ETHEKWINI TRANSPORT AUTHORITY (ETA)

ROAD ACCIDENT STATISTICS & ROAD

TRAFFIC VOLUMES 2014-2015

This report presents a summary of road traffic accident statistics and road traffic volumes in the eThekwini Municipal Area. Information contained herein may be reproduced provided that the source is acknowledged. The eThekwini Transport Authority cannot be held liable for any consequence arising from the use of this information either direct or otherwise. All of the road accidents referred to in this report took place on public roadways unless otherwise stated. In recent years there have been some instances of false claims against the Road Accident Fund supported by accident reports with fictitious or inflated personal injuries. This practice may have impacted to a certain extent on casualty statistics for the eThekwini Municipal Area over the past few years.

1

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 2

1. ACCIDENT STATISTICS ................................................................................ 2

1.1. Trends in Accidents ............................................................................... 2

1.2. Trends in Casualties .............................................................................. 3

1.3. Accidents by Road Type ........................................................................ 4

1.4. Accident Costs ....................................................................................... 6

1.5. Fatalities by Road User Group .............................................................. 8

1.6. Fatalities by Road User Group by Age ................................................. 8

1.7. Fatalities by Age and Gender .............................................................. 10

1.8. Drivers Involved in Accidents by Age Group ..................................... 13

1.9. Trends in Pedestrian Accidents .......................................................... 13

1.10. Age Distribution of Pedestrians involved in Accidents ................. 14

1.11. Total Pedestrian Casualties ............................................................. 14

1.12. Pedestrians Killed in Accidents by Vehicle Type-2015 .................. 15

1.13. Pedestrians Injured in Accidents by Vehicle Type-2015 ................ 15

1.14. Vehicle Accidents by Type ............................................................... 16

1.15. Accident Type by Day of Week ........................................................ 18

2. TRAFFIC VOLUMES .................................................................................... 20

2.1. Traffic Volume Growth ......................................................................... 20

2.2. Top 10 Busiest Signalised Intersections for all Vehicles in eThekwini 22

2.3. Top 10 Busiest Intersections by Vehicle Type ................................... 22

2

INTRODUCTION This report consists of two sections, Accident Statistics and Traffic Volumes. The Accident Statistics section is based on accident reports submitted to the South African Police Services by members of the public involved in accidents. The accident reports are captured and stored on the Accident Database called “Impact”. To achieve a higher level of accuracy of the data various validation checks are done. Computer tabulations and summaries are again checked for accuracy before information is released or disseminated. It is intended that the information presented in this report will assist road safety practitioners by highlighting some of the road safety problems currently being experienced. The Traffic Volume section is based on classified vehicle counts at intersections. This type of survey records all the vehicle movements at an intersection classified by car, minibus-taxi, heavy vehicle and bus. Classified intersection surveys are usually conducted during school term from Mondays to Thursdays over a 12-hour period (from 06h00 to 18h00).

1. ACCIDENT STATISTICS

1.1. Trends in Accidents

YEAR

NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS

Fatal Serious Slight Damage only Total

Accidents

2000 496 2413 7750 42673 53332

2001 537 2624 10311 41037 54509

2002 637 2676 10310 41465 55088

2003 665 2832 9584 42968 56049

2004 724 2845 9475 43690 56734

2005 663 2526 9413 47169 59771

2006 647 3231 10641 50282 64801

2007 609 3694 13934 54115 72352

2008 508 3387 14991 51862 70748

2009 607 3086 11304 52646 67643

2010 596 2679 9499 50491 63265

2011 612 2380 8948 50197 62137

2012 596 2242 8313 51167 62318

2013 497 2342 8738 51437 63014

2014 478 2408 9351 50151 62388

2015 571 2650 9719 52474 65414

There was an increase in fatal accidents from 478 in 2014 to 571 in 2015.

