nokef-i (Tandilava
2013) || nonWefi (art.) || noWefi (aTin.) (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsi-
va 2007) `Zafi~.
laz. nok-i `wvrili Zafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. sirma `sirma, yaiTani~. SqaSa qagegixTeren Txozerefe sirmaSi
`welamde Camogsvlia, dawnili Tma sirmisa~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984,
157). si eko megomsqun ho iar, ho iar, he sirmoni baSluRi `rogor gSvenis
ho iar, ho iar he sirmiani baSluRi~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 162).
laz. tono `kenafisagan damzadebuli Zafi~ (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984,
86).
laz. cqiali `vercxlis Rilebiani Zafi mikerebuli kabis saxeloze
idayvamde~.
2) qsovili
95
megruli
megr. aknamosa `Sinnaqsovi, miblandul-moblanduli, Sekowiwebuli
qsovili, ablabuda~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. areSum-i (yifSiZe 1994) || a(v)reSum-i `abreSumi~ (qobalia 2010).
aruSum do yaznay-i `abreSumi da yaisnaRi~ (krebiTi saxeli dazgiTa da
xeliT naqsovisa) (qobalia 2010). abreSumeuloba igivea, rac abreSumeuli
― `abreSumis qsovilebi~. Sdr. gur. yaW-abreSum-i `qsovili, abreSumisa da
yaWis Zafisgan~ (SaraSiZe 1938).
megr. atlaz-i (yifSiZe 1994) || antlas-i, atlas-i `atlasi~. Sdr. qarT.
atlas-i `naqsovi, lari~ (saba I, 1991).FSdr. megr. antlas-i do arxama
`diba-atlasi, Zvirfasi qsovilebi~ (sazog.) (qobalia 2010).
megr. atrez-i `nebismieri qsovili~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bambazia `bambis Tbili qsovili, rbili, bususiani~ (qajaia I, 2001).
megr. budusua `farCeuli, Zvirfasi qsovilebi~. Sdr. budusuefi
`Zvirfaseuloba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. glas-i `abreSumis sqeli, mtkice qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, #
434).
megr. gogra `abreSumis Savi, usaxo qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. daraia `abreSumis qsovili, xeliT naqsovi~ (Wanturias arqivi, #
434). Sdr. qarT. daraia `abreSumis qsovili~ || `abreSumis didi mosaxvevi,
madnili~ (qegli III, 1953).
megr. TasyunT-i `Zvirfasi abreSumis zolebiani, Zvirfasi sakabe
qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. korox-i `Zvirfasi abreSumis saxeli~ (koroxiSi kaba) (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434) || `diba, farCa~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. korCa `qsovilis saxeobaa erTgvari, selisagan qsovdnen~
(masalebi 1983, 228).
megr. len-i `laini; lurjad SeRebili qsovili, upiratesad narma~
(qobalia 2010). kabasac da sacvlebsac lenisgan keravdnen, winsafarsac
(masalebi 1983, 242). Sdr. qarT. laini `Sinauri wesiT damzadebuli Txeli
bambis qsovili, upiratesad muq-lurjad SeRebili~ (qegli IV, 1955). qarT.
96
lains exeba v. abaevi: qarT. lain-i `SeRebili tilo~ < os. lajyn
`SeRebili~ < arab. laīn ̀ gluvi, rbili~ (abaevi 1958, 142).
megr. len-i (CineTis) `Txeli, Cinuri leni~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. leni (baRdadis) `moSavo, sqeli leni~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. lobidani `erTgvari qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. materia `qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. materia saubr. `qsovili~ (laT.
materia) (qegli V, 1958).
megr. melez-i `abreSumis qsovili, qselad (`orSvalo~) iyenebdnen
abreSumebs, misaqselad sels (Txviri), qsovils mduRareSi amoavlebdnen
(`dogibundes~), riTac igi rbili xdeboda, ixmareboda qalebis
saperanged~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. mis����r����li yuni `Zvirfasi abreSumis sirmiani qsovili; TasyunTi
amaze ufro mdare iyo~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. mitkal-i `erTgvari qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. mitkal-i (arab. mitkal)
`bambis TeTri qsovili~ (qegli V, 1958).
megr. movizi yanaozi `Wreli sakabe, Zvirfasi, Cinuri~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
megr. narma `narma, bandi, dolbandi~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. narma
`bambis qsovili, uxeSi mitkali~ (qegli V, 1958).
megr. noWker-i `naWeri (qsovilisa)~. mimReobaa, nawarmoebi megr. Wkirua
`Wra~ zmnidan.
megr. obarbale CinTi `wminda barbalesaTvis Sesawiri qsovili, feradi,
upiratesad wiTeli da TeTri or arSinamde zomis CiTis naWrebi an
saalabo Tavsafrebi, romelTac tovebdnen sakraluri, wminda xeebis
totebze an mihqondaT salocavSi, sadac eklesiis msaxurebi saforebad
dafarnebad iyenebdnen~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. pint-i `binti, Cvari, WinWi~ || pintia `WinWris, Cvris nagleji~
(qajaia II, 2002).
megr. pirkal-i. Sdr. qarT. pirkal-i `igivea, rac mitkali~ (qegli VI,
1960).
megr. JirganiS-i `organiani (qsovili)~ (qobalia 2010). kompozitia,
miRebuli megr. Jir- `ori~ da gan- `gani~ fuZeebis SeerTebiT, romelsac
darTuli aqvs naT. brunvis –iS niSani.
97
megr. sakabo `sakabe~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. salamarja `moxatuli (qsovili)~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. saosaro `saperange~ (Waraia 1997).
megr. satina `priala qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. satin-i (satinisa) [arab. zaitun
(CineTis erT-erTi navsadguris saxelwodebidan)] atlasiviT priala
qsovili bambisa an abreSumisa. otia ... satinis axaluxiT ... Camovida
qalaqSi (d. kld.). lurji satinis sada tansacmeli ver faravda ...
[jeiranis] sxeulis lamaz agebulebas (a. Wumb.) (qegl VI, 1960).
megr. fakva || fakv-i `Zveli, uvargisi qsovili, migdebuli, flasi~
(qobalia 2010).F
megr. faneli `flaneli~ (qajaia III, 2002). qarTulSi nasesxebia
frangulidan (Sdr. frang. flanelle) (qegli VII, 1962), megrulSi ki
qarTulidanaa damkvidrebuli.
megr. farCa `farCa, Zvirfasi qsovilis naWeri~. Sdr. qarT. farCa (spars.
farCah) 1. erTgvari Zvirfasi abreSumis qsovili. 2. qsovili saerTod, -
farTali.
megr. forCa `farCa~. forCas qsovdnen selis Zafisagan daraiasaviT,
mxolod misi gani ufro viwro iyo, vidre daraiasi. forCisagan Zvelad
mamakacis perangs keravdnen, muxlebamde grZeli iyo (masalebi 1983, 240).
qaTirCes forCa falo `qveS daiges mxolod forCa~ (mas., 77). Sdr. qarT.
farCa1 (farCisa) [spar. farCah] 1. erTgvari Zvirfasi abreSumis qsovili.
siRaribem farCis kaba gamacveTinao (andaza). [mJaunaSvilma] Caicva farCis
axaluxi (n. lom.). || figur. ra xania baRSi xeebs ar acvia mwvane farCa (g.
kaWax.). 2. qsovili, saerTod, _ farTali. rva Tvis Semdeg durmiSxanma
mTeli qaravani sxvadasxva farCebisa wamoiRo stambolidan (d. Wonq.).
`CavagebT ... [soroSi] Tbilad, rac mogvxdeba _ ...ZonZmanZi, svadasxva
farCis nakerebi, ... Cala, _ davaTbunebT da mere Sig CavsxdebiT~ (T.
razik.). qarT. farCa2 (farCisa) Zv. naWeri, nawili. erTi mTeli cxvari eqvsi
farCa aris: ori farCa _ ori mxari, gverdebi; ori farCa _ ori[v]
barklebi, erT farCad _ zurgis Zvali, erT farCad _ mkerd-kiseri
(«dasturl.») (qegli VII, 1962).
megr. fSali (Wanturias arqivi, # 434) || Sal-i `Sali~ (qajaia III, 2002).
Sdr. megr. Salobua `Saleuli~ (qobalia 2010).
98
megr. RarTa `Coxis naWrebi CeqmaSi Casataneblad~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. RarTi `Coxis qsovili~ (akaki Wanturias arqivi). ix. RarTi
samoslis saxeobebSi.
megr. yanaoz-i `abreSumis saxeoba~ (qobalia 2010); `abreSumis qsovili~
(Waraia 1997). es sityva qarTulSic dasturdeba da v. abaevi mas akavSirebs
saTanado osur da sparsul formebTan: qarT. yanaoz-i `abreSumis
qsovilis saxeoba~ ← os. ����anawyz ← spars. ����an����viz (abaevi 1973, 263).
megr. yarmandul-i || yarmandlo `erTgvari qsovilia wminda matylisa,
saaxaluxe, mbzinvare Savi ferisa~ (qobalia 2010).F
megr. yunTi `erTgvari qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. SaliS ����anWi `Salnarevi abreSumi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. CeSi `bambis qsovili~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434). ix. CeSi samoslis
saxeobebTan.
megr. CinT-i `CiTi~. Sdr. qarT. CiT-i (ind. Cit) `bambis Txeli, saxeebiani
qsovili~ (qegli VIII, 1964). Sdr. TuSuri CiT���� `Sinauri, matylis
narTisagan naqsovi da nakeri fexsacmeli ― faCuCi~ (cocaniZe 2012).
megr. Coxa `Sinmoqsovili Sali~ (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. cxomuri `wminda selis (Txviris) ubralo qsovili~ (Wanturias
arqivi, # 434).
megr. xaverd-i || xavedi `xaverdi~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. xaverd-i
karg pirze xaos mqone qsovili (Cveulebriv, abreSumisa). [xvaramzes] tanze
Savi xaverdis qaTibi acvia (m. javax.). || am qsovilis tanisamosi. mefe...
xaverdebSi gamowyobili (v. barn.). (qegli VIII, 1964).
megr. xak-i `sqeli qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. xak-i1 (xakisa) 1. sqeli, uxeSi
qsovili. 2. kuTx. (TuS.) tomara, sacalo~ (qegli VIII, 1964).
megr. xamle `xami bambisagan~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. xamien-i `xami~. bambeSe Sundes xamiens `bambisgan qsovdnen xams~
(qajaia III, 2002). xamien-i igivea, rac xamiel-i, xamie-i - bambis am
qsovilisagan keravdnen sabnis leibis pirs, zewars, zeda da qveda
sacvlebs, pirsaxocs da a. S. Sdr. xam-i `bambis SeuRebavi qsovili, Sin
darTuli (msxvili) Zafisagan~ (masalebi 1983, 228; qajaia III, 2002). Sdr.
qarT. xam-i (xamisa) [spar. xam) 1. daumuSavebeli, gamouyvaneli, mouqneli.
99
xami Zafi. _ xami CiTi. _ xami tyavi. 2. bambis SeuRebavT qsovili, Sin
darTuli (msxvili) Zafisgan. wiTel perangsa giyidi, Torem xami bevriao
(xalx.). || egeve qsovili, raime ferad SeRebili. xali... gaxsnil wiTeli
xamis perangs icvamda (vaJa). 3. teq. qsovili saqsov dazgaze, jer
SeuRebavi da daumuSavebeli. 4. gamoucdeli, SeuCveveli; risame
ucodinari. `eh, Cemo kargebo, jer Tqven gamoucdeli, xamebi xarT,
guSindeli balRebi, kargad ver icnobT muxTal wuTisofelsa!~ (vaJa)
(qegli VIII, 1964).
megr. xamCe botan. `bamba~; igivea, rac xamle, xamleni, ― bambis
Zafisagan Sin moqsovili materia (qajaia III, 2002).
megr. xara `abreSumis sqeli qsovili, rogorc gogra, erTi ferisa,
magari da gamZle iyo~ (Wanturias arqivi, # 434).
megr. jvalo `uxeSi, Txis bewvnarevi qsovili~. Sdr. qarT. jvalo 1.
`uxeSi, Txis bewvnarevi qsovili~. 2. (aWar.) igivea, rac tomara (qegl VIII,
1964). dasturdeba javaxurSic: jvali `tomara~ (beriZe 1981).
lazuri
laz. antlas-i || atlas-i `atlasi~. Sdr. qarT. atlas-i `naqsovi, lari~
(saba I, 1991); `abreSumis priala qsovili~ (qegli I, 2008). m. koberiZe mas
arabul nasesxobad ganixilavs (koberiZe 2011, 93).
laz. astar-i `uxeSi tilo, xami~ (Turq. astar `sarCuli~) (lazuris
fondi).
laz. bez-i (Turq. bez) `tilo, parusina, narma, qsovili~ (lazuris
fondi).
laz. batanÁe `qsovili erTgvari~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. dibet-i (furt.) `qsovilis saxeoba~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi,
aleqsiva 2007).
laz. diril-i `qsovilis saxeoba~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. ifeR-i (Turq. ipek) `abreSumi~ (lazuris fondi). Sdr. ombriSumiSi
|| ifeqli (Turq. ipekli) `abreSumis~. dadefeq qomoiRates ifeRiSi mendili
`mdidrebma (mdidrebs) mohqondaT abreSumis cxvirsaxoci~ (Ciqobava 1929,
67).
100
laz. Ta����Ta `qsovilis saxeoba~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kalata `qsovilis saxeoba~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. karamandula `Savi feris qsovili~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. kati����----e `xaverdi~. arabuli warmoSobis sityvaa, romelic
nasesxebia Turqulidan. Sdr. (arab.-Turq. kadife) (Tandilava 2013).
gamsesxebeli eniseuli d fonema lazurSi k-sTan mezoblobaSi
gamkveTrebulia da gadasulia t-Si.
laz. kenevew-e || keneviz-i `Zvelad moskovidan Semotanili qsovilis
saxeoba~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. koknew-i (furt.) `qalebis welze Semosaxvevi Salisagan
damzadebuli sakabe~ (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. kumaS-i `erTgvari qsovili, abreSumi~. doloqunu momimers,
qodovandvi kumaSi `tansacmels Camomitans, davabare abreSumisa~
(vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 156). Sdr. Turq. kumaš `qsovili~.
laz. lemza `Zafis qsovili~, Sdr. – melezi abreSumi (Tandilava 2013).
laz. mal-i4 `naWeri, qsovili~. nasesxebi unda iyos Turqulidan. Sdr.
Turq. mal.
laz. mandabol-i `mitkali~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. mekdas-i || metaqs-i || mektas-i || metaqs-e `abreSumi~ (Tandilava 2013)
|| metas-i (uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. mSard-i (Tandilava 2013) || mSal-i || mSalT-i `Sali~ (uzunhasanoR-
lu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. naÁloniı `neiloni~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. narma `narma~ (lazuris fondi). ix. megr. narma.
laz. ombriSumi `abreSumi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. omoqsura `zemodan naqargi TeTri feris qsovili~ (Tandilava
2013).
laz. pinti `Cvari, binti~ (Tandilava 2013). ix. megr. pinti.
laz. JorJeti || JaJoti (viw.) `bambisgan damzadebuli qsovilis
saxeoba~(uzunhasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. saz-i `abreSumi~.
101
laz. satina || satena `satina~ (qsovili) (Tandilava 2013). ix. megr.
satina.
laz. skalati1 `maudi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. sukno `maudi~. nasesxebia rusulidan (Tandilava 2013).
laz. tilo (lazuris fondi) || vilar-i `tilo~ (yifSiZe 1994, 85).
laz. tkomila2 `SeRebili abreSumi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. farCa `naWeri~. a&a фorkaSi meWkireli farCa ma moT miRun `am
kabis naWeri me ratom maqvs?~ (Ciqobava 1929, 28).
laz. fiTikozi `materiaa – fildekosi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Sal-i (Turq. šal) `Sali~. Sdr. qarT. Sal-i (Salisa) 1. matylis
qsovili. maudis, Salisa da abreSumis tanisamosi TiTqmis yvela kacsa da
qalsa aqvs (i. gogeb.). [beglars] Savi Sarvali da TeTri Salis windebi
acvia (n. lorTq.). gamoSvebulia didi raodenobiT ... Salis, abreSumisa da
bambis qsovilebi; 2. qalis Tbili mosasxami (mosaxvevi) matylis sqeli
qsovilisa, [oTaraanT qvrivma] moixvia Tavs Savi Sali (ilia). Tebro,
Tavidan fexebamdis dedis SalSi gaxveuli, cxenze ijda (vaJa) (qegli VII,
1962). iv. javaxiSvili mas qarTulSi sparsul nasesxobad miiCnevs. qarT.
Sal-i (term.) ← spars. šal `qsovilis saxeoba~ (masalebi 1983, 165, 299).
laz. Cadir-i 1) `narma~. 2) `karavi~ (lazuris fondi). a. Tandilava
ganmartavs rogorc `tilos (Tandilava 2013).
laz. CeCe `maudi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. CiT-i `CiTi~. sityvis istoriisaTvis ix. megr. CiT-i.
3) tyavi
megruli
megr. balaRia `xbos tyavis saqalamne~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. bua `bewvi~. Sdr. buaSi `bewvisa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kan-i `tyavi, kani~. jveSo kaniS Caflas Wandes `Zvelad tyavis
fexsacmels keravdnen~ (Cveni masala).
102
megr. kvaxCa `qeCxo; Txisa da cxvris tyavi bewviani~. Txis an cxvris
Tmiani tyavi, romelsac mwyemsebi iyeneben qveSsagebad (mTaSi); xmaroben
mosasxamad (saxeloebi ara aqvs, mwyemss ufaravs zurgs) (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. sakanCaflo `saqalamne~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. tyeb-i `tyavi~. laz. tkeb-i, teb-i `kani, tyavi~. es fuZeebi
saerToqarTvelurad miiCneva samecniero literaturaSi: qarT. tyav-i :
zan. tyeb- || tyab-, tyeb-i || tkeb-i `tyavi~, tyab-ar-u-a `gatyaveba~, gur. ←
zan. tyobura, qarT. tyav-i, tyav-eb-a, gada-e-tyav-eb-a, a-tyav-eb-s, svan.
ty����ef- || ty��������f- || ty����f- (a-x- ty��������f) (zs., lSx.) x-e- ty����ef-en-i lnt. `sZvreba
(tyavi, kani)~, me- ty����ef-e `atyavebuli~ (Cuxua 2000-2003, 218).
megr. qandaq-i `saqalamne, gamoyvanili da Soltebad aWrili tyavi
Rorisa; satyave Rori; erTgvari gadasaxadi Zv. samegreloSi. e. w. xmeli
begara. gadaixdeboda saSaSxe RoriT da tyaviT~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Sigrin-i `Zvirfasi tyavi (sagrenidan); Zvirfasi samoseli
sazogadod~. Sdr. Sigrini do budusua `Zvirfasi tyavi da qsovili;
Zvirfasi samoseli (sazog.)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Sort-i `tyavis erTi naWeri.~ Zroxis an Roris tyavs TiTo
modvalaT (Cacmad) grZlad davWridiT, erT naWers Sorti ewodeboda
(masalebi 1983, 243); `Solti, fena, saqonlis tyavis an xis qerqis anaWeri
mTel sigrZeze, erTi fena tyavi, saqalamne tyavi; sazomi erTeulicaa
tyavisa (erTi Zroxis tyavi 8-14 Sortia, Sortisgan 6-7 qalamani gamodis)~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. wilamur-i `bewvi, Wavli (nabdisa)~ (qobalia 2010).
lazuri
laz. gÁoni (Turq. gön) `tyavi~.Aar qalamaniSi gÁoni miRun Senaxei `erTi
qalamanis tyavi maqvs Senaxuli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Toma `bewvi, Tma~ qalamani do CafulaSi doloxe mCxuiSi TomaSi
wineki Sufan do muidumelan `qalamnisa da wuRis SigniT cxvris
bewvisagan windas qsoven da icvamen~ (Ciqobava 1929, 150).
laz. TulaWi `tyavis saxeoba~ (Tandilava 2013).
103
laz. siriRi (Turq. sirik) `qalamnis Sesakeri tyavis zonari, Snuri~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. tkeb-i || teb-i || keb-i `tyavi, kani~ (Tandilava 2013). si mTuTiSi
tkebiSi ar didi forCa domiWi `Sen daTvis tyavisgan erTi didi perangi
Semikere~ (lazuris fondi). amJamad tkebis nacvlad gavrcelebulia
Turqulidan nasesxebi fosti.
laz. fomfolozi `bewvi (?), xao (?), RinRli (?)~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. fost-i || fosT-i `tyavi (cxvrisa gaukreWavi)~ (Cveni masala).
4) mcenare
megruli
megr. bambaia `uxarisxo bamba, bambis qsovili~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. bambe `bamba~. Sdr. qarT. bamba 1. teqnikur kulturaSi farTod
gavrcelebuli erTwlovani balax-mcenare; datotvilia, aqvs momrgvalo
foTlebi; iZleva sarTav masalas. 2. amave mcenaris nayofSi gamoxveuli
TeTri boWko, romelsac saTanado damuSavebis Semdeg iyeneben safeiqro
mrewvelobaSi, medicinaSi da sxva (qegli II, 2008). v. abaevi qarT. bambas
udarebs osuri enis saTanado formas da miaCnia sparsul nasesxobad:
qarT. bamba ←←←← spars. pambah || os. b$$$$mb$g $g $g $g || b$$$$mp$g $g $g $g `bamba~ (abaevi 1958, 249).
iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom XII-XIII saukuneebSi bambis qsovilebi
saqarTvelodan ucxoeTSic ki gahqondaT (javaxiSvili 1930, 143).
megr. kif-i || k����f-i `kanafi; uxeSi, magari ram sazogadod~. kifiS kurTa
`kanafis sacvali; gaWirvebisa, gaWirvebulis samyofi (gadat.)~ (qobalia
2010). Sdr. qarT. kanaf-i 1. `erTwlovani boWkovani mcenare, aqvs maRali
Rero, TaTisebri foTlebi da orsaxliani wvniki yvavilebi; misi
Rerosagan amzadeben sarTav boWkos – qerels~. 2. `am mcenaris qerqi –
sarTavi boWko~ (qegli IV, 1955). iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, qarT. kanaf-i ←
berZn. <annabis <annabis <annabis <annabis (javaxiSvili 1930, 395). v. Tofuria qarT. kanafs ukavSirebs
svan. qan, q����nS====r `kanafis Teslis guliani puri~ (Tofuria 1979, 166).
megr. su || fsu `seli~. forCas akeTebdnen susagan `selisagan~ (masalebi
1983, 240). `Zveli antikuri xanis mwerlebis cnobebis Tanaxmad, kolxeTi
104
ganTqmuli iyo selis nawarmis maRali xarisxiT. uTuod seli qarTuli
sityva unda iyos da SeiZleba qarTul qsels ukavSirdebodes da misgan
momdinareobdes~ (ciciSvili 1954, 4). ix. laz. fsiji.
megr. Wilof-i `Wilobi~ (Waraia 1997) || Wil-i || Wilo `Wili, leli,
Waobis wvrili mcenare (sazog.)~. Sdr. Wilobua `Wilis nakeTobani~
(qobalia 2010).
lazuri
laz. bambu `bamba~ (lazuris fondi). Llaz. Bbambaki `bambis saxeoba~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. fambuRi `bamba~ (Turq. pamuk) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. fsij-i || sij-i `seli~. ha&a fsijiTe gefSumT `amas seliT vqsovT~
(lazuris fondi). rogorc osman-bei aRniSnavs, `lazuri seli maRali
xarisxisaa da iqaurebi imisagan qsoven tilos, romelic saxelmoxveWilia
aRmosavleTSi~ (osman-bei 1874, 364).
laz. sule-i `seli, kanafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Wefr-i || ke����----i `kanafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. xuten-i `uTeslo kanafi~ (Tandilava 2013).
