Pi - inc ipa l cc\nsl;ltants: &,or Geneial 13. ; I . Sawbricige, Chief of Special Lervicgs, Thezter

Service Forcc ;~ ,&wopeean Theater. Colonel 1,. l i . fryers, C i l i d of Trans9ortntion Section, Theater

Lnnerai Board. Colonel T. I;. hiloy, , , s s i s t a n t kC of 3 , A-L, United.S t a t e s AmyAir F o ~ c r sin Zuro;x,

CO.i.onel J , A. luorrel, hssista,it AC of 3 , Gl,Pkeater Ser\rice Forces, duro,,e:in Thecter

Captain f i d ~ a r d1,9tl!lUl, ASS ist a n t Special Services Officer, Theater Cenernl Board.

SUBJST

Chapter 1: Leaves and Furlou&iis, iiotation and Temporary Duty for He1x1bilit ation, Hecuperetion and Recovery i n t h e Zone of t he I n t e r i b r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 'L

Chaptsr 2: Leave Centers, Recreatioiial Areas and Hcst b u s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Section 1- 4 a v e Ceriters and Recreational ~ r e a 3 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Section 2 - h s t Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Chapter 3 : Trauspor ta t io i l for h a v e and Recrea t iana l Ac t iv i . t i e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1;:

Chapter 4: Conclusions arid Recotimendatisns , , , , . . , 13

iippendic os :

2. Informal Loutin6 S l i p headqusrters . i k + e U r i Theater of Operations fi-an G-i t o CC W.viera L w v e C e c t w t tciutsci 24 October 1944.

3 . i ixtract f rom Amrican Ked Cross Fact Yindi:ii Survey, 25 October 1945.

4. Letter headquarters 2i Army Group, 21 A Gp/3747/23/A(PS2)V r i v i l e g e k a v e on t lie ContincrttIt 1 2 February 1 4 1 ~ 5 ,

5. Letter headquarters 12 wir,y Group , 220,711.(CC) "Hotation of Cmibat ;Soldiers", U Larch 1945,

6 . Menorandwc Headquarters 1 2 f irmy Grou;! t o Brigadier (>enersi C~lIHare l l i i i r Transportation I'or Leavc Purposes11 10 &rch 15/45,

lliz G.;lldLhL B(II\HUUnited S ta tes Forces, Zuropesn Theater

APSl 4OG

1. C-ersral. tiuthorizi-a wtrids o i px;:ittj.p.g i..iiitar;- Garscr;nil on duty i n the Theater t o h a v e it ixr,+oraril; i o r varied5 ;ur$csos d ~ i * i n &t h e paricd of ac t ive opJratio9s :w:-e;

.kmy Xcpulatiors 615-275,

a . Leaves am! Furioul;hs,

b. !totatinn.

c . Teqorary D u t y f w Keliabiiitstion, hecuperation and He-. c o w r y ,

2 . a . ro i icy cn Lodve:; anti b'urlou;;hs. Leaves and furlou&he a s contemplated by 4rqy Begulotions tO5-sl5, -:Id were necessa r i ly greati.,' cur ta i led i n t ka Theater aurin, tiik period of active oporatiun6 . Thc m*i,ent :iacci of :nai.,tairiinb ir.i..ecliateiy a v a i l - a b l e isnpower . i d the equaiiy :tr;ent iiecassity far cctisorviai tracspor-t a t i o n space fraa tiie uni1.m: S t a t e s c ~ i u e c ti.* ado,-tioc c f E ;>olicy re-strictivj the Grantins 01 even eiiiergency leaves 2nd furlou!:!,s f o r trie purpcee of visit im; t::e Zorie of ti:e Lf!terior t o thw= cases ii i;tFcii it ap,:ssred t h a t tho pr .ase~zoof tno k d i v i d u a i kollld save or proiong a l i f e , or alloviate2actu;l l family iiardsllip, cs;>eciall:r vitwre sriiali ci i i l- &en were involveri. I n exceptional cases indivll!uals were re turned f o r s h o r t periods d tenpor8ry duty a t t h a conciu ion of v&ich iea-ie ior a. n i " m perid of 30 days IVRS given. The usual leneth of S U C ~laave &ranted by the Zuro,>ean Tiiwtu- virs ten days.

