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CENTRE FOR THE PROMOTION OF IMPORTS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

PERSONAL PROTECTIVEEQUIPMENT

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EU MARKET SURVEY 2002

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II VOLUME II

EU MARKET SURVEY 2002

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Compiled for CBI by:Drs. Jan P. Servaas

in collaboration withMaréchal Desmet jr.

PPE Consultant

September 2002

DISCLAIMERThe information provided in this market survey is believed to be accurate at the time of writing. It is, however, passedon to the reader without any responsibility on the part of CBI or the authors and it does not release the reader from theobligation to comply with all applicable legislation.

Neither CBI nor the authors of this publication make any warranty, expressed or implied, concerning the accuracy ofthe information presented, and will not be liable for injury or claims pertaining to the use of this publication or theinformation contained therein.

No obligation is assumed for updating or amending this publication for any reason, be it new or contrary informationor changes in legislation, regulations or jurisdiction.

Updated version of CBI’s EU Market Survey 2001 ‘Personal Protective Equipment’ published in September 2001.

Photo courtesy:

DVN BV

CONTENTS

REPORT SUMMARY 7

1 PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 101.1 Product groups 10

1.1.1 Body protection 101.1.2 Head protection 101.1.3 Eye and face protection 111.1.4 Hearing protection 111.1.5 Air purification (breathing protection) 111.1.6 Hand, elbow and arm protection 111.1.7 Foot and leg protection 111.1.8 Descender devices (or protection against falls from a height) 12

1.2 Customs/statistical product classification 12

2 INTRODUCTION TO THE EU MARKET 13

3 EU CONSUMPTION OF PPE 153.1 Market size 153.2 Market segmentation 163.3 Developments in selected markets within the EU 18

3.3.1 Germany 183.3.2 The Netherlands 183.3.3 France 193.3.4 UK 203.3.5 Italy 20

4 PRODUCTION OF PPE 224.1 Production of workwear and protective clothing 22

4.1.1 EU production of workwear and protective clothing 224.1.2 German production of workwear and protective clothing 224.1.3 Netherlands production of workwear and protective clothing 234.1.4 Production of workwear and protective clothing in other EU countries 234.1.5 Delocalisation of workwear production 23

4.2 EU production of other PPE 244.2.1 Introduction 244.2.2 Safety footwear 254.2.3 Protective gloves 254.2.4 Air purification (respiratory), eye and ear protection 254.2.5 Safety headgear 25

5 IMPORTS OF PPE 265.1 Total imports 265.2 Imports by product groups 27

5.2.1. Workwear and protective clothing 275.2.2 Footwear 305.2.3 Headgear 305.2.4 Gloves 315.2.5 Protective glasses 315.2.6 Breathing appliances 31

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5.3 The role of developing countries 325.3.1 Introduction 325.3.2 Workwear and protective clothing 325.3.3 Safety footwear 335.3.4 Safety headgear 345.3.5 Protective gloves 345.3.6 Protective glasses 355.3.7 Breathing appliances and gas masks 36

6 EXPORTS OF PPE 37

7 TRADE STRUCTURE 407.1 EU trade channels for workwear 407.2 EU trade channels for PPE 42

8 PRICES AND MARGINS 448.1 Prices and margins 448.2 Sources of price information 44

9 OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRY EXPORTERS 46

APPENDICES 471 Detailed classification of PPE by Combined Nomenclature 472 Specification of imports and exports of PPE by product type and area of origin into the EU

and selected markets within the EU, 1998-2000 483 Standards organisations 524 Trade associations 535 Trade fair organisers 566 Trade press 597 Bussiness Support Organisations 618 Other useful addresses 639 Sources of statistical information 6510 List of developing countries 6611 List of major buyers of PPE in The Netherlands 6712 List of PPE manufacturers/distributors/wholesalers in other EU countries 7513 Useful Internet Sites 78

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REPORT SUMMARY

IntroductionThis survey profiles the market for personal protectiveequipment (PPE) in the European Union (EU) and is anupdated and extended version of a former CBI EUMarket Survey PPE, published in September 2001. The emphasis of the survey lies on those products,which are of importance to developing countrysuppliers. The major national markets within the EU for those products are highlighted. The survey includescontact details of importers, trade associations, andother relevant organisations. Furthermore, statisticalmarket information on consumption, production andtrade, and information on trade structure and prices andmargins is provided. As an exporter, you need this information to formulateyour own market and product strategies. In order toassist you with this, CBI has also developed a matchingEU Strategic Marketing Guide for PPE, which waspublished in April 2000. It offers a practical handbookfor exporters engaged, or wishing to engage,in exporting footwear to the EU. It aims to facilitateexporters in formulating their own market and productstrategies through the provision of practical informationand a methodology of analysis and ready-to-fill-inframeworks.