5) matyli
megruli
megr. beWva montyori `bewva matyli~ (qajaia I, 2001).
megr. buTa `gazafxulze ganakreWi, pirveli gakreWis matyli~ (qobalia
2010). nabuTu montyori `gazafxulze gakreWili matyli~. Sdr. afx. ab>a
(Waraia 1997). xevsurulSi gvxvdeba: buTuT-i `xSirmatylianis epiTeti~
(WinWarauli 2005).
megr. oTuxal-i `TiTistarze dasarTavi matyli, bamba, saZaxavi,
sarTavi~ (qajaia III, 2002).
105
megr. kanZ-i `kvanZi, erTi xveula matylisa~ (qobalia 2010). es fuZe
nawarmoebia kanZua zmnidan `gakreWa cxvrisa, kanZiT, matyliT datena
risame~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. kvarkvaSa montyor-i `daxveuli matyli, matylis qula, kurkumela~
(qobalia 2010). am fuZes m. Cuxua saerToqarTvelurad ganixilavs: zan.
(megr.) kvarkvaSa `qula (matylisa)~, qarT (mTiul.) kvirsl-i `bewvi
Salisa~, svan. kunk��������s `narTi, Sulo (Zafisa)~. s. qarTv. *k����irs-(l) `qula
(matylisa)~ → qarT. kvirsl-i, zan. kvar-kvaSa ← k����irS-k����irSa, svan. kunk��������s
← ← ← ← k����ir-k����eSa ←←←← *k����irS-k����irSa (Cuxua 2000-2003, 130). vvaraudobT, rom
kvarkvaSa nawarmoebi unda iyos megr. kvarkvaSua `daxveva~ zmnisagan.
megr. montyor-i `matyli~. nagval/� montyor-i `mTis matyli~ (masalebi
1962, 213).
megr. fatana `fTila, fartena~ (masalebi 1962, 218). Sdr. fart-en-a
`matylis fTila~ (saba II, 1993).
megr. qeqil-i `dafeTili, ganmurkluli (matyli)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Rawawa `metad nazi matyli, grZelbewviani~ (qajaia III, 2002).
lazuri
laz. montkor-i `matyli~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. ÁafaRi (Turq.) `matyli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. Áuni `matyli~ (Turq. yün) (Tandilava 2013).
am qveTavSi ganvixileT samoslis masala. gamovlinda, Tu risgan
mzaddeboda samoseli. am TvalsazrisiT, aseTi suraTi miviReT: samoslis
masalad gamoiyeneboda: Zafi, qsovili, tyavi, mcenare, matyli.
struqturulad gvaqvs: martivi, rTuli saxelebi da Sesityvebebi.
warmomavlobis mxriv, sakuTriv megrul-lazuri, saerToqarTveluri da
nasesxebi leqsika.
106
Tavi II. samoslis CacmasTan da gaxdasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi
am TavSi ganvixilavT samoslis Cacma-daxurvis, gaxdasTan
dakavSirebul zmnebs. cal-calke warmovadgenT tanisamosis Cacmis,
Tavsaburavis daxurvis, fexsamosis Cacmis, morTvisa da agreTve,
tanisamosis, fexsamosis gaxdis, Tavsaburavis moxdisa da mosarTavebis
moxsnis aRmniSvnel leqsikur erTeulebs.
1) tanisamosis Cacma
megruli
megr. (muko)quna (muko-qun-a) `Cacma, daburva, SefuTva~. gamoiyofa qun-
saerToqarTveluri Ziri. misi warmomavlobis Sesaxeb ix. megr. mikoqvenj-i.
mikiqunans `icvams~. am Zirisgan aris nawarmoebi moquna (mo-qun-a) ||
ginoquna (ginoquna) `mosxma, mocmma~. nabadi qigniqunu do midarT� `nabadi
Caicva da wavida~. goquna `Semoxurva, Semoburva (gaquns `Semoxveuli
aqvs~)~. gvaqvs am Zirisagan nawarmoebi mimReobebi, romlebsac gadataniTi
mniSvnelobac aqvT. miko/mukoqunel-i `Cacmuli~; `tanisamosiT
uzrunvelyofili~. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, -qun Zirs aqvs `daburvis,
SefuTvis~ mniSvneloba: diqunu `Tbilad Caicva, SeifuTa~. aqedan
nawarmoebi qunil-i `daTbunuli, SefuTuli, burvili, mosili~ (qobalia
2013). qun- Zirisagan iwarmoeba samoslis zogadi saxeobis aRmniSvneli
sxvadasxva fuZe. ix. mikaqunal-i, ginaqunal-i,, maqunal-i. sainteresoa,
agreTve, tanisamosis waRma da ukuRma Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityvebi.
kerZod, megr. morZgviSe mukoquna `waRma Cacma~, zedmiw. `marjvnisken
Cacma~, kvarCxiSe mukoquna `ukuRma Cacma~, zedmiw. `marcxnisken Cacma~,
arsebobs amis paraleluri forma: mundkile mukoquna `ukuRma Cacma~.
megr. aTabirZR���� (aTa-biZR�) `viwro, mokle Sarvali an sacvali acvia~.
gamoiyofa birZR- Ziri. Sdr. birZRafa `potineba, bRauWi~.
megr. aTo����unafa (aTo-�un-afa) `kabis qveS perangis (welamde) Cacma~. Sdr.
����un- (�un-afa) `Tanxleba~. gvaqvs am Ziris Semcveli sxva erTeulic,
romelic gvaZlevs semantikur sxvaobas samoslis adgilmdebareobis
mixedviT: mila����unafa (mila-�un-afa) `kabis an nebismieri gareTa samoslis
107
qveS ramis Cacma, Cayolieba~. am zmnuri Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi SigniTa
samoslis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi: mila����unafal-i || aTa����unafal-i.
qvedaboloSi, SarvalSi an fexsacmelSi ramis Cataniebis Sinaarsis
gamomxatveli sityvac iwarmoeba am Ziridan: ino����unafa (ino-�un-afa)
`Catanieba, Cayolieba~. am semantikur mravalferovnebas gansazRvravs
zmniswini.
megr. awokirua (awo-kir-ua) `winsafris wakvra~. gamoiyofa kir- (kir-ua)
`Sekvra~. farTukis awikirans `winsafars waikravs~. es saerToqarTveluri
fuZea. Sdr. qarT. kar- || kr- (v-kar, Se-v-kar) : megr. kir- || k����r- (kir- ua|| k�r-
ua) : laz. kor- || kir- (o-kor-u || o-kir-u) `Sekvra~ (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe
2000, 170).
megr. burua `daburva, dafareba~, buruns `iburavs, ifarebs~ (qajaia II,
2002). buril-i `daburuli, dafuruli~.
megr. ganWu (ga-nW-u) (palto, nabadi an nebismieri Sesakraviani, gaxsnili
samosi) `moergeba, Semoswvdeba samosi~. Sdr. gonWafa (go-nWa-fa) || gonWa
(go-nW-a) `wvdoma, gawvdoma~.
megr. garokans `mokle tanisamosi acvia~ (Cveni masala).
megr. ginofaxua (gino-fax-ua) `wamokoseba~. nabadi ginafaxudes `nabadi
hqondaT wamokidebuli (wamokosebuli)~ (qajaia I, 2001). Sdr. fax- (fax-ua)
`faxva matylisa~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. gojvanjua `SefuTva, gaxveva~. sityva aRniSnul Sinaarss
gamoxatavs zogadad, igulisxmeba nebismieri sagnis SefuTva an gaxveva.
magram is bevri samoslis erTad an uSnod Cacmasac niSnavs: ifreli
arTo qimkijvanju `yvelaferi erTad Caicva, SeifuTa, Semoixvia~.
gojvanjvil-i `SefuTnuli, gaxveuli~. sqeli an ramdenime Tavsafris
erTad Semoxvevasac niSnavs: iuka gamkinwyu do TiT gojvanjvili q�morT
�udeSa `qveda kaba gaiZro da imiT SefuTnuli movida saxlSi~ (xubua 1937,
140).
megr. gino����oTama (gino-�oT-ama) `mogdeba (mxarze)~. gamoiyofa ����oT- (�oT-
ama) Ziri `srola, gadagdeba~; gvaqvs am Zirisagan nawarmoebi muko����oTama
(muko-�oT-ama) `tansacmlis swrafad Cacma, mogdeba~. es fuZe tansacmlis
108
gaxdasac aRniSnavs, magram konteqstis mixedviT unda ganvasxvavoT
Sinaarsi. mag.: kabas ucbas qimki����oTans `kabas uceb Caicvams, zedmiw.
`moigdebs~; kabas gamki����oTans `kabas swrafad gaixdis, zedmiw. `gaagdebs~.
am zmnisagan nawarmoebi leqsikuri erTeulebi fexze Cacma-gaxdis, Tavze
daburvisa da Tavsaburavis moxdis aRsaniSnavadac gamoiyeneba. am
Zirisgan fexze swrafad Cacmis, Tavze swrafad daburvis, welze swrafad
sartylis Semortymis aRmniSvneli sityvebic iwarmoeba. ix. mo�oTama,
ge�oTama, gi/�To�oTama.
megr. gorinafa (go-rina-fa) `tanze moyvana, morgeba (Coxisa), gorinel-i
`tans momdgari (Coxa)~ (qobalia 2010). es sityva zedmiwevniT niSnavs:
`garSemo yofna~. piriani formac ewarmoeba mas: gare – kaba gare `kaba
momdgari aqvs~, zedmiw. `garSemo aris~. am formaSi ga- zmniswinia, re ki –
`aris~.
megr. doforua (do-for-ua) `Semosva (Sesudrvis) mniSvnelobiT~.
gamoiyofa for- Ziri, difor� `Seisudra~. doforili gilurcu `Semosili
(Sesudruli dadis)~. am zmnisagan aris nawarmoebi samoslis zogadi
saxeli gaforal-i `Sesamoseli, Semosafarebeli~.
megr. doZonZua (do-ZonZ-ua) daZonZva, daxunZvla; ZaZebiT Sesudrva;
ZonZebSi gaxveva (qobalia). ZonZ- Ziridan aris nawarmoebi doZonZil-i
`ZaZebiT Sesudruli, ZonZebSi gaxveuli~. Sdr. ZonZ-i `ZonZi, daZonZili,
zonzroxa~. SesaZloa is nazmnari saxelia. Sdr. qarT. ZonZ-i `Zveli,
dafleTili tanisamosi~.
megr. mukorsxipua || mikorsxipua || m����korsxipua (muko-rsxip-ua || miko-
rsxip-ua || m�ko-rsxip-ua) `viwro an Semotkecili tanisamosis Cacma~.
gamoiyofa rsxip- (rsxip-ua) Ziri `Semosxepa, Semotkeca, gansxirpva,
gaWimva~. (qobalia 2010). mikirsxipans `viwro tanisamoss Zlivs icvams ise,
rom Semosxepili aqvs~. Sesabamisad, morsxipil-i kaba `Semosxepili,
Semotkecili kaba~. viwro an Semotkecili Sarvlis Cacmasac niSnavs –
mirsxipans `viwro an Semotkecil Sarvals icvams~. Sesabamisad,
morsxipil-i Sarvali `Semosxepili, Semotkecili Sarvali~. mocemuli
fuZe viwro, fexze momjdari fexsacmlis Cacmisa da viwro Tavze
motkecili qudis daxurvis aRmniSvnel sityvebsac awarmoebs. ix.
109
morsxipua, gersxipua. samecniero literaturaSi saanalizo fuZis amgvari
dakavSireba arsebobs: qarT. sxerp- || sxirp- (gan-sxirp-v-a) `gakvra~ : megr.
rsxip- (go-rsxip-u-a) `gakvra; moWera~; i-rsxip-un-s `uWers~ < *sxirp-, : svan.
cxep- || cxip- (x-a-cxip `artyia~, x-e-cxp-i `Semoertymis, ertymeba~; x-e-cxep-i
(lnt.) < * sxep- (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000, 278). megr. rsxip- Zirisagan
iwarmoeba viwro, Semotkecili fexsacmlis Cacmis an Tavsaburavis
daxurvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. morsxipua, gersxipua.
megr. (dudiSi) inoRala (ino-Ral-a) `Tavis Cayofa tanisamosSi (Cacma)~.
gamoiyofa Ral- (Ral-a) `waReba, tareba~. ZiuT iniR� dudi kabaSa `Zlivs
Cayo Tavi kabaSi (Zlivs Caicva)~. am Zirisagan iwarmoeba fexsacmlis
Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityva. ix. (kuCxiSi) inoRala.
megr. inoCvaCvafa (ino-CvaCva-fa) `uSnod Catanieba~. gamoiyofa CvaCva-
Ziri, romlic gaorkecebuli Cans (*Cva-Cva). iniCvaCvans `uSnod Caitaniebs~.
gvaqvs am Ziridan nawarmoebi inoCvanCvil-i `uSnod Cataniebuli~.
megr. (mu/����kaqunali) gatkaC���� ( ( ( (ga-tkaC����) || mu/����katkaC���� (mu/����ka-tkaC�)�)�)�)
`tansacmeli Semotkecili aqvs~. Sdr. gotkaCua (go-tkaC-ua) `gaWedva
risame~.
megr. mukalagal���� (muka-lagal�) `zomaze didi tansacmeli acvia~.
SeiZleba gamoiyos Ziri lagal- `uniaTo svla, moSvebuloba, famfali~
(qobalia 2010). gamoiyeneba fexsacmelTanac da TavsaburavTanac. ix.
malagal���� da gialagal���� .
megr. gonwerua (go-nwer-ua) `gasudrva, ZaZebiT Semosva, CaSaveba~. inweru
`SavebiT imoseba~. gamoiyofa n-wer- (n-werua) `Sesudrva~. am fuZeSi n
ganviTarebulia. Sdr. gonweril-i || nweril-i `gasudruli, ZaZebiT
Semosili, CaSavebuli~; `Sesudruli~ .
megr. mukontira (muko-ntir-a) `Semoteva, morgeba tanisamosisa~.
gamoiyofa ntir- `teva~. ix. montira (mo-ntir-a) `fexsamosis morgeba~;
gentira gentira `Tavze morgeba, zedmiw. `Semoteva~.
megr. ekarTua (e-karT-ua) `kalTis aweva, akalTva, akapiweba Sarvlis
totisa~ (Waraia 1997). gamoiyofa karT- (karT-ua) `akalTva, akecva
saxelosi~. kabas eikarTans `kabas aikalTavebs~, misgan aris nawarmoebi
ekarTel-i `akalTavebuli~. Sdr. qarT. akuarTul-i `kvarT-aweuli~.
110
paralelurad gvxvdeba (kileSi) kino/kunokarTua (kino/kuno-karT-ua)
`akapiweba saxelosi~, Sesabamisad, gvaqvs misgan nawarmoebi
kilekunokarTel-i `saxelowakapiwebuli~.
megr. ekapiwua (e-kapiw-ua) igivea, rac ekarTua – Sarvlis totis akecva
(qajaia I, 2001). gamoiyofa kapiw- Ziri. es fuZe, albaT, qarTulidan aris
Sesuli. Sdr. qarT. akapiweba (a-kapiw-eba).
megr. mukozimafa (muko-zim-afa) `Cazomeba~. –zim (zim-afa) `zmaneba~
zmnur Zirs Seicavs es fuZe. gvaqvs nawarmoebi sxva fuZeebic, romlebic
`Cacmis~ semantikur jgufSi ganixileba. ix. gezimafa, mozimafa.
megr. lafaCaT mikoquna `Silifad Cacma, msubuqad, xalvaTad
(usartylod, uiaraRod) (Waraia 1997). avtori aRniSnavs, rom ase icodnen
Zvelad Cacma.
megr. (xeSi) || kileSi) miToRala (miTo-Rala) `mklavis gayra~, zedmiw.
`xelis Setana~. nawarmoebia Rala `waReba~ zmnisagan. xes miTiRans
`mklavs gauyris~, zedmiwevniT `xeli Seaqvs~. am Zirisagan fexsacmlis
gaxdis aRmniSvneli sityvac iwarmoeba. ix. eSaRala.
megr. (xeSi) miTodvala (miTo-dv-ala) `mklavis gayra~, zedmiw. `,xelis,
mklavis Sedeba~. nawarmoebia dv- (dv-ala) `deba~ zmnisagan. kile qimTudvi
`mklavi gauyare~, zedmiw. `mklavi Sede~. am Zirisgan fexsacmlis Cacmis
aRmniSvneli sityvac iwarmoeba. ix. modvala.
megr. modvala (mo-dv-ala) `Cacma~. gamoiyofa dv- (dv-ala) `deba~ zmnuri
Ziri. martvilurSi es forma tanisamosis Cacmasac niSnavs da
fexsamosisac. mag. kabas midvans `kabas icvams~, kuCxiSa midvans `fexze
icvams~, sxva dialeqtebSi is mxolod fexze Cacmas aRniSnavs. megrulSi
Sarvlis Cacma da fexsacmlis Cacma erTi da imave sityviT gadmoicema.
mag.: megr. Salvars midvans `Sarvals Caicvams~ – Cafulas midvans
`fexsacmels Caicvams~. am mxriv gansxvavebuli viTareba aris qarTulSi,
sadac nebismieri tanisamosisa (garda mosasxmelisa) da fexsamosis Cacma
aRiniSneba erTi da imave sityviT. Sdr. qarT. kabas icvams, fexsacmels
icvams, Sarvals icvams.
megr. (xeSi || kileSi) milarRvafa (mila-rRv-afa) || ki/����larRvafa xelis.
`gayra~. is nawarmoebia rRvafa `{gada}yra~ zmnuri Zirisagan. ki/����larRvafa
111
|| mi/����larRvafa `zonris an nebismieri saxis Tasmis gayrasac~ niSnavs.
kabas kiles kulurRvans `kabaSi mklavs uyris~. ix. gaxdasTan.
megr. mukodacua (muko-dac-ua) `tanze momdgari, motkecili an Zvirfasi
tanisamosis, an saerTod, kargad Cacma~. gamoiyofa dac- (da-cua)
`zedmiwevniT kargad gakeTeba~. dasturdeba mocemuli Zirisgan nawarmoebi
mimReoba: modacil-i `kargad Cacmuli~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba, agreTve,
fexsamosis an Tavsaburavis moxdenilad daxurvi aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
megr. modacua, gedacafa.
megr. mukodrangua (muko-drang-ua) `koxtad an mdidruli tanisamosis
Cacma~. ix. modrangua.
megr. mukonwkilua (muko-nwkil-ua) `viwro ramis Cama~, `Semotmasna~.
gamoiyofa nwkil- (nwkilua) `Cakvexeba, Catena~. es zmna gamoiyeneba
fexsacmlis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daxurvis mniSvnelobiT. ix.
monwkilua; genwkilua.
megr. mowkantua (mo-wkant-ua) `koxtad, lamazad, sufTad Cacma~. Sdr.
wkantua `koxtad da sufTad keTeba~. mowkantili `koxtad Cacmuli~.
megr. mokvazua (mo-kvaz-ua) `koxtad Cacma, gamowyoba~. gamoiyofa kvaz-
(kvaz-ua) Ziri `kopwiad keTeba~.
megr. mu/����kobardRafa (mu/�ko-bardR-afa) `tanisamosis uSnod Cacma an
uSno tanisamosis Cacma~. muka/m����kabardR���� `uSnod acvia an uSno rame
acvia~. gamoiyofa bardR- Ziri. Sdr. bardRa || bardRala `farTxuna,
feTxumi~. mikibardRuans `uSnod Caicvams~. am fuZisgan aris nawarmoebi
obardRalaia `farTxuna~. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba es sityva iyos
ganmsazRvreli samoslis saxeobisa. mag.; obardRalaia kaba `farTxuna,
uSno kaba~; obardRalaia Sarvali `farTxuna, uSno Sarvali~;
obardRalaia qudi `farTxuna, uSno qudi~. es fuZe gvaqvs sxva
mniSvnelobiTac: minobardRafa `msubuqad moxurva, mogdeba (mxrebze)
(qobalia 2010). mocemuli Zirisagan fexze Cacmisa da Tavze daburvis
aRmniSvneli sityvebic iwarmoeba. ix. mobardRafa. gebardRafa.
megr. mu/����korWipua (mu/�korWipua) `viwro tanisamosis Zlivs Cacma,
Semotmasna~. gamoiyofa rWip- (rWip-ua) `gaWimva, gaweva~ zmnuri Ziri.
mikirWipans `viwro tanisamoss Zlivs, welavs da ise icvams~. gorWipil-i
112
kaba `viwro, Semotmasnili kaba~. gvaqvs am fuZis Semcveli aTorWipua
`viwro sacvlis amocma. aTirWipans `viwro sacvals Zlivs icvams~.
dasturdeba, agreTve, morWipua `viwro Sarvlis Cacma~, mirWipans `viwro
Sarvals Zlivs icvams~. Sesabamisad, gvaqvs gorWipil-i Sarval-i `viwro,
Semotmasnili Sarvali~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba fexze Cacmis an Tavze
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. morWipua, gerWipua.
megr. mukofiorafa (muko-fior-afa) `farTo, gaSlili, msubuqi
tansacmlis Cacma~. SeiZleba gamoiyos fior- Ziri `farfati, friali~.
megr. mukoWonWua (muko-WonW-ua) `bevri tansacmlis uSnod Cacma~.
gamoiyofa WonW- Ziri `daWonWeba, dabebkva, daWonWva~. ix. megr. geWonWua.
megr. mukofarTxafa (muko-farTx-afa) tansacmlis uSnod, feTxumiviT
Cacma. SeiZleba gamoiyos farTx- Ziri, romelic savaraudebelia, iyos
igive farTxu `feTxumi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. mokvarTxua (mo-kvarTx-ua) `gamokvalTva, gamowkepa (qobalia 2010).
es fuZe Seicavs kvarTx- Zirs. Sdr. qarT. mokvalTul-i (mo-kvalT-ul-i) –
tanze lamazad gasworebuli, koxtad momdgari, mWidrod momdgari
(tansacmeli).
megr. mu/����koJgvarTafa (mu/�ko-JgvarT-afa) `CamogrZelebuli uSno
tansacmlis mouxdenlad Cacma~. gamoiyofa JgverT- Sdr. JgverT-i
`Solti, moqnili wneli~. mu/����koJgvarT� � � � e. i. `CamogrZelebuli, tanisamosi
acvia~.
megr. mukoqvaqvafa (muko-qvaqva-fa) `tansacmlis koxtad, lamazad Cacma~.
am sityvaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos qvaqva- , romelic semantikurad igivea, rac
`patara, moxdenili, koxta~. is SesaZloa, gaorkecebuli fuZea: *qva-qva.
mukaqvaqu `koxta tanisamosi acvia~.
megr. mowkantua (mo-wkant-ua) `koxtad Cacma, gamowyoba~. gamoiyofa
wkant- (wkant-ua) `zedmiwevniT koxtad da sufTad keTeba risame~.
mowkantil-i `koxtad Cacmuli~.
megr. muka/m����kagvangu (muka/m�ka-gvang-u) `bevri, sqeli tanisamosi acvia~.
am fuZes sawyisi ar ewarmoeba. es igive gvangva `sqeli, msxvili~ fuZe xom
ar aris?
