Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 1 Module 12: New Frontiers for Computer Ethics: Cyberspace Introduction Cyberspace and the Concepts of Telepresence and

Ethical and Social...J.M.KizzaEthical and Social...J.M.Kizza 11

Module 12: New Frontiers for Module 12: New Frontiers for Computer Ethics: CyberspaceComputer Ethics: Cyberspace IntroductionIntroduction

Cyberspace and the Concepts of Telepresence and Cyberspace and the Concepts of Telepresence and ImmersionImmersion

Securing CyberspaceSecuring Cyberspace

Intellectual Property Rights in CyberspaceIntellectual Property Rights in Cyberspace

Regulating and Censoring Cyberspace Regulating and Censoring Cyberspace

The Social Value of CyberspaceThe Social Value of Cyberspace

Privacy in CyberspacePrivacy in Cyberspace

Global Cyber EthicsGlobal Cyber Ethics

Cyberspace Lingua FrancaCyberspace Lingua Franca

Global Cyber CultureGlobal Cyber Culture

IntroductionIntroduction

When William Gibson first coined the word cyberspace in his novel When William Gibson first coined the word cyberspace in his novel Neuromancer, he was describing the vision of a three-dimensional Neuromancer, he was describing the vision of a three-dimensional space of pure information consisting of networks of computers space of pure information consisting of networks of computers linking people, machines, and other objects as information sources linking people, machines, and other objects as information sources and sinks. and sinks.

Cyberspace is a global artificial reality environment based on a Cyberspace is a global artificial reality environment based on a global mesh of interconnected computer networks allowing and global mesh of interconnected computer networks allowing and making it possible for anyone using a point of entry device like a making it possible for anyone using a point of entry device like a computer, smartphone, or any other Internetenabled electronic computer, smartphone, or any other Internetenabled electronic device to reach anyone else, with the potential to access the mesh, device to reach anyone else, with the potential to access the mesh, through a one-on-one, one-to-many, and many-to-one through a one-on-one, one-to-many, and many-to-one communication capabilities or through broadcasting via the World communication capabilities or through broadcasting via the World Wide Web. Wide Web.


Cyberspace and the Concepts of Telepresence Cyberspace and the Concepts of Telepresence and Immersionand Immersion

When one is in cyberspace, there is a feeling of being in a location When one is in cyberspace, there is a feeling of being in a location other than where one actually is. other than where one actually is.

This is a notion of telepresence, a feeling one gets of being present This is a notion of telepresence, a feeling one gets of being present at a place other than their true location. at a place other than their true location.

This feeling and sometimes the ability to control a robot or another This feeling and sometimes the ability to control a robot or another device at a distance gives cyberspace and in fact makes device at a distance gives cyberspace and in fact makes cyberspace a virtual environment. Whether in cyberspace or not, cyberspace a virtual environment. Whether in cyberspace or not, telepresence, as a concept, requires that the users’ senses be telepresence, as a concept, requires that the users’ senses be provided with such stimuli as to give the feeling of being in that other provided with such stimuli as to give the feeling of being in that other location. location.


Securing CyberspaceSecuring Cyberspace

Keeping cyberspace users secure is a daunting job that requires Keeping cyberspace users secure is a daunting job that requires advanced detection techniques and prevention methods. advanced detection techniques and prevention methods.

We do this by:We do this by:– Detecting Attacks in CyberspaceDetecting Attacks in Cyberspace– Performing Cyberspace ForensicsPerforming Cyberspace Forensics– Performing Intrusion Detection in CyberspacePerforming Intrusion Detection in Cyberspace



Cyberspace Access Cyberspace Access

Types of cyberspace access (most common)Types of cyberspace access (most common)– Direct connectionDirect connection– Dial up( SLIP, PPP)Dial up( SLIP, PPP)– DSLDSL

Politics of cyberspace accessPolitics of cyberspace access– Digital divide Digital divide

Geography Geography EducationEducationRaceRaceAge Age


Intellectual Property RightsIntellectual Property Rights

Internet paradox – Internet technology Internet paradox – Internet technology requires fast access, maximum requires fast access, maximum compatibility in service and low costs:compatibility in service and low costs:

Mass access creates competitionMass access creates competition

Much of what is moved on the Internet is Much of what is moved on the Internet is intellectual property, therefore, protected by intellectual property, therefore, protected by intellectual property laws and statutes- intellectual property laws and statutes-

fosters monopoly.fosters monopoly.


Regulating and Cyberspace Regulating and Cyberspace CensorshipCensorship

Reasons for Internet censorship:Reasons for Internet censorship:Terrorism Terrorism HistoricalHistoricalSocialSocialPoliticalPoliticalCulturalCulturalEconomicEconomic

Internet censorship is expensive:Internet censorship is expensive:Highly specialized and rich graphics that require latest Highly specialized and rich graphics that require latest equipmentequipmentNeed for highly trained people to do the jobNeed for highly trained people to do the job


Cyberspace Censorship…Cyberspace Censorship…

Internet convergence, one-fits-all, a combo of Internet convergence, one-fits-all, a combo of telecommunication, broadcasting and computer telecommunication, broadcasting and computer servicesservicesChanging nature of material and content Changing nature of material and content

Lack of internationally accepted judicial Lack of internationally accepted judicial systemssystemsTransient nature of membership of Transient nature of membership of cyberspace -cyberzenscyberspace -cyberzensLack of allegiance Lack of allegiance


Cyberspace Censorship…Cyberspace Censorship…

Measures being undertaken:Measures being undertaken:– LegislationLegislation– Self-regulationSelf-regulation– Hotlines/advocacyHotlines/advocacy– EducationEducation


Privacy in CyberspacePrivacy in Cyberspace

Individual privacy under attack through Individual privacy under attack through electronic monitoring, surveillance, electronic monitoring, surveillance, transmission, scanning and tappingtransmission, scanning and tapping

Also more efficient means of collecting, Also more efficient means of collecting, categorizing, and sorting datacategorizing, and sorting data


Cyberspace Security Cyberspace Security

Security of information in two areas:Security of information in two areas:– At the server At the server

FirewallsFirewalls

– During transmissionDuring transmissionEncryption Encryption

AuthenticationAuthentication


Global Ethical StandardsGlobal Ethical Standards

Chances of an emergence of a global Chances of an emergence of a global ethical standardethical standard– Conflicting global ideologies:Conflicting global ideologies:

PoliticsPolitics

ReligionReligion

– Deferring global culturesDeferring global cultures– Small Internet etiquettes – beginning to get Small Internet etiquettes – beginning to get

globalglobal


Global Lingua FrancaGlobal Lingua Franca

The emergence of a global lingua francaThe emergence of a global lingua franca

Major languages:Major languages:EnglishEnglish

FrenchFrench

GermanGerman

RussianRussian

ChineseChinese

Factors influencing growth of a global language:Factors influencing growth of a global language:CommerceCommerce

MilitaryMilitary


Global Cyber CultureGlobal Cyber Culture

International migration and travelsInternational migration and travelsCyber communities observing certain culturesCyber communities observing certain culturesFactors influencing the growth of global culture:Factors influencing the growth of global culture:

CommerceCommerceMilitaryMilitaryMigrationsMigrations

Factors working against growth of global culture:Factors working against growth of global culture:Ideologies (political, religious)Ideologies (political, religious)Differing culturesDiffering culturesmistrustmistrust

Documents

Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 1 Module 12: New Frontiers for Computer Ethics: Cyberspace Introduction Cyberspace and the Concepts of Telepresence and