h. i.rocadure KI~IL!-Opcration. Requests f o r eicer~ency l eaves and fu r loq ! i s w i g h a t i % w, zhu Thiiater :iert! forxmded, ?:it11 support- . ing data, t i rough ct,anneis t o fiendquarters, Z;yrqmn Thcster , .;il..+re final actiotl vas taken, App1ic;ltions originating i n t t e Zone of t h z Interim. requcstinG t h a t r . i l i t a ry personnel s e r v i w overseas be r e t a i ? -ad to t h e Lrllitsci s t a t a s bec;use o f iii" i n ti;- f x i i y , 3 ~ 'for Jt!:;r l-easons rriiich .,.+ok;d I;,ive juc; t i f ieci an e;.lcrgency fiiriou;,h ii Gh.: i n d i v i -Guai 11;::: bneii duty 1'1the uniteu dtates, were fort:aruea by t h e .:ar &pytr:.e,-,l; t o the appropplatc ovsrseas cowmder >:it11 i n s t ruc t ions t o r e p o r t y , h a t ac t inr i .,:as tal.eL1. 13 ~oi , , eccses tilase instructio!is from the !;al. b l ; a r w n t .,:ere ,;isccnsLruail 21s di rec t ives reqtArLig, a f i i r m t i v e ac t ion , a& C ~ S C Soccurred of so ld ie rs being returnadwi-in the ac t t t a i circurrstaficos did no t j u s t i fy it. To avoid such occurrences t h e prac- t i c e wils inaugurated, h Ju ly 1944, of advising ind iv idua ls suh I5 t t i ng ouc!~ requests t o sontac t t h e i o c a l chapter of the Anerican Bed Cross.

- 1 -

That organization then W Q t o investigate the f ac t s si ti:i case subnut tl repor t , throueh its own channeis, ts the cverseas co&::caier. tiowever, c m p l a i n t s were receiveu froni the families of servi_ce per- sonnel r-iaimjng t h a t t h e i r requests were not being adi:quatel: handled. It developed t h a t there had been f a i iu re s t o ndif; , t h e fed Cross of t h e ac t ion taken on requests submitted through it, and spoc i f i c d i rec- t i ves were then issued requi r ing u n i t cofixi.anders t o advise tileir a;:.eri-can Red Cross representatives proniptiy vhen a Becisiol! vias reached on an app i i ca t ion f o r enwgency leave or fu r lou ih t

3 . Rotation is t h e term used for a !r,utuei exchzn5,e sf porsoni le ibetween an overseas confiiand and t!ie Zone of the In t e r io r , R S authorize(.; i n O b c u l a r Number 5C, Departmnt, 9 February 1944. in p- inc ip le , rep lacemi i t s a r e on ths b a s h of individual f o r in&ividualand, r i s n ;lraCtiCoblQ, grade for s a d e and specialty f o r spociait:. &cause 3f the na ture of the operations i n t h e Euro,+ea!i ’il!eater ar.d tke c r i t i c a l . s i t u a t i o n w i t h res ,pc t t o t ranspor t space fron. t h e United d t a t e s , 1-0-tatj.on W E I S not put i n t o e f f e c t f o r tho Theater Curing t h e casipeigq, aryl t h e only personsreturned t o t h e Zar: of the In t e r io r , exc lus ive of a i r -c rew persomiel, wl*e off icers vha were re tcmed f a r s r e c i f i c assi;n- mnts.

a . gcture an6 :>>-, (1) T h i s ivab a a.ei;k:ffi aathorizcd uccier 4ate of 27 Iroveirbcr