113
megr. muka/m����kaCax-u (muka/m�ka-Cax-u) `zedmeti rom acvia, bevri da
zomaze didi~. gamoiyofa Cax-. SeiZleba Cax(v)_ Ziris Semcvelia samoslis
erT-erTi saxeoba – elaCaxvil-i kaba `alag-alag gamoberili kaba~.
megr. mukolagal-i (muko-lagal-i) `sruli, moSvebuli tanisamosis
tareba~. muka/m����kalagal� � � � (muka/m�ka-lagal�) `sruli, moSvebuli tansacmeli
acvia~. SeiZleba gamoiyos lagal- fuZe `moSvebuloba, uniaTo svla~. is
dinamikurobas ver gamoxatavs, statikuria.
megr. mu/����korwkipua (mu/�ko-rwkip-ua) `viwro tansacmlis Zlivs Cacma~.
mikirwkipans `viwro tanisamoss Zlivs icvams~. mukarwkipu || mukawkipu
`viwro tanisamosi Zlivs acvia~. gvaqvs am Ziris Semcveli aTo(r)wkipua
(aTo-(r)wkip-ua) `viwro, mokle Sarvlis an sacvlis Cacma~. aTirwkipans
`mokle, viwro Sarvals an sacvals Zlivs icvams~. ewarmoeba mimReoburi
formebi: mowkipil-i `gamowkepili, koxtad Cacmuli~ (Waraia 1997).
gorwkipil-i kaba (Sarvali, palto da sxv.). am Zirisagan fexze Cacmisa da
Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebic iwarmoeba. ix. morwkipua,
gerwkipua. gamoiyofa r-wkip- (r-wkip-ua). m. Cuxua am sityvas ganixilavs
rogorc saerToqarTvelur fuZes. kerZod: rwkip-, rwkipua `mWidrod,
viwrod Semovleba, Cacma raimesi~, go-rwkip-il-i `gawkepili~, qarT. wkep- ||
wkip-, ga-wkep-il-i, svan. skib (z.s., lSx.,), sk����ib (bq.) `mWidro~. is aRadgens
s. qarTv. *wkep- || *wkip- `mWidro, SemWidroeba~ → qarT. wkep- || wkip-, ga-
wkep-il-i, zan. rwkip-, go-rwkip-il-i (Cuxua, leqs., gv. 204). ix. morwkipua,
gerwkipua.
megr. mukoSqvarTafa (muko-SqvarT-afa) `grZeli, mdidruli tanisamosis
moxdenilad Cacma~. gamoiyofa SqvarT-, rac SeiZleba igivea, rac
SqvarTal- `tanis lamazi rxeviT siaruli~.
megr. mukoZvaZvafa (muko-ZvaZv-afa) `mZime, sqeli, zomaze didi
tanisamosis Cacma~. iro jveSi paltos mikiZvaZuans `yovelTvis Zvel,
satareblad mZime paltos icvams~. Sdr. ZvaZv-i `tanmZime, daZonZili bewvi~.
megr. morsua (mors-ua) || mosua (mos-ua) `Semosva, dafarva~. gamoiyofa
mors- || mos- Ziri. imorsu imoseba. gvaqvs misgan nawarmoebi formebi: mors-
il-i | do-mors-il-i | go-mors-il-i `Semosili", `dafaruli": domorsili
ciraq qawudirTH woxole `Semosili (kargad Cacmuli) gogo daudga win~,
114
gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT: domorsili kinoxe kunTxusu `moRuSuli (war-
bSekruli) zis kuTxeSi~. ako-mors-il-i `daburuli~: akomorsilie qiana
`qveyana daburulia (zedmiwevniT `yvelaferi erTpiradaa qceuli", `damxo-
bili~; eSa-mors-il-i (a)morTuli : Wkudi eSamorsilie. `sasaxle (a)morTu-
lia~. es Ziri Cacmis mniSvnelobiT gamovlenilia lazurSic. erT-erT
mTqmelTan davadastureT aseTi forma: mosvei-moqite& `Cacmul-Semosili~.
mosvei-moqite& guitu `Cacmul-mokazmuli dadioda~. gamoiyofa mos-(v) Ziri
`mosva, mocva~: pati SuiTen mosve& `cudi ganzraxvis, bneli sulis
adamiani~.
qarTulSi mos- dasturdeba uZveles werilobiT ZeglebSi. samecniero
literaturaSi qarT. mos- (mos-av-s, Se-i-mos-a) dakavSirebulia svan. msE-
ZirTan (li-msE-i `dafarva", `Semosva"; i-ms-i `imoseba"; ms-an `Seimosa"),
romelic <*mos- Zirisagan (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000, 334). svanurSive das-
turdeba, agreTve, zmnuri forma: a-mos-i `SiSvels mosavs, acmevs". am
fuZeebis Sesatyvisi unda iyos megr. laz. mors- || mos- `Semosva, dafarva~.
megrul mors- ZirSi r- fonetikuri danarTi unda iyos (*mos-) zanurSi,
gansakuTrebiT megrulSi, xSiria r-s ganviTarebis SemTxvevebi spirante-
bis win. mag.: qorsa (← qosa), firsa (← fisi). spirantebis win r-s ganvi-
Tarebis TiTo-orola magaliTi lazurSic dasturdeba. mag. ses-i | sers-i
`xma", korRon-i `koRo". samecniero literaturidan cnobilia, rom ganvi-
Tarebuli r- Ria marcvals xuravs (danelia 1980, 176). albaT, am foneti-
kuri movlenis gamo gvaqvs megr. mors- | mos- (mors-ua | mos-ua), xolo
laz. mos- (vei).
samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs mosazreba qarT. mos- Ziris iranu-
li warmomavlobis Sesaxeb (andronikaSvili 1966, 258).
vinaidan, qarT. mos- zmnuri fuZe dasturdeba uZveles qarTul teqsteb-
Si da moepoveba Sesatyvisi svanurSi, megrulsa da lazurSi, ver gavizia-
rebT m. andronikaSvilis mosazrebas misi iranulidan nasesxobis Sesaxeb,
miT umetes iranulSi gviandeli fonetikuri variantia.
megr. moleba (mo-l-eba) `morgeba~. zedmiw. `mouva~. baRanas palto
vamale `bavSvs palto ar moergeba~. mocemul fuZeSi gamoiyofa l- Ziri,
115
romelsac megr. ula `svla~ zmnis Semcvelia. ix. megr. moleba
fexsacmelTan.
megr. mukatat���� || m����katat� � � � `Txeli, sxeuls zed rom edeba, iseTi rame
acvia~. gamoiyofa tat- Ziri. Sdr. getatafa `odnav Sexeba~. gvaqvs misgan
nawarmoebi aTotatafa (aTo-tat-afa) sacvlis amocma~. am Zirisgan fexze
Cacmisa da Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebic iwarmoeba. ix. megr.
motatafa, getatafa. SesaZloa, imave Zirs Seicavs megr. matatia `erTgvari
Custi, uquslo, e. i. fexis Sesayofi~.
megr. mu/m����konZgilua (mu/m�ko-nZgil-ua) `Cacma (gaWirvebiT)~. gamoiyofa
nZgil- (nZgilafa || nZgilafi || nZgvilafi) `CiCqna~ zmnuri Ziri.
mikinZgilans `viwro tansacmels Zlivs icvams~, m����kanZgil���� `Zlivs acvia
(viwroa)~. am Zirisgan zmniswinebis meSveobiT iwarmoeba fexze Cacmisa da
Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. monZgilua, genZgilua.
megr. mukogujua (muko-guj-ua) `bevris Cacma~. gamoiyofa guj- Ziri. Sdr.
gujua (guj-ua) `amovseba (riTime naxvretisa), Ca-tena, Cxera~ (qajaia II,
2002).
megr. mukonwilua (muko-nwil-ua) `viwro tansacmlis Cacma~. gamoiyofa
nawarmoebia nwil- (nwil-ua) `magrad CaWera~. mikinwilans viwro
tanisamoss icvams. amave mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba gonwilua (gon-wil-ua.). am
Zirisgan iwarmoeba fexze Cacmisa da Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. megr. monwilua, genwilua.
megr. mukoforafa (muko-for-afa) || m����koforafa (m�ko-for-afa) mofareba
(tanze) (qobalia 2010). mikiforans `icvams (ifaravs tans, mTavaria, Caicvas,
Semosili iyos da ara aqvs mniSvneloba, ras Caicvams). mudgias
mikifobranq `nebismier rames Cavicvam~, e. i. tanisamosi ar aris misTvis
mTavari.
megr. mukofayvafa (muko-fayv-afa) `fafuki ramis Cacma~. es zmna ufro
statikurobas gamoxatavs, mag., mukafayu `fafuki, bewviani rame acvia~;
ginafayu `fafuki rame aqvs mogdebuli~. gamoiyofa fayv- Ziri (fayv-in-i ||
fa�v-in-i || fa�-ua) `mCated (fayved) gdeba, jdoma, vardna~ (qajaia II, 2002).
am Zirisgan iwarmoeba fafuki fexsamosis an fafuki Tavsaburavis
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. giofayu, mafayu.
116
megr. mukoCvanCua (muko-CvanC-ua) `bevris uSnod Cacma~. mikiCvanCans
`bevrs, uSnod icvams~.
megr. mukoyvayvafa (muko-yvayva-fa) || m����koyvayvafa (mum�ko-yvayva-fa) `Cacma
(bewviani ramisa)~. bewviSi palto m�kayvayu `bewvis palto acvia~.
gamoiyofa yvayv- (yvayv-afi) `rblad, didi fantelebiT Tova, burtylis
cvena~ (qobalia 2010). misgan mimReobac iwarmoeba: doyvayvil-i `rbili,
Tbili, bewviani ramiT Semosili~. am Zirisgan fexze Cacmisa da Tavze
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebic iwarmoeba.
megr. gonwerua (go-nwer-ua) `gasudrva, ZaZebiT Semosva, CaSaveba~.
(qobalia 2010). gonweril-i `gasudruli, ZaZebiT Semosili, CaSavebuli~
(qobalia 2010). es sityva wyevlis erTgvari formulac aris: gonwerili
sqani dudi! `gamwarde Sen!~.
megr. mokvanwua (mo-kvanw-ua) `gamowyoba, koxtad Cacma~. gamoiyofa kvanw-
(kvanw-ua) Ziri `lamazad, koxtad gakeTeba saqmisa~. mikvanw� � � � `kargad
gamoewyo, koxtad Caicva~. mokvanwil-i `morTuli (tanisamosiT an
samkaulebiT), mokazmuli~.
megr. monwyuala (mo-nwyu-ala) `morTva, mowyoba (tanisamosiTac da
samkaulebiTac)~. gagminwyu `Caicva, gaemzada~. nawarmoebia nwyu- (nwyu-ala)
`wyoba, wesrigSi moyvana~ zmnisagan. monwyil-i || monwyiir-i `morTuli,
mowyobili~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. moRirzua (mo-Rirz-ua) `motmasna, ugvanod SemokvalTva
(Sarvlisa)~ munaRirza `motmasnili (Sarvali)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. mukocikua (muko-cik-ua) `mokle tanisamosis Cacma~. gamoiyofa cik-
(cik-ua) `soba~. mikicikans `mokle tanisamoss icvams, ar ergeba,~.
Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba gvqondes kabis amgvari saxe: mocikil-i
kaba `Zalian mokle kaba (Seusabamo)~. cikua fuZisagan iwarmoeba fexze
Cacmisa da Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. mocikua,
gecikua.
megr. mukoZgibua (muko-Zgib-ua) `viwro tansacmlis Cacma~. gamoiyofa –
Zgib- (Zgibua) zmnuri Ziri `amovseba, datena, dacoba~. mikiZgibans `viwro
tansacmels icvams. Sdr. qarT. Zgib- (Zgib-va) `Wimva~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba
117
fexze Cacmisa da Tavze daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. moZgibua,
geZgibua.
megr. mofirfiSua (mo-firfiS-ua) `lamazad, koxtad an furfuSebiani
tanisamosis Cacma~. Sdr. firfiS-i. igivea, rac qarT. furfuSeb-i
`naoWasxmuli naWrebi, tansacmelze Tu sxva rameze mosarTavad
dakerebuli~. mifirfiSu `lamazad, koxtad Caicva~. mofirfiSel-i
`lamazad gamowyobili an furfuSebiani tanisamosiT Semosili~.
megr. moCistua (mo-Cist-ua) `koxtad, sufTad Cacma, gamowyoba~.
gamoiyofa Cist- Ziri. Sdr. rus. чисто `sufTad, wmindad, faqizad~.
moCistele `koxtad, sufTad Cacmula~. misgan nawarmoebi moCistil-i
`kargad Cacmuli~.
megr. m����kaCax-u `zedmeti rom acvia, bevri da zomaze didi~. am zmnas ar
ewarmoeba sawyisi, gamoxatavs mxolod statikurobas.
megr. surdua `Savad Semosva~. gisurdu `Savad Seimosa, Seisudra~.
ewarmoeba mimReobac: surdil-i `SaviT Semosili, Sesudruli~. Sdr. qarT.
Sesudvra.
megr. SxvarTua (SxvarT-ua) `tansacmlis moxdenilad (lamazad) tareba~
(yifSiZe 1994). Sdr. oSxvarTalaia es SeiZleba nasaxelari zmna iyos,
nawarmoebi SxvarT-i || SxverT-i || SxverT-i `swori, moqnili, kargad
moyvanili da grZeli~ saxelisagan. mukaSxvarT `grZeli, moxdenili
tanisamosi acvia~.
megr. mukofarTxalafa (muko-farTxal-afa) `tanisamosis uSnod Cacma~.
gamoiyofa farTxal- Ziri, Sdr. megr. farTxal-i `farTxali, farTxuni~,
farTxala `farTxuna~. Sdr. qarT. feTxum-i `uwesrigo, usufTao~.
mukafarTxal `farTxuna tansacmeli acvia; uSnod acvia~. Sesabamisad,
gvaqvs saxeoba samoslisa: ofarTxalaia kaba `farTxuna, uSno kaba~.
megr. mukoZikua (muko-Zik-ua) || m����koZikua (m�ko-Zik-ua) `viwro, mokle
ramis Cacma~. mukaZik���� `viwro, mokle ram acvia~. aToZikua (aTo-Zik-ua)
`viwro ramis amocma~. aTaZik� `viwro rame acvia~. gamoiyofa Zik- Ziri,
Zikua (Zik-ua) `gatena, gavseba~. Sdr. qiziy. Zek- (gamo-Zek-va) `gavseba,
gamotena (tomris, gudasi da misT.)~, gamoZekil-i (gamo-Zek-il-i) `rac
gamoZekes~ (qegli II, 2010). es Ziri dasturdeba qarTlurSic: Zek-, gaZekil-
118
i (ga-Zek-il-i), CaZekil-i (Ca-Zek-il-i) `Zalian gavsebuli, gatenili~. megr.
Zik- Zirisagan iwarmoeba fexsacmlis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daburvis
aRmniSvneli saxelebic. ix. megr. moZikua, geZikua.
megr. mukafaJval� � � � (muka-faJval�) || m����kafaJval���� (mukafaJval�) `xalvaTad,
uSnod acvia~. gamoiyofa faJv- Ziri. Sdr. megr. faJua `moSveba, gawelva,
CafarTxuneba~, gofaJval-i sixalvaTe (samosisa tanze)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. moCarxua (mo-Carx-ua) `kargad Cacma-daxurva, Calxad Cacma (fexze),
SemarTva~ (qobalia 2010). gamoiyofa Ziri Carx-. gvaqvs aqedan nawarmoebi
moCarxil-i `kargad Cacmul-daxuruli, Calxad Cacmuli fexze,
gamojgimuli~. moCarxele `kargad, kargi tanisamosiT gamowyobila,
gamojgimula~. ix megr. moCarxafa.
megr. qunCua (qunC-ua) `Sexveva, Seburva, qunCiT daTbuneba~. dudi axali
nabona gafu do mangaras giiqunCi! `Tavi axali dabanili gaqvs da magrad
Seixvie!~ (qajaia III, 2002). doqunCili re `Seburvilia, bevri ram aqvs
tanze Semoxveuli~.
lazuri
Llaz. gekarTu || gekarTafa `dakapiweba, gamowyoba, galamazeba~. Sdr.
gekarTeri `saxelodakapiwebuli~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. goTvalu || goTumu || goTumalu `Semoxveva, Semofarva~ (Tandilava
2013). metaqsiSi goTvalu, xolo �iraje CarSavi ÁuWofaTen `abreSumis
Semosaxvevi, kidev firalis pirbade unda uyidoT (Ciqobava 1936, 64). Sdr.
goTumalafa `irgvliv mofareba~.
laz. gokiru || golakiru || golakoru || golakiafa `Sexveva, Semoxveva~
(Tandilava 2013). ar muTxani qagepwki do qogovikii `erTi raRac
Camovxseni da Sevixvie~ (kartozia 1972, 124). Sdr. laz. golakiale
`Semosakravi, Semosaxvevi~.
laz. gonZiqu `akalTaveba, wakapiweba~. Sdr. gonZiqeri `akalTavebuli~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. gorCu `Semofarva, Semoxveva~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. gowakoru || gowakiru `wakvra (winsafris)~. bozofe kuCxe teteli,
Tis ar Áazma melakorer do ar fota gowakorer dulÁaSa ulunan
119
`gogoebi fexSiSvelni, Tavze erT TavsafarSemoxveul da erT
winsafarwakruli midian~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. dolodrawu `mitmasnva tansacmlis da CaRmavebis gaCena~ (uzunha-
sanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. doloqunu `Cacma (tanze)~ (Tandilava 2013), romelic
`Casacmelsac~ niSnavs. man doloiquna `vicvam (tanze)~. eSo doloquns,
muTu var aZiren `ise acvia, rom araferi ar uCans~ (Cveni masala) ||
doloqunafa `Cacma~ (Tandilava 2013). WumaniSi qagopkucxi do qeiseli,
qodoloiquni �orkafe `dilas gaviRviZe da avdeqi, Cavicvi tanisamosi
(kabebi) (asaTiani 1974, 53). Sdr. doloquner-i `Cacmuli~. ix. megr. doqunua.
laz. elanZiqu `akalTaveba~. Sdr. laz. elanZiqeri `akalTavebuli~.
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. TaTmaniSi modvalu `xelTaTmanis gakeTeba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. mezimu `mozmaneba~. man meizimuf `vizomeb~. ix. megr. mezimafa
`mozomeba,~ `mozmaneba~ (o. qajaia II, 2002).
laz. molanZiqu || elanZiqu `akecva (grZelis samosis an xelis)~. man
SarvaÁ elanZiqeÁ miRun `me Sarvali akecili maqvs~. Sdr. elanZiqe&&&&
`akecili~ (Cveni masala).
laz. moqTiu `gamocvla~. ma viqtaf `vicvli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. mowifxu, mowyvinu `morTva, gamowyoba~ (Cveni masala).
2) Tavsaburavis daxurva
megruli
megr. burua (bur-ua) `daburva, dafareba~ (Waraia 1997). gamoiyofa bur-
Ziri: buruns `iburavs, ifarebs~. misgan aris nawarmoebi Tavsaburavis
aRmniSvneli zogadi saxeli obural-i (o-bur-al-i) `dasaburavi~. is
warmoebiT mimReobaa, daniSnulebas gamoxatavs. Sdr. qarT. bur- (burva)
`zeidam dafareba~ (saba).
megr. gerTumala (ge-rT-um-ala) || geTumala (ge-Tum-ala) `daxurva,
daburva (Tavisa)~. gamoiyofa daxurvis, daburvis aRmniSvneli rT- Ziri.
girTvans `ixuravs~. am Ziris Semcveli sityva gvaqvs lazurSi. Sdr. laz.
120
moTvalu || moTumu. megr. rT- Ziridan aris nawarmoebi Tavsaburavis
aRmniSvneli zogadi terminebi. ix. giorTumalar-i.
megr. gebardRafa (ge-bardR-afa) `uSno Tavsaburavis an Tavsaburavis
uSnod dafareba~. giobardR� � � � `uSnod an uSno rame axuravs, afaria~. am
Zirisgan tanisamosisa da fexsacmlis Cacmis Cacmis aRmniSvneli
sityvebic iwarmoeba. ix. mukobardRafa, mobardRafa.
megr. gebartyafa (ge-barty-afa) `rbili, fafuki Tavsaburavis daxurva,
dafareba~. gamoiyofa barty- zmnuri Ziri. Sdr. bartyua `bertyva, ferTxva,
rbilad gartyma; daabartyu `rbilad daeca~; birtya `brtyeli~. qudi
giobarty `rbili fafuki qudi axuravs~.
megr. gebiZgafa (ge-biZg-afa) `viwro Tavsaburavis daxurva~. giobiZg
(gio-biZg) `viwro Tavsaburavi axuravs~. am Ziris Semcveli sityva gvaqvs
fexsacmlisa da tansacmlis Cacmis aRsaniSnavadac.
megr. gedacafa (ge-dac-afa) `moxdenilad an swrafad qudis daxurva~.
qigidacans qudis `moxdenilad daixuravs quds~. gamoiyofa dac- Ziri.
misgan iwarmoeba tanisamosisa da fexsamosis Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityvebi.
ix. megr. mukodacua, modacua.
megr. gezimafa `Tavsaburavis dazomeba~. dudiSa gizimuans `Tavze
moizomebs~.
megr. gekvakvafa (ge-kvakva-fa) `koxtad an koxta, patara Tavsaburavis
daburva~. gikvakuans `koxta Tavsaburavs, an koxta Tavsaburavs koxtad
iburavs~. gamoiyofa kvakva- Ziri, romelic gaorkecebulia. Sdr. megr.
kvakva `koxta, lamazi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. gentira (ge-ntir-a) `Tavze morgeba, metwilad qudisa~, zedmiw.
`dateva~. gamoiyofa ntir- (ntir-a) `dateva~ zmnuri Ziri. dusu qudi
giantire `Tavze qudi eteva~. am Zirisgan nawarmoebi sityvebi gvaqvs
tanisamosisa da fexsamosis Cacmis mniSvnelobiTac. ix. megr. mukontira,
montira.
megr. genwilua (ge-nwil-ua) `viwro qudis daxurva~. gionwil�. `viwro
qudi axuravs~. amosavali aris nwil- (nwil-ua) `magrad Cawera~. am
Zirisgan tansacmlisa da fexsacmlis Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityvebic
iwarmoeba. ix. megr. mukonwilua, monwilua.
