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Ethics, The Precautionary Principle, and Our Future. “Out of Harm’s Way: Preventing Toxic Threats to our Children’s Health” October 15, 2005 Spokane, WA. Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT www.asmalldoseof.org. CHE-WA – PP working group. CHE-WA – PP working group - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A Small Dose of Toxicology Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05
Ethics, The Precautionary Principle, and Our Future
“Out of Harm’s Way: Preventing Toxic Threats to our Children’s Health”
October 15, 2005Spokane, WA
Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABTwww.asmalldoseof.org
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
CHE-WA – PP working group
More Information on Precautionary Principle
See: www.asmalldoseof.org -- smdose
CHE-WA – PP working grouphttp://washington.chenw.org/PPgroup.html
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
NW Public Health
See: http://healthlinks.washington.edu/nwcphp/nph/
nwph
Public Health and the Precautionary
Principle
By Steven G. Gilbert
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Ethical Perspective
Public Health, Ethics and the Precautionary Principle – Its
Matter of Policy NOT Resources
And Externalized Costs
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Child Health
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
“Conditions that ensure that all living things have the best opportunity to reach and maintain their full genetic potential.”
S. Gilbert (1999)
Environmental & Human Health
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Developmental Data
2863 above 1 Million pounds
78.2% no data
21.4% some data
12 or 0.4% good data
www.preventingharm.org
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Nearly 12 million children (17%) under age 18 in the US suffer from one or more developmental disabilities
Learning disabilities – 5-10% of kids in public school
ADHD – 3-6% of all school kids, maybe higher
The Consequences
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
"A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise." -
Aldo Leopold, 1949, A Sand County Almanac
The First Bioethicist
---------- 1887 - 1948 ----------
Aldo Leopold
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
“An ethic, ecologically, is a limitation on freedom of action in the struggle for
existence”Aldo Leopold
Limits on Freedom
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
“The Commons”
The Tragedy of the CommonsBy Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Technical Solutions
“It is our considered professional judgment that
this dilemma has no technical solution.”
The Tragedy of the CommonsBy Garrett Hardin, Science, 1968
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Problems – Solutions?
Lead and kids Fetal alcohol syndrome Nuclear disarmament Bioterrorism Ocean Fisheries Persistent chemicals The Commons
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
“When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment,
precautionary measures should be take even if some cause and effect relationships are not
fully established scientifically.”
Wingspread Conference, 1998.
Precautionary Principle
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
FDA regulations of Drugs (1938) FDA regulations of Dietary
Supplements (Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA))
Ephedra present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury (Dec, 2003)
Safety & Efficacy vs Harm
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
• Taking preventive action in the face of uncertainty
• Shifting the burden of proof/responsibility to the proponents of an activity
• Exploring a wide range of alternatives to possibly harmful actions
• Increasing public participation in decision making
Wingspread Conference, 1998.
Central components
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Seattle Precautionary Principle - White Paper
A Policy Framework for Adopting the Precautionary Principle
Seattle PP Working Group
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
City Comprehensive Plans• Every citizen of Seattle has an equal right
to a healthy and safe environment. • Seattle sees the Precautionary Principle
approach as its policy framework to develop laws for a healthier and more just Seattle.
Seattle PP working group
Seattle Initiative
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
• Seattle Precautionary Principle White Paper (www.asmalldoseof.org)
• Inclusion of PP in Comp Plan Environment Element
(http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/Planning/Seattle's_Comprehensive_Plan/DPD_001178.asp) Link
Result of Effort
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
“Protecting Public Health by Adopting the Precautionary Principle as an Approach to Decision Making”
Resolution Submitted to Washington State Public Health Association
WSPHA Resolution
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
California
San Francisco Precautionary Purchasing Ordinance - June 2005
Resolution of the Marin county board of supervisors
“A resolution to continue to incorporate the precautionary principle in county operations.” Oct 2004
Oregon
Multnomah County, OR Resolution - September 2004 New York State Legislation - April 2005 Bill A07256 “To protect public health and the environment by establishing
a precautionary policy for state and local governments in New York State.” Bill A07257 “To establish a preference for the purchase of commodities,
services, and technologies by the State of New York that minimize
potential adverse impacts on public health and the environment.”
States in the US
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Kids-Safe Chemicals Act of 2005U.S. Senators Frank Lautenberg
Update the Toxic Substances Control Act
Toxic chemicals must be tested
Focus on Prevention
US Government Effort
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Agreement Respecting Canada-wide Standards for Dioxins and Furans: Steel Manufacturing Electric Arc Furnaces
Pollution Prevention Strategy“In keeping with the Precautionary Principle as set out as guidance in the Canada-wide Standards Sub-agreement, and in consideration of the CWS principles of sound science, technical feasibility and socio-economic impacts, …..”http://www.ec.gc.ca/CEPARegistry/notices/NoticeText.cfm?intNotice=159&intDocument=939
Canada and PP
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
REACH -- Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals
The two most important aims are to improve protection of human health and the environment from the hazards of chemicals and enhance the competitiveness of the EU chemicals industry.
The Commission’s White Paper on the Strategy for a future Chemicals Policy was adopted in on 13 February 2001.
A Precautionary approach
REACH-European Union
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
REACH -- Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals
Initially regulate High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals - produced or imported above 1,000 metric tons.
Total world wide production of chemicals 400 million metric tons per year or $1.6 Trillion
To be introduced into European Parliament late this year.
REACH
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
WA State – Resolution at WA State Public Health Association
WA State - expand recognition of PP at City, State, and County Level
Gain National recognition for a precautionary approach in decision making regarding human and environmental health
PP Next Steps
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
How You Can Get Involved
• Join National CHE - www.cheforhealth.org• CHE-NW/CHE-WA coordinator:
Elise Miller, MEd, Executive Director
Institute for Children’s Environmental Health
[email protected] www.chenw.org
• PP Working Group: Steven G. Gilbert, [email protected]
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
The Potential of Children
A Small Dose of Toxicology Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05
Additional Information
The Science and Environmental Health Network (SEHN) (www.sehn.org)
Late lessons from early warnings: the precautionary principle 1896-2000 – European Environment Agency (free)
Garrett Hardin - The Tragedy of the Commons (Science, 1968)
Ethical, legal, and social issues: our children's future. Steven G. Gilbert. Neurotoxicology, 26/4 pp 521-530, 2005.
Public Health and the Precautionary Principle. Steven G. Gilbert. NW Public Health, Spring 2005. http://healthlinks.washington.edu/nwcphp/nph/
A Small Dose of Toxicology Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05
Ethics and the Precautionary Principle
Questions or Comments?
Download Presentation from www.asmalldoseof.org
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Authorship Information
For Additional Information ContactSteven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT
E-mail: [email protected]: www.asmalldoseof.org
This presentation is supplement to “A Small Dose of Toxicology”
Ethics & Prec Prin 10/15/05 A Small Dose of Toxicology
Socially Responsible