Market researchThis EU Market Survey and the accompanying EUStrategic Marketing Guide serve as a basis for furthermarket research: after you have read this survey andfilled in the frameworks in the strategic marketing guideit is important to further research your target markets,sales channels and potential customers. Market research depends on secondary data (data thathave been compiled and published earlier) and primarydata (information that you collect yourself). An example of secondary data is this EU MarketSurvey. Primary data are needed when secondary datafall short of your needs, for example when researchingyour specific type of consumer about the acceptance ofyour specific product. Sources of information areamong others (statistical) databanks, newspapers andmagazines, market reports, (annual) reports frombranch associations, but also shops in target countries,products or catalogues from your competitors, andconversations with suppliers, specialists, colleagues andeven competitors. After you received/collected yourinformation you should analyse it. In order to judge theattractiveness of the market, sales channel or customer,you should use/develop a classification or score system.For more detailed information on market research,reference is made to CBI’s Export Planner (2000).Together with other CBI publications, like ‘PackagingManual’ and the ‘Environmental Quick Scan for PPEand workwear’, a fairly complete overview is given to

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manufacturers/exporters in developing countries, whowish to sell to the EU market. Some of these sources ofinformation are also available on the CBI web site.

Products under reviewPPE can be divided according to their specificprotective functions, like: full-body protection(workwear, uniforms and protective clothing); headprotection (helmets and headgear); eye and faceprotection (protective glasses, goggles, eye or faceshields); hearing protection (ear plugs and ear muffs);air purification (breathing protection from simple dustmask to full-face masks); hand, arm and elbowprotection (variety of gloves, mittens and mitts indifferent materials and providing various levels ofprotection); foot and leg protection (safety shoes andboots) and descender devices such as fall protection(full-body harnesses, lineyards, anchors, carabinersetc.). Safety nets do not come under the scope of theEuropean Council-Directive. It has to be noted that official statistics do not registerall the products mentioned. Therefore only thefollowing PPE categories will be discussed in thissurvey: workwear, protective footwear, safety headgear,protective glasses and breathing appliances.

Market sizeThe market for PPE in the EU is estimated to have beenalmost € 7.0 billion in 2001; it does not includeproducts like jeans etc. The market for (traditional)workwear declined in the period 1999-2001 in favour ofmore specialist protective clothing, footwear and head,face and respiratory equipment. The market forprotective equipment increased steadily in the sameperiod.Total expenditure per employee varied from € 54 forusers of traditional workwear to € 505 of users of oneor more PPE products (respectively € 58 and € 485 in1999) mainly caused by an increased demand of 4% forprotective equipment during the period 1999-2001.Occupational safety and environmental protection are ofimportance not just from an ethical, but increasinglyalso a commercial viewpoint. Governmental legislationresulted in an increasing consciousness andconsequently implementation of safety in workingcircumstances and concerns a broad range of protectiveproducts besides clothing, i.e. also other safetyproducts, from helmet to safety shoe.Germany remained the most important market for PPEwithin the EU with a market share of 27 percent,followed by UK (18%), France (15%), Italy (12%),Spain (7%) and The Netherlands (5%). The market for workwear will decrease slightly in thecoming years in terms of volume, but will stabilise interms of value, which indicates a small growth in

prices. The PPE market (excluding traditionalworkwear) will increase slightly in terms of volumeagainst higher prices, caused by technical innovationsand usage of specialised fabrics for protective clothing.The total PPE market is estimated to grow by 3-4percent annually for the coming four years.There is a strong variety in levels of usage and stylingof PPE across the EU member states.