3

1.2. Trends in Casualties

YEAR

CASUALTIES

Deaths Serious Slight Total

Casualties

2000 545 3188 11644 15377

2001 609 3719 17404 21732

2002 716 3880 16382 20978

2003 753 3925 14710 19388

2004 795 4072 14432 19299

2005 726 3358 13535 17619

2006 744 4219 15586 20549

2007 687 4826 20245 25758

2008 550 4487 22714 27751

2009 673 4133 15953 20759

2010 651 3672 13869 18192

2011 680 3253 12356 16289

2012 647 3065 11412 15124

2013 588 3197 11879 15664

2014 515 3212 12738 16465

2015 614 3498 13316 17428

There was a 4.8% increase in total accidents from 62388 in 2014 to 65414 in 2015.

Total casualties increased by 5.8% from 16465 in 2014 to 17428 in 2015.

There was an increase in fatalities of 19% from 515 in 2014 to 614 in 2015.

4

The accident rate per 1000 vehicles has been decreasing steadily from

101 in 2007 to 75 in 2015.

1.3. Accidents by Road Type There are five main classes of roads: 1. Class 1 – Freeways

These roads carry large volumes of traffic making relatively long distance trips. Generally the physical characteristics are divided (dual) carriageways with grade separated intersections, a 120km/h design speed and they have no direct access to properties.

2. Class 2 – Arterials

These roads supplement freeways forming the primary road network within an urban area. The physical characteristics are divided (dual) carriageways or at least 4 lane roads, intersections are usually at grade and signal controlled, 80km/h design speed, limited access to properties often via parallel service roads.

3. Class 3 – Distributors These roads distribute traffic between the various major land-use development areas linking arterials and freeways to the Class 4 roads. These roads have slightly lower design standards/capacities than major arterials with correspondingly lower running speeds and traffic volumes.

53332

54509

55088

56049

56734

59771

64801

72352

70748

67643

63265

62137

62318

63014

62388

654145

44500

557391

551840

560175

577024

616818

665229

713272

725136

733305

742581

752506

785534

810484

829552

868013

98 98

100 10098

9797

101

98

92

85

83 7978

75 75

707274767880828486889092949698100102104

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100000

200000

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400000

500000

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700000

800000

900000

1000000

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Accident Rate:eThekwini

Total Accidents Total Vehicle Population Acc. Rate per 1000 vehicles

5

4. Class 4 –Collectors These roads distribute traffic within the residential development areas and in fact are the “main roads” in such areas providing the main circulation routes within residential areas. The physical characteristics are single carriageway roads two lanes wide.

5. Class 5 – Local Roads These roads provide access to residential properties. The physical characteristics are single carriageway roads two (or sometimes less) lanes wide.

The following pie charts depict the total accidents, fatal accidents, pedestrian accidents and pedestrian fatalities reported in eThekwini during 2015 according to the type of road on which they have occurred.

Freeways13%

Arterials19%

Distributors31%

Collectors18%

Local Roads 19%

Total Accidents in eThekwini by Road Type 2015

Total Accidents=64692

Freeways23%

Arterials25%

Distributors30%

Collectors11%

Local Roads 11%

Fatal Accidents in eThekwini by Road Type 2015

Total Fatal Accidents=563

6

Overall the majority of accidents occurred on distributor roads. Freeways generally accounted for a small proportion of accidents but a significant proportion of these accidents were fatal. Pedestrians accounted for the majority of fatalities. A quarter of pedestrian fatalities occurred on freeways, highlighting the problem of pedestrian activity on freeways.

1.4. Accident Costs During 2015 the estimated cost of all accidents was R18.1 million per day. The accident costs used are based on a model developed by the CSIR. This ‘cost’ is derived by assigning a monetary value in rands to accidents of varying degree using variables such as medical costs, vehicle damage, property damage but excluding hidden costs such as trauma, grief, suffering, etc since these are difficult to quantify.

Freeways5%

Arterials15%

Distributors33%

Collectors23%

Local Roads 24%

Pedestrian Accidents in eThekwini by Road Type 2015

Pedestrian Accidents=5078

Freeways24%

Arterials25%

Distributors31%

Collectors10%

Local Roads 10%

Pedestrian Fatalities in eThekwini by Road Type 2015

Pedestrian Fatalities=400

7

Damage only accidents are accidents where no personal injury occurred. This type of accident continues to account for approximately 56% of all accident costs.

Pedestrian accidents account for approximately 56% of the cost of accidents involving injury.

