eTHICAL RESEARCH
eTHICAL RESEARCHSUBMITTED TO:MR.RAJA AHMED
SUBMITTED BY:MUHAMMAD IRFANROLL:2784
SEMESTER: 6TH
PROGRAMME:B.B.A (HONS)
DEPARTMENT:MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
Table of Contents
RESEARCH ETHICS....1
WHY RESEARCH ETHICS ARE IMPORTANT1
CODES AND POLICIES FOR RESEARCH
ETHICS2HONESTY.....2OBJECTIVITY...2INTEGRITY...2CAREFULNESS...2OPENNESS...2RESPECT
FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY....2CONFIDENTIALITY..3RESPONSIBLE
PUBLICATION....3RESPONSIBLE MENTORING...3RESPECT FOR
COLLEAGUES...3SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY..3NON-DISCRIMINATION...3COMPETENCE.3LEGALITY...3ANIMAL
CARE.4HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION...4BIBLIOGRAPHY..4
What are research Ethics?Research ethics are a set of principles
about how researchers and research organizations should conduct
themselves when dealing with research participants, other
researchers and colleagues, the users of their research and society
in general. Particularly relevant to the social sciences are ethics
associated with projects involving human participants, including
conducting surveys, focus groups and the use of secondary
data.Typical considerations include: Recruiting study participants
and informed consent. Keeping data secure and confidential. Making
procedures, methods and findings transparent so that they can be
assessed Safety and risk.Consult guidelines and codes of conduct
relevant to the research being conducted.
Why are research ethics important?It is important to conduct
research in line with ethical standards for a number of reasons: In
order to respect and cause no harm to the participants as a sign of
respect for other researchers and those who will use the
research.
It is a professional requirement particularly in some
disciplines and failure to do so may result in disciplinary
procedures.
It is a requirement to obtain funding.
Failing to conduct research ethically could be embarrassing or
result in research (or the researcher) being dismissed or rejected
by the research community.
Research involving human beings, including using questionnaires
and focus groups, must be passed by an Ethics Committee whose job
it is to confirm that the research conforms to a set of ethical
guidelines.If ethics are considered, this should make sure that the
work is acceptable to the research community and other users of the
research results.
Codes and Policies for Research Ethics
HonestyStrive for honesty in all scientific communications.
Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and
publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent
data. Do not deceive colleagues, granting agencies, or the
public.ObjectivityStrive to avoid bias in experimental design, data
analysis, data interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions,
grant writing, expert testimony, and other aspects of research
where objectivity is expected or required. Avoid or minimize bias
or self-deception. Disclose personal or financial interests that
may affect research.IntegrityKeep your promises and agreements; act
with sincerity; strive for consistency of thought and
action.CarefulnessAvoid careless errors and negligence; carefully
and critically examine your own work and the work of your peers.
Keep good records of research activities, such as data collection,
research design, and correspondence with agencies or
journals.OpennessShare data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be
open to criticism and new ideas.Respect for Intellectual
PropertyHonor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual
property. Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without
permission. Give credit where credit is due. Give proper
acknowledgement or credit for all contributions to research. Never
plagiarize.
ConfidentialityProtect confidential communications, such as
papers or grants submitted for publication, personnel records,
trade or military secrets, and patient records.Responsible
PublicationPublish in order to advance research and scholarship,
not to advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative
publication.Responsible MentoringHelp to educate, mentor, and
advise students. Promote their welfare and allow them to make their
own decisions.Respect for colleaguesRespect your colleagues and
treat them fairly.Social ResponsibilityStrive to promote social
good and prevent or mitigate social harms through research, public
education, and advocacy.Non-DiscriminationAvoid discrimination
against colleagues or students on the basis of sex, race,
ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their
scientific competence and integrity.CompetenceMaintain and improve
your own professional competence and expertise through lifelong
education and learning; take steps to promote competence in science
as a whole.LegalityKnow and obey relevant laws and institutional
and governmental policies.
Animal CareShow proper respect and care for animals when using
them in research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed
animal experiments.Human Subjects ProtectionWhen conducting
research on human subjects, minimize harms and risks and maximize
benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and autonomy; take
special precautions with vulnerable populations; and strive to
distribute the benefits and burdens of research fairly.
Bibliography
http://www.methods.manchester.ac.uk/resources/ethics/importance/index.shtmlhttp://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/
David B. Resnik, JD, Ph.D.(Bioethicist and NIEHS IRB Chair)