ProductionProduction of workwear and protective clothingdecreased in almost all EU countries in the period1997-2001. The strongest falls were in the UK, Ireland,Germany and France, while Italy increased itsproduction. The UK has been the leading producer ofworkwear and protective clothing in the EU since 1994,however, its dominating role is diminishing. The restructuring policy of many manufacturingcompanies in the EU during the last two decades,caused among other factors by the high price ofmanufacturing in most of the EU countries, led torelocation of the clothing production, includingworkwear. Italy is Europe’s largest producer of safety footwear(ahead of Spain and France) with about 42 million pairsin 2001. Production of industrial gloves in the EU isvery limited. The types of gloves which are producedfall mainly into the category of the more expensivequality gloves in the categories II and III. Most of themanufacturers of PPE are specialists in only oneproduct group. However, a small number of companiesmakes a range of different product groups. The need foroffering a ‘total package’ to their clients is filled in bypurchasing from other companies and by taking theposition of distributor or re-seller.

Imports of PPETotal EU imports of PPE grew by 16 percent in 2000and more or less stabilised (+0.4 percent) in 2001 whenthey amounted to € 3.9 billion. Imports increased interms of weight by 15 percent to 405 thousand tonsduring the period under review.Germany remained the leading importer, with an importshare of 21 percent in terms of value, followed byFrance, UK, Italy and Belgium. The Netherlands ranked sixth, followed by Spain and Sweden. Imports into the individual member states variedstrongly in the period 1999-2001. Imports (in terms ofvalue) decreased (Germany); grew slowly (Belgium);grew by 10-16 percent but still under the EU average(The Netherlands, Sweden, Austria and Denmark); grewfast by 16-25 percent (France and Greece) and, boomedwith a growth of more than 25 percent (Italy, Finland,Spain, UK and Ireland). This strong variety indevelopments in imports of PPE per EU countrydepends on several factors like size and structure ofdomestic production of PPE, the possibilities and size

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of re-exports, developments in demand anddevelopments in exchange rates (like in the case of the UK). Nearly all EU members have a substantial ownproduction of (safety) footwear, headgear, glasses andbreathing appliances. Import shares for these productgroups are much lower than for the remaining groups.Gloves, in particular made of rubber, came fromcountries with low-labour costs and often withproduction at a short distance from the source of rubber,while the relatively high share in the cost of clothingresulted in a high percentage of re-location ofproduction, with the exception of southern countries,like Spain, Italy and Portugal.

Germany again consolidated its leading position as animporter of workwear and protective clothing in theperiod under review, despite a decrease in terms ofvalue and in volume. France retained its second positionafter Germany, however, the distance between thesecountries became much smaller. The Netherlandsranked fifth after UK and Italy. Belgium ranked sixthbefore Sweden and Denmark.In the product group workwear and protective clothing,44 percent (in terms of value) of EU imports came fromdeveloping countries in 2001 (just like in 2000),of which 51 percent from the Mediterranean Rim(mainly Tunisia and Morocco) and 39 percent fromAsian countries (China, Pakistan an to a much lesserdegree India, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh).However, the import share of Mediterranean countriesdecreased by 23 percent, while imports from Asiancountries increased by 66 percent in the period 1997-2001. An increasing share of EU workwearimport came from CEECs (developing countries:Macedonia, Slovenia, Bosnia & Herzegovina etc. aswell as from non-developing countries: Poland,Slovakia, Czech Republic etc.).

The role of developing countries in EU imports ofprotective footwear became rather more important:in 1999 about 26 percent of total imports came fromthese countries and in 2001 this percentage had risen to almost 34 percent. EU imports from developingcountries came mainly from Tunisia, China, India andSlovenia. The role of developing countries in EU imports ofsafety headgear is rather limited. Only 14 percent (in terms of value) came from these countries in 2001,of which almost completely from Asian countries(China, South Korea, Thailand and Indonesia). Developing countries dominated EU imports ofprotective gloves. Almost 60 percent of the total 4.6 billion pairs came from developing countries. This percentage is the same as for imported rubbergloves, for which Malaysia remained by far the mostimportant supplier followed by Thailand, Indonesia,

Sri Lanka and China. Asian countries (China, India and Pakistan) also dominated EU imports of leatherprotective gloves