R 3.70

R 1.07

R 1.02

R 0.84

R 3.54

R 1.03

R 0.93

R 0.70

R 0.00 R 1.00 R 2.00 R 3.00 R 4.00

DAMAGEONLY

SLIGHT

SERIOUS

FATAL

Billion

Accident Costs:eThekwini

2014

2015

R 21

R 373

R 622

R 655

R 17

R 372

R 519

R 476

R 0 R 200 R 400 R 600 R 800

NON INJURY

SLIGHT

SERIOUS

FATAL

Million

Cost of Pedestrian Accidents:eThekwini

2014

2015

8

1.5. Fatalities by Road User Group

The number of fatalities per road user group is shown in the following histogram:

Pedestrian fatalities increased by 25% from 328 in 2014 to 410 in 2015, passenger fatalities increased by 10% from 78 in 2014 to 86 in 2015 and the number of driver fatalities increased by 8% from 109 in 2014 to 118 in 2015.

1.6. Fatalities by Road User Group by Age The following chart shows the fatalities by age for drivers involved in all accidents in eThekwini:

The highest number of driver fatalities reported in 2015 was in the 25 to 29 age category at 22% and the second highest age category was the 40 to 44 age group at 18% and the third highest category was the 30 to 34 age group at 13%. In 2014 the highest number of driver fatalities was in the 45 to 49 age group at 16% followed

109 11878 86

328

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2014 2015

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Fatalities by Road User Group

Drivers

Passengers

Pedestrians

0 0 0

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78

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Age Group

Driver Fatalities by Age20142015

9

by the 20 to 24 age group at 15%. The total driver fatalities were 68 in 2014 and 76 in 2015 reflecting a 12% increase.

Twenty one percent of the passenger fatalities in 2014 were in the 30 to 34 age category and the second highest age categories being the 25 to 29 and 35 to 39 both at 12% respectively, whilst the highest number of passenger fatalities reported in 2015 was in the 20 to 24 age group at 23% and the second highest in the 15 to 19 age category’s at 21%. The total passenger fatalities were 42 in 2014 and 48 in 2015 reflecting a 14% increase.

During 2014, the highest number of pedestrian fatalities occurred in the 25 to 29 and 35 to 39 age categories (13%), whilst 12% occurred in the 20 to 24 and 30 to 34 age groups. In 2015 the 30 to 34 age group accounted for 17% of the pedestrian fatalities whilst the 25 to 29 age category accounted for 12% of the pedestrian fatalities. The total pedestrian fatalities were 196 in 2014 and 252 in 2015 reflecting a 29% increase.

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2 2

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Age Group

Passenger Fatalities by Age

2014

2015

11 10 11

2426

2326

18

13

95

7 6 7

18

9

17

28 30

42

2521

1512 12

4

9 10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+

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Age Group

Pedestrian Fatalities by Age

2014

2015

10

Overall, the number of fatalities in 2015 shows an increase in driver, passenger and pedestrian fatalities. The distribution of fatalities by age, however, continues to show that the 15 to 44 age group accounts for a disproportionate share of driver, passenger and pedestrian fatalities. 1.7. Fatalities by Age and Gender

The number of persons killed in collisions in 2013 is shown by age and gender in the accompanying table. There were 392 males versus 103 females killed. Thirty one percent of males killed in traffic collisions in 2013 were both in the 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 age categories, whilst 24% of the females killed were in the 0 to 9 and 20% in the 20 to 29 age categories.

AGE FEMALE MALE UNKNOWN TOTAL

0-9 15 17 1 33

10-19 11 26 1 38

20-29 16 85 1 102

30-39 17 76 0 93

40-49 7 56 1 64

50-59 5 25 0 30

60-69 4 11 0 15

70+ 8 6 0 14

Unknown Age 31 155 39 225

Total 114 457 43 614

15 1116 17

7 5 48

17

26

85

76

56

25

116

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70+

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Age

Fatalities by Age and Gender - 2015

Female

Male

11

In 2015, over 600 fatalities occurred on the roads in eThekwini. Although males account for around half of the population they account for three quarters of these fatalities. However, the majority of male fatalities were between the ages of 20 to 39, displaying a skewed distribution.