121
megr. gerWipua (ge-rWip-ua) `viwro qudis daxurva~. gamoiyofa rWip- Ziri.
rWipua (rWip-ua) `gaWimva, gaweva~. girWipans `viwro quds ixuravs~. am
Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosisa da fexsamosis CaCmis aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. meg. mukorWipua, morWipua.
megr. gefaxvafa (ge-faxv-afa) `msubuqi an fumfula qudis daxurva an
Tavsafris dafareba~. gamoiyofa faxv- zmnuri Ziri. Sdr. megr. faxv-
`msubuqi ramis an vinmes davardna, dacema~ (qobalia 2010), giofaxu
`msubuqi, fumfula Tavsaburavi axuravs~.
megr. gefayvafa (ge-fayv-afa) `msubuqi, bewviani Tavsaburavis, ufro
metad qudis daxurva~. fayv- aris zmnuri Ziri. Sdr. fayvin-i (fayv-in-i) ||
fa����vin-i (fa�v-in-i) || fa����ua (fa-�ua) `mCated (fayved) gdeba, jdoma, vardna~
(qajaia I, 2001). giofayu `msubuqi, bewviani Tavsaburavi axuravs (mCated)~.
Sdr. imer. fayve `zomaze didi tanisamosi~ (Wyonia 1910). megr. fayv-
sityvis istoriisTvis ix. megr. fayu.
megr. geforafa (ge-for-afa) `dafareba~. gamoiyofa for- (for-ua) zmuri
Ziri, romlisganac aris nawarmoebi awoforafa (awo-for-afa) Camofareba
(Tavsafrisa), Camofxatva (qudisa), ix. awoforafa tansacmelTan
`winsafris wakvra~.
megr. getatafa (ge-tata-fa) `Txeli, msubuqi Tavsaburavis daxurva~.
qudi giotat���� `Txeli qudi axuravs~. gamoiyofa tat- (tat-afa) zmnuri
Ziri. misgan nawarmoebi sityvebi gvaqvs tansacmlisa da fexsacmlis
Cacmis semantikur jgufSi. ix. megr. mukotatafa, motatafa.
megr. gialagal���� `zomaze didi qudi axuravs ise, rom qudi Tavis
garSemo moZraobs.~
megr giToyvayvafa (giTo-yvayva-fa) `yelze bewviani ramis (Tavsafris an
kaSnes Semoxveva)~. giTayvayu `yelze bewviani mosaxvevi aqvs moxveuli.
gamoiyofa yvayv- Ziri. misgan nawarmoebi sityvebi gvaqvs tanisamosisa da
fexsamosis Cacmis aRmniSvnel Tematur jgufSi. ix. megr. mukoyvayvafa,
moyvayvafa.
megr. genwkilua `viwro Tavsaburavis, kerZod, qudis daxurva~.
122
megr. gefaxvin-i (ge-faxv-in-i) `qudis (srulad) daxurva~. igivea, rac
gefa�vini `didi ramis fuyed deba~ (qajaia I, 2001). qudi giofaxu dus
`qudi (srulad) axuravs Tavze~.
megr. getatafa (ge-tata-fa) `Txeli, msubuqi Tavsaburavis daxurva~.
qudi giotat���� `Txeli qudi axuravs~. gamoiyofa tat- (tat-afa) zmnuri
Ziri. misgan nawarmoebi sityvebi gvaqvs tansacmlisa da fexsacmlis
Cacmis semantikur jgufSi. ix. megr. mukotatafa, motatafa.
megr. giTodvala (giTo-dval-a) || g����Todvala (g�To-dval-a) `yelze
kaSnes an sxva ramis Semovleba (Semodeba)~. giTidvans `yelze kaSnes an
sxva rames Semoidebs~. nawarmoebia dval- (dval-a) `deba~ zmnuri
Zirisagan. misgan aris nawarmoebi yelze Semosaxvevis zogadi
saxelwodeba – guTadvalar-i (guTa-dval-ar-i) || giTadvalar-i (giTa-dval-
ar-i) `Semosadebi (mosaxvevi)~, romelic warmoebiT mimReobaa,
daniSnulebas gamoxatavs. statikurobis gadmosacemad mas sxva fuZe
enacvleba. kerZod, (kisers) guToZ� � � � || g����ToZ� � � � || g����TaZ� � � � `yelze aqvs
Semovlebuli, Semodebuli~.
megr. guToskuala (guTo-sku-ala) || guTosquala (guTo-squ-ala) `yelze
Semoxveva, Sekvra~. gamoiyofa squ- || sku- Ziri, `Sekvras niSnavs~.
giTiskuans `yelze Semoixvevs.~
megr. kir- `Sekvra~ zmnis Zirisagan iwarmoeba sxvadasxva Sinaarsis
fuZeebi: giTokirua (giTo-kir-ua) || g����Tokirua (g�To-kir-ua) `yelze
Semoxveva~. giTakir���� || g����Takir���� `yelze Semoxveuli aqvs~; gokirua (go-kir-
ua) `Tavis Sekvra, Sexveva, yabalaxis Semoxveva~: qigikir� � � � baSlayu
`Semoixvia yabalaxi~; (dudiS) kinokirua (kinokirua) || k����nokirua
(k�nokirua) `wakvra~. kinikirans `waikravs~. mocemuli zmna gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT gvxvdeba SesityvebaSi: ����vaSi kinokirua `damwuxreba,
mgloviaroba~, zedmiw. Sublze wakvra~. es erTgvari eTnografiuli wesia,
romlis arsi aseTia: glovis niSnad kacebic da qalebic Tav-Subls Savi
samkuTxa TavsafriT ikraven (qobalia 2010).
megr. ge����oTama (ge-�oT-ama) `swrafad daxurva Tavsaburavisa~, zedmiw.
`Tavze saburavis dagdeba~. gamoiyofa ����oT- (�oT-ama) Ziri. `dagdeba~. am
123
Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosisa da fexsamosis Cacmis aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. megr. mo�oTama, muko�oTama.
megr. goxvaxua (go-xvax-ua) `gaxveva, gaburva; mravalfad SefuTva,
Seburva (Tavisa). gixvaxvan-s `mravalfad, an Tbili TavsafriT SeifuTavs,
Seiburavs Tavs~. gamoiyofa xvax- zmnuri Ziri. am Sinaarsis mixedviT
Tavsafari SeiZleba iyos gaxvaxvali.
megr. gokarkatua (go-karkat-ua) `Semoxveva (Tavsaburavisa,
TavSesakravisa)~. gamoiyofa karkat- Ziri. dudiSa baSlayus qigikarkatans
`Tavze yabalaxs Semoixvevs~.
megr. mocikafa (mo-cik-afa) `cilindriviT an uSno qudis daxurva,
wamocma Tavze~. gamoiyofa cik- (mo-cik-ua) Ziri `wamocma~ (tarze). qudi
giocik���� qudi axuravs~.
lazuri
laz. goTvalu `dafareba~. Sdr. goTvalei `dafarebuli~. ar oxoiSa
qomoxTu fosti goTvalei do xezmeqÁaÁ qemzdiT!-Áa `erT saxlSi movida
tyavdafarebuli da mosamsaxured amiyvaneT!-o~ (asaTiani 1974, 102).
laz. gokiru || gokiu `Semokvra, Semoxveva~. kapulas falTo, Tis
baSluRi gikirtu’Wkule hemdi xolo yiniTen TirTintu `zurgze palto,
Tavze baSlayi hqonda Semokruli hemdis da mainc siciviT kankalebda~
(Ciqobobava 1929, 28). asaTianTan gvaqvs: elo(<ela-o)-kor-u-n {Se{Se{Se{Se}moxveuli
aqvs (garedan, garSemo...). Sdr. melakorer-i `Sexveuli~ (mela-kor-er-i):
Tis-Ti uCa &azma melakorer gulunan `Tavze SavTavsafarSemoxveulebi
dadian~ (diumezili 2009, 128). yalis kasinka gokirs `yelze kasinka aqvs
Semoxveuli~ (Cveni masala).
laz. golakiu || Tis golakiu `wakvra~ (Cveni masala).
laz. gÁeTvala || gÁeTvalafa `dafareba, daxurva~. Sdr. gÁeTvaleri
`daxuruli~. Jur patanie gÁeTvaleri janutu `ori sabangadaxuruli iwva~
(Tandilava 2013).
laz. eTvafa `daxureba~ (Tandilava 2013).
124
laz. elakiru `Semoxveva~. Sdr. elakirer-i, elakirel-i `Semoxveuli~.
Áazma elakireli muntu qÁoiSa `TavsafarSemoxveuli modioda sofelSi~
(lazuris fondi).
laz. melakoru || milakoru ||milakorafa `Sexveva, gaxveva~. bozofe
kuCxe teteli, Tis ar Áazma melakorer do ar fota gowakorer dulÁaSa
ulunan `gogoebi fexSiSvelni, Tavze erT TavsafarSemoxveuli da erT
winsafarwakruli midian~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. meJakiu `wakvra~ || Ti meJakiu `Tavze wakvra~. Ti meJakieri giRu
`Tavi wakruli gaqvs~ (Cveni masala).
laz. moTumu `daxurva~. man moiTumer mandilis `mandils vixurav~.
papaxiSi moTumu `qudis daxurva~. Sdr. laz. moTumer-i || moTvale-Á
`daxuruli~ (Cveni masala). bozofe metaqsiSi фota Tiz moTфaler...
gulunan `gogoebi abreSumis Tavsafardafarebulebi dadian~ (diumezili
2009, 13).
laz. ontkobinu (o-{n{n{n{n}tkob-in-u) `damalva, Cadris dafareba~. ma va
gofTa-&a awia-a? amus otkobinu unonia, otkobinu ― Cadri na giTumelan
`me awi ar gaviaroo? amas damalva undao, damalva – Cadrs rom ifareben~
(Ciqobava 1929, 37).
3) fexsamosis Cacma
megruli
fexsamosis Cacmis semantikur jgufSi aRwerili da gaanalizebulia
fexsacmlis an windis Cacmis aRniSvneli sityvebi semantikurad da
struqturulad. gaTvaliswinebulia fexsamosis Cacmis niuansebi –
zogadad, Cacma, morgeba, Cazomeba, moxdeniloba. Cacmis manera
damokidebuli aris fexsamosis formaze, xarisxze. am TvalsazrisiT, am
jgufSi Semavali saxelebi metad sainteresoa.
megr. malagal���� `zomaze didi fexsacmeli acvia ise, rom fexsacmeli
moZraobs SigniT~
125
megr. mobaxvafa (mo-baxv-afa) `formiT, an zomiT, an braxuna fexsacmeli
acvia~. gamoiyofa bax- Ziri. mabax-u `didi fexsacmeli acvia~. Sdr.
oboxua `erTgvari fexsacmeli~.
megr. monkalua (mo-nkal-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma, gakvexeba fexisa~.
gamoiyofa nkal- (nkal-ua) `Setenva, gakvexeba~. minkalan-s `viwro
fexsacmels Zlivs icvams~.
megr. monwkilua (mo-nwkil-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma~ (Cveni masala).
megr. moCvarTafa (mo-CvarT-afa) `uSno fexsacmlis, an fexsacmlis
uSnod Cacma. miCvarTuan-s `uSno fexsacmels, an fexsacmels uSnod
icvams~. gamioyofa CvarT- Ziri. Sdr. megr. CvarTa `fexmrudi, mrude
terfis mqone~ (qajaia III, 2002). CvarT- Zirisagan iwarmoeba mimReoba
moCvarTil-i `uSnod Cacmuli~. dasturdeba mocemuli fuZisgan nawarmoebi
fexsacmlis saxeobis aRmniSvneli sityva: oCvarTaia Cafula `uSno
fexsacmeli~.
megr. moyvayvafa (moyvayvafa) `bewviani, Tbili fexsacmlis an windis
Cacma~. gamoiyofa yvayva- Ziri. mayvay-u `bewviani, Tbili fexsacmeli an
winda acvia~. mayvay-u `Tbili, bewviani fexsacmeli an winda acvia. am
Ziris Semcveli sityvebi gamovlenilia tanisamosis Cacmis an
Tavsaburavis daburvis aRsaniSnavad. ix. megr. mukoyvayvafa, geyvayvafa.
megr. modrangua (mo-drang-ua) `kargi fexsacmlis, moxdenilad,
morgebulad Cacma~. gamoiyofa drang- Ziri. midrangan-s `karg fexsacmels
moxdenilad icvams~. am Zirisgan aris nawarmoebi tanisamosis Cacmis
aRmniSvneli sityva. ix. megr. mukodringua.
megr. moCarxafa (mo-Carx-afa) `Calxad Cacma, zomaze didi fexsacmlis
Cacma~ (qobalia 2010). gamoiyofa Carx- zmnuri Ziri. miCarxuan-s `zomaze
did fexsacmels Calxad Caicvams~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosis
Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityva. ix. megr. moCarxua.
megr. moCarTafa `zomaze didi, an uSno fexsacmlis, an uSnod,
mouxdenladDCacma~. gamoiyofa CarT- Ziri. miCarTuan-s `zomaze didi, uSno
fexsacmels an uSnod, mouxdenlad icvams~.
megr. modacua (mo-dac-ua) `kargi fexsacmlis, an moxdenilad Cacma~.
gamoiyofa dac- Ziri. qimidacan-s `karg fexsacmels an moxdenilad
126
Caicvams~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosisa da Tavsaburavis daxurvis
RmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. mukodacua, gedacafa.
megr. motatafa (mo-tat-afa) `Custis Cacma, fexis wayofa~. mitatuan-s
`Custs Caicvams, wayofs fexs~. gamoiyofa tat- Ziri. migan iwarmoeba
tanisamosis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daxurvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
megr. mukotatafa, getatafa.
megr. moZikua (mo-Zik-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis mouxdenlad Cacma~.
gamoiyofa Zik- Ziri. Sdr. megr. Zikua (Zik-ua) `gatena, gavseba~. miZikan-s
`viwro fexsacmels uSnod Caicvams~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosis
Cacmis aRmniSvneli sityva. ix. megr. mukoZikua.
megr. mobiZgua (mo-biZg-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma~. gamoiyofa biZg-
Ziri. mibiZgan-s `viwro fexsacmels icvams~. mabiZg���� `Zlivs acvia viwro
fexsacmeli~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosis Cacmisa da Tavze
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. mukobiZgua, gebiZgua.
megr. monwilua (mo-nwil-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma~. gamoiyofa nwil-
Ziri. minwilan-s `viwro fexsacmels Zlivs icvams.~ am Zirisgan iwarmoeba
tanisamosis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
mukonwilua, genwilua.
megr. moleba (mo-l-eba) `moxdoma, morgeba~. gamoiyofa l- Ziri. male (ma-
l-e) mouxdeba, moergeba~, zedmiw. `mouva~. am Ziris Sesaxeb ix. tanisamosis
Cacmis jgufSi megr. moleba.
megr. kuCxiSi inoRala `Cacma, fexis Seyofa~ zedmiw. `fexis Setana~.
kuCxis iniRans `icvams~, zedmiw. `fexi Seaqvs (fexsacmelSi)~.
megr. kuCxiSi inodg����ma `Cacma~, zedmiw. `fexis Cadgma~. kuCxis inodg�ns
`icvams, fexs yofs~, zedmiw. `fexs dgams (fexsacmelSi)~.
megr. kuCxiSi inokasua `viwro fexsacmlis ZaldatanebiT Cacma~, zedmiw.
`fexis Catena~. kuCxis inakasans `viwro fexsacmels ZaldatanebiT icvams~,
zedmiw. `fexs tenis~.
megr. kuCxiSi dinoCanafa || inoCanafa `fexsacmelSi fexis Cayofa~.
kuCxis dinaCanuans `fexi aqvs Cayofili~. Sdr. megr. dinoCanafa `Cayofa~:
aTaq kuCxi qidnaCane `aq fexi Cayavi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
127
megr. mobawkafa (mo-bawk-afa) `koxtad morgeba fexsacmlisa; mobakuneba~.
mabawk���� `axali kargi fexsacmeli acvia~. gamoiyofa bawk- Ziri. Sdr.
bawkafi `baki-buki, WraWuni fexsacmlisa~. Sdr. obawkaia `koxta, WraWuna,
bakuna (fexsacmeli)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. modvala (mo-dval-a) `Cacma fexsacmlisa an windisa~. martvilurSi
modvala tansacmlis Cacmis mniSvnelobiTac ixmareba. gamoiyofa dv- (dva-
la) Ziri `deba~. sainteresoa fexacmlis an windis waRma an ukuRma Cacmis
aRmniSvneli sityvebi: morZgviSe modvala `waRma Cacma~, kvarCxiSe
modvala `ukuRma Cacma~. dv- Zirisgan aris nawarmoebi madvalar-i
`fexsacmeli~, romelic ganxiluli gvaqvs fexsamosis aRmniSvnel zogad
jgufSi.
megr. mojRarkafa (mo-jRark-afa) `jRanebis mogdeba fexze~ (qobalia
2010). gamoiyofa jRarj- Ziri. Sdr. megr. jRan-i `jRani, Zveli
fexsacmeli~. SeiZleba mocemuli zmna nasaxelaria. majRark���� `jRanebi an
uSno fexsacmeli acvia~.
megr. mogvagvafa (mo-gvagv-afa). `didi fexsacmlis Cacma~. magvagu (ma-
gvag-u) `didi fexsacmeli acvia~. gamoiyofa gvagv- Ziri, romelic
gaorkecebuli fuZe Cans. Sdr. megr. gvagvaf-i `msxvili sagnis magrad
dacemis xma~.
megr. maCak���� (ma-Cak�) `didi raRac acvia~. SeiZleba gamoiyos Cak- Ziri.
megr. mobardRafa (mo-bardR-afa). mibardRuans- `uSno fexsacmels an
uSnod Caicvams~. SeiZleba gamoiyos bardR- Ziri. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba
samoslis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix.
megr. mobardRafa. gebardRafa.
megr. majvarz���� (ma-jvarz�) `mZime, zomaze didi fexsacmeli acvia~.
gamoiyofa jvarz- Ziri. Sdr. megr. jvarzini `mZime sagnis deba; mrisxaned,
kuStad jdoma~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. monZgilua (mo-nZgil-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis Cacma~. qiminZgil� � � �
`(viwro fexsacmeli) Zlivs Caicva~. gamoiyofa nZgil- Ziri. misgan
iwarmoeba tanisamosis Cacmis an Tavsaburavis daburvis aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. megr. mukonZgilua, m�konZgilua.
128
megr. morWipua (mo-rWip-ua) `zomiT patara, viwro fexsacmlis an windis
Cacma. mirWipan-s `viwro fesacmels an windas Zlivs icvams~. gamoiyofa
rWip- Ziri. megr. rWipua `gaWimva, gaweva~ (i. yifSiZe). am Zirisgan
iwarmoeba tanisamosis Cacmis an Tavsaburavis daburvis aRmniSvneli
sityvebi. ix. megr. mukorWipua, gerWipua.
megr. mo����oTama (mo-�oT-ama) `fexze swrafad Cacma, zedmiw. `mogdeba
fexze~. qimi����oTan-s `fexsacmels an windas Caicvams swrafad, zedmiw.
`moigdebs fexze~; gamoiyofa ����oT- `gdeba~ Ziri. misgan iwarmoeba
tanisamosis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi.
megr. morwkipua (mo-rwkip-ua) `viwro fexsacmlis an windis Cacma~.
mirwkipans `Zlivs icvams fexsacmels an windas~. gamoiyofa rwkip- Ziri.
mocemuli fuZisgan iwarmoeba windis saxeoba: gorwkipili TaTmani `viwro
winda~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba tanisamosis Cacmisa da Tavsaburavis
daburvis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr. mukorwkipua, gerwkipua.
megr. moCxarkafa (mo-Cxark-afa) `saSinao fexsacmlis, umetesad
Selaxuli flostebis, Zveli, sruli fexsacmlis uSnod Cacma~. maCxark� � � �
`Custi an Selaxuli fexsacmeli uSnod acvia~. gamoiyofa Cxark- Ziri.
Sdr. megr. Cxarkafi `Cxaruni~, Cxark-i `Zveli fexsacmeli, jRani~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. mozimafa (mo-zim-afa) `zmaneba~. gamoiyofa zim- (zim-ua) `zomva~
mizimuans `(Ca)izomebs~. inozimafa (ino-zim-afa) `Cazomeba, Cadgma (fexisa)~
(Waraia 1997).
lazuri
laz. kuCxe meSaCu `fexis Cadgma, Seyofa~. modvalus kuCxe qomeSafCi
`fexsacmelSi fexi Cavdgi, (Cavicvi)~ (Cveni masala).
laz. meSamalu `Seyofa (fexis)~ (Cveni masala).
laz. meSaRala `Cacma (fexze)~. meSaiRi kuCxe modvalus do meunkapi
`Cavicvi fexsacmeli da gaviqeci~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. megr. miSaRala ||
miToRala (kuCxiSi) `id~.
129
laz. modvalu || modvalafa || modumu || modu `Cacma (fexze)~ 9Tandilava
2013). papuwi qomuidvi `Custi Cavicvi~ (Cveni masala). foTiniSi doloxe
TiTxu wineki muidumelan `fexsacmlis SigniT Txel windas icvamen~
(Ciqobava 1929, 150).
laz. moZin `acvia~. kuCxes moZin nalini `fexT acvia qoSi~ (asaTiani
1974, 79). kuCxes lastiki moZitu `fexze kaloSi ecva~ (Ciqobava 1929, 93).
Sdr. qomoZin `afaria, axuravs, acvia~ || moZun || gomozun `wamocmuli aqvs,
ukeTia~.
4) samoslis gaxda, gamocvla
megruli
am jgufSi ganxilulia samoslis gaxdis, gamocvlis aRmniSvneli
sityvebi.
megr. mukonwy����ma (muko-nwy�-ma) || m����konwy����ma `tanisamosis gaxda~.
gamoiyofa nwy����- (nwy�-ma) Ziri `xsna, xda~. misgan iwarmoeba mimReoba
mukonwy����mil-i `gaxdili~.
am konteqstSi sainteresoa megrulSi dadasturebuli forma: gorCvil-i
(go-rCv-il-i) `gaZarcvuli~ (qajaia I, 2001), romelic nawarmoebia rCuala
(rCu-ala) `Zarcva, gacveTa~ zmnisagan. gvaqvs paraleluri forma
gorcvil-i (go-rcv-il-i). tanisamosis gaxdis mniSvnelobiT megrulSi
piriani forma ara Cans. am mniSvnelobiT is daculi aris mimReobaSi:
gorCvil-i || gorcvil-i, magram am SemTxvevaSic semantika odnav
gadaweulia. mag., gorCvili voreq `araferi ar gamaCnia, – ara mxolod
tanisamosiT, aramed yvelafrianad~.
megr. mukosofua (muko-sof-ua) `swrafad gaxda (zedmiw. mogleja)~.
gamkisofu bargi `swrafad gaixada tansacmeli~. es fuZe nawarmoebia sof-
(sof-ua) `{mo}gleja~ Zirisagan.
megr. mukorRvafa (muko-rRva-fa) `swrafad gaxda, dayra tansacmlisa~.
es fuZe gamoiyeneba mxolod mravlobiTis formiT: bargi gamkirRu
`tanisamosi gaixada (zedmiw. `dayara~)~.