DistributionSuppliers on the traditional workwear market in the EU are manufacturers which have a market share of 50 percent. Wholesalers/importers with a broadassortment, which is a combination of products fromEuropean manufacturers and imports from outsideEurope, have an increasing market share of 24 percent.They often combine (factory) branded products withtheir own labels or products without labels. Other channels are garment rental and laundrycompanies (14%), retailers (5%) mostly specialised inworkwear who sell both to consumers and professionalusers in small units; tender (5%) and, other channels(2%), like Do-It-Yourself (DIY) outlets, street marketsetc. It is believed that wholesale and catalogue business willbecome the major growth areas throughout most of theEuropean workwear markets. Meanwhile, direct salesfrom manufacturers and garment rental/leasing areexpected to remain flat, while tender and retail arepredicted to decrease.Suppliers on the PPE market in EU countries areindependent national manufacturing companies (often specialised in one specific product group).Manufacturers complement their range by offeringgoods from other sources including imports,manufacturing operations by international companieswith headquarters in or outside Europe, manufacturingcompanies from abroad with manufacturing and/orcommercial interests in the EU and distributors orwholesalers offering a PPE assortment from othersources including imports. Most of the manufacturers have their ownspecialisation. In general, manufacturers do notundertake direct selling operations to end-users,except for the largest international companies whichoften operate on the basis of contracts and concerninglarge quantities. Many (larger groups) companies,however, have extended their assortment by acquisitionof specialists in other products or they purchaseproducts to complement their own assortment. The PPEmarket can be characterised further as a large networkof distributors on several regional levels per country. In general, distributors may also deal in importedgoods.

Opportunities for exportersThe keen competition on the PPE market will steadilyincrease and this leads to further possibilities forexporters from low-cost countries. A start, whichinvolves limited risks and is chosen by the majority of exporters in developing countries, is to try to acquirefixed orders for products specified by the client.

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The latter is at home in his market and knows all the“ins and outs” of his permanently changing marketplace. The most important determining factors forexporters operating on this basis are the combination of price, product quality and reliability of deliveries and delivery times. More further-reaching forms of co-operation are joint ventures and co-makershipagreements.In particular in the PPE sector, exporters are confrontedwith many aspects like quality standards (CE marking,in some countries on national level AZO dyes), productliability, sizing, packaging, environmental aspects.These result in a lot of technical requirements, added to which are aspects of design, fashionability, comfort,ergonomics and market developments etc. For thatreason, co-operation in a variety of forms betweenimporter and exporter can be necessary. Specialising in a specific area of workwear or anotherPPE sector can be advisable. Growth markets forexporters in the workwear sector are the following:the occupational safety and health, industrial workwearvia wholesaler and/or garment laundries, the retailsector and the hotel, restaurant and catering (also referred to as “horeca”) sector.

1.1 Product groups Products covered by this survey can be dividedaccording to their specific protective functions, like:• Full-body protection• Head protection• Eye and face protection• Hearing protection• Air purification (breathing protection)• Hand and arm protection• Foot and leg protection• Descender devices (fall protection)

1.1.1 Full-body protection

Protective products for the body cover a wide variety ofclothing in several degrees of protection. In manypublications the term ‘corporate clothing’ includes(traditional) workwear, uniforms, careerwear, corporatecasual wear and protective clothing (such as highvisibility and flame retardant). However, it does notapply in this survey, because careerwear will not bediscussed.

Workwear covers a range of work clothing whichoffers some degree of protection and belongs to PPECategory I. Workwear includes boiler suits andcoveralls, bib and brace or American overalls, (dust)coats, jackets and trousers as well as a wide variety ofsimilar styles used in industry, hotel, restaurant (often referred to as ”horeca”) and catering, retail,health care (nurses’ uniforms) and many other sectors.These garments are usually of simpler construction andcan be made specific to the company (organisation)through colour and/or badges and logos. In practice,one will find many variations of these garments,depending on the manufacturer or on the specificrequirements of the clients.

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A fairly small group of materials (other than textiles)is used, such as non-wovens, leather, etc.. Disposableclothing is used for temporary, very dirty workcircumstances and in hospital operating theatres. Its drawbacks are environmental factors i.e. disposaland the higher costs.

Uniforms are mainly tailored outfits of polyester/woolor wool-rich fabrics for the military, police, fire andother public service institutions.

Corporate casualwear includes joggers, sweaters,sweatshirts and blousons bought by the company for itsstaff to wear at work.

