ETS 05-0301 Black Start Controller for Grid and Primary ...library.ukpowernetworks.co.uk/library/asset/... · and BSC2) via SCADA. These controls shall take precedence over the manual

Document Number: ETS 05-0301

Version: 2.0

Date: 14/12/2017

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ENGINEERING TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

ETS 05-0301

BLACK START CONTROLLER FOR GRID AND PRIMARY SUBSTATION BATTERY CHARGER SYSTEMS

Network(s): EPN, LPN, SPN

Summary:

This standard applies to both new trip/close battery installations and the upgrade of existing trip/close and intertripping battery charger systems in Grid and Primary sites across the UK Power Networks licence area.The Black Start Controller unit has been developed by UK Power Networks in conjunction with established substation battery and charger suppliers and complies with ENA Recommendation (ENA ER G91), approved by OFGEM. Document is to be used in conjunction with ETS 05-0300.

Author: John Moutafidis Date: 14/12/2017

Approver: Paul Williams Date: 15/12/2017

This document forms part of the Company’s Integrated Business System and its requirements are mandatory throughout UK Power Networks. Departure from these requirements may only be taken with the written approval of the Director of Asset Management. If you have any queries about this document please contact the author or owner of the current issue.

Applicable To

UK Power Networks External

☒ Asset Management ☒ G81 Website

☒ Capital Programme ☐ UK Power Networks Services

☐ Connections ☐ Contractors

☐ Health & Safety ☒ ICPs/IDNOs

☐ Legal ☐ Meter Operators

☐ Network Operations

☐ Procurement

☐ Strategy & Regulation

☐ Technical Training

Black Start Controller for Grid and Primary Substation Battery Charger Systems


Version: 2.0

Date: 14/12/2017

© UK Power Networks 2017 All rights reserved 2 of 18

Revision Record

Version 2.0 Review Date 02/01/2019

Date 20/12/2017 Author John Moutafidis

Reason for update: Periodic review

What has changed: Changed process flow diagram in Appendix B. added definition for “Sacrificial” and “Reserved”. Re-numbered from EDS 03-0030

Version 1.0 Review Date 25/09/2017

Date 04/07/2014 Author Seán Stack

New Document: Written to meet the requirements with regard to substation protection battery resilience in Black Start situations as specified by Ofgem.



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Contents

1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5

2 Scope ....................................................................................................................... 5

3 Definitions ................................................................................................................ 5

4 General Requirements ............................................................................................ 6

5 Functions of the Equipment ................................................................................... 6

5.1 Controller Operation .................................................................................................. 6

5.1.1 Battery String 2 Disconnection Due to Loss of AC Supply ......................................... 6

5.1.2 Low Voltage Disconnection ....................................................................................... 7

5.1.3 SCADA Controls ........................................................................................................ 7

5.1.4 Bypass Contactor ...................................................................................................... 7

5.2 Configuration with Existing Equipment....................................................................... 7

5.2.1 Grid Site with a Newly Installed (n+1 dual string) Battery Charger System ................ 7

5.2.2 Grid or Primary Site with an Installed Dual Separate (LPN Design) Battery Charger System ........................................................................................................ 8

5.2.3 Grid or Primary Site with a Recently Installed Single String Battery Charger System ...................................................................................................................... 8

5.2.4 Grid or Primary Site with a Traditional Single String (Plante Cell) Battery Charger System ...................................................................................................................... 8

5.2.5 Auxiliary Wiring .......................................................................................................... 8

5.2.6 SCADA Battery Charger Systems ............................................................................. 8

5.2.7 Intertripping Battery Charger Systems ....................................................................... 8

5.3 System Environment ................................................................................................. 9

5.4 Environment .............................................................................................................. 9

6 Technical Requirements ......................................................................................... 9

6.1 System Monitoring ..................................................................................................... 9

6.2 Connections to Telecontrol ........................................................................................ 9

6.3 Controller ................................................................................................................. 10

6.4 Maintenance ............................................................................................................ 11