The highest number of female driver fatalities during 2015 was in the 30 to 39 age category (33%), whilst the highest number of male driver fatalities were in the 20 to 29 and 40 to 49 age categories (21%). It is however important to note that there was a high percentage of unknown driver fatalities.

Female19%

Male74%

Unknown7%

Fatalities by Age and Gender - 2015

36

0

2

22

15

22

6

1

3

107

4

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0

2

3

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0

0

0

9

0 50 100 150

Unknown

0-9

10-19

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70+

Total

Number of Fatalities

Ag

e G

rou

p

Driver Fatalities by Age and Gender - 2015

Female

Male

12

In 2015 over 400 pedestrian fatalities occurred, accounting for two thirds of all road accident fatalities in eThekwini. Again males accounted for a disproportionately high number of these fatalities.

The highest numbers of female passenger fatalities during 2015 were in the 20 to 29 age category (18%), whilst the highest number of male passenger fatalities was also in the 20 to 29 age category (27%). It is however important to note that there was a high percentage of unknown passenger fatalities.

99

14

17

48

55

30

19

10

3

295

18

14

9

10

12

5

5

3

7

83

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Unknown

0-9

10-19

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70+

Total

Number of Fatalities

Ag

e G

rou

pPedestrian Fatalities by Age and Gender - 2015

Female

Male

20

3

7

15

6

4

0

0

0

55

9

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4

2

2

0

1

1

22

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Unknown

0-9

10-19

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70+

Total

Number of Fatalities

Ag

e G

rou

p

Passenger Fatalities by Age and Gender - 2015

Female

Male

13

1.8. Drivers Involved in Accidents by Age Group

The highest number of accidents involved drivers in the 25 to 34 age category in both 2014 and 2015. 1.9. Trends in Pedestrian Accidents

The high number of pedestrians involved in accidents is a cause for concern, there is on average 15 pedestrian accidents per day and 1 pedestrian killed every day.

1206

9239

15268

15579

12904

11009

8602

7054

5238

3382

2103

1799

1265

8993

14664

14383

12093

10221

8248

6844

5038

3310

2015

1776

0 5000 10000 15000 20000

15 - 19

20 - 24

25 - 29

30 - 34

35 - 39

40 - 44

45 - 49

50 - 54

55 - 59

60 - 64

65 - 69

70+

Number of Accidents

Ag

e G

rou

p

Drivers Involved In Accidents By Age Group

2014

2015

6518

7956760271767223

66876980

101309896

71746406

58485566539355065455

323368

439459

468449

441412

358 383 388432 372

326

328

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Total Pedestrian Accidents in eThekwini: 2000 - 2015

Total Ped. Acc. Fatal Ped. Acc.

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During 2014, 5506 pedestrians were involved in accidents of which 328 died and 1374 were seriously injured. In 2015, 5455 pedestrians were involved in accidents of which 410 pedestrians died and 1533 were seriously injured. 1.10. Age Distribution of Pedestrians involved in Accidents

1.11. Total Pedestrian Casualties

472

449

652

547

320

225

124

68

460

425

707

556

342

222

118

52

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

0-9

10-19

20-29

30-39

40-49

50-59

60-69

70+

Number of Pedestrians

Age

Gro

up

Age Distribution of Pedestrians involved in Accidents

20142015

410

1533

3209

303

328

1374

3539

265

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Deaths

Serious

Slight

No Injuries

Number of Casualties

Total Pedestrian Casualties2014

2015

15

1.12. Pedestrians Killed in Accidents by Vehicle Type-2015

Fifty percent of pedestrians killed were by motor cars, 14% killed were by combi/minibus/minibus taxis and 14% of the pedestrians killed were by light delivery vans during 2015. 1.13. Pedestrians Injured in Accidents by Vehicle Type-2015

