ETHICS in SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHN. Yasemin YALIM, MD. PhDProfessor of BioethicsAnkara University School of Medicine

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

RESEARCH*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

A structured work, consists of the development of methods for producing, testing and evaluation of knowledge,

in order to improve and contribute to the generalizable knowledge.

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

RESEARCH in ENGINEERING*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

An engineering research is a professional study in the fields of Engineering,and the general purpose of it is not to solve the immediate practical problems, but to take advantage of the newly created knowledge for the future.It is important not to forget the experimental nature of engineering paradigms in general.

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

STEPS of a SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Planning

Application

Publication

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

PLANNING *Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Determining research subject

Selecting research question

Deciding about the method

Subject recruitment

Financial support

Confidentiality

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

RESEARCH QUESTION*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Time allotted

Financial sources

Human resources

Labor

Scientifically significantExpected outcomes must be important

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

DETERMINING the METHOD*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Scientific validity

Appropriateness for the question

Applicability

Trofim Lisenko

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

IDENTIFYING RESEARCH SUBJECTS*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Adequate number

Voluntariness

First the least vulnerable groups (e.g. scientists, academics etc.)

Last the most vulnerable groups (e.g. immigrants, prisoners etc.).[Hans Jonas]

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

FINANCIAL SUPPORT*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Government funds

Private sector funds

Research funds (University, NGOs etc.)

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

RELIABILITY*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Who owns the data?

Which terms of confidentiality is in effect?

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

PUBLICATION

BASIC SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE is a publication, which (1) consists of the results of an original research, (2) in a format that enables other scientists to repeat the tests conducted and to assess the results and (3) published in a periodical or in another scientific literature that is easily accessible for the scientific community.*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

is the last step of every scientific study. It is subject to definite rules and a certain structure. Besides informing the scientific community about the results, the ends of these rules are to enable the colleague scientists to check, use and reproduce the knowledge.

*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

A GOOD SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE

should have Correct information

Appropriate presentation*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

CORRECT INFORMATION

Dry LabPruningNormalizationPlagiarismPiracySalamization

*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*Hwang Woo-Suk

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

TERMS

Dry Lab: Publishing the results of research that has not been done

Pruning: Manipulating the data by declaring the results which support the hypothesis

Normalization: Manipulating the data in order to achieve statistically more accurate results

Plagiarism: Publishing someone elses article as a whole or partially

Piracy: Using someone elses results or ideas without referring to him/her

Salamization: Dividing the data into smaller sections and publishing them seperately

*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

APPROPRIATE PRESENTATION

WritersTitleAbstractsMethodsDiscussionReferencesAcknowledgements

*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

WRITERS

The one who finds the question

The one who puts the hypothesis

The one who creates the method

The one who writes the article*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Routine lab works

Statistical analysis

Mentorship

Translation

do not deserve authorship.

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

TITLES & ABSTRACTS

Title should reflect the content

Slogan-like titles are unscientific

Abstracts should contain the results

A scientific article is not a popular novel in which the mystery will be solved at the end.

*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

METHODS

is the most important part of a scientific paper and should be well written.

No hiding or distortion is allowed.

*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

REFERENCES

The writer should personally see all the material he/she refer to.

shows a direct quote.

Self-reference (continuous); referring to foreign writers while overlooking the local studies are inappropriate.

Arrogance is also unethical in science.

*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM

TAKE HOME MESSAGES*Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM*

Research activities are regulated by international, national and institutional (local) rules.

It is O.K. to err in science, but being unethical or immoral is a great dishonor for a scientist.

Scientific publication is the last step of a scientific study and the ethical status of a scientific paper is important for the entire scientific community.

All scientists have the responsibility of investigating the ethical basis of a scientific paper, either as a writer, an editor, a reviewer or a reader.

No scientific achievement is more valuable than a single human life (or suffering)

Prof. Dr. Neyyire Yasemin YALIM