194 by liead.,uarters, 3;uropcan Tiieater 02 + e r a t i x s , by n:iich i dUOlS col!lG k r e t u n e & to tile bniteci b t a t t s l o r Cef in i ta p e r i o k , ;;iTbL-out re, i iacemnt J ~ L I retur:t tce i t h e r with or xithaut coiitei:l?intim o i t h e i r u n i t s . It was iritcndcd t o s u p p i e n m t t he ro ta t ion pc.iic;, and d id provide a meatas by xhicli person:iel scheciuisi fur indef in i te receatior: CA the Theater night be g!Lveii an opportunity t o return !m2 teu;oL*ariiy. Pndividusls selected were t o be returned t o ttle bnite6 s t a t e s f o r a 30-day period of recuperatioil. The f i r s t croup .!as ossex.biud a t the ?;;,?ro-p r i a t e replacement depot b;! 5 Decel:!ber 1%4. Frtr;; tAe replacenent deliots individuais were sent t o a p o r t of eJrharhatiOn f o r t ranspor ta t ion t o tt!e recept ion s t a t ion m a r e s t t o t h e place selected by t h e ind iv idua l as t he place where he desired t o spmu the period of i ~ i Stei:pWs1*j’ duty . Upon exp i ra t ion of the pe,riod the individual re t imet i t o tk recept icn s t a t i o n for return t o hki proper overseas s ta t ion .

“he l .?q , t i i of tl!..e an individarcl wouiZ be absent f r o 3(2)h i s unit unrler t h i s s p t c i i was esl;ir.:ated a t ebiut three I::onths, depcnciing upon t h e ava i l ab i l i t y of t r anspor t a tbn , basad u?on the 3cday p e r i d of t e iyo ra ry duty oricinall: contei!.plated. That ?or:. od :.;as increased, hos-. ever , t o 45 &ys af rec t j vo 14 k r c h 2.945, it I!nvi!!& been decide6 bjr t ’ et:Lar Department tha t tlic 30-day period of recuperation 11as inadequate.

h. B a s i s of Selection.

(1) Under or ig i -ml instructions iiidivicluals vere e l i i i u l e for temporary duty f m rehab i l i t a t ion , i.ecuparation and rocevery, i f f au i ; l g wi th in the follp.! . : : int ,categsriea arid i n orcier of p i o r i t y as given:

( a ) pirsons twice hospitalized f O r aOUn~S.

(b) Persons twicz deccratod for. bravery.

(c ) laersons w i t h m e r s ix ~~ionthsserv ice i n conbat areas w!,o coula present ailec;uclta ;.roof of erier-gency s i tua t ions a t hoiri roquirir& t h a i r presence.

- 2 -

- 3 -

- h -

g I n i t i a l l y inc!ivid uds were deskna ked f o r temporary dutyf o r rehabi l i ta t ion , recuperation ard recovery on a combined basis of ler,gtl? a: service i n cordmt sregs, wounds incurred, decorations fo r bravery avrardod and emrgeticy home condi t ions , Later greater l a t i t u d e m a n ~ l o w e u ,and C O i i h C f a t i g u e in t h e cases of individuais i n un i t s in :-,uGitualc losc cantact with th enekiy was emphasized.

11, In order t o provide against deplet ion of f ront line combat units v i t h o u t replacement, d i v i s i c n c o m n d e r s were given a u t h o r i t y in rmst C L : S ~ Sto tra;lsfer indiv iduals selected for temjmrary recuperat ion duty t o other units hndcr their coiwmds up to previuus ly authorizeti over-$trsnCth l i i id to i n t h e l a t t e r u n i t s . Indivicuals SG transferred i:ere r:ot returned t o their o r ig ina l u n i t s upor1 terminat ion of lA-ae tempo--rsry dctj? exce$ a t t11;~i.row. rque:ts.

2.

3 .

4 .

5.

6.

7.

6 .