130
megr. mukoJvilua (mo-Jvil-ua) `fexsacmlis swrafad gaxda~. mocemuli
fuZe Jvil- (Jvil-ua) `gleja~ Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi. gamkiJvil���� kaba
`swrafad gaixada kaba~. am Ziris Semcveli sityvebi gvaqvs fexsamosis
gaxdisa da Tavsaburavis moxdis, moxsnis aRmniSvnel semantikur
jgufSi. ix. megr. moJvilua, eJvilua.
lazuri
laz. mosTimu `gaZroma (samosis)~. na-moZitu Sarvali do bluzafe
gamosTu `rom ecva Sarvali da bluza, gaZvra~ (Cveni masala).
laz. gonRaRafa || gonRaRu `gaReRa~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. go(r)Cu 1. `gaxda~ (Tandilava 2013). nana-muSis SeÁefe gorCu
`dedamiss nivTebi gaxada / dedamisi gaaSiSvla~ (yifSiZe 1994, 79).
laz. gowkimu `moxsna~. oxorjalefeq gowakiu guwiwkes `qalebma
winsafari moixsnes~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. mowkimu || mowku || mowu `gaxda (samoslis)~. gamiwku doloqunu
muSi `gaixada Tavisi samosi~.
laz. okowkimu `gaxda, gaxsna~. beeq forCa ukuiwku do qowiu `bavSma
perangi gaixsna da uCvena~ (kartozia 1972, 149).
laz. xegamalu `xelis (mklavis) gamoReba~. xeforCaSen xe qagamiRu
`mklavidan xeli gamoiRo~ (Cveni masala). emus forCa qamowkes do baSqa
forCa qodoloqunes `mas perangi gaxades da sxva perangi Caacves~
(lazuris fondi).
laz. monqTuru || oqTuru `Secvla~. iqTuru, iqTiru `Seicvala~. si
forCa diqTuri, ama guri var iqTuridoren `Sen perangi Seicvale, magram
guli ar Segcvlia~ (lazuris fondi).
5) fexsamosis gaxda
megruli
megr. monwy����ma (mo-nwy�-ma) `gaxda fexsacmlisa an windisa~. gamoiyofa
nwy����- (nwy����-ma) Ziri `moxsna~. minwy����n----s `gaixdis~.
131
megr. mo����oTama (mo-�oT-ama) `swrafad gaxda fexsacmlisa an windisa~. es
fuZe nawarmoebi aris ����oT- (����oT-ama) `gdeba~ Zirisagan. mi����oTans `swrafad
gaixdis (zedmiw. `dayris fexsacmels an windebs)~. am Zirisgan iwarmoeba
tanisamosis gaxdis an Tavsaburavis moxdis aRmniSvneli sityvebi. ix. megr.
muko�oTama, e�oTama.
megr. mosofua (mo-sof-ua) swrafad, sibraziT gaxda fexsacmlisa,
zedmiw. `mogleja~. gamoiyofa sof- (sof-ua) `gleja~ Ziri. gamisofu
Cafula `swrafad, sibraziT gaixada fexsacmeli~. am Ziris Semcveli
sityvebi gvaqvs tanisamosis gaxdisa da Tavsaburavis moxdis
mniSvnelobiT. ix. megr. mukosofua, esosua.
megr. moJvilua (mo-Jvil-ua) `fexsacmlis swrafad gaxda~. mocemuli
fuZe Jvil- (Jvil-ua) `gleja~ Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi. am Ziris
Semcveli sityvebi gvaqvs tanisamosis gaxdisa da Tavsaburavis moxdis,
moxsnis aRmniSvnel semantikur jgufSi. ix. megr. mokoJvilua, eJvilua.
lazuri
laz. kuCxeS/s || kuCxeS modvaluS-i mowku || mowkimu `gaxda
(fexsacmlis)~. man kuCxeS moiwkif `me fexze vixdi~ (Cveni masala).
laz. mosTvalu `gaZroba (fexsamosis)~. ma qamomosTu modvalu
`fexsacmeli gamZvra~ (Cveni masala).
laz. TaTmaniSi mowyimu `xelTaTmnis gaZroba~ (Cveni masala).
6) Tavsaburavis moxda
megruli
megr. enwyuma (e-nwy-uma) || enwy����ma (e-nwy�-ma) `moxda, moxsna
Tavsaburavisa~. wyu- || nwy����- Zirisgan aris nawarmoebi. mis Sesaxeb ix.
monwy����ma. einwyun-s || einwy����n-s `(mo)ixdis, moixsnis Tavsaburavs~.
megr. eJvilua (e-Jvil-ua) `swarafad moxda, moxsna Tavsaburavisa~. qica
geiJvil� � � � `uceb, swrafad moixsna Tavsafari~. fuZe Jvil- (Jvil-ua) `gleja~
Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi. am fuZis Semcveli sityvebi gvaqvs
132
tanisamosisa da fessamosis gaxdis aRmniSvnel semantikur jgufSi. ix.
megr. mukoJvilua, moJvilua.
megr. esofua (e-sof-ua) `swrafad moxda, moxsna (zedmiw. mogleja)
Tavsaburavisa~. geisofu qudi `swrafad moixada (zedmiw. `moiglija~)
qudi.
lazuri
laz. mowk(im)u || mowkvinu || owku `moxda~. papaxi muiwku `boxoxi
moixada~ (Cveni masala).
laz. gewkimu `axsna, moxsna~ (Tandilava 2013).
7) Sesakravebis Sekvra
megruli
megr. mortyafa (mo-rty-afa) `mortyma (sartylisa)~. ortyafu
qomurtyafudes `sartyeli SemoertyaT~ (yifSiZe 1994, 150). is nawarmoebia
rty- (rtyafa) `mortyma~ zmnuri Zirisagan.
megr. binua (bin-ua) `Sebneva~. Ziqvas ibinuns `Sarvals ibnevs~ (qajaia I,
2001). fuZe bin- Zirisagan aris nawarmoebi. es fuZe saerToqarvelurad
aris miCneuli. Sdr.: qarT. ben- || bin- || bn- `Sekvra, Sebneva.~ i-bn-ev-s, sa-bn-
ev-i : zan (megr.) o-bin-al-i `Sesabnevi~; megr.-laz. o-bin-u || bin-ua `Sekvra,~
u-bin-un-s `ubnevs.~ go-bin-il-i `Sekruli.~ : svan. li-bn-e `Sekvra, Sebneva;~
le-mn-i `Rili,~ i-bn-e `Seikravs, Seibnevs,~ (fenrixi, sarjvelaZe 2000, 102-
103). aRniSnuli erTeulebis arqetipad m. Cuxua aRadgens s.-qarTv. *ben- ||
*bin- `Sekvra, Sebneva~ fuZes (Cuxua 2009, 227).
megr. go����oTama (go-�oT-ama) `Semortyma sartylisa, zedmiw. welze
mogdeba qamrisa~. is nawarmoebi aris ����oT- (�oT-ama) `gdeba~ Zirisagan.
megr. giTorRvafa (giTo-rRv-afa) | g����TorRvafa (g�To-rRv-afa) ||
kilarRvafa (kila-rRv-afa) || k����larRvafa (k�la-rRv-afa) `zonris gayra~.
zorti quklurRu kabas `kabaSi zonari gauyara~ (Cveni masala).
133
megr. gosquala (go-squ-ala) || goskuala (go-sku-ala) `Sekvra~. Surnoki
akosku `Tasma Sekra~. gosqvil-i `Sekruli~.
megr. wiapua `magrad ganaskva~.
lazuri
laz. gamakiru `gaskvna, gamonaskva~. �orkas ar uji qagamikirÁa `kabis
yuri gaminaskvneo~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. golabRafa || golabRu `gayra~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. gotkafa || gotku || gokoru `Semoxveva, Semokvra~ (lazuris
fondi). gokors `akravs, artyia~.
laz. gotkimu || motkimu `Semortyma, Semocma~ (Cveni masala). otkafe
gotkutes `sartyeli ertyaT~ (asaTiani 1974, 15).
laz. goSadvalu || goSadumafa || goSadumalu || goSadumafu || goSadu
`sartylis gayra~. Salvari Sibi goSadvaleri iyven `Sarvalze Snuri
(naWris) gayrili iqneba~ (Ciqobava 1929, 15).
laz. eladaZu (aTin.) || elambinu (viw.) `mibma (raRacisa samosze)~ (uzun-
hasanoRlu, bujakliSi, aleqsiva 2007).
laz. ewakiru `mikvra, mibma (qvevidan)~. Sdr. laz. ewakirel-i `mikruli,
mibmuli~ (qvevidan) (lazuris fondi).
laz. membinu1 `mikinZva, folaqis Sekvra~. sede�efe doimbini `folaqebi
Sevikari (avikinZe) (Tandilava 2013).
laz. okokiu || okiu `Sekvra~. man qemeri goikiuf `qamars vikrav~ (Cveni
masala).
laz. okon-s `artyia, Semoxveulia (garSemo)~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. okombinu `Sekvra~; `RiliT an sxva SesakraviT Sekvra~..
sede�i/mfulefe okuimbini `Rili Sevikari~. Skas koCefe sede�iTen
ukuinbinuptes `wels kacebi RiliT Seikravdnen~ (Cveni masala). ix. megr.
akobinua.
laz. qonukiru `miaba~. dursuniq TokiSi ar �uji gidelis qonukiru
(lazuris fondi). gekorer-i, gekirel-i `dakruli, gakruli~. metaqsiS
134
doloqunu boxCas gekorer qomunjRonuman `abreSumis Casacmels
qsovilze (boxCaze) mikruls ugzavnian~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. qotu `daaxvia, Seaxvia~ (lazuris fondi).
8) Sesakravebis gaxsna
megruli
megr. gonwyuma (go-nwy-uma) || gonwy����ma (go-nwy�-ma) `gaxsna~, Sexsna~ ginwy����
qica Seixsna Tavsafari. ginwy���� baSlayu `Seixsna yabalaxi~. megr.
gonwyumil-i || gonwy����mil-i. Sdr.. laz. gonwyei `gaxsnili~.
lazuri
laz. gamalu `qamris gamoReba (mklavis gamoRebasac niSnavs)~.
laz. gowkimu || gowku || gowu || okowkimu `gaxsna, gaZroba, moxsna~.
kopWafe okiwkiko `folaqebi rom Segexsna~ (yifSiZe 1994, 69) (Tandilava
2013). oxoiSa mexTu-Si otkafu qaguiwku `Sin rom mivida, sartyeli
moixsna~ (asaTiani 1974, 43).
laz. okonaru `Semoxsna~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. owkimu `gaxsna~. Sdr. gowkei `gaxsnili~ (Tandilava 2013).
9) morTva
megruli
megr. monwyuala (mo-nwy-uala) `gamowyoba~. gagminwyu do midarT�
`gamoewyo da wavida~. Sdr. monwyil-i `gamowyobili~.
megr. mofirfiCua `morTva, gamowyoba~. Sdr. mofirfiCel-i morTul-
mokazmuli, gamopranWuli~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. eSanwyuala `gulis amorTva~ (Cveni masala).
megr. gebunafa `dakideba (samkaulisa)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. geroxua `bevri, msxvili samkaulis dakideba yelze~. Zireuli
mniSvneloba am sityvisa aris `daxergva~ (qajaia I, 2001).
135
megr. gexarxua `bevri ramis (samkaulis) erTad gakeTeba~. gioxarx����
`bevri ram ukeTia~ (Cveni masala).
megr. geCxorCxua `bevri samkaulis dakideba~ (Cveni masala).
megr. geWonWua `bevri samkaulis, kerZod, mZivebis uSnod dakideba
yelze~ (Cveni masala).
megr. oqroT mo����inua oqroS e�inil-i `mooqrovili, oqroSi Cabmuli,
oqroTi Semoyinuli~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. movarayel-i `Zvirfasi samkauli Semkuli~ (Cveni masala).
lazuri
laz. gebumu `dakideba, mibma~. ჲazmas fuli alTuniSi gebutu
`Tavsafars oqros moneta hqonda mibmuli~ (lazuris fondi). ჲazmas fuli
gubutu `Tavsafars moneta eba~ (kartozia 1972, 39).
laz. godvalu `modeba~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. gokidu || gokidafa `Semokideba irgvliv, mobma irgvliv~. man
nusqafe gomobun `me avgarozebi mkidia~ (Tandilava 2013).
laz. dolobunu `dakideba~. [delikanlis] gÁumiSiS qჲosteRi yalis
qodolobun `axalgazrdas vercxlis yelsabami yelze hkidia~ (lazuris
fondi).
laz. mecigu `CarWoba~. Sdr. laz. cigeჲჲჲჲ `acmuli~ (lazuris fondi).
laz. modadaluf-s `morTavs, mokazmavs, `moayvavilebs~. sija-Ti
qamodadalu `siZec gamoawyo~. Sdr. laz. dadal-i `yvavili~.
laz. modumu2 `wamocmeva~ (Tandilava 2013). aCqva mawkindi moiwku xes do
qomodu `erTi kidev beWedi moiZro xelze da wamoacva~ (kartozia 1972,
79).
laz. moJobun (< mo-Ja-o) `mokidebulia, mobmulia (rasme zevidan)~
(lazuris fondi).
laz. moZin `ukeTia~. delikanlis sali xeSi Wuta kiTis alTuniSi
mawkindi moZin `axalgazrdas marcxena xelis nekze oqros beWedi aqvs
wamocmuli~ (Ciqobava 1929, 16).
136
laz. mowifxu || mowofxafa || mowifxafa || mowofxu `morTva~, `gamowyoba~
(Tandilava 2013). ix. CacmasTanac. laz. mowifxe-Á `mowyobili~. mufeÁ
mowifxeÁ doloquns `rogor kargad acvia (gamowyobilia)~ (Cveni masala) ||
laz. wifxer-i `moqarguli, morTuli, gamowyobili~. si eko moT
megomsqun, e baSluRi wifxeri `Sen Zalian rad gixdeba (naqargiviT) Tavze
Semoxveuli yabalaxi~. Sdr. gur. wifxa `xis qerqisagan gakeTebuli
sasmisi, WurWeli~ (SaraSiZe 1938). SesaZloa am or fuZes Soris raime
kavSiri iyos.
laz. mowyvinu `morTva, gamowyoba~ (Cveni masala).
laz. nobun `hkidia, mokidebuli aris; ubia, mibmuli aqvs (samkauli)~.
laz. okidu `morTva~, `gawyoba~. qomeukidi || qogeokidi `movrTe,
gavawyve~ (Cveni masala).
laz. oconu `acma (ramisa)~. Sdr. laz. coner-i `acmuli~ (lazuris
fondi).
laz. oxu `gawyoba~. forCa tismaTen domixven `kaba maqmaniT gamiwyve~
(Cveni masala)
laz. elobun `gverdze hkidia~ (lazuris fondi).
mocemul TavSi gaerTianda CacmasTan da gaxdasTan dakavSirebuli
sityvebi.
samoslis Cacmisa da gaxdis semantikur jgufSi aRvwereT da
gavaanalizeT tanisamosis da fexsamosis Cacma-gaxdis, Tavsaburavis, –
qudis, Tavsafris daxurvisa da moxdis, Sesakravebis Sekvra-Sexsnisa da
samkaulebiT Semkobis aRniSvneli sityvebi. gamoikveTa tanisamosis
Cacmis niuansebi – zogadad, Cacma, morgeba, Cazomeba, moxdeniloba. Cacmis
manera damokidebuli aris samoslis formaze, xarisxze. amdenad, am
TvalsazrisiT, am jgufSi Semavali saxelebi metad sainteresoa. xSirad
gamoiyeneba erTi da igive Ziri sxvadasxva Tematur jgufSi, rac,
ZiriTadad, megrul-lazuris zmniswinTa simravliT aris ganpirobebuli.
statistikurad am semantikur jgufSi Semavali leqsikuri erTeulebi
lazurSi, Cveni masalis mixedviT, mwiria.
Cacmis maneris safuZvelze SeiZleba samoslis saxeoba Camoyalibdes.
mag. megr. mikirsxipan-s (miki-rsxip-ans) `viwro tanisamoss icvams~.
mukarsxip-u `Semosxepili aqvs~. rsxip- (rsxip-ua) `Semosxepa, Semotkeca,
137
gansxirpva, gaWimva~ Ziri aris amosavali. maSasadame, Sesabamisad,
morsxipil-i kaba `Semosxepili, Semotkecili kaba~.
�
Tavi III. samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrul-lazur
frazeologizmebSi
samosels adamianis cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeboda
odiTganve. is adamianis Sinagani mdgomareobis, eris sulieri da
materialuri kulturuli yofis, Semecnebisa da azrovnebis
gamoxatulebaa. amitom, bunebrivia, samoselTan dakavSirebuli
idiomaturi gamoTqmebi megrul-lazurSi mravalferovania, vinaidan
idiomSi asaxvas povebs ama Tu im xalxis yofa, istoria, misi miswrafeba.
megrul-lazuri samoslis aRmniSvneli leqsikis Semcveli idiomaturi
gamoTqmebi mniSvnelovania leqsikuri, istoriuli-eTnografiuli,
lingvokulturologiuri TvalsazrisiT. maTSi naTlad aris
warmodgenili saerToqarTuli enobrivi da materialuri kulturuli
yofisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebani.
sanaalizo masalis mixedviT gamoiyo samoslis aRmniSvneli Semdegi
sayrdeni sityvebi, romlebic monawileoben idiomebSi:
megr. kaba, laz. forka `kaba~:
megr. osuriSi kaba mˆ̂̂̂kaqunsu || laz. oxorjaSi forka doloquns
`mxdalia~ (ityvian mamakacze, romelsac vaJkacuri Tvisebebi ar gaaCnia)
(zedmiw. `qalis kaba acvia~. megr. si osuriSi kaba m����k����norque, koCiS
Sarvali vam�norZe `Sen qalis kaba gcmia, kacis Sarvali ar gcmia~. laz.
si mexTi do oxorjas forCa qodiliquni `wadi da qalis kaba Caicvi~
(Cveni masala).
sainteresoa kabis monawileobiT Seqmnili frazeologiuri Sesityveba,
romelic lazur rwmena-warmodgenebs asaxavs: forka gamakÁu zedmiw.
138
`kabis gamokoWva~. qari rom amovardeboda, ojaxis ufros qaliSvils kabis
bolos gamoukoWavdnen, ganaskvavdnen, ityodnen locvas, evedrebodnen
RmerTs, exsna isini stiqiuri ubedurebebisagan ― xanZari Caeqro, qari
Caeyenebina, rom daecva tye, sofeli, uvneblad daebrunebina meTevzeebi,
mezRvaurebi. qarsac mimarTavdnen, rom Camdgariyo. sanam qari ar
Cadgeboda, kaba gamokoWili iyo. locva ase JRerda: RormoTi, Cqimi
daRefe domiCviT, daCxii va iyvas, mzoRa va irdas, meCxomefe saRlami
qagixTan, kalaSi barva qododgiTas kalaSi, barva dokii, ordo
qododgiTi `RmerTo, Cemi tyeebi damifare, cecxli ar iyos, zRva ar
aReldes, meTevzeebi janmrTeli dabrundnen, qaris qrolva dadges. qaro,
qrola Sekari, adre dadeq~. lazebis rwmeniT, maT mier Sesrulebuli
rituali bunebis movlenebze zegavlenas moaxdenda da daicavda maT
stiqiuri ubedurebisagan (Cveni masala).
am rituals m. vaniliSi da a. Tandilava ase aRweren: gazafxulze,
martsa da aprilSi moulodnelad amovardeba xolme samxreT-dasavleTis
qari, romelsac lazebi `dolozs~ eZaxian (`doloziS obaru~).
meTevzeebisaTvis yvelaze saSiSia es qari, romelic maT did zians
ayenebs. amitom rodesac es qari amovardeboda, meTevzeebis colebi an
naTesavebi ase iqceodnen: ded-mamis pirvel qaliSvils, miuxedavad
asakisa, avaleben, Tavisi kabis erTi bolo `gamokoWos~, e. i. gamokvanZos
da Tan samjer Tqvas: `RormoTi, barva qamakvaTi~ (RmerTo qari Sewyvite)
(vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 141).
Savi samoseli mgloviarobis, gaWirvebis erT-erTi gamoxatuleba iyo
qristianisaTvis. es damokidebuleba Taviseburebad aisaxeba idiomebSi:
megr. uCa kabaT g����T����nardi `qvrivobiT, gaWirvebiT gamozrda~. zedmiw.
`Savi kabiT gamozrdili~. Sdr. qarT. Savis kabiT gamozrda (Svilisa).
megr. uCaSi m����koquna || Wkirili uCaSi m����koquna `gamwareba, gaubedureba~.
zedmiw. `(daWrili) Savis Cacma~. Cqimicali Wkirili uCa m����koiqunudas!
zedmiw. `Cemnairi daWrili (`Semoutexavi~) Savebi (`ZaZebi~) Cagecvas!~
(aseTi Cacma gansakuTrebuli mwuxarebis dros ician), gadat. `Cemi dRe
dagdgomodes, iseTive samgloviaro da sadardebeli gagCenodes, rogoric
me maqvso~. Sdr. laz. uCa forkaS diloqunu `gamwareba, gaubedureba~.
139
CqimisTeჲ ჲ ჲ ჲ uCa forka diliquneeta zedmiw. `CemsaviT Savi kaba Cagecvas!~
wyevlaa erTgvari (SeniSvna: lazeTSi Savi feris aRniSnuli mniSvnelobiT
gamoyenebaze miuTiTeben mxolod qristiani lazebi) (Cveni masala).
megr. Cqimi kaba m����koiqunudas `me ra mdgomareobaSic var, ise iyavi
Senc~. zedmiw. `Cemi kaba Cagecvas~. Sdr. qarT. Cemi kabiTac damjdarxar!
`qmari mogkvdomodes, samgloviaro saqme dagmarTodes!~ (saxokia 1979, 776).
megr. uCa kabaT xe || uCaT doqunili xe `damwuxrebulia, mgloviarea~.
zedmiw. `Savi kabiT || SaviT Semosili zis~. Sdr. qarT. Savi kabiT dajdoma
`glova, mwuxareba micvalebulze~ (saxokia 1979, 736).
zog SemTxvevaSi ar aris dakonkretebuli samgloviaro samosis
saxeoba, uCa `Savi~ ixmareba ganzogadebulad.
megr. uCaT doforil-i || uCaS-i miToforil-i `mgloviare~. zedmiw.
`SaviT dafaruli || SavSi (Sav samosSi) Cafluli~ (Cveni masala).
megr. uCaS mukoquna `glova~. zedmiw. `Savis Cacma~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr. uCas vamkoiqunanq `Tavs ar Seviwuxeb~. Sdr. qarT.˜Savebs ar Cavicvam
(saxokia 1979, 734).
megr. uCaT nwerili `Savad Sesudruli~. kvaria meurs uCaT nwerili
`yvavi midis Savad Sesudruli~ (kilanava 1998).
megr. (Cqimi) uCa kˆ̂̂̂noikirafudas! `gamwarebuliyavi, gaubedurebuliyavi~.
zedmiw. `Savi (mandili) wagekras~. Sdr. qarT. Cemi leCaqiTac damjdara
`Cemi dRe dasdgomodes, iseTive samgloviaro da sadardebeli gasCenodes,
rogoric me maqvso., gasWirvebodes, damwuxrebuliyos~ (saxokia 1979, 734).
megr. uCaS miToxuna `glova~. zedmiw. `SavSi jdoma~. am idiomis
gasaazreblad sainteresoa samegreloSi gavrcelebuli glovis tradicia:
`bnelSi jdoma mgloviarisa. Wirisufali iketeboda bnel sadgomSi da
erTi weli aravis enaxveboda. saWmel-sasmels, usaTuod samarxvos,
garedan awvdidnen da fexis alagsac axlos uwyobdnen mofarebulSi.
mgloviaris gamoyvana bnelidan wlisTavis aRsaniSnavi ritualis nawili
iyo. ceremonialze xvewna-vedrebiT gamoyvanil Wirisufals am erTi wlis
manZilze Camozrdili Tma-wveric unda gaekriWa. pirvelad Tma misTvis
140
gardacvlilis magiers unda moekveca; ase eZaxdnen daqvrivebuli kacis
jdomasac sagangebod mowyobil karavSi, sadac igi micvalebulis
dakrZalvamde rCeboda da iqve Rebulobda samZimars~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr.
megr. CxviCxveli uCaSa miToixunudas! `gamwarebuliyavi!~ zedmiw.