MOTOR CAR50%

COMBI/MINIBUS/MINIBUS TAXI

14%

LIGHT DELIVERY VAN

14%

HEAVY COMMERCIAL

VEHICLE6%

BUS2%

UNKNOWN14%

Pedestrians Killed in Accidents by Vehicle Type-2015

MOTOR CAR59%

COMBI/MINIBUS/ MINIBUS TAXI

21%

LIGHT DELIVERY VAN

15%

HEAVY COMMERCIAL

VEHICLE2%

BUS2%

MOTOR CYCLE1%

BICYCLE0%

TRACTOR/ MOBILE

EQUIPMENT/ TRAILER

0%

Pedestrians Injured in Accidents by Vehicle Type-2015

16

Motor cars, combi/minibus/minibus taxi and light delivery vehicles are mostly involved in pedestrian accidents. Fifty nine percent of pedestrians were injured in accidents by motor cars, 21% by combi/minibus/minibus taxi, 15% by light delivery van and 2% by bus. Analysis reveals that 16 percent of the pedestrians involved in accidents were children thereby making them a high-risk category. To reduce the high occurrences of pedestrian accidents and to increase road safety awareness, the ETA has implemented the Road Safety School Awareness campaign at various primary schools within the eThekwini Municipal Area. The programme commenced in 2005 and is ongoing. The School’s Road Safety Campaign aims to educate school children in order to reduce the number of pedestrian accidents occurring in residential areas. This is done via a road safety drama presentation. The Road Safety Drama presentation teaches the correct procedure to follow when crossing the road and when travelling in or alighting from and boarding buses and taxis. This programme is presented in a fun filled manner that is both stimulating and interactive for the learners. Approximately 1.1 million learners have been exposed to the road safety drama presentation thus far with a majority of the schools having been completed.

Total Child Pedestrian accidents have increased by 2% from 149 in 2014 to 152 in 2015. Injury accidents have also increased by 2% from 140 in 2014 to 143 in 2015. Fatal accidents have also increased by 100% from 3 in 2014 to 6 in 2015. 1.14. Vehicle Accidents by Type

The classification of the accident type is based upon the traffic movements leading up to the conflict situation. In 2015, 52% of all accidents in eThekwini were of the same direction accident type whilst the second highest were the reversing/parking accidents which constituted 11% of the total accidents. Vehicle/pedestrian accidents are a cause for concern as they account for the highest number of fatalities.

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Child Pedestrian Accidents on Routes to Schools in Ethekwini:2002-2015

Total Injuries Fatalities

17

2015 TOTAL

ACCIDENTS % OF ALL

FATAL ACCIDENTS

SERIOUS INJURY

ACCIDENTS

Same Direction 34054 52.1% 27 357

Opposite Direction 4685 7.2% 36 225

Right Angle 6532 10.0% 7 176

Reversing/Parking 7339 11.2% 4 38

Fixed Object/Overturning 5692 8.7% 84 313

Vehicle/Pedestrian 5239 8.0% 406 1467

Other 1873 2.9% 7 74

TOTAL 65414 100.0% 571 2650

18

1.15. Accident Type by Day of Week

19

20

2. TRAFFIC VOLUMES 2.1. Traffic Volume Growth

The following table shows the traffic volume growth for the period 2001 through to 2016 in the eThekwini Municipal Area. The figures were derived from two-way counts conducted over a 12 hour period of vehicles accessing the central area of the city.

YEAR CARS TAXIS BUSES HEAVIES

2 WAY TOTAL

VOLUMES

2001 361 011 26 802 6 641 20 190 414 644

2002 366 770 30 357 5 802 20 956 423 885

2003 366 643 30 404 5 231 22 169 424 447

2004 367 641 34 266 5 824 24 800 432 531

2005 384 660 33 846 5 612 26 442 450 560

2006 378 934 32 763 5 431 28 561 445 689

2007 384 212 32 548 5 510 29 669 451 939

2008 376 839 34 187 4 446 29 673 445 145

2009 402 043 36 617 3 108 29 017 470 785

2010 415 149 39 845 4 640 29 548 489 182

2011 386 055 36 448 4 173 30 974 457 650

2012 399 614 37 076 4 230 32 432 473 352

2013 402 220 33 732 4 189 30 682 470 823

2014 405 541 34 970 4 387 29 391 474 289

2015 405 587 37 263 4 213 27 498 474 561

2016 405 632 39 555 4 037 25 604 474 828

21

Traffic volumes in 2016 have decreased by 3% from their peak of 489 182 in 2010 to 474 828 in 2016. This could be attributed to the current challenging economic environment.