Protective clothing of specialist fabric or constructionis designed to protect the wearer in particularenvironments like: fire or (extreme) heat, (extreme) cold temperature, ballistics, radiation, bacterial/viral,chemicals/gas, foul weather, (resistance to) acids,nuclear contamination and mechanical injury. Protective clothing also includes high-visibility clothingand clean room, lint-free and anti-static garments forindustries where ordinary workwear could contaminategoods being produced, such as food andmicroelectronics.A wide range of materials is used for protection. In general they vary from fairly basic coated fabrics to sophisticated and higher performance materials.

1.1.2 Head protectionTwo broad categories are:• Helmets (protecting against falling objects); helmets

can be extended with visors or hearing protection,the latter being eventually built-in. Materials used forsafety helmets are in the lighter weight class:polymer such as polypropylene and in the heavierclass HDPE or ABS, with an inner-side (or cradle) ofLDPE or polyester and eventually with a headbandand/or chinstrap.

• Headgear (protecting against scalping orentanglement); like bump caps, caps and hairnets.

1 PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

1.1.3 Eye and face protectionWorking circumstances, which demand protection forthe eyes are, among others:work with chemicals, with molten metals, with toolsfrom which materials can be ejected, with intensiveemission of light (welding) etc.Protective products (following degree of protection)cover:• safety glasses• safety goggles (because of the headband, there is a

closer fit to the face than glasses)• eye shields or face shields

1.1.4 Hearing protectionProducts for hearing protection fall into two categories:• ear plugs, made from foam or plastic (individual or

worn with a light headband or neck cord)• ear muffs, which are worn with a headband

1.1.5 Air purification (breathing protection)Respirators are designed to prevent the inhalation ofhazardous materials, of which dusts, lints, metal fumes,vapours and gases. There is a great variety of productsfrom a simple dust mask to full-face masks. Respirators can be divided into two categories:• atmosphere purifying respirators, with a filtration

mechanism to purify the air- half-mask cartridge respirator- full-face piece cartridge respirator- gas masks- powered air purifying respirator (PAPR)

• atmosphere-supplying respirators provided with anexternal source of breathable air - self-contained breathing apparatus- air-line respirator

1.1.6 Hand, elbow and arm protectionAs in the case of clothing, a division can be madebetween ‘traditional’ working gloves and protective orsafety gloves.The application of traditional working gloves isuniversal, including consumer activities in and roundthe house. Materials used for these gloves are:• textile based: heavy-duty woven cotton, plain,

dipped, coated or faced with chrome leather. These so-called low-budget gloves are often boughtin large quantities at very low prices; their life cycle

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is short and their application is universal • leather• based on polymeric materials which may include

natural rubber, synthetic elastomer or PVC.

Protective or safety gloves are designed for specificworking circumstances and can vary from the lightestlatex glove to the heavy-duty gauntlet. Protective glovescan be divided into (non-exhaustive list):• cut-resistant gloves based on aramides (Kevlar etc.)• chemical-resistant gloves • heat-resistant gloves (welding, firefighting etc.)• cold-resistant gloves• disposable clothing• bacterial and viral protective gloves (medical or

surgical rubber-made gloves and cotton-made glovesfor food industries)

Household gloves are made from rubber or latex (just like surgical gloves), of which an important part is used for industrial activities.In this survey, gloves (usually with separated fingers)also include mitts or mittens (type of glove coveringfour fingers together and the thumb separately). Somegloves not only cover the hands but also the under-arm.

1.1.7 Foot and leg protectionIn general (light) industrial shoes are normal shoes butstronger than usual. Safety footwear is required formore specific working environments. Most of the safetyshoes protect against falling objects (steel toe caps) andagainst penetration by sharp objects (re-inforced soles)and/or anti-slip soles for slippery circumstances. Uppers are made of leather, rubber or PVC.Boots are used if the ankle requires protection or in thecase of wet working circumstances (Wellington boots)or are made of cut-resistant materials, when work has tobe done with chain saws for example in forestry. Otherspecific safety footwear are heat and cold resistant,anti-static etc. It has to be noted that at present anti-slip resistant doesnot fall under the scope of the EC Directive.

1.1.8 Descender devices (or protection against fallsfrom a height)

Products in this category vary from (safety) belts tofull-body harnesses and from lineyards to safety nets.Carabiners and hooks also belong to this category.