7 Testing ................................................................................................................... 11

8 Training .................................................................................................................. 11

9 Installation and Commissioning ........................................................................... 11

10 Drawings and Documentation .............................................................................. 11

11 Delivery .................................................................................................................. 11

12 References ............................................................................................................. 12

13 Dependent Documents.......................................................................................... 12

Appendix A - Specific Requirements for Black Start Controllers .................................. 13



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Appendix B - Flow Diagram of Black Start Controller Processes ................................. 14

Appendix C - Operation in a Black Start or Prolonged Outage Scenario ...................... 15



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1 Introduction

This standard details the design requirements of UK Power Networks for the Black Start Controller functionality required on Grid and Primary trip/close and upgraded Intertripping batteries charger systems. This will allow existing UK battery charger systems to be upgraded where necessary as per OFGEM recommendations and new installations to be specified cost effectively without 72 hour resilient battery packs.

OFGEM’s recommendation states that each DNO ensures that SCADA control and tripping batteries (including Intertripping systems) in all Grid and Primary substations are serviceable after a period of Black Start recovery. This period is estimated by OFGEM to be 72 hours.

2 Scope

This standard applies to both new Trip/Close battery installations and the upgrade of existing Trip/Close and Intertripping battery charger systems in Grid and Primary sites across the UK Power Networks licenced areas.

This document is to be used in conjunction with UK Power Networks Battery and Charger Specification, ETS 05-0300.

The Black Start Controller unit has been developed by UK Power Networks in conjunction with established substation battery and charger suppliers and complies with ENA Recommendation (ENA ER G91), approved by OFGEM.

3 Definitions

‘Black Start’ A “Black Start” is the carefully co-ordinated restoration of generation and network demand following a partial or complete shutdown of supplies affecting all or part of the National Grid (NG) system. It results from the disconnection of generation sets frofffm all or parts of the country’s 400kV and 275kV systems rendering the affected system effectively “dead”.

‘Supplier’ Refers to a manufacturer or other organisation supplying equipment for use on UK Power Networks’ distribution systems.

‘East of England Network’ (EPN) refers to the distribution network for which UK Power Networks is the licence holder.

‘Southeast Network’ (SPN) refers to the distribution network for which UK Power Networks is the licence holder.

‘London Network’ (LPN) refers to the distribution network for which UK Power Networks plc is the licence holder.



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4 General Requirements

The Black Start Controller functionality will be incorporated into all UK Power Networks battery charger systems which have battery resilience of less than 72 hours and are deemed critical in a Black Start situation. By definition this refers to existing Intertripping (where applicable) and Trip/Close and new Trip/Close battery charger systems in Grid and Primary substations across the UK Power Networks licenced areas (SPN, LPN and EPN).

5 Functions of the Equipment

The following section describes the operation UK Power Networks have specified for the Black Start controller installed in a dual string battery charger system. A simplified battery schematic with the Black Start controller is shown Appendix A.

5.1 Controller Operation

The controller has multiple functions:

Disconnect battery string 2 due to loss of AC supply.

Disconnect battery string 1 due to battery low volts detection.

Disconnect/Re-connect either battery string with SCADA interface.

Interface with SCADA and manual controls.

These functions are described in more details below and are shown in flowchart format in Appendix B.

5.1.1 Battery String 2 Disconnection Due to Loss of AC Supply

1. In the event of a sustained loss of AC power supply to battery charger system, the

contactor in series with battery string 2 will be opened after a configurable time delay (0 -

120min), which can be overridden via SCADA.

2. When a sustained AC power supply is restored for a configurable time (0 - 10min), the

string 2 contactor will be closed.

3. If the AC power supply is then lost again within a configurable time (0 - 30min) the

string 2 contactor will be reopened immediately.

4. Step 2 and 3 above will repeat unless the AC power supply is sustained for longer than

the delay above (0 - 30min). The system will then return to its normal state and a further

supply failure will result in string 2 disconnection as per step 1 above.