`Semouqobav SavebSi Camjdariyavi (Cagecvas)!~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. uCaS-i mikoWala `mwuxarebaSi Cavardna~. zedmiw. Savis mikereba~.
megr. RarTi `Coxa~:
megr. RarTamo dinafa `daRupva mTlianad~. zedmiw. `Coxianad dakargva~
(qajaia III, 2002); `samudamod gadakargva, dedabudianad gadaxvewa, daRupva~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. RarTamo Wyvadua `arafris SerCena, gaRatakeba~. zedmiw. Coxianad
amowyveta~. T. saxokia amis Sesaxeb wers: RarTianad daviRupe `sul mTlad
daviRupe, suls aqeT araferi SemrCa (saxokia 1979, 697). rogorc T.
saxokia aRniSnavs, `RarTi megrulad igivea, rac qarTulSi Turqulidan
Semosuli sityva Coxaa, e. i. axaluxs zemodan Casacmeli samamakaco
samosi Salisa. Zvelad, unda vifiqroT, yvelasaTvis xelmisawvdomi ar
iyo RarTi da, maSasadame, Zvirfasad da natvris sagnad iTvleboda. misi
dakargva megrelisaTvis udrida uRarTod darCenas anu samamaco
samosels moklebas da tolTa Soris Sercxvenas da es Tqmac swored
amitom gamoxatavda materialurad dazaralebuli megrelis ganuzomel,
aunazRaurebel bedZnelobas~ (saxokia 1979, 698).
megr. RarTiS gosofua `Tavis gamodeba, TavpatiJi~. zedmiw. `Coxis
Semogleja, kalTebis dagleja~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. karTe, laz. podia `kalTa~:
kalTa zogadad cva-mfarvelobis, mowyalebis, mzrunvelobis, sasoebis,
sulgrZelebis, siwmindis simbolod moiazreba qarTul cnobierebaSi da
asec aris asaxuli idiomebSi:
megr. karTeSi gino/inoforafa || laz. podia moTvalu `dacva,
daxmareba~. megr. WyolofuaSi karTe qignaforuu `daifara, daicva~.
zedmiw. `wyalobis kalTa gadaafara~ (qajaia III, 2002). laz. o, bee ka&
vauyonu, mara nana muSiq podia moTumes || xe moTumes `o, biWi kargi ar
hyavs, magram dedamisi kalTas afarebs || xels afarebs~ (Cveni masala).
141
Sdr. qarT. kalTis gadafareba `dacva, dafarva, Svela, daxmareba, xsna
gaWirvebisagan, Tavis Sefareba~ (saxokia 1979, 308).
megr. karTeSi farTxua || laz. podiaSi ofaTxu `pasuxismgeblobis
moxsna, adamianTan yovelgvari kavSiris gawyveta garkveuli mizezis gamo~
zedmiw. `kalTis mibertyva~. laz. ma dido kaoba voRodi, mara muq podia
difaTxu `me bevri sikeTe gavukeTe, magram man kalTa daiferTxa, zrunva-
patronobaze xeli aiRo~. si eSo pati koCi eq, man sqaniSen podia
do&&&&faTxi `Sen iseTi cudi kaci xar, me Senze kalTa davibertye (xeli
aviRe)~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kalTis mibertyva `kavSiris gawyveta,
Tavidan moSoreba, zrunva-patronobaze xelis aReba~ (saxokia 1979, 309).
megr. karTeT gila‡‡‡‡onafa || laz. podiaTen oyonafu `mzrunveloba~.
zedmiw. `kalTiT tareba~. laz. podiaTen goჲჲჲჲyonupti `kalTiT
davatarebdi~. nanamuSiq podiaTen guiyonu, awi muTu vaaxvenen `dedamisma
kalTiT atara, axla verafers ver akeTebs~. Sdr. qarT. kalTiT tareba;
kalTaSi gamozrda (saxokia 1979, 308).
megr. karTeSi elabuna || laz. podias gelakidu `vinmeze
damokidebuleba~. zedmiw. `kalTaze dakideba~. laz. soTi vaoCqu, kulani
podias qogilikidu `arsad ar uSvebs, gogo kalTaze hyavs gamokidebuli~
(Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kalTaze gamobma || kalTis daWera, kalTaze
dabRauWeba || dakideba || daWideba || mokideba `visTvisme Svelis Txovna,
visime cva-farvis Zebna, vinmeze damokidebuleba~ (saxokia 1979, 306-308).
amave idiomis sinonimia megr. karTes elasxupini `sxvaze damokidebuleba~.
zedmiw. `kalTaze Camokideba; kalTaze xelCakidebiT siaruli~ (qobalia
2010).
megr. karTeSa dudiSi awodvala || laz. podias Ti geladvalu `visime
mfarvelobis qveS yofna, visime imediT darCena.~ zedmiw. `(visime) kalTaSi
Tavis dadeba~. megr. Cqimi karTeSa awuZ����nia dudi _ `Cems kalTaSi udevso
Tavi. laz. emus Cqimi podias giluZin Ti do moT aSqurinasinon `imas Cems
kalTaSi udevs Tavi da rad SeeSiSindeba?!~ (Cveni masala).
megr. karTes muTun vawucenc `uqmad araferi mova, verafers iSovis~.
zedmiw. `kalTaze araferi daucvivdeba~. arT dixas dimaxvenc karTes
142
muTun vawucenc `erT adgilas damjdoms, kalTaze araferi daucvivdeba~
(qajaia II, 2002; samuSia 1971, 17).
megr. karTeekineli gilurcu `maTxovrobs~. zedmiw. `kalTaaweuli
dadis~. Sdr. qarT. kalTaaweuli `maTxovari, glaxa, Raribi, mowyalebis
mTxovneli~. zedmiw. `kalTaaweuli~ (saxokia 1979, 306).
megr. karTes miToforini || laz. podiaSa qomuixizu `(vinmes) imedad
yofna~. zedmiw. (vinmes) kalTas Sefareba, Semoxizneba~. megr. Cqimi karTes
miTofor���� `Cems kma-yofazea~. laz. emuSi podiaSa qomuixizu `imis kalTas
Semoafara Tavi~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kalTas Semoxizneba `vinmes
imediT yofna, gaWirvebis dros visime cva-farvis molodini~ (saxokia 1979,
307).
megr. karTeSi ekorof/bua || laz. podias monZiqu `gaqceva~. zedmiw.
kalTis akrefa~. laz. muinZiqu podia muSi do mikilu `kalTa aikrifa da
gaiara). Sdr. qarT. kalTis || kalTebis akrefa `gasaqcevad kargad
momzadeba~ (saxokia 1979, 308).
megr. karTeSa aSarduala || karTeSi gˆ̂̂̂Torduala || karTeSi g����Tnardi ||
karTeSi nardie || g����Tnardie || laz. podias rdeჲჲჲჲ `kalTaSi gazrdili~.
Sdr. qarT. kalTaSi gamozrda `vinmes xeliT gazrda, movla-patronoba~
(saxokia 1979, 308). msgavsi mniSvnelobisaa megr. karTeSi miTorduala
`kalTisqveS gazrda~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. karTeSi mosofua `bevri xvewna, Txovna~. zedmiw. `kalTis
Camogleja~ (qobalia 2010). Sdr. qarT. kalTis Camogleja. kalTas aravin
ar Camoglejs, aravin ar Segexveweba. || kalTis dagleja `xvewna, mudara,
CacivebiT Txovna~ (oniani 1966, 99).
megr. karTeSi aSarulafa || laz. podias gelanjiu `udardeloba,
uzrunveloba. zedmiw. kalTaSi CaZineba~. laz. podias gelanjiu Te&s kai
awonen `kalTaSi CaZineba yvelas uyvars, moswons~. Sdr. qarT. kalTaSi
CaZineba `udardeloba, uzrunveloba, saqmeze Tavis arideba, sxvisi imediT
darCena~ (saxokia 1979, 307).
megr. karTeSi aSaxuna || laz. podias gelaxunu `gafufuneba~. zedmiw.
`kalTaSi Cajdoma~. laz. podias gelaxune& irdu `fufunebiT gaizarda
143
(kalTaze iyo dabRauWebuli)~. Sdr. qarT. kalTaSi Cajdoma gadat.
`daSinaureba, Tavisianad miCneva~ (saxokia 1979, 308).
megr. karTeSa awosorgafa `sikeTe, mowyaleba~. zedmiw. `kalTaze dayra~.
megr. jgiri koc qobali do jimu karTeSa ewusorgunia `karg kacs puri
da marili kalTaze uyriao (keTilia, mowyalea)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. bargiSi akokirua `sadme wasvla~. zedmiw. `tansacmlis Sekvra~.
megr. bargi dikiri `saxlidan wadi, aikrife guda-nabadi~. Sdr. qarT.
bargis akvra `wasvla, ayra, samyofi adgilis datoveba (oniani 1966, 27).
bargi aikra `wavida, iqaurobas gaecala, mogvSorda~ (saxokia 1979, 46).
megr. qica || laz. iazma || mendili || laCeqi `Tavsafari.~
Tavsaburavi, kerZod, qalisaTvis mandili, xolo mamakacisaTvis qudi,
maTi zneobriobis – morCilebis, kdemamosilebis, vaJkacobis gamovlineba
iyo. misdami udieri damokidebulebiTa da misi Seusabamod gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi adamianis Rirseba ilaxeboda. es naTlad Cans myar
gamonaTqvamebSi:
megr. osuriSi qicaS gerTumala || laz. Áazma moTvalu `Sercxvena~.
zedmiw. `qalis Tavsafris dafareba~. osuriSi qica giorTunia `qalis
Tavsafari axuravs~. laz. koCoba vadosqideen do Tis Áazma qomoiTveen
`kacoba ar darCenia da Tavze mandili dauxuravs~; oxorja muSiq Tis
iazma qomoTu `colma mas Tavze leCaqi daaxura (vaJkacoba waarTva)~
(Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. leCaqis || mandilis daxurva (mamakacis mier)
`kacisaTvis mamakacur TvisebaTa warTmeva da am TvisebaTa wil saqalo
TvisebaTa mikuTvneba, sasircxvilo saqmis Cadena, augianoba, saZraxisoba~
(saxokia 1979, 357, 371). qarT. Tavze leCaqis daxurva `Sercxvena, Tavis
moWra (ityvian mxdalobis Camden mamakacze)~ (oniani 1966, 73). mandili
xuravs `mxdalia, laCaria (mamakaci); patiosania, namusiania, yoCaRia
(qali)~ (oniani 1966, 109).
laz. Áazma || laCaqi mowkimu `Seuracxyofa, Sercxvena~. zedmiw. `leCaqis
moxda~. Sdr. qarT. mandilis || leCaqis moxda `Seuracxyofa, pativis ayra,
usircxviloba, namusze xelis aReba, qalis mier saaugo saqmis Cadena~
(saxokia 1979, 358, 371); namusis leCaqis axda `qalis mier namusze xelis
aReba~ (oniani 1966, 73; saxokia 1979, 451). aqedan nawarmoebi mimReoburi
formebi: laz. Áazma || laCaqi mowkimeÁ `Sercxvenili~. Sdr. qarT.
144
mandilmoxdili `Seuracxyofili~ (saxokia 1979, 371). mTqmelebis
gadmocemiT, uTavsafro unamusos niSnavda. axla mgloviare Tavze rom ar
ifarebs, sircxvilad miiCneva. am idiomTan dakavSirebulia erTi
eTnografiuli wesi lazeTSi: Áazma || laCaqi mowkimu ― Tu vaJs qali
uyvarda da misi colad SerTva surda, gogos ki ar uyvarda da mSoblebi
ar atandnen, biWi malulad leCaqs moxdida. gogo biWisgan namusaxdili
da Seuracxyofili iyo, amitom biWs gogo colad unda waeyvana (Cveni
masala). samegreloSi ki quds xmarobda mamakaci Tavisi sacolis
dasaniSnavad. Tu esa Tu is qali kacs TvalSi mouvidoda, sakmarisi iyo,
rom SeTvalierebuli qalisaTvis visime TandaswrebiT qudi esrola da
moexvedrebina, rom im wuTidan qali qudis msrolelis daniSnulad
gamocxadebuliyo da saqmrosac sxva aravin Sescileboda mis Tavs. ix.
megr. qudiS faCua (saxokia 1979, 691). qarT. namusis leCaqis axda
(qalisaTvis) `qalis mier namusze xelis aReba~. zedmiw. `qalis Tavidan
leCaqis moSoreba~. Sdr. namusis leCaqi agvexada. ojaxis siwmindeze
nacar-tuta dagveyara (ek. gabaSvili). rogorc qarTveli mamakacisaTvis
qudi (ix. namusis qudis axda), ise dedakacisaTvis leCaqi iTvleboda
simbolod namusianobisa, patiosnebisa, zneobrivi siwmindisa, kaiqalobisa,
yovelgvari RirsebiT Semkulobisa. qarTvel qals saficrad hqonda
Tavisi leCaqi, roca undoda qals eTqva ― zneobrivad faqizi var,
uyvedrelio, ityoda: Tu namusis qudi mxuravs, rasac mogaxseneb,
sisworea, erTi bewo siyalbe ar ureviao (saxokia 1954, 61). qarT. Tavze
leCaqis axda || leCaqis moxda `Sercxvena, saxelis gatexa, Tavis moWra;
namusis axda (ityvian qalze)~ (oniani 1966, 73).
megr. qudiS faCua `qalis daniSvna qudis tyorcniT~ (qalis daniSvnis
mizniT vaJis mama an biZa jarobaze cekvisas quds esroda qals. Tu qalis
mSoblebi uars etyodnen, daajarimebdnen, qudi moxvda, ar gvataneno da
motacebas ecdebodnen. aqedanaa gamoTqma: qals qudi esrole da Tu ar
waiqca, gasaTxovrad momwifebulao)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. qudiS ganSe gilarTumala || laz. papaxi &&&&anda || elaqTe&&&& moTumu
`Tavmomwoneoba~. zedmiw. `qudis gverdulad daxurva~. laz. qibii koCi
giTumes papaxi &&&&anda || elaqTe&&&&. `Tavmomwone kaci ixuravs quds
145
gverdulad~. Sdr. qarT. qudis daxurva gverdzeda `Tavmomwoneoba,
mxiarulad yofna, udardeloba (saxokia 1979, 694).
megr. qudi, laz. qudi || papaxi `qudi~:
megr. qudiSi gerTumala || papaxi geTumu `Rirsebis qona~. zedmiw. `qudis
daxurva~. megr. koCi Tina ‡ofe do qudi Tis genorTuenia `kaci is yofila
da qudi mas hxurebia~. laz. koCiTi en do papaxiTi gჲჲჲჲoTun `kacia da
qudic axuravs~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. kaci is aris da qudic imas
xuravs `iseTi adamiania, rom Rirsia qudis tarebisa, namdvili vaJkacia,
Rirseulia yvelafriT~ (saxokia 1979, 219). sainteresoa am idiomebis
Semcveli andazebi: megr. sodgia meuluni || meurquni, Teqiani qudi oko
girTveni || laz. so-na ida ჲჲჲჲeiSa, ekoni papaxi giTvaginon || qarT. sadac
waxval, iqauri qudi unda daixuro `ise unda moiqce, rogorc garemoebas
Seefereba.~ Sdr. megr. koCiSi qudi veg����gorTunia `ar iqcevi vaJkacurad~.
qarT. uqudod siaruli `sasircxvilo, saZrax, saaugo saqmis Cadena~
(saxokia 1979, 636).
megr. qudicalo ekoWyvadua `bolos moReba~. zedmiw. `qudiviT
gadayola, damxoba, Sewirva~. qudicalo ekobWyvadudas! `qudiviT
davmxobiliyavi!~. am idiomis gasaanalizeblad mniSvnelovania erTi wes-
Cveuleba, romelic gavrcelebuli iyo saqarTveloSi: rameze ficis
micemis, an simarTlis danaxvebisaTvis icodnen qudis moxda da Zirs
damxoba da dataneba: ase damamxos RmerTma, Tu vtyuodeo. maSasadame,
igulisxmeboda, qudis Zirs dadebiT simarTles yvelasaTvis aSkarad
vxdio (saxokia 1979, 698). megr. qudi qudodvi (qˆ̂̂̂daxve) do samarTali
qoTqvia `sityvis kaci iyavi, aRiare, gamotydi, simarTle Tqvi~. Sdr. qarT.
qudi dasde da samarTali ise hqenio.
laz. papaxi Weჲჲჲჲs gemiZin `am ojaxSi fesvebi maqvs gamdgari, es Weri
Cemia~. zedmiw. `qudi Werze midevs~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. qudis kvra
WerSi `uzomo mxiaruleba; ojaxSi fesvebis gadgma.~ qudi caSi (WerSi) da
tanisamosi cecxlSi gadadioda `didi, uzomo, TavdaviwyebiTi
mxiaruleba~ (saxokia 1979, 695).
megr. caSa qudiS ‡‡‡‡oTama caSa Q|| laz. qudiSi caSa osTomilu || otkoCu
`usazRvro sixaruli~. megr. caSa qu(‡)‡)‡)‡)oTi Cqimi qudi || laz. papaxi || qudi
146
caSa visToli `Zalian gavixare, vimxiarule~ (Cveni masala). || qudi caSa
&&&&ebtkoCi (vaniliSi, Tandilava 1984, 158). Sdr. qarT. qudi caSi visrole
`Zalian gavixare.~
megr. qomons qudi qigiorTua (|| Sdr. qomons oWiSi gaCanua) `qmars
uerTgula, karg gzaze daayena~. Sdr. qarT. qmars qudi daxurao ― ityvian
qmris erTgul qalze (saxokia 1979, 698).
megr. qomons qudi Seurcxvinua `qmari Searcxvina~. zedmiw. `qmars
saxeli Seurcxvina~. Sdr. qarT. qmars qudi mohxadao `Searcxvina, saxeli
gautexa, Tavi arsad gamoeyofa~. sainteresoa, rom Zvelad qarTvelebi
qudebs eklesiaSic ar moixdidnen. eklesiaSi uqudod dgoma qarTvelebma
daiwyes, albaT, XIX s.-is damdegidan (saxokia 1979, 698).
laz. qudiSi || qudi mowkimu || motkomilu `sircxvili, mwuxareba~.
zedmiw. `qudis moxsna~. oxorjaq koCis qudi qamowku `qalma kacs qudi
moxada (Searcxvina)~ (Cveni masala). oxorjaq eSi muTxani yu-qi, koCi muSis
qudi qamowku || qamotkoCu `qalma iseTi saqme Caidina, rom kacs qudi
moxada (Searcxvina)~ (Cveni masala).
megr. ca qudo mioCqˆ̂̂̂nia do dixa Cafˆ̂̂̂laTia || dixa kuCxis gilabunia
(`miwa fexze hkidiao~) _ qarT. ca qudad miaCnia da dedamiwa qalamnadao,
gadat. `aravisi da arafris ar eSinia., ase hgonia, imaze Zlieri aravin
iyos qveyanazed~ (T. saxokia, qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tqmani, 1979, gv. 799).
e ciras���� xioliT���� ca qudi afun do dixa Cafula `am ciras sixaruliT ca
qudad aqvs da miwa qalamnad (fexsacmlad)~ (i. yifS., gv. 78) (qajaia III:
557).
megr. qudami do uqude || laz. qudoloni do Áazmaloni `kaci da qali~.
zemiw. `qudiani da uqudo~. laz. Áazmalonefe dido tes qudolonefeSen
`qalebi kacebze meti iyvnen~ (Cveni masala). Sdr. qarT. qudiani (|| qudosani
― winaT udrida mamakacs. dRes qudosani gviqvia imisaTvis, visac qudi
hxuravs. qudi gxuravs? e. i arc ki getyoba vaJkacoba, Sens qcevas
vaJkacobis garda yvelaferi daerqmiso (saxokia 1979, 692)) da uqudo
`yvela, qali da kaci~ (saxokia 1979, 690).
megr. lamusiSi || namusiSi qudi giorTu || qarT. namusis qudi hxuravso
`kargi, zneobrivi adamiania.~ amis antonimia Semdegi idiomi: megr. dus
147
lafiSi qudi giorTunia || qarT. Tavs lafis qudi xuravs `Sercxvenilia~ .
