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EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Hartmut Behrend European Commission DG ENV.C.2, Brussels. Questions to be answered:. What is our legal basis? What are we doing? Who does it? And what happens by when? Institutional arrangements and working procedure What are the products? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism
Hartmut Behrend European Commission
DG ENV.C.2, Brussels
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Questions to be answered:
• What is our legal basis?• What are we doing? Who does it? And what happens by
when?Institutional arrangements and working procedure
• What are the products?• Where do we stand today?
Where do we expect to go? • What are the methodologies to prepare inventories from
bunkers?• How much are the emissions from international bunkers
increasing?
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Legal basis
• UNFCCC (in future KP)– Revised 1996 IPCC Manual on Inventories– Good Practise Guidance on Reporting and Uncertainty
assessment– Guidelines on National Communications and annual
inventories (FCCC/CP/2002/8, decision 18/CP.8)
• EU– Council Decision on GHG Monitoring (Decision
389/93/EEC as amended by decision 296/99/EC)– (internal) guidelines
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Sharing the EC target of –8%
Germany -21%
United Kingdom -12.5%
Italy -6.5%
Denmark -21%
Netherlands -6%
Belgium -7.5%
Austria -13%
Luxembourg -28%
Finland 0%
France 0%
Sw eden +4%
Ireland +13%
Portugal +27%
Greece +25%
Spain +15%
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100
GHG emissions (million tonnes CO2-eq.)
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ITSummary of current EC Council
decision
• Monitoring the emissions of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases and removals by sinks,
• Annual GHG inventory reporting by MS to the European Commission
• Implementation and annual reporting of national programmes (including policies and measures) and emission projections to the Commission and
• Evaluation of progress and reporting to the European Parliament and Council by the Commission
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ITData flow EC GHG inventory
Austria
Belgium
UK
Sweden
FinlandGermany
LuxembourgItaly
GreeceDenmark
FranceIrelandNetherlands
Portugal
Spain
EU
European Commission
(ENV, ESTAT, JRC)and EEA
UNFCCC
Parliament Council
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ITEC GHG inventory institutional
arrangements• Member states prepare inventory according to UNFCCC
Guidelines and participate in EC Monitoring mechanism committee, assisted by two working groups
• European Commission (DG ENV) responsible for submission to UNFCCC, assisted by EEA (and European Topic Centre Air and Climate Change, ETC/ACC) and Eurostat and JRC
• Working group I promotes improvement of all GHG inventory quality aspects (transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness, accuracy and use of good practices)
• Working group II promotes improvement of quality of reporting on GHG emission projections (transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness)
• EC “National Inventory Report” follows UNFCCC Guidelines
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Preparation EC inventory
1MS submission of inventory to Commission
31 December
2Initial check of submission by Commission
Jan
3Compilation and circulation of draft EC inventory
1 March
4Submission of updated od additional data to commission
Up to 1 April
5 Submission to UNFCCC 15 April
6EC internal review and improvement of inventory
May to December
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ITAnnual process of submission and review of MS inventories and compilation of the EC inventory
Element Who When What 1. Submission of annual inventory by MS to Commission
Member States 31 December annually
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions and CO2 removals by sinks, for the year n-1 Emissions by source and removals by sinks of the other greenhouse gases; Final data for the year n-2 and provisional data for the year n-1 2)
2. Initial check of MS submissions
European Commission (incl. Eurostat), assisted by EEA
up to 1 March Initial checks (by EEA) Comparison of energy data in MS IPCC Reference Approach with Eurostat energy data (by Eurostat and MS)
3. Compilation and circulation of draft EC inventory
European Commission (incl. Eurostat), assisted by EEA
1 March Draft EC inventory (by EEA), based on MS inventories and additional information where needed Circulation of the draft EC inventory on 1 March
4. Submission of updated or additional data by MS to Commission
Member States up to 1 April Updated or additional data submitted by MS 3)
5. Final annual EC inventory to UNFCCC
European Commission (incl. Eurostat), assisted by EEA
15 April Submission to UNFCCC of the final annual EC inventory. This inventory will also be used to evaluate progress as part of the Monitoring Mechanism
6. Additional review of MS submissions and EC inventory
European Commission (incl. Eurostat), assisted by EEA
June to December
Additional review aimed at improving the next annual MS and EC inventories In November Eurostat makes available to MS energy balance data (1990 to inventory year)
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ITEC GHG inventory improvement
• Eurostat improvement project for national energy balances and annual estimation of EC CO2 emissions (IPCC Reference Approach)
• JRC compares national estimates for carbon sinks (focus on forests) and coordinates a project for improving GHG emissions from agriculture (focus on N2O from soils)
• QA/QC of EC inventory depends on QA/QC systems for national GHG inventories
• Data gap filling to achieve complete EC inventory is limited to few countries
• Minor differences between EC and Member States’ inventories, which are further being reduced through the UNFCCC review process (centralised review of EC inventory, Sep. 2003)
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ITAnnual procedure for the EU
Progress Assessment
1. Drafting of technical reports onTrends in emissions / projections andpolicies and measures
15 April until15 J uly
Emission/removal trends for key source sectors at EUlevel and also for each MS./ information on policiesand measures, their effects, and the projectedemissions/removals at EU level and for each MS
2. Drafting of Commission MonitoringMechanism progress report
15 J une until5 Sept.
Evaluation of actual and projected progress, based onMS information. Extended analyses, comparison withCommunity wide projections; Community policies andmeasures based on first draft EEA technical reports
3. Circulation of final draft oftechnical reports on GHG emission(and sinks) trends and on projectionsand policies and measures
15 J uly Final draft of technical reports circulated to MemberStates on 15 J uly. Drafting of the Commission’sprogress report continues in parallel to technicalreview of the EEA technical reports.