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5.1.2 Low Voltage Disconnection

To prevent irreparable damage to the batteries when used to supply to the load for prolonged time without AC power supply present, a low voltage disconnection (LVD) scheme is to be used to monitor and disconnect battery string 1 independently. In the event of AC power supply failure, the logic used by the LVD scheme shall be:

1. If the voltage on battery string 1 falls below a configurable pre-set level, the contactor in

series with battery string 1 will be opened. This contactor will reclose on restoration of

AC power.

2. If the voltage on battery string 2 falls below a configurable pre-set level, the contactor in

series with battery string 2 will remain closed and allow the battery to be sacrificed to

maintain the DC load.

5.1.3 SCADA Controls

The controller shall interface and facilitate the control of the Battery String Contactors (BSC1 and BSC2) via SCADA. These controls shall take precedence over the manual and automatic controls.

The preference will be for the controller to communicate directly with the SCADA RTU. If this is not possible, 6 interposing relays will be needed (shown in blocks of 2):

Auto / SCADA Control.

Battery String 1 Contactor Open / Close.

Battery String 2 Contactor Open / Close.

5.1.4 Bypass Contactor

The Black Start controller shall be equipped with a local manual latching contactor. This will be used to bypass Battery String 2 Contactor (BSC2) via local control in the event of controller failure with the BSC2 open. The bypass facility will also allow site personnel to work on the battery charger system, local LV supply or Black Start controller without compromising the site protection scheme.

The Bypass Contactor shall be controlled locally via a latching switch/button and contactor.

5.2 Configuration with Existing Equipment

In all situations the resilience of the current battery systems will be considered prior to undertaking any work. This will provide an indication of the level of battery system upgrade/modification required to meet the requirements.

The standards specified in ETS 05-0300 shall be adhered to (unless specified in this document) for all equipment required to provide the Black Start controller functionality.

5.2.1 Grid Site with a Newly Installed (n+1 dual string) Battery Charger System

At these sites the existing battery charger unit shall be modified to replicate the described operation.



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5.2.2 Grid or Primary Site with an Installed Dual Separate (LPN Design) Battery Charger

System

At this site one of the complete charging units will be fitted with a Black Start controller between the common bus and battery output. This shall operate as per specification in the event of a supply failure and leave one of the units supplying the standing load with the other unit in reserve. When required, the contactor would be closed via SCADA to restore supplies as per the operation described above.

5.2.3 Grid or Primary Site with a Recently Installed Single String Battery Charger System

For this system a second charging unit will be required and the battery bank will require re-configuration to form two separate strings. The Black Start controller with the described functionality will be added either internal or external to the charger system enclosure. If this is not feasible or financially practical this site’s battery system will be upgraded with a modern system complete with Black Start functionality.

5.2.4 Grid or Primary Site with a Traditional Single String (Plante Cell) Battery Charger

System

This is the more typical legacy battery and charger solution found in the EPN and SPN areas. At this site a dual string of batteries may be required and the existing charger unit will be modified to include the N+1 charging facility and Black Start controller. If this is not feasible or financially practical then this site’s battery system will be upgraded with a modern system complete with Black Start functionality.

5.2.5 Auxiliary Wiring

The need for additional signal wiring between the Trip/Close and SCADA/Telecontrol battery charger system is expected to be identified prior to the commissioning stage. The installer will be required to connect and test these additional signal cores and present the cores in an acceptable manner at the SCADA RTU cabinet.

5.2.6 SCADA Battery Charger Systems

At each instance of a Trip/Close battery system modification the SCADA system will be upgraded as per the requirements, to give greater than 72 hour resilience.

A facility shall also be provided to enable an additional SCADA battery voltage alarm to be flagged both locally and remotely when a voltage threshold is reached. This threshold shall be more sensitive than the traditional volts low alarm if present on the charger system.

5.2.7 Intertripping Battery Charger Systems

Intertripping batteries will require a site by site analysis, depending on function, to decide how the requirements can be met efficiently. It will be decided to upgrade these systems either as the trip/close or SCADA battery charger systems. Alternatively it may be decided that these systems do not require any upgrade/modification.