Sdr. qarT. Tavs lafis qudi hxuravso, Tavlafis dasxma (saxokia 1979,
698). am frazeologizmis warmoSoba unda veZeboT im ritualSi, romelic
sruldeboda adamianis dasjisas. mas erqva `lafis dasxma Tavze~. Tavze
sqlad darCenili lafi warmoadgenda erTgvar sarqvels Tavisas anu
lafis quds. Sdr. qarT. Tavze lafis dasxma `galanZRva, gawbilva,
sajarod Sercxvena, saqveynod Seuracxyofa; saaSkaraoze gamotana visime
saaugo saqcielisa da uxamsobisa. es Tqma Cveni drois iuridiuli
terminic gaxlavT: Zvelad adamians adaT-CveulebaTa kanonebis, zneobis
principebis dauvcelobisaTvis mTeli sofeli asamarTlebda. soflis
mier misja ama Tu im sasjelisa da am ganaCenis uapelaciod asruleba
xdeboda soflis mierve. sasjelis erTi saxe iyo damnaSavisaTvis Tavze
lafis anu talaxis dasxma. damnaSave qals Tu kacs gamoiyvandnen soflis
Sesakrebel adgilze. aq isxdnen soflis moxucebuli da Tavi kacebi,
romelTac samarTliani adamianebis saxeli hqondaT. mowme an mowmeni
sayovelTaod daadasturebdnen dasasjelis danaSauls. soflis
mosamarTleni rom moismendnen naTqvams, Seafasebdnen TavianTi
Tanasoflelis mier Cadenil saZrax saqciels, dagmobdnen, cnobdnen
sasjelis Rirsad da ityodnen: Tavs lafi davasxaTo~! xalxi guguniT da
erTxmad bans miscemda: davasxaT, davasxaTo! daiwyeboda sasjelis
asrulebis procesi. damnaSave kacs quds moxdidnen, xolo Tu damnaSave
qali iyo ― mandils. qudisa da mandilis moxda rogorc erTisa, ise
meorisaTvis ukve Seadgenda did sasjels, romelic udrida TviT lafis
dasxmas. amis Semdeg yvela valdebuli iyo, mis Tavze lafi daesxa. Tu
wvimiani amindi ar iyo da lafi ar iSoveboda, xmeli miwa wyliT unda
aezilaT da talaxi ise daesxaT Tavze. Tu saxedari hyavdaT, damnaSaves
zed Sesvamdnen ukuRma, xelSiac kuds daaWerinebdnen da sofelSi
kardakar aatar-Caatarebdnen, iqac yvela mourideblad asxamda Tavze
lafs. aqedan warmoiSva sityva Tavlafdasxmuli anu lafdasxmuli,
romelic niSnavs sajarod Sercxvenils, augians, zneobrivad binZurs.
lafis dasxma qarTl-kaxeTSi am saukunis dasawyisSi gadavarda. imereTSi
gacilebiT adre unda iyos gadavardnili. samegreloSi sityva aris
darCenili, magram TviT sasjeli am 80 wlis winaT aravis agondeboda
148
(saxokia 1979, 220). am TvalsazrisiT sayuradReboa lazurSic
dadasturebuli gamoTqma: Tis talaxi || tolofi vagemofa `ar
Semarcxvino~, zedmiw. `Tavze talaxi ar damasxa~.
laz. qudiSi okodvalu `SeTanxmeba~. zedmiw. `qudebis erTad dadeba
(erTmaneTze mideba)~. qudi okobdvaT do a&a dulia dopaT `saqme
saidumlod gavakeToT~ (Cveni masala).
megr. qudiSi kˆ̂̂̂no‡‡‡‡oTama `ramesTan, an vinmesTan kavSiris gawyveta~.
zedmiw. `qudis ukan mogdeba~.
megr. qudi `qudi~ || noCafulia `Zveli fexsacmeli~, laz. modvalu
`fexsacmeli~:
megr. ca qudo mioCqˆ̂̂̂nia do dixa noCafuliaT `aravisi da arafris ar
eSinia.~ zedmiw. qarT. ca qudad miaCnia da dedamiwa qalamnadao. megrulSi
gvxvdeba seTi gamoTqmac: sqani noCafulia va voreq `Seni abuCad asagdebi,
gamosayenebeli, abuCad asagdebi ar var.~ zedmiw. `Seni fexsacmeli ar
var~. am mxriv sainteresoa lazurSi dadasturebuli modvalusTeÁ
qomogidume ` gaganadgureb, gagTelav~. zedmiw. `fexsacmeliviT Cagicvam~.
megr. baSlayi `yabalaxi~:
megr. baSlayiS gumaSqumala `glova~. zedmiw. `yabalaxis wveris
CamoSveba~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. nabadi `nabadi~:
saerTod, saqarTveloSi nabadi ZvelTaganve aucilebel atributs
warmoadgenda adamianisaTvis. is vaJkacobisa da siZlieris simbolo iyo.
is gvxvdeba idiomebSi.
megr. nabadiT vare rTvili qi����anava `araferi daimaleba~. zedmiw.
`nabdiT araa gadaxuruli qveyanao~ (saxokia 1979, 254).
megr. nabadiSoro mikofinua `simravle (raRacis an viRacis)~. zedmiw.
`nabadiviT mifena~. nabadiSoro mikofinudua koCi `nabadiviT iyoo
mofenili xalxi~ (qajaia II, 2002).
megr. nabadiSoro mikoZˆ̂̂̂dua kunTxus `uyuradRebod, usulo saganiviT
iyo migdebuli~. zedmiw. nabadiviT iyo miyudebuli kuTxeSi (Cveni masala).
megr. nabadiacalo miko‡‡‡‡oTama `uyuradRebod mitoveba~. zedmiw. `Zveli,
uvargisi nabadiviT migdeba~. nabadiacalo qimka‡‡‡‡oTua Cilˆ̂̂̂ do squa || skua
149
`aRar zrunavs col-Svilze (Zveli, uvargisi nabadiviT miagdoo col-
Svili)~.
megr. ma do Cqimi nabadia `mTeli Cemi SesaZleblobiT aqa var~. zedmiw.
`me da Cemi nabadio~.
megr. osare `perangi~:
megr. osareS miSnabad-i `bednieri~. zedmiw. `perangiT dabadebuli~
(qobalia 2010).
megr. o����aleSi || o����ale `sayelo~, laz. yaliSi || Áaqa :
megr. o����aleSis alacima `SimSilobis wlebSi sufridan SinwasaReb
saWmels iparavdnen da sayelodan iyridnen ubeSi~. aqedan warmoiSva
gamoTqma: o����aleSis alacima `sayeloSi micviva, e. i. ugemurad,
naqurdaliviT vWam, damnaSaved vgrZnob Tavso~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. o����aleSiS gosofua `sakinZis Camogleja~. glovis niSnad sakinZes,
perangis sayelos Camoglejdnen, guls gaiReRdnen dasamjiRad (qobalia
2010).
megr. o����aleSiS elafarTxua || laz. yaliSi || ჲჲჲჲaqa ofaTxu `sayelos
amoferTxva~. avbediTobis Jams sufraze naparavs sayelodan, sakinZedan
iyridnen ubeSi, amitom sayelos amoferTxviT amtkicebdnen, naqurdali
ara maqvso. gadataniT niSnavs: am saqmeSi ubralo varo~ (qobalia 2010).
laz. man &a koCiSen yaliSi || &&&&aqa do&&&&faTxi `me im kacisgan sayelo
daviferTxe~. qarT. sayelos amobertyva `risame mocilebis niSani,
borotsa da siaves ganrideba, udanaSaulod aRiareba Tavisa~ (saxokia
1979, 557).
megr. o‡‡‡‡aleSi || o‡‡‡‡ale efSa mafu 1)B`bevri movaleoba makisria~.
zedmiw. `sayelo savse maqvs~.
megr. ortyafu, laz. otkafu || kaiSi `sartyeli~:
megr. ortyafu molafiri afu || ortyafu malu || m����Tmal���� || laz. otkafu
qagosTveetu || qageloleetu `moSiebuli iyo~. zedmiw. `sartyeli
Zvreboda~. laz. eko mSqironeri tu-qia, otkafu qagosTveetu ||
qageloleetu `iseTi mSieri iyo, sartyeli Cavardnoda~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. qarT. qamris dakargva. gadat. `Zalze moSieba (roca kaci didi xnis
150
uWmelia, muceli romelzedac qamari artyia, xerxemlisaken Seiwevs, ase
rom, misi qamari gauCinardeba, ikargvis)~ (saxokia 1979, 673).
megr. ortyafucalo qˆ̂̂̂goikarkatanq���� || qˆ̂̂̂goi‡‡‡‡oTanqˆ̂̂̂ xeSa || laz. xes
kaÁSisTeÁ qogogikiaf `gaganadgureb, dagimorCileb.~ zedmiw. `qamariviT
dagixvev xelze~. laz. dido moRaRalaf-qi, xes kaÁSisTeÁ qogogikiaf
`bevrs rom malaparakeb, xelze sartyeliviT dagixvev~ (Cveni masala).
megr. pinti `WinWi~ || pilatoki `cxvirsaxoci~:
megr. pintiSi miokirali `mniSvnelovani, gasaTvaliswinebeli~. zedmiw.
WinWSi gamosakravi~. pintiSi miokirali sqani naragadi || qarT. WinWSi
gamosakravi misi naTqvami `Wkviani laparaki icis mavanma, misi naTqvami
unda daimaxsovros kacma cxovrebaSi saxelmZRvanelod~ (saxokia 1979, 891).
amave mniSvnelobiT megrulSi ixmareba pilatok����Sa miokirali. sqani
naragadi pilatok����Sa renia miokirali `Seni naTqvami cxvirsaxocSia
gasaxvevi, e. i. sayuradReboa~.
megr. Ziqva || Salvari || Saluari || SaÁvari `Sarvali~:
megr. Ziqvemef-i do kabamef-i `kacebi da qalebi~. zedmiw. `Sarvlianebi
da kabianebi~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Ziqva molafir-i `gaRletili~ . zedmiw. `SarvalCaCaCuli; unifxvo
(qobalia 2010).
megr. Ziqvamo onTxoral-i `SarvliT dasamarxi (wyevlis formula,
sudara ar gRirsebodeso, sudara saSiSvlo iyo, xelmokle Wirisufali
mkvdars imiT marxavda, rac ecva, an Cacmuls odnav waafarebda sasudro
naWers)~ (qobalia 2010).
megr. Ziqvas || Sarvals eSe ga/emgonwˆ̂̂̂ynqˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ `saswauls dagmarTeb,
SeuZlebels gagikeTeb~. zedmiw. `Sarvals zemodan, kabasaviT gagxdi~.
megr. jibe `jibe~ _ laz. jebe || jeb-i:
megr. jibe efSa || gokasili || laz. jebe ÁofSa || ntkabeÁ. `mdidari, bevri
fulis patroni~. zedmiw. `jibesavse, gatenili~. laz. xamfoni &en, jebe
&&&&ofSa uRun karTa ndRas `mdidaria, jibe sul savse aqvs~ (Cveni masala).
Sdr. qarT. jibegatenili `mdidari, bevri fulis patroni~ (saxokia 1979,
952).
151
megr. jibeSi alaxunafa || laz. jebes doloxunu `motyueba, jobna~.
zedmiw. `jibeSi Casma~. megr. jibeSa qalaixunuanq || laz. jebes
qodologixunaf `jibeSi Cagisvam~. Sdr. qarT. jibeSi Casma (visime)
`motyueba, gacrueba, jobna rame saqmeSi, upiratesoba WkuiT, SeZlebiT,
RoniT, codniT~ (saxokia 1979, 953).
megr. jibewkˆ̂̂̂ma ukarsaT voreqˆ̂̂̂ `ufulod var, ver davixarjebi~. zedmiw.
`jibesTan ukacravad var~. Sdr. qarT. jibesTan ukacravad yofna
`xelmokleoba, ufuloba~ (saxokia 1979, 952).
megr. jibeSa moqanCafa || laz. jebes xe nonkapu `fulis daxarjva,
gacema~. zedmiw. `jibeze xelis gakvra~. megr. aba jibeSa qimiqanCeva! `aba
jibeze gaikari xelio!~ laz. jebes xe qoninkapu, &azma qegoWofa&a, ma
&azma mu paminon, kokona gofTa minon `jibeze xeli gaikra, Tavsafars
giyidio, me Tavsafars ra vuyo, koxtad minda viaro (Cveni masala). Sdr.
qarT. jibes gaikar xelia! gadat. `fuli gaeci _ masesxe, an momeci~
(saxokia 1979, 952). Sdr. megr. Aariqa, jibeSa xeq vegertas! zedmiw. `ariqa,
jibisken xeli ar gageqces!~ am sityvebiT SeiZleba adamiani siZunweSi
amxilon an, piriqiT, Seagulianon, an waaqezon sikeTis gasakeTeblad.
laz. jebe boSi `jibecarieli~. xegonTxime& koCis jebe biTTum boSi
uRun `xelgaSlil kacs jibe yovelTvis carieli aqvs~. Sdr. megr.
kompoziti: jibecarieli `id~ da qarT. jibes baraqa ver mohkida
`metismetad mxarjvelia, araferi ar gaaCnia~ (saxokia 1979, 952).
laz. jebe gamaxaeli `Rataki~. Sdr. megr. jibegorxvili
`jibegaxvretili~ da qarT. jibegaxvretili `Rataki; visac jibeSi fuli
ar uCerdeba~ (saxokia 1979, 952).
laz. jebe gamafaTxeÁ `arafris mqone~. zedmiw. `jibe gamoferTxili~.
umuTeli &en, jeba gamafaTxe&&&& gulun `uarafroa, jibegamoferTxili
(carieli) dadis~. Sdr. megr. jibefarTxili `jibe gamoferTxili~ (Cveni
masala).
megr. jibeSa Wuki afu alaRureli `araferi ar gaaCnia~. zedmiw. `jibeSi
Tagvi hyavs Camkvdari~. Sdr.A qarT. jibeSi Tagvebi uTamaSeben.
megr. jibeSi gokasua `bevri fulis Sovna, gamdidreba~. zedmiw. qarT.
jibis gatena (saxokia 1979, 312).
152
saanalizo leqsikuri erTeulebi sainteresoa enaTmecnieruli,
eTnografiuli, lingvokulturologiuri TvalsazrisiT. isini formobriv
da semantikur Sesatyvisebs avlenen qarTul saliteraturo enasa da
dialeqtebSi dadasturebul idiomebTan, Tumca zogjer semantikuri
mniSvneloba gadaweulia.
daskvniTi debulebebi
1) samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika sakmao sisruliT aris
warmodgenili megrul-lazurSi. masala dajgufda semantikuri jgufebis
mixedviT da, Sesabamisad, gamoiyo sami Tavi. TiToeul qveTavSi gamoiyo
qveTavebi da paragrafebi. I Tavi – samoseli, Seicavs eqvs qveTavs: I
qveTavi - tanisamosi. am monakveTSi masala sakmaod vrclad aris
warmodgenili rogorc megrulSi, aseve lazurSi. mocemul qveTavSi
Sedis eqvsi paragrafi: $ 1. tanisamosis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi; $ 2.
tanisamosis saxeobebi; $ 3. SigniTa samosi; $ 4. zeda samosi; $ 5. qveda
samosi; $ 6. mosasxami, mosacmeli.
II qveTavi - fexsamosi. is Seicavs or ZiriTad paragrafs: $ 1 fexsamosi
da $ 2. windebi. ganxiluli aris fexsamosis zogadi saxelwodebebi da
konkretuli saxeobebi.
III qveTavi – Tavsaburavi. masala aqac vrclad aris warmodgenili. is
Seicavs or ZiriTad paragrafs: $ 1. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli zogadi
terminebi da $ 2. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli konkretuli terminebi.
mocemul paragrafebsac gaaCnia qvejgufebi: 1-li Tavsafari da misi
saxeobani da me-2 qudi da misi saxeebi.
IV qveTavi – samoslis nawilebi. is Sicavs or ZiriTad paragrafs: $ 1.
samoslis nawilebi, romelSic ganxilulia: tanisamosis, fexsamosis,
Tavsaburavis nawilebi da $ 2. samoslis Sesakravebi; sartylebi. masala
aqac vrclad aris warmodgenili.
V qveTavi – samoseli formisa da ragvarobis mixedviT. masSi
ganxiluli aris forma samoslisa, kerZod, tanisamosisa, fexsamosisa,
Tavsaburavisa. masalidan gamomdinare, tanisamosi ZiriTadad iyo sruli,
153
grZeli. garda wyaroebSi asaxuli masalisa, SeZlebisdagvarad,
Tanamedrove samoslis saxeobac aRiwera. suraTi sakmaod gansxvavebulia,
rogorc formis, aseve daniSnulebis mixedviTac.
VI qveTavi –samoslis masala. am qveTavSi aRwerili da gaanalizebuli
aris, Tu ra masala aris gamoyenebuli samoslis sawarmoeblad. aqac
monacemebi sakmaod vrcelia. samoslis sawarmoeblad masalad SeiZleba
gamoyenebuli iyos: Zafi, qsovili, tyavi, mcenare, matyli. aRniSnuli
masalis sxvadasxva saxeoba gamoiyofa.
II Tavi – samoslis `CacmasTan~ da `gaxdasTan~ dakavSirebuli sityvebi.
es Tavi asaxavs tanisamosis, fexsamosis Cacma-gaxdis, Tavsaburavis
daxurva-moxdis, samkaulebiT morTvis aRvniSvnel leqsikur erTeulebs.
masalis analizisas gaTvaliswinebulia Cacmis niuansebi – zogadad,
Cacma, morgeba, Cazomeba, moxdeniloba. Cacmis manera damokidebuli aris
samoslis formaze, xarisxze. am TvalsazrisiT, mocemul jgufSi
Semavali saxelebi metad sainteresoa.
III Tavi _ samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrul-lazur
frazeologizmebSi. samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika gamovlenili
aris frazeologizmebSi. samosels adamianis cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeboda odiTganve. is adamianis Sinagani mdgomareobis,
eris sulieri da materialuri kulturuli yofis, Semecnebisa da
azrovnebis gamoxatulebas warmoadgenda. es yofa kargad aris asaxuli
frazeologizmebSi. sayrden sityvebad am mimarTulebiT gamovyaviT
megrul-lazuri leqsikuri erTeulebi. mag.: megr. kaba – laz. forka; megr.
o����aleSi `sayelo~ - laz. yaliSi (id.) da a. S.
2) masalis struqturuli analizis Sedegad gamovlinda martivi da
rTuli sityvebi. gvaqvs erT-, or-komponentiani sityvebi, Sesityvebebi.
mawarmoeblebis TvalsazrisiT, gamoiyofa: sakuTriv megrul-lazuri,
qarTuli da nasesxebi afiqsebi; nanaTesaobiTari saxelebi.: megr. barWo-Si
(nabdis saxeobaa. zedmiw. `nabdisa~). doloqunu-Si `tansacmeli~ zedmiw.
`tansacmlisa~;
3) masalaSi gamovlinda: sinonimebi, myari Sesityvebebi, evfemizmebi,
gadataniTi mniSvnelobis sityvebi;
154
4) gamovlinda erTeulebi, romlebic saliteraturo qarTulis
meSveobiT aris damkvidrebuli megrul-lazurSi;
5) gamoiyofa erTeulebi, romlebic, erTi mxriv, dialeqtebSi
dasturdeba da, meore mxriv. megrul-lazuri enobrivi masala aris
warmodgenili dialeqtebSi;
6) gamovlinda saerToqarTveluri fuZeebi (qarT. mos- (mos-va : megr.
mors- || mos- (mors-ua || mos-ua) laz. mos- (mos-vei) `Cacmuli, gamowyobili~;
qarT. bab-l-i `sabanze Sekerili samkuTxa saxe~: laz. bob-i `sacvlis ube~)
da ucxo warmomavlobis sityvebi. dasturdeba sparsulidan, arabulidan,
berZnulidan, rusulidan, Turqulidan, osuridan Semosuli sityvebi. zog
SemTxvevaSi sxva enobriv monacemebTan mimarTebaa gamoxatuli. bevria
lazurSi Turqulis gziT SeTvisebuli leqsika. samoselTan
dakavSirebuli axali terminebi SeTvisebulia qarTuli saliteraturo
enidan an rusulidan;
7) gamovlinda sityvebi, romlebic: 1) uSualod gamoxataven sakvlev
erTeulTa Zireul semantikas; 2) sityvebi, romelTac udasturdebaT sxva
amosavali mniSvnelobebi, magram am jgufebSic Semodis sakvlevi obieqtis
aRwerilobis gamosaxatavad an garkveuli niuansis ufro zustad Tu
zedmiwevniT gadmosacemad da iZens terminis funqcias;
8) warmodgenil sxvadasxva jgufSi Semavali leqsikuri erTeulebi
zogjer semantikurad kveTen erTmaneTs;
9) gamoiyofa nazmnari da nasaxelari sityvebi;
10) samoslis Cacmisa da gaxdis semantikur jgufSi gamoiyofa iseTi
saxelebi, romelTac sawyisi an piriani formebi ar ewarmoebaT;
11) samoslis ferebSi Warbobs: TeTri, Talxi, iisferi, wiTeli,
samgloviaro ferad – Savi;
12) samoslis forma mniSvnelovani aris eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT.çç
155
damowmebuli literatura
1. abaevi v., Абаев в., Историко-Этимологическии словаръ осетинского язика, т-1,
Москва, изд-ва наука, 1958.
2. abaevi v., Абаев в., Историко-Этимологическии словаръ осетинского язика, т-2,
Москва, изд-ва наука, 1973.
3. abaevi v., Абаев в., Историко-Этимологическии словаръ осетинского язика, т-3,
Москва, изд-ва наука, 1979.
4. abaevi v., Абаев в., Историко-Этимологическии словаръ осетинского язика, т-4,
Москва, изд-ва наука, 1989.
5. abulaZe i., Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba
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6. abulaZe iust., rusTvelologiuri naSromebi, Tbilisi., Tbilisis
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7. avaliani g., qarTul-megrul-svanuri sityvari, Tbilisi., gamomcem-
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10. aronia i., kompozitebi megrul-lazurSi, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba
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11. asaTiani i., windebulebi zanurSi, sakandidato disertacia, Tbili-
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17. beriZe gr., javaxuri dialeqtis saleqsikono masala, Tbilisi., gamo-
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18. beriZe v., sityvis kona imerul da raWul TqmaTa, sankt-peterburgi,
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19. beriZe S., megruli (iveriuli) ena, Sesavali da masalebi, Tbilisi,
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20. biniaSvili l., samoslis aRmniSvneli leqsika Zvel qarTulSi, sa-
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21. bukia m., narkvevebi qarTvelur-afxazuri lingvokulturuli urTi-
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22. gabunia k., zmnisarTis warmoeba da funqciebi qarTvelur enebSi,
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23. gamyreliZe T., maWavariani g., sonantTa sistema da ablauti qarTve-
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24. gaCeCilaZe p., qarTluris saleqsikono masala, ike, t-27, Tbilisi.,
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25. giuldenStedti i., giuldenStedtis mogzauroba saqarTveloSi, t-2,
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26. gudava t., qarTuli xalxuri sityviereba (megruli teqstebi), t-1,
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27. danelia k., qarTuli leqcionaris parizuli xelnaweri (gamokvleva
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28. danelia k., megrul-Wanuri leqsikis sakiTxebi, t-2, Tbilisi., Tbi-
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29. danelia k., canava a., qarTuli xalxuri sityviereba. megruli teq-
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30. diumezili J., lazuri zRaprebi da gadmocemebi, (lazuri teqstebis
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31. eliava g., megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `in-
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32. vaniliSi m., Tandilava a., lazeTi, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `sabWo-
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33. Tofuria v., gramatikul movlenaTa erTgvarovani procesi qarTve-
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34. Tofuria v., saxelTa daboloebis istoriisaTvis svanurSi, Srome-
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35. kaiSauri l., mTiuluris dargobrivi leqsika, Tbilisi., gamomcem-
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36. kalandia T., 2000 lazuri sityva (saleqsikono masala), Tbilisi.,
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37. kalandia T., lazuri teqtsebi, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `artanuji~,
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38. kartozia g., lazuri teqstebi (aTinuri kilokavis nimuSebi), `mac-
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39. kartozia g., lazuri teqstebi, t-1, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `mecnie-
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40. kartozia g., lazuri teqstebi, t-2, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `mecnie-
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41. kartozia g., lazuri ena da misi adgili qarTvelur enaTa sistema-
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46. kvirtia m., kvimati (werilebis krebuli), Tbilisi., gamomcemloba
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47. kilanava b., 900 megruli sityva, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `inteleq-
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51. kobiZe d., qarTul-sparsuli literaturuli urTierTobani, t-3, Tbi-
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52. kolxuri (megrul-lazuri) ena, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `universa-
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53. lazuri paramiTefe (lazuri folklori), Tbilisi., saqarTvelos
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54. lazuri poezia, 100 leqsi, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2007.
