The Breakup of Yugoslavia

Ethnic Makeup

Ethnic Makeup Religious MakeupBosnia 48% Bosniak 40% Muslim

37% Serb 31% Orthodox Christian14.3% Croat 15% Catholic

 Croatia 89.6% Croat 88% Catholic

4.5% Serb 4.4% Orthodox Christian1.3% Muslim

 Serbia 83% Serb 85% Serbian Orthodox

4% Hungarian 5.5% Catholic1.4% Romany 3.2% Muslim1.1% Yugoslav1.1% Bosniak

 Macedonia 64% Macedonian 65% Macedonian Orthodox

25% Albanian 33% Muslim3.9% Turk

Ethnic MakeupEthnic Makeup Religion

Montenegro 43% Montenegrin Religious data not available

32 % Serbian8% Bosniak5% Albania

Kosovo 88% Albanians 90% Muslim8% Kosovo Serbs Serbian Orthodox4% other ethnic groups. Roman Catholic

Slovenia 83% Slovene 58% Roman Catholic

2% Serb 2% Muslim2% Croat 2%

Orthodox1%Bosnian12% Other or undeclared

History• Many ethnic groups and religions

were brought together Serbs- Serbian Orthodox (Christian) Bosniak- Muslim Croat- Christian- Catholic Slovene- Christian- Catholic Albanian (Kosovo)- Muslim

Name was changed to Yugoslavia- “land of the Slavs”

During WWII, Germany

invaded• Bosnia and Croatia killed 400,000

Serbs (genocide)

History- Tito’s Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito- became dictator of

Yugoslavia (communist)- forced Germany out• Promoted Yugoslav nationalism• Brought political stability• Suppressed ethnic tensions• Died in 1980

Yugoslavia Begins to Crumble

After Tito’s death- leadership rotated between presidents of the republics in Yugoslavia- Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia• Wanted to help their own republics at the

expense of Yugoslavia as a whole• Economic instability- foreign debt

Slobodan Milosevic 1986- Slobodan Milosevic

(Serb) came to power• Promoted Serbian nationalism

and the creation of a Greater Serbia- offended non-Serbs

1990’s Led to declarations of independence, War in Croatia, War in Bosnia, and War in Kosovo

War in Croatia Hostilities led to

war• Yugoslav’s Army

supported Serbs- took control of 1/3 of Croatia and killed many Croats

• UN negotiated a cease fire in 1992

• 1995- Croatia independent

War in Bosnia After declaration of

independence, Serbs (large minority) launched a war to stop it

Ethnic cleansing- Serbs killed Bosnians and Croats- tried to eliminate ethnic group

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization- military alliance) began air strikes against Serbs

1995- Bosnia independent

War in Kosovo Milosevic tried to gain

complete control of Kosovo and wipe out non- Serb ethnic groups- mainly Albanian here

1998- ethnic cleansing escalated- U.S., U.K. and others imposed economic sanctions- didn’t stop killings

1999- NATO launched air strikes- led to a peace treaty

Declared independence in 2008 from Serbia- only 85 countries recognize it; Serbia does not

WHY DID YUGOSLAVIA BREAK APART?