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5.3 System Environment

For the purposes of upgrading the existing systems the Black Start controller and required battery upgrades shall be installed within the existing battery charger enclosure, if this is not feasible the controller shall be fabricated to be wall mounted with a minimal horizontal and vertical footprint.

Black Start controller, battery system modification works shall be carried out in a manner so as not to void warranty and/or service agreements associated with the battery charger. Interference of internal hardware, wiring and software of battery systems manufactured by companies other than those carrying out the Black Start upgrades shall be avoided. All interconnection between the Black Start controller and existing battery systems shall be made external to the battery charger, via the distribution panel where possible.

The controller and additional batteries will be incorporated into the charger and battery arrangement of new equipment being installed on the network.

5.4 Environment

The equipment shall be suitable for operation under Ambient Class I conditions to ENA TS 50-18 and 48-5. No special anti-pollution measures are required.

6 Technical Requirements

6.1 System Monitoring

The Black Start Controller will require the following alarms in addition to those specified in ETS 05-0300, the Battery and Charger Specification.

Black Start controller status alarm - This will provide the control engineer with a status of

the Black Start controller, the two Battery String Contactors and the Bypass Contactor.

Voltage analogue - This shall provide an indication to the control engineer of the exact

battery voltage of each string of the 110V installation. Alarms shall have adjustable

threshold limits. The settings and range of the above shall take account of hysteresis,

maximum and minimum conditions. Alarm levels shall be in line with battery and charger

recommendations.

6.2 Connections to Telecontrol

For a connection outline from the Black Start controller to the telecontrol cubicle, please see the following table:



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CORE

No.

COLOUR FERRULE

No.

FROM

TERM

(PB Unit)

FROM

TERM

(PE Unit)

TO

TERM

1 RED W145A B-7 6/7 1 Battery string 1 contactor trip pos Reserved

2 BLUE W146A B-8 6/8 2 Battery string 1 contactor trip neg Reserved

3 GREEN W147A B-9 6/5 3 Battery string 1 contactor close pos Reserved

4 YELLOW W148A B-10 6/6 4 Battery string 1 contactor close neg Reserved

5 WHITE W145B A-7 6/11 5 Battery string 2 contactor trip pos Sacrificial

6 BLACK W146B A-8 6/12 6 Battery string 2 contactor trip neg Sacrificial

7 BROWN W147B A-9 6/9 7 Battery string 2 contactor close pos Sacrificial

8 VIOLET W148B A-10 6/10 8 Battery string 2 contactor close neg Sacrificial

9 ORANGE X1 A-23 7/1 9 Indication common

10 PINK X137A B-26 7/2 10 Battery string 1 contactor open Reserved

11 TURQ. X139A B-24 7/3 11 Battery string 1 contactor closed Reserved

12 GREY X137B A-26 7/4 12 Battery string 2 contactor open Sacrificial

13 RED/BLU X139B A-24 7/5 13 Battery string 2 contactor closed Sacrificial

14 GRN/RED X601 A-12 8/1 14 Alarm common

15 YEL/RED X689 A-22 8/2 15 Manual Bypass closed (NC)

16 WHI/RED X687A B-17 8/3 16 Battery string 1 controller faulty Reserved

17 RED/BLK X687B A-17 8/4 17 Battery string 2 controller faulty Sacrificial

18 RED/BRN X691 A-11 8/5 18 Battery string 2 disconnect in progress Sacrificial

19 YEL/BLU X693 A-14 8/6 19 Battery string 2 disconnect overridden Sacrificial

20 WHI/BLU --- --- 20 Spare

21 BLU/BLK --- --- 21 Spare

22 ORA/BLU XM11A B-1 6/19 22 Battery string 1 volts 24V SCADA Reserved

23 GRN/BLU XM12A B-2 6/20 23 Battery string 1 volts 0-20mA output Reserved

24 GRY/BLU XM11B A-1 6/21 24 Battery string 2 volts 24V SCADA Sacrificial

25 YEL/GRN XM12B A-2 6/22 25 Battery string 2 volts 0-20mA output Sacrificial

N.B. Some cable suppliers use this alternative colour code

23 YEL/GRN 23

24 WHI/GRN 24

25 ORA/GRN 25

DESCRIPTION

Battery string 1 indicated “Reserved” because at the end of a Black Start event it shall be serviceable. Battery string 2 indicated “Sacrificial” because at the end of a Black Start event it might be dead, if the voltage has dropped beyond serviceable level.