Persotin1 l e t t e r , B r i p d i e r & n a r d G'Harc, LC or" S, G-1, 12 hn,y

Opurations , G Dccocbzr 1544. Croup t o Colonel J. i.. Frnney, kC of S , C-1, -curo:*eer. 7hcttc.r 01

9 .

1G.

- 6 -

CHAF'TZFi 2

- 7 -

- 8 -

il. Ground ForcLc.

- 9 -

d. Personmi .

(1) r'indin, cmpe ten t psraonnei fo r avertwad aurposes was one of flie mjo r p rob lem encountered. Various n.ethcds were used t o sn lve it. For the l a q e r a r e a s an entire ccmpany c r b a t t e r y was used. I n o t h r ins tances a t a c t i c a l 6 m u p hcadqar tprs ~ i a s ussd. Sone c o w :n"erz requi red the u s i n t u n i t s t o furiiiSh t!io administrative s t a f f , while o thers s e l ec t ed personnel who were near "bat t le ex.haustirn" Snr t h i s duty. For e f f i c i e n t operation, t h e use of a n en t i re u n i t Yjasfound i n o s t s a t i s f s c t o r y , but the one @;ratdisadvantage of t!iis p lan was tho l i a b i l i t y of tl;J un i t t c reassi-nt by hi{Jer licadcLuarters, thereby interrupting the e f f i c i e n t opa ra t iw of tire camp. It provided cont inui ty in operdtion but d ive r t ed ::ulitary persox!el frci:. t h t . i r p r i -w r y mission. its a r d a s viers developed, i n c r r a s i q usc ivos inada of local c iv i l l a r , l ebor viliich, a f te r , t h e c i v i l i a n l a b o r \ws t r a ined , k r e a t i y ies. . sened tle dra in cn ariqy p r s o n t i s i .

(2 ) I n addi t ion t o t h c necessary ovl>rhead Jc tac l inrn t , it was fOl.tiid desirable t o Iuve t h e f o i l o h y ; perscmisi: s p e c i a i s e r v i c e , army c?.chan;,e se rv ice , Reeiiicai dspartrxnt , quarte;easter, chap la in , arr8qy pasta1 serv ice , and kiaorican tkd Cross poi-soriiiel t o opcrat,c ' on - s i t e ' ked C r x s c lubs .

e. Supily.

(1) S p e c i a i s e rv i ce suppiies were always iri g e a t demand a t r e s t cen te r s and considerabLe d i f f i c u l t y l ies expr i enced i n Leepin; an adequate Y ~ O C L .on hand. i4aLaXimum use was made of captured m a t e r i a l t o supplemnt the regular i s sue . Xrpsndable supplies such a s writing m t e r i a i , piajri.% cards , dice , smal l ganss, o;akazioes, boohs and S M -

l a r item were consw~sd f a s t e r than tlic normal r a t e due t o cons tan t u3e, piiferrage a i d o t l a r damge. Non-expendable supplies SUC f~ as pian@#, ~ H & O R , phmograpns aid o t h w I;lubiicai i n s t r u s n t s had t o he placed on a con t ro i l ed d i s t r i b u t i o n basis, as t h e denBnd always wceeded t h e supp ly .

(2 ) a u o r t e m s t e r and wdnance sy lp l i e s ivero c e n e r a l l y ava i l ab le i n s u f f i c i e n t quant i ty t o s a t i s f y the demand, t h e clcception b e i y c o a l far h e a t end lid wate r ,