55. lamberti a., samegrelos aRwera, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `qarTvel-
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56. makalaTia s., samegrelos istoria da eTnografia, Tbilisi., gamo-
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60. masalebi saqarTvelos Sinamrewvelobisa da xelosnobis istorii-
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62. masalebi saqarTvelos Sinamrewvelobisa da xelosnobis istorii-
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63. masalebi saqarTvelos Sinamrewvelobisa da xelosnobis istorii-
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64. megruli poezia, 100 leqsi, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `inteleqti~,
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65. memiSiSi o., Serozia r., xalxuri sibrZne, t-1, megruli da lazuri
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66. menTeSaSvili st., qiziyuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi., saqarTvelos me-
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67. nedospasova m., ucxo warmoSobis leqsika arabul oTxTavSi, Tbi-
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68. niJaraZe S., zemoaWarulis Taviseburebani, baTumi., aWaris assr sa-
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78. JRenti s., qarTuli enis fonetika, Tbilisi., Tbilisis universite-
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81. samuSia k., qarTuli xalxuri poeziis masalebi (megruli nimuSebi),
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82. samuSia k., qarTuli xalxuri poeziis sakiTxebi (megruli nimuSe-
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87. saxokia T., qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tqmani, Tbilisi., gamomcemlo-
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89. sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoni qarTuli, t-1, Tbilisi., gamo-
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90. sulxan-saba orbeliani, s.-s., leqsikoni qarTuli, t-2, Tbilisi.,
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97. qavTaraZe iv., qarTuli enis istoriisaTvis, Tbilisi., Tbilisis
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98. qajaia o,. megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, t-1, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba
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99. qajaia o,. megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, t-2, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba
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100. qajaia o,. megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, t-3, Tbilisi., gamomcem-
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101. qajaia o., megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni (damatebani), t-4, Tbilisi.,
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102. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arn. Ciqobavas saerTo
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103. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arn. Ciqobavas saerTo
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104. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arn. Ciqobavas saerTo
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105. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arn. Ciqobavas saerTo
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106. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arn. Ciqobavas saerTo
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107. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arn. Ciqobavas saerTo
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108. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arn. Ciqobavas saerTo
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109. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (arn. Ciqobavas saerTo
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110. qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, axali redaqcia (red. a.
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112. qobalia a., megruli leqsikoni, Tbilisi., gamomcemloba `artanu-
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123. Ciqobava arn., -on sufiqsi megrulSi, Sromebi, III, Tbilisi.,
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124. CofikaSvili n., qarTuli kostiumi VI-XIV, Tbilisi, saqarTve-
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125. CubinaSvili n., qarTuli leqsikoni rusuli TargmaniTurT,
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128. Cuxua m., damatebiTi masalebi saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enis Zi-
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131. ciciSvili i., masalebi qarTuli Cacmulobis istoriisaTvis, Tbi-
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132. cocaniZe g., TuSuri leqsikoni, Tbilisi., bakur sulakauris
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133. wereTeli g., arabul-qarTuli leqsikoni, Tbilisi., Tbilisis sa-
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137. Waraia p., megrul-qarTuli leqsikoni, (Seadgina d. TvalTva-
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140. Wyonia i., sityvis kona, sankt-peterburgi, mecnierebaTa akademi-
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141. xubua m., megruli teqstebi, Tbilisi., ssrk mecnierebaTa akademiis
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142. javaxiSvili iv., saqarTvelos ekonomiuri istoria, t-1, tfili-
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143. janaSia s., svanur-adiReuri (Cerqezuli) enobrivi Sexvedrebi,
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144. jorbenaZe b., kobaiZe m., beriZe m., qarTuli enis morfemebisa
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cniereba~, 1988.
masala
145. lazuri leqsikonis fondi (daculi arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis
enaTmecnierebis institutSi).
146. Cveni masala (Cawerili samegrelosa da lazeTSi).
147. Wanturia a., akaki Wanturias arqivi (daculi xelnawerTa erov-
nul centrSi), megrul-qarTuli leqsikonis masala, # 434.
148. Wanturia a., akaki Wanturias arqivi daculi xelnawerTa erov-
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165
gaanalizebul fuZeTa indeqsi
megruli
a
abJandi 68
abJo 22
abJu 22
aziacki 40
azRoti 68
aTa�unafali 21, 68
aknamosa 94
anafara 34
anafora 34
aJurni TaTmani 53
aramcelia 56
areSumi 94
afxazur-i Sarvali 32
awakirali 68
awarTumalari 54
awaforali 68
axaluxi 28
axaÁuxi 28
b
baikarti 69
balaRi 41
baletka 41
bandaJi 22
bandi 78
bandili 41
banti 78
bargi 6
bargobua 6
bartyi 69
barWo 34
barWoSi 34
barWoS nabadi 34
basanoCka 41
batinka 41
baSlayvi 64
baSlayu 64
baSlay� 64
baSmakefi 41
baSჲa�u 64
baCuCi 41
baCxaCxia 41
bedani 69
belio 22
bereti 65
berwkinte 42
betki 70
166
beWedi 82
biwkantia 41
bilio 22
biniSi 34
birdu-bardu 10
biwkali 41
biwki 41
bluza 28
boa 70
boti 42
boRazi 76
boworia 64
bowowami qudi 64
bowowiS-i qudi 64
boxoxi 63
boxoxia 63
boxoxi qudi 63
brezrazmeraSi TaTmani 53
bua 70
bugi 42
buTa 104
burua 118
burTuli Cafla 40
buxariSi qudi 64
g
gagurkla 56
gagurjela 56
gagurj�la 56
gadiduli 10
galeiani mukaqunali 34
galeni ginaqunali 34
galeni mukaqunali 34
galife Sarvali 32
gamaSi 52
gamorsali 8
gargueba 58
gargunjela 56
gargunjia 56
gargunjua 56
gargujela 56
garozi 34
gaurjela 56
gaforafali 35
gaqunali 35
gaxvaxvali 54
gebiZgafa 118
gezimafa 118
genwkilua 120
gerTumala 118
getatafa 121
getri 52
167
gvabana 35
gvegveria niCvami Cafla 51
gvigvali niCvami Cafla 51
gimeiani 31
gimeiani kaba 31
ginaqunali 34
ginoqvenji 8, 35
ginoqvinji 35
giorTumalari 54
giotatafali 55
gioqunali 55
godg�mili TaTmani 53
gogra 94
gojvanjua 106
gurgini 65
d
dabali kiserami jempri 30
daraia 56
daqunali 7
dvala 37
dinaxle milaqunali 21
dinaxleni bargi 21
dinoxleni bargi 21
doforua 107
dudiSi gaxvaxvali 54
dudiSi giorTumalari 54
dudiSi giotatafali 55
dudiSi gioxuafali 55
dudiS-i gio�oTamali 55
dudiS-i ki/k�nakirali 55
e
eiobinali 70
elamorsa 56
elamosa 10
elastiki 52
emaxuWi 78
espadreli 42
eSeiani 27
v
vala 61
valniki 42
varadniki 70
varandiki 70
vitiaSka 42
z
zmeika 78
zorti 79
168
T
TavSali 56
TaT{i}mani 52
TaT�mani 52
Tirua 23
Tudoni aTaqunali 21
Txiami 42
Txilamuri 42
i
inarCafali 76
iubka 31
iuka 31
k
kaba 10
kabami 10
kakam Cafla 40
kakila 82
kakula 56, 57
kakulari 57
kakuli 57
kalatozi 42
kaloSki 42
kanTari 25
kaniS Cafla 40
kaniS Cafula 40
kanti 77
kanCafila 40
kanCafla 40
kanCafula 40
kapuWi 35
karTe 70
kasinka 57
kastumi 28
kaSni 61
kepka 65
ketefi 42
kie 70
kieami 70
kile 70
kileami 70
ki/k�nakirali 55
kinki 70
kirua 55
kiserami jempri 30
kiseriSi giTadvalari 61
kiseriSi g�Tadvalari 61
kiseriSi giTakirali 61
kiseriSi g�Takirali 61
kitei 29
kiteli 29
169
kifiS osare 24
koTxunji 43
kondra 51
konki 70
konwolam qudi 64
koroxiSi kaba 12
kowoli 77
koWilulu 35
koxunji 43
kraveliS qudi 64
kruJaoami qica 59
kudei 70
kudeli 70
kunta TaTmani 42, 53
kurTa 22, 23
kurTa kirkintami 22
kurTa kunta 22
kurTa ofaxvalaia 22
kurTa paWanakami 22
kurTa upaWanako 22
kurTa xuWili 22
kuCxiSi TaTmani 52
kuCxiSi madvalari 38
kuCxCafulami 39
kuCx�modvali 38
kuCx�modvalu/� 38
l
labartyia qurami Caf�la 52
laguji 12
lakolka 57
lanCa 43
larCemi 43
larCimi 43
lasti 43
lastefi 43
lafarTia Caf�la 52
leniSi 23
leqeCi 57
leCeqi 57
libadi 35
lifi 23
lifu 23
lobidani 12
liba 70
luba 70
l�ba 70
m
magu 43
maguia 43
magunia 43
madvalari 37
170
madilosani 60
mad�losani 60
maTirali 23
maika 23
manja 70
marwkindi 83
maska 57
matatia 43
matatafali 43
mafori 34
maqunali 34
maSaia 43
maSi 43
maSia 43
maCarxafali 44
mesTi 44
mesti 44
meSi 40
meSini 40
meSiSi Cafla 40
mikaqvenji 7
milaqunali 21
mila�unafali 21
moTiru 23
montyori 104
montyoriSi qudi 64
moJvilua 130
morsua || mosua 113
mortyafa 131
mosasxan 35
motatafa 43
mofirfiCua 133
mukaqvenji 7
mukaqunali 7
mukozimafa 109
mukonwkilua 110
mukonwy�ma 128
mukoJvilua 128
mukorRvafa 128
mukoqunali 7
mukoZvaZvafa 112
mukoWonWua 111
m�kaqunali 7
n
nabadi 35
nabadiaSi qudi 64
nabadami 35
naTi 70
narCakuCxi 76
naski 53
naCa 76
171
noqicia 58
noRarSia 47
noCeqmia 47
noCxarkia 48
o
obawkaia 44
obinali 71
oboxua 44
oboxuaS gerina 44
oburali 55
ozgilitaia 40
ozgilitaia Cafla 40
oTxkunTxuri qica 59
oTxkunTxuri qurami Caf�la 52
olari 71
olafarTe 59
oma/oTirali 23
omaTire 23
omorguale 58
omorgualo qica 58
omorsali 8
omosali 8
orgaSe 58
orgaSe qica 58
ortafi 36
ortafi-SarSafi 36
orSvalefi 44
orCofexi 45
osare 23
osare baba�iSi 24
osare baiburiSi 24
osare gadiduliS 24
osare do kurTa 24
osare do muSi amxanagi 24
osare uo�aleSe 24
oserafalo 24
osare fsuSi 2
osare Carqami 24
osare jamfeziSi 24
osaria 24
oqaqalaia kaba 87
oyoraia kaba 89
oCokuCxi 45
oCxanie qudi 65
o�ale 71
o�aleSi 71
p
palto 12
paWanaki 76
paWiWi 45
piJamo 25
172
piji 71
plaSi 12
J
Jaketi 12
Jidoiani 27
Jidoiani mikaqunali 27
Jidoni 27
r
ranti 45
rguala 58
reituzi 25
rkinaSi osare 23
rubaSka 29
rubaSqa 29
ruSqo 71
rRia 71
rSvil-osare 24
s
sabo 45
saboia 45
sagulo 25
sagurguno 58
sakidiro 13
sak�d�ro 13
salabo qica 59
salafarTo 59
samge 45
samorgualo qica 58
saroCka 29
sarRio 71
sarCuli 71
safulaqo 71
satina 95
saqilo 72
saRamuri 24
saRamuri osare 24
saCxanio qudi 65
sacveTi 45
sajinje 77
sumkunTxuri qica 58
suS osare 24
t
talavari 8
talma 29
tanisamosi 8
tan(i) do kuCx-i 8
tanmikoqvenji 7
tan-mukoqvenji 7
tatabia 46
tatuci 65
173
tetiaSi qudi 64
toloma 36
tol�ma 36
tufl-basanoCka 46
tufli 46
tyebi 101
u
uba 70
uquro Caf�la 52
uCanabadami 35
uCaRarTami 13
uSanka qudi 64
f
farTxvaia qudi 64
fata 58
fafanaki 13
fayu 65
faCuCi 46
forCa 29
fostali 46
fota 71
foCvam-i qica 58
foCiSi 46
foCoCam-i qica 58
q
qalamani 46
qeCa 36
qila 72
qica 58
qosala 46
qoSi 46
quba 72
qudi 63
qulaja 13
quni 36
quni do RarTi 14
qunCa 36
qunCari 36
qunCi 36
qurami madvalari 52
qurami Cafla 52
qurqi 13
q�nzi 29
q�nCi 29
q�nC� 29
R
Razi 59
RarTa 13
RarTami 13
174
RarTa-RarTa 13
RarTi 13
RarTi do kaba 14
RarTi do nabadi 14
RarTi do Ziqva 14
RarTiS kare 14
RarSia 47
RaSia 47
y
yabalaxi 65
yanTari 25
yaraozi 59
yayabi 47
yayafi 47
yruJaoami qica 59
yurJaoami qica 59
S
Salvari 31
Sali 60
Saluari 31
Sarfi 60
SarSabi 59
Sa&vari 31
Semuxi 53
Sineli 14
Sliapa 65
Slopancef/bi 47
Sonuri qudi 64
Suzefi 47
Suzi 47
Sumuxi 53
SqverTi 80
Sxu qurami Caf�la 52
C
Cakaboxu 47
Caraqa 26
Careqam osare 25, 26
Carqam osare 26
Careqi 26
Carqi 72
CarxiaA44
Cafia 39
Cafila 39
Cafla 39
Cafla SxuriSi 40
Cafla Wabruli 40
Cafla xuWili 40
Cafula 39
Caf�la 39
Caqi 72
175
Ceqma 47
CeSi 26
Cixtikopi asali 56
Coxa 14
CoxaSi 14
Custi 47
CxanaSi qudi 65
Cxaputia 48
Cxarki 48
CxviCxvi 73
CxiCxveli qica 60
c
carcki 48
caxorci 59
caxoci 59
cibliki 48
cilindri 65
Z
ZafeZia 66
Zewkvi 83
Zia 83
Ziqva 32
Z�qva 32
w
waRa 48
weli 73
wvandami Caf�la 51
wkventami Caf�la 51
wkventuri caxoci 58
wveturi caxoci 58
wuRa 48
wuRazi 48
wuRaziS Cafla 48
wuRa-mesti 48
W
Wapu 80
WiliSi qudi 64
Wife qurami Caf�la 52
Wyvintiani yabalaxi 66
x
xabarda 26
xabardami 12
xalaTi 15
xarTa 80
xeforCa 73
xeSi TaTmani 15
xeS�TaTmani 15
176
xvanjari 81
xuafa 55
xurxami jempri 30
j
jempri 30
jibe 73
jigania 15
jorabi 49
jurabi 49
jRarki 49
����
�oTama 55
177
lazuri
a
avji CeqeTi 18
az&atski 49
akleTi 16
akleti 16
alwa 52
anTeri 30
anTeroni 30
anTeÁ 30
atketi 16
axomi 52
aÁazma 63
b
baSlu 66
baSluRi 66
baSmayani 49
bluza 30
bobi 74
bobRi 74
borCxali 49
boxoxi 66
boxCa 66
burza 30
g
galiфe 33
gebumu 134
gebunafale 84
gekarTu 117
geJaqunuSi 27
gerCafule 74
gewkimu 131
gejaluRi 19
gejeluRi 19
gejenluRi 19
godvaloni 84
gokiru 122
golabRafa 132
goTvalu 55
gokidu 134
golфi 33
gonZiqu 117
gorCalu 74
gorCu 117
gotkafu 81
gotkimale 32
gotkimu 32
goSadvalu 132
178
goCablu 90
gowaki(r)u 74
gowakorale 74
goÁonqunaSe 27
gur-piji 74
d
dada-kaka 84
dirili 98
dolodrawu 118
doloqunale 8
doloquni 8
doloqunu 8, 117
doloxe doloqunuSi 21
doloxeni 21
doloxeni gejeluRi 26
doni 26
dorki 90
duaRi 61
duvaRi 61
duzi Sarvali 33
e
elbise 16
eTvafa 122
eJaqunuSi 27
eSkaqunaSe 26
eÁonqunaSe 27
v
vala 49
valinki 49
z
zipa 81
zipka 32
zupina 16
T
Tabla 61
TavSali 61
TaTmani 19
Taqia 66
Teliki 74
Telikefe 74
Texeli 49
TiTxu wineki 53
Ti moJakiuSi 61
Tis golakiuSi 61
TiSi g&oTumale 55
Tis eJoTvalu 55
Tis eÁoTvala 55
TozloRani 53
Toka 81
Txelamure 49
Txilamure 51
179
i
iJdoni 26
iubka 32
iSdoni 26
iSToni 26
k
kabalaxuntka 36
kavuxi 66
kazi 61
kaTandReri doloquna 8
kalambi 74
kalafaRi 66
kalive 33
kalife 33
kaloSi 49
kaloS-foTini 49
kalfaRi 66
kapoti 16
kapWini 50, 53
kasTumi 30
kasinka 57
katiri 50
kauxa 66
kiki 36
kikili 16
kirki 36
kiteli 31
konki 75
kofta 31
kowankoru 74
kowoTvala 74
kowoTvalu 74
ko�ta 31
ko�Ta 31
kukula 66
kule 33
kule SarvaÁ 33
kurTa 22, 26
kurTaste 26
kuCxe meSaCu 127
kuCxeSi modvalu/i 38
kuCxeSi modvaluSi 38
kuCxeSi motkuSi 53
kuCxi 75
l
labada 16, 36
laTinka 81
lastiki 50
lastiRi 50
libadi 16, 36
180
m
mandili 61
manTo 17
mawkindi 84
mbela 75
mgaaSi moTvaluSi 62
mendikoni 75
mendili 62
meJakiu 123
mesTi 50
mesti 50
meSamalu 127
meSaqunu 21, 26
meSaqunuSi 21
meSkanqunu 26
mecigu 134
midi 50
milaxiSe 21
mindali 84
mkule 33
mkule SarvaÁ 33
modvalu 38
modvaluSi 38
modvaluSi nena 77
modvaluSi Cxvindi 77
moTvalu 55, 62
moTvaluSi 55, 62
moTumale 62
moTumuSi 62
moni 84
montkori 104
monqTuru 26, 129
moJaqunuSi 27
mos- 114
mosTimu 129
motkale 82
moqTiruSi 23
moqunu 17
moqunuSi 27
moZin 134
mowifxu 118
mowkimu 129
mowyvinu 118
mJoraSi qudi 67
mJuaSi qudi 67
muJvokirale 62
mSali 62
mCoxa 18
n
nalini 50
nalConi 50
naski 53
181
o
oba 75
okonaru 133
ombriSumi 100
omuzluRi 75
oqTuru 26
owkimu 133
p
palto 17
papaxi 67
papuwi 50
pintola 75
piJama 17, 25
piSTimale 75
podia 75
r
ruza 30
s
saroCka 31
safoRi 50
safoxi 50
semsiferi 67
serdoloqunali 19
serdoloqunuSi 19
seÁ doloqunuSi 19
sulei 103
t
tkebi 101
topWa 86
torvela 33
toti mkule 18
u
uba 75
uruba 8
uZiru 50
f
falasqa 75
falTo 17
falTu 17
faloTefe 75
falto 17
fata 62
fafaRi 67
fafaxi 67
ferde 62
feSi 75
feCe 62
foTeÁ 67
182
foTini 50
foTini kaloSi 49
fonToloni 33
fonTuli 33
fontuli 33
forka 17
forCa 17, 31
forCasTe 31
fosTali 51
fostali 51
q
qalaman 51
qalman 51
qaCula 67
qelmani 51
qena 75
qontra 51
qudi 66
qudiSi kukuti 78
qui 77
quoloni modvalu 52
quri 77
quroni 52
qurqi 18
qCeoni 19
qCe-forConi 19
qConi 19
qÁurqi 18
R
Ralajiji 76
y
yali 75
yaliSi 75
yujiSi 85
S
Savali 32
Savka 67
SaTxi 62
Salvari 32
Sapka 67
Saraxi 32
Sarvali 32
SarvaÁ 32
Safka 67
Sarфi 62
Saфka 67
Sibi 33, 82
Sibiloni Salvari 33
Ska 75
Subara 67
183
Sqa 75
SqaS Jin doloqunu 27
Skawale 18
C
Cabla 39
Cadri 62
Carketi 18
CarkeCi 18
CarCab 63
Castara 51
Cafla 39
Cafula 39, 49
Cepqeni 37
CeqeTi 18
Cize 51
Cizme 51
CiTi 101
Coni 19
Coxa 18
Coxa-Ziqva 18
c
cilindri 67
Z
Zikva 32
Ziminji 82
ZinZola 91
Ziqva 32
Ziqva-axaluxi 33
Ziфa 32
w
wangi 51
wikva 32
windeqi 54
wineki 54
wineqi 54
wuRa 48, 51
wuRazi 51
W
Wak-Wirina 33
Wefri 103
Wilobi 67
x
xaTaTmani 19
xalaTi 18
xamaili 82
xanjula 62
184
xasa 62
xase 62
xasiri 67
xe 76
xegamalu 129
xeoni 76
xedeki 51
xediki 51
xe-TaTi 19
xelajiji 76
xenWali 76
xerTeSi 18
xeforCa 76
xeS-TaTi 19
xeSi TaTmani 19
xika 18
xirka 18
xCeoni 19
j
jan- фesi 67
jebe 75
jibi 75
jeqeTi 18
jubbe 37
h
hilanjuRi 85
hijabi 63
Á
Áazma 63
ÁaluRi 63
ÁamCi 36
ÁamWi 36
Áaqa 75
ÁaRluRi
ÁeleRi 26
����
�anela 31
�ata 62
фesi 67
�oga 17
�ogina 17
�oka 17
�orka 17
�orkaSi �uji 76
�oteri 67
�raki 17
�tili 75
185
sarCevi
Sesavali________________________________________________________ 2
Tavi I. samoseli _________________________________________________ 5
I qveTavi. tanisamosi _____________________________________________ 5
$ 1. tanisamosis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxelebi ______________________ 5
$ 2. tanisamosis saxeobebi_________________________________________ 9
$ 3. SigniTa samosi_______________________________________________ 21
$ 4. zeda samosi ________________________________________________ 27
$ 5. qveda samosi ________________________________________________ 31
$ 6. mosasxami, mosacmeli ________________________________________ 33
II qveTavi. fexsamosi ____________________________________________ 37
$ 1. fexsamosi___________________________________________________ 37
III qveTavi. Tavsaburavi___________________________________________ 54
$ 1. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli zogadi terminebi_____________________ 54
$ 2. Tavsaburavis aRmniSvneli konkretuli terminebi________________ 55
IV qveTavi. samoslis nawilebi____________________________________ 68
$ 1. samoslis nawilebi __________________________________________ 68
$ 2. samoslis Sesakravebi; sartylebi______________________________ 78
$ 3. samkaulebi _________________________________________________ 83
$ 4. samoslis mosarTavebi _______________________________________ 85
V qveTavi. samoseli formisa da ragvarobis mixedviT________________ 87
VI qveTavi. samoslis masala______________________________________ 92
Tavi II. samoslis CacmasTan da gaxdasTan dakavSirebuli sityvebi____ 106
Tavi III. samoselTan dakavSirebuli leqsika megrul-lazur frazeolo-
gizmebSi_______________________________________________________ 137
daskvniTi debulebebi______________________________________-_____ 152
damowmebuli literatura _______________________________________ 155
gaanalizebul fuZeTa indeqsi (megruli) _________________________ 165
gaanalizebul fuZeTa indeqsi (lazuri) __________________________ 177