4. Review by MS of (EEA) technicalreports. Comments by MS.
15 J uly until29 August
Member States checking data and the variousanalyses in the reports.
5. Revision of (EEA) technical reports 30 Aug. until5 Sept.
Revision of EEA technical reports according to MemberStates comments
6. Draft Circulation to MS /Committee Members
5 September Evaluation of actual and projected progress, based onMS and Community policies and measures.
7. Monitoring Mechanism committeedecision on draft progress report
15 Sept. Inclusion of conclusions and comments by MemberStates; adoption of draft Commission progress report
8. Adoption by European Com. andsubmission to Parliament and Council
Until end ofNovember
Final Commission progress report, formal adoptiontranslation and publication
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New Monitoring decision (Proposal COM(2003) 51 final) • CO-decision Procedure – in the moment in COREPER to reach 1st
reading aggreement • Basic in decision - further implementing in implementing provision to
be adopted • Greenhouse gas inventory system (KP Art. 5.1)• Procedures for the review process and adjustments (KP Art. 5.2 and
Art. 8)• Reporting on accounting of assigned amounts and national registries
(KP Art. 7.1, 7.2 and 7.4)• Information to be incorporated in the periodic communications to the
UNFCCC• Policies and measures and Projections• details yet to be decided (ongoing procedure in Council and
Parliament
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Most important changes of new Monitoring Mechanism Decison
• Deadlines of MSs- 15 January: for national inventories- 15 March (biannual): for projected progress
• Reporting on flexible mechanisms (JI, CDM, IET) and sinks
• Additional Reports- Report on demonstrable progress- 4th National Communication- Report on assigned amounts
• Establishment of- national systems (incl. Report) and- registries
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ITEU greenhouse gas emissions in relation to
the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)
97,7
92,0
101,6
80
90
100
110
120
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Ind
ex
(ba
se y
ea
r =
10
0)
Greenhouse gas emissions Target path 2010
GHG target 2010 CO2 emissions
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ITGreenhouse gas emission targets and
changes from base year to 2001
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
Germany
United Kingdom
Italy
Denmark
Netherlands
Belgium
Austria
Luxembourg
Finland
France
Sw eden
Ireland
Portugal
Greece
Spain
GHG emissions (million tonnes CO2-eq.)
GHG targets
Change base year -2001
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Good Practice in Reporting on aviation fuels 1
Tier 1: top-down methodEmissions = fuel consumption * emission factor10 % of emissions for LTO-cycle
Tier 2: bottom-up methodDistinction between LTO emissions (below 3000 ft) and cruise emissions, only jet kerosene
Tier 2 a: aggregated LTO-data
Tier 2 b: detailed LTO-data
Other approaches:
possible if peer reviewed and well documented
Emission factors
Hardly any national differences
- CO2 +/- 5 %, aggregated or per aircraft type
- CH4 factor 2, only depending on fuel consumption
- N2O factor 100, only depending on fuel consumption
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Disaggregation International – domesticDomestic: Every flight inside of the boarder of one country, if
passengers and / or fright are dropped at the destination
International: All other flights in CRF only as memo item
Activity Data- Delivery of kerosene to airports- fuel suppliers- refineries (production + import – export)- individual LTO-data from EUROCONTROL
Military aviationInventory in CRF 1 A 5 ‘Others’Emission factors: the same as civil aviation unless better data are known
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Changes in GHG emissions from international bunkers, 1990 to latest year
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Trends in GHG emissions from international bunkers 1990 – 2000
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ITComparison of aviation data from Eurocontrol and
national inventories
CO2 emissions from aviation for EU-15 (in t CO2-equivqlent)
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Domestic aviation tonnes CO2
Eurocontrol 18.415.864 19.240.431 19.731.081 20.652.900 21.207.390 19.277.218
CRF 19.663.047 20.300.838 23.940.818 25.658.623 26.010.991 25.537.715
CRF/Eurocontrol 107% 106% 121% 124% 123% 132%
International aviation
Eurocontrol 81.558.247 85.483.967 92.832.199 99.625.723 102.360.940 93.902.916
CRF 74.989.327 80.096.663 86.320.263 92.177.774 97.267.687 102.220.542
CRF/Eurocontrol 92% 94% 93% 93% 95% 109%
Total
Eurocontrol 99.974.111 104.724.398 112.563.280 120.278.623 123.568.330 113.180.134
CRF 94.652.374 100.397.501 110.261.081 117.836.397 123.278.678 127.758.258
CRF/Eurocontrol 95% 96% 98% 98% 100% 113%
No CRF data available for domestic aviation for Italy 1996 and 1997
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EU-aggregated international bunker emissions
EU aggregated International bunker emissions
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
year
tCO
2-e
q.
aviation navigation
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For further information you may look at:
www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climate/home_en.htm
andthemes.eea.eu.int/Environmental_issues/climate
THANK YOU !
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