f . D i v i s l o m i I+t keas . In thc ln t t a r p a r t of July 1944, a d iv i s inna l r e s t a rea pras organized i n t h e EarmviUo (~-0395)-Cer ta re t(T-M)q/+)area, IroriccanQ ?eniiisula, Befcre this araa could be u t i l i z e d , horrewr, t )w tac t ico l . s i t u a t i o n becane s o f l u i d a IXJ the f r o n t l ines ad-v n n c d 3 0 f a r t h a t it wils irnpracticabb t o i:.ake w e of it , and t h e pro- ject was abandnr.ed. 111 saxe ins tances , tlivisiorB were uit hdrnwn from t h e l i n c f o r t r a in ing a d r e f i t t i n 8 , a t d l ich t i n e every e f f o r t was nx le t o cre8t.e a toi:,porar;. rcst area, bu t the p i c r i t y ni" t l ~ e ~ i i i ~end normal du t i e s p e v e n t d the jxr~onncl . frail actiul.ly obtainins aucl: rest and re-l i e f , In aLt:lition t k r c were few available t w c s o f s u f f i c i e n t size on t11e Continent t o bcuse n full d iv i s ion i n per;m;mt bui ld ings and t o pro-v ide tile cocde t t h a t found in t):e smller r e s t arms, In some re-gions :LncOt,ion of a d iv i s ion revt area n t beach r,u[;ht have beena b n t l i ~ ~ p rac t icable i:i ~ o o d,:eather. kihiie S U C I I an urea iiiir,lk not Irove had t h e a t t r a c t i o n s o f o. l a s - ~ r .c i t y , tire r<<crea i io : a i fea tures nl' a b e x h &rea viorlld offset Ii.3np of Wr! disadvri:itac;es. Lo.mver, dut . t o t l i e d i f f i c u l t i c s above msntioncd, t h e use of d iv is iormi r e s t are35 ;vas never ex.;loitod.

a. Autkioritx. Shor t ly a f t e r tho Army A i r Forces comrienced op-e r a t i o n s over Rurope, i t becaiiis apparent t h a t some fo rm o f a rest a r e a would be necessary to corbat o p e r a t i o m i f a t igue . as a r e s u i t of studies.

- il -

- 12 -

- 13 -

- 14. -Truck. A t t h e ba~iniiS.ng of the RecrentionPl m'zd Leave Center proprm i n the Xroporn Thentnr o f G-perPtions i t W P S rmc-e e w q f o r u n i t e thsnpelven t o t r m s p o r t a11 -:ieraonnsl 3ffectnd Sy the prog-rnm in P'C-igrrod o r r t tpctied lnotor trsns;mrt. ?]?is C r -p ted p rob lms thpt ndded ex t rz r e - -mns ib i l i t i e l t o plrendy over-burdenod Frtnffs. The f i r i t py.d forenopt of those 1mg tJwt of n l lccPt icE su f f i c i en t vehic le6 t o novo the individimls. .*a the nrmiee pdvrnced mnd the d iT tmces irrcre-sed, i t bocme n e c o s v r y t o r e rpes t the Co*imr.dl.nfr Cennrnl, Cor,mnic*tirno Zone, t n provide ovarnieht eoaonnod?tlons enroiite. "wr find t w r no waBva!ii C ~ H " g~ :e~ t l : ' incrw-ed llecehri t.qtinp P grcr tcr nrintensnce bur?en P ! I ~

tho replncemcnt of w h i c 1 w rxicli e n r l i l'r thnn norw1l.y uoii1.d hnve been neceR-ar:r. DurinE the w i R t n r months the lons r i d e i n trucks " I P S bo exhnupt?nc t h t much of t'ie bene f i t derived f ron a. s h o r t pries w s n u l l i f i r d , nnd indtvidunln rPturni?p; f r o m such ] ~ s . = e Qrn-rluired from $4 t o 46 k n u r s far rr?cq>eration 'OefnrR brdnhf Pent i n to conibnt. '%en the +!>ring thoid novenced early i n 19b5, i t w s nec-e a w r y t 9 r e ikca , nttd i n sone crises entirH1:r di S'nrfe, h - v y truck t r p f f i c OVOP tl!e m i n routne c f Trance. lio o ther t r m F I . r o r t n t i n n be ine ,nvni l?blR, a l l . prvpcep rcc-uiriiig motor movvv n t , were suspended f o r R Phort .period.

