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Ethics and Structure
Objective 1.02
Ethics
Ethics: deciding what is a right or wrong action in a reasoned, impartial mannerMorality: involves the values that govern society’s attitude toward right and wrongEthics are based around the following basics:
Feelings and Opinions The Greatest Good The Golden Rule Consequential Reasoning Rule-based reasoning
Feelings and Opinions
Ethics are viewed as how a person feels about a certain situation
Ethics may also be based on what opinions are expressed about certain situations
The Greatest Good
The idea is that must people will base their opinion of ethics based on how a certain situation affects the greatest amount of people
The more good that result, the more ethical the action taken
The more bad the result, the less ethical the action taken
The Golden Rule
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
The heart of the golden rule is empathy
Empathy: putting yourself in the other person’s position
Consequential Reasoning
Takes a look at the consequences of the action before making a decision on what way to act
Looks at alternative actions and it gives the final outcome of each action
Rule-based Reasoning
Makes a decision based on majority vote
Sometimes it is not the most ethical decision
Based around the U.S. Constitution
U.S. Legal Systems
The U.S. Legal System is based upon the Constitution, where laws are created and amended. The basis for the Constitution is to protect human rights.
Our legal system is based upon three levels of government: Judicial: Led by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court decides if
the law being made is constitutionally correct. Legislative: Led by Congress. Congress is made up of the Senate and
the House of Representatives. The Senate consists of two members from every state. The House of Representatives consists of members based on their population.
Executive: Led by the President. Elected by vote of the people
International Legal Systems
The Adversarial System (each side to a dispute presents its arguments for and against the issues involved, and victory goes to the party that persuades the judge or jury to their side) is one legal focus of the American people. This system is not shared by other countries. In other countries, many in Western Europe, support the fact-finding approach (victory is the primary objective).In many other countries, the court system is tied in with the legislative and executive branches. Many countries use religion as a basis for the law, such is the case in Saudi Arabia, where Muslim and the law are tied together.