6.3 Controller

The Black Start controller shall be microprocessor based with suitable redundancy and self-monitoring. It shall be re-configurable with regard to function and output signals during its lifetime.

The Battery String 1 Contactor and Battery String 2 Contactor shall be of the bi-stable type, mechanically or magnetically latched and fully rated to make and break the rated DC current of the charger system.



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6.4 Maintenance

Should the Black Start controller require changing during normal operation it will be possible to carry out this operation while the system is live.

The Black Start controller will have the ability to carry out a self-check operation which will be operated locally (only when the bypass function is activated) and will test the system including the condition of the supply failure low voltage disconnect and SCADA contactors and their operational speeds.

Periodic Maintenance shall be in accordance with ETS 05-0300 and will coincide with maintenance schedule for Grid and Primary Substations. The manual By-pass button on the Controller shall be used in this case to prevent any operation of the device while work is being carried out’.

7 Testing

Testing of the Black Start controller shall be carried out in accordance to ETS 05-0300 and EDS 05-9006.

8 Training

As per ETS 05-0300, Battery and Charger Specification.

9 Installation and Commissioning

Installation and commissioning will be carried out in accordance to UK Power Network’s approved procedures and the Distribution Safety Rules. Contracted personnel shall be approved to work on UK Power Networks operational sites and hold the required accreditations. Consideration at all times must be given to UK Power Networks Outage Planning, Network Control and emergency fault restoration works.

Post installation the equipment details will be recorded in UK Power Networks EDS 12-0202e, Asset Register Amendment Form: Battery / Charger.

10 Drawings and Documentation


11 Delivery




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12 References

ETS 05-0300 Equipment Technical Specification, Charger and Battery Specification

EDS 05-9006 Equipment Design Specification, Telecoms Hardware for Operational Sites.

Black Start Recovery –Substation and SCADA Resilience.

Report by the Electricity Task Group (ETG) of the Energy Emergencies Executive Committee (E3C) – July 2010.

Black Start Resilience, Grid and Primary Substations (Regulated) Strategy Paper v4.3

UK Power Networks Internal document.

ENA TS 50-18 Application of Ancillary Electrical Equipment

13 Dependent Documents

The documents below are dependent on the content of this document and may be affected by any changes.

ETS 05-0300 Charger and Battery Specification.



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Appendix A - Specific Requirements for Black Start Controllers

Simplified Schematic Battery String Disconnection System

Charging Units (N+1) Battery String 1

Load

Distribution Board

BSC1

(SCADA / Test /

LVD)

Battery String 2

Manual

Bypass

BSC2

(AC / SCADA /

Test)

Deterministic Testing



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Appendix B - Flow Diagram of Black Start Controller Processes

Black Start Controller Process

Charger LV Supply Present

Normal ModeDual String S/S T&CDC

supply to protection and CB.

Disconnect Mode

Control will see alarms and indication

String 1 Battery Voltage >

97.75V (110dc)

Black Start ModeDisconnect Battery

String 1. S/S DC system dead

No

Yes

Delay On Timer

(120 Min)

Bypass ModeOn?

Yes

No

Bypass ModeOn?

Yes

No


No

No

Delay On Timer(5 Min)

Yes

No

Yes

String 2 Off ModeBattery String 1

remains connected to the DC load.

Yes

Bypass ModeOn?

Yes



No

Yes

Delay On Timer

(30min)

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes



Yes

Yes

No

Bypass ModeOn?