Cars86%

Taxis8%

Buses1%

Heavies5%

Traffic Volumes by Vehicle Type (2016)

22

2.2. Top 10 Busiest Signalised Intersections for all Vehicles in eThekwini

RANK LOCATION

12 HOUR VOLUME 06:00 TO

18:00

NUMBER OF

ACCIDENTS (2015)

1 MR94 (M41) and Outer Ring Road (N2) (E) 85 400 63

2 MR94 (M41) and Outer Ring Road (N2) (W) 76 100 86

3 Sandile Thusi Road (M17) and Stalwart Simelane Street (M4)

65 500 194

4 Chris Hani Road (R102) and Riverside Road (M21) 61 800 50

5 Umgeni Road (R102) and Smiso Nkwanyana Road 58 900 138

6 Curnick Ndlovu Highway (M25) and Outer Ring Road (N2) (W)

56 800 73

7 Higginson Highway (M1) and Outer Ring Road (N2) (W) 55 800 71

8 Solomon Mahlangu Drive (M7) and Wakesleigh Road (M10) 53 900 166

9 Umgeni Road (R102) and Sandile Thusi Road (M17) 53 400 119

10 Chris Hani Road (R102) and Sea Cow Lake Road (M21) 52 900 44

2.3. Top 10 Busiest Intersections by Vehicle Type BUSES

RANK LOCATION

12 HOUR VOLUME 06:00 TO

18:00

1 David Webster Street (M4) (R102) and Julius Nyerere Avenue (M4) (R102)

1 679

2 Dr Yusuf Dadoo Street and Charlotte Maxeke Street 1 598

3 Umgeni Road (R102) and St Mathias' Road 1 358

4 Johannes Nkosi Street (R102) and Ingcuce Road (R102) 1 357

5 Johannes Nkosi Street (M4) (R102) and Dr Yusuf Dadoo Street 1 290

6 Market Road (M4) and David Webster Street (M4) 1 288

7 Umgeni Road (R102) and Smiso Nkwanyana Road 1 265

8 Umgeni Road (R102) and Churchill Road 1 259

9 Umgeni Road (R102) and Innes Road 1 253

10 Bram Fischer Road (M4) and Soldiers Way 1 251

23

TAXIS

RANK LOCATION

12 HOUR VOLUME 06:00 TO

18:00

1 David Webster Street (M4) (R102) and Julius Nyerere Avenue (M4) (R102)

15 407

2 Johannes Nkosi Street (M4) (R102) and Julius Nyerere Avenue (M4) (R102)

14 299

3 Josiah Gumede Road (M31) and Anderson Road 14 080

4 Market Road (M4) and David Webster Street (M4) 12 401

5 Market Road (M4) and Johannes Nkosi Street (M4) 12 379

6 Dr Pixley KaSeme Street and Julius Nyerere Avenue 11 897

7 David Webster Street (M4) and Joseph Nduli Street 11 491

8 Bram Fischer Road (M4) and Soldiers Way 11 186

9 Josiah Gumede Road (M31) and Kirk Road 10 940

10 Market Road (M4) and bus link 10 598

HEAVIES

RANK LOCATION

12 HOUR VOLUME 06:00 TO

18:00

1 Solomon Mahlangu Drive (M7) and South Coast Road 9 298

2 Solomon Mahlangu Drive (M7) and Wakesleigh Road (M10)

8 282

3 Solomon Mahlangu Drive (M7) and Outer Ring Road (N2) (E)

8 055

4 South Coast Road and Bayhead Road 7 625

5 M7 and Outer Ring Road (N2) (W) 7 129

6 Bayhead Road (M9) and Belfast Road 7 041

7 Bayhead Road (M9) and Dockyard Road 6 939

8 Bayhead Road (M9) and Trawlers Wharf Road 6 589

9 Solomon Mahlangu Drive (M7) and Recreation Road 6 501

10 Solomon Mahlangu Drive (M7) and Titren Road 6 484