15. w.R. The f i r s t large aci-le use o f m i l trpnpnorta-t i o n f o r reci .s?tionnl ;Jurponne con,wnced on 1 l:-rch 191.15 Sntwen Lutembourt Ci ty ?nd P a r i s , This WC)R pmcbr.ll,v i?crePserl unt i l . l w v o t rn ins wera runn:.:ig t o ~ 1 11PrKe l o w e cantnrs and recrca-tionol a r e w . me e@ipaent ueupll:: ccnni-:ed of antiqunttrd t h i r d clns- comhen n x l outmoded locanotivn po'w:'. .'he rn i lway s p tnmn of tho 1Iber;ltecl countriiis Jind Ruffured cnormoiiO loaeas of ro l l l i ig s tock , nnd V F r i r J U q r ec t ion - of t he r.41 l l n n n h!d mfitninod Revere

dnmeZt3 throuph r n w n t e t bombings end f r o %othor cpunes.

b. I n the o r r l y Rtndc.a o f us ing r n i l t rannnor t - t ion , thf! dicjtnncee lnvol.vcd vere s o ahort t b c t t intmmcrlirte h n l t s f o r m o n l s were unnecec:'~r:-. 4~ tlio rnilhr?liic ywre pwhod f o r w r d , h o " w , i t bncnme n r t c ~ w r i y t o nrov i tn ~ f o ? ? ~ hot mwls.nnrautf !'or

c. - 4 ~t h o .?rm!.w pxshed dnm,nr in to Crirmny, th+; donai ty of f r e i g h t r n d o t h r hiirh p r i - ~ i t y t r n f f i c r n d . s h o r t = @ - o f ro l1 i i .g rtocl- w d loco:setivc*- !,ruclvc?ed P n g din-!lncenmt o f leqvn t r e i n znl.lhn-de w r w p tho ?\?no 3 v r r ond, i:t orde r t o narmit Dor-onr.iil t o t"ke ndv,-nt.nqo o f r ec rwt innp : ft-cil i t i n f i i n the Cominunicytions h i s P m r , i t tan- r , f tqn n e c w n r r y f o r t':r P.rnl(.PR t o t>et?b1idi trrnc- l e t ,*ccnmqoc!rtinns an t h e truck routns np wnll PP t n n rovido o v w -nii-ht n c c o ~ a i d . ~ t ~ . ~ ~ n n to cp rn f o r l eave p e r ~ o i m n l .e t thn r .nilhe4R I t P e i n devolved unnn t ho tnctic:*l comiianders to provide a~uin?ont nnd p(?monnfil f a r t % w e p c t i v i t i + e s t t h e expuii-e a f com'i-t trrops.

d . -4ftqr ,P nhort 3 a r l n d of m i l serv ice , i t vm* decided by t he Trnn@port-=tion Corps t'i-t F nor? irffic?c.nt mnthnd w s d e s f r -~ 3 1 efor hnndlinr: rind con t ro l l i - Fflr.;onneL on tr.p.ine. Tha f i r + t method p d v t c d LIPS t n n m o t n t cpsunl of r icnra RR tr.?iii commndars. Thn Coimnncla ?e C.enPrcll, Comunic-tione Sone, tharefor(3 mode nvnil-Pbla P 0001 of f iol- de o f f i c e r s t o be u s r d OR trnfii commflndorfi for t ra i tx opern t tnp andnr h i s con t ro l , Tne t r n i n cnmxi-ndortn dUtieR w w n t o m*it?trtn C i sc in l ine nhorrn thi? t r f d n , Pavicr. the T s i l ?rnnqrportntion Off icer n t dostiapt;.on of the number o f n r r i -v p l s in Rufr'icient tirrie t o permit ndeqwtn o r q ~ r n t i o n et o be made

- 15 -

- 16-

20

21 * 'PEA ,

22

?3.

:Tin t h

24, Prviccs

25,

- 1 7 -

-- lfi -

- 19 -

AC of S , G-1

P-e.-2, Ajmcndiu 2.

Pngn 3, Amcndix 2.

C, 9, XAYS, Lt Col, AGD, Assst Adj Gen,