Recovery ModeReconnect

Battery String 2 to reconfigure

S/S

Yes

No

No Delay On Timer(5 Min)


Yes

No

No

End of Life ModeBattery String 2 passed

point of recovery. Battery String 1 servicable.

Arrange for generator.

Monitor ModeControl to monitor

Battery Voltages. Both strings must be > 97.75V

String 2 Battery Voltage >

97.75V (110dc)

Yes

Yes


No

No


Yes

Yes

Close String 1

Contactor

OpenString 1

Contactor

Open Battery String 1

Contactor(BSC1)

Close Battery String 1

Contactor(BSC1)

OpenString 2

Contactor

Close String 2

Contactor

Close Battery String 2

Contactor(BSC2)

Open Battery String 2

Contactor(BSC2)

Automatic Control

SCADA Control

Manual /SCADA Bypass

No



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Appendix C - Operation in a Black Start or Prolonged Outage Scenario

Throughout this scenario, SCADA control will be available to disconnect each battery string to preserve battery charge or to reconnect each string in the DC power was required.

Normal Condition Prior to Outage

The chargers supply the load and keep the batteries charged up.

Figure C.1 below shows the single line representation of the Black Start controller in

normal mode.


Load

Distribution Board

BSC1

(SCADA / Test /

LVD)BSC2

(AC / SCADA /

Test / LVD)Battery String 2

Manual

Bypass


Figure C.1 – Trip/Close Battery Charger System in Normal Operation

Note: The Charger is an N+1 unit and not N+N, meaning that an extra module within the charging unit is needed, not two chargers.



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After Supply Failure

In the event of a loss of AC power supply to battery charger system, the batteries will

continue to supply the load.

If the loss of AC is sustained, the contactor in series with battery string 2 (BSC2) will be

opened after a configurable time delay (0-120min), string 2 will be isolated from the

standing load.

Battery string 1 remains in service with the current being supplied to the standing load

through the series contact of BSC1 shown in Figure C.2.

When the battery string 1 is drained, the voltage will fall below a configurable

predetermined level. This is the Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) function and the

contactor (BSC1) will open to prevent irreparable damage to the batteries.

All power to the load will be lost.

Charging Units (N+1)Battery String 1

Load

Distribution Board

BSC2

(AC / SCADA /


Manual

Bypass

BSC1

(SCADA / Test /

LVD)


Figure C.2 – Trip/Close Battery Charger System after Mains Supply Failure



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Restoration of DC Power Prior to Network Supply Restoration

Presuming battery string 1 is drained and is disconnected from the load, the Control

Engineer will issue a command to close battery string 2 contactor (BSC2).

Battery string 2 will supply the load.

After a short time delay the Control Engineer can check the availability of the protection

system and reconfigure the network as necessary.

Providing that the charge on battery string 2 has not been drained, and assuming that

battery string is sized for 6 hours resilience, it should be possible to maintain the load

without the presence of AC supply for approximately 5 hours.


Load

Distribution Board

BSC2

(AC / SCADA /


Manual

Bypass

BSC1

(SCADA / Test /

LVD)


Figure C.3 – Trip/Close Battery Charger System Prior to AC Supply Restoration



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After Restoration of AC Supply

When the AC supply is restored the charger will take over supplying the load.

Contactor in series with battery string 1 (BSC1) will close (if it was open) and the

batteries will start recharging.

If the AC supply is maintained for a configurable time (0 - 10min), the string 2 contactor

(BSC2) will close (if it was open) and the batteries will start recharging.

If the AC supply is then lost again within a configurable time (0 - 30min) the string 2

contactor (BSC2) will be reopened immediately.

If the AC supply remains for a time greater than the delay above (0 - 30min) the system

is returned to its normal state.

In the undesired event of a restoration of the AC supply via network reconfiguration with

both battery strings disconnected, the same logic as above will apply. This could

however have disastrous consequence due to the lack of availability of electronic

protection for a short period of time after energisation and therefore must be avoided. In

this situation Control will be aware of the battery status and an appropriate response

shall be initiated.