1.2 Customs/statistical productclassification

Appendix 1 of this report classifies the PPE articlesusing the 9-figure harmonised coding system(Combined Nomenclature). These numbers are used byCustoms, national official statistical institutes andEurostat for the European Union. Using the informationcontained in the appendix, it is possible to see whetherthe garments concerned are for men or women and howthey are made. Table 1.1 gives a list of the main HScodes for PPE.Another (less frequently used) system is the StandardInternational Trade Classification system (SITC),

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a 5-digit nomenclature drawn up by the United Nationsto promote international comparability of foreign tradestatistics.

Remarks on import and export statistics used in thissurvey:It should be noted that the available official statisticsconcern traditional workwear and do not cover the otherproduct groups. Uniforms are classified in the categorysuits and ensembles, specific workwear is classifiedunder rainwear etc.. Gloves of rubber concern surgical gloves, householdgloves and other rubber gloves. This category variesfrom the lightest disposable latex glove used for shortperiods (in food preparation, laboratory work etc.) to heavier qualities, non-impregnated as well asimpregnated, supported with a backing etc. The percentage of household gloves used in workingcircumstances or in private households is not known.For that reason, all kinds of rubber gloves are includedin trade statistics in this survey.Footwear in official statistics is limited to footwearincorporating a protective metal toe cap, and onlydivided into waterproof or other footwear. An extended list of protective products e.g. for legprotection, arm protection, hearing protection, fallprotection, is not covered by official statistics, which iswhy import and export statistics do not cover theseproducts.

Table 1.1 HS code classification of PPE

62.02 Men’s or boys’ woven workwear (ensembles, jackets and blazers, trousers and breeches, bib and brace overalls) of cotton, synthetic fibres or artificial fibres

62.04 Women’s or girls’ woven workwear (ensembles, jackets and blazers, trousers and breeches, bib and brace overalls) of cotton, synthetic fibres or artificial fibres

62.11.30 Men’s or boys’ industrial and occupational clothing (excluding knitted) of cotton or man-made fibres6211.40 Women’s or girls’ industrial and occupational clothing (excluding knitted) of cotton or man-made fibres40.15.10.000 Gloves of vulcanised rubber other than hard rubber 42.03.29.100 Leather and artificial leather protective gloves for all occupations 61.16.10.200 Knitted gloves, mittens and mitts impregnated, coated or covered with rubber 64.01.10 Waterproof footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastic, incorporating a protective

metal toe cap and with uppers of rubber or plastic64.02.30 Other footwear with outer soles and uppers of rubber or plastic, incorporating a protective metal toe cap

with uppers of rubber or plastic64.03.40 Footwear with outer soles of rubber, plastic, leather or composition leather and uppers of leather, incorporating a

protective metal toe cap 65.06.10 Safety headgear90.04.90 Protective glasses90.20.00 Breathing appliances and gas masks

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The European Union (EU) is the current name for theformer European Community. Since 1 January 1995 the EU has consisted of 15 member states. Negotiationsare in progress with a number of candidate memberstates, many of which already have extensive trade andco-operation agreements with the EU. It is envisagedthat 10 of these countries will become members in2004.

At the end of 2001, the size of the EU populationtotalled almost 380 million, of which 42 percent isactive in the labour process. The number of peopleworking in the service industry is increasing.

The most important aspect of the process of unification(of the former EC countries) which affects trade is theharmonisation of rules in the EU countries. As theunification allows free movement of capital, goods,services and people, the internal borders have beenremoved. Goods produced in or imported into onemember state can be moved around between the othermember states without restrictions. A precondition forthis free movement is uniformity in the rules andregulations concerning locally produced or importedproducts. Although the European Union is already afact, all the regulations have not yet been harmonised.Work is in progress on uniform regulations in the fields

of environmental pollution, health, safety, quality andeducation.

On 1 January 1999, the Euro (EUR) became the legalcurrency within eleven EU member states: Austria,Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland,Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal.Greece became the 12th member in June 2000. Their national currencies are now replaced by the Euro.Circulation of Euro coins and banknotes began on 1 January 2002 and gradually replaced nationalcurrency notes and coins, which were withdrawn by 1 July 2002.

The most recent (but still preliminary) Eurostat tradestatistics quoted in this survey are from the year 2001.On 1 January 1999, statistical and contractual values inECU were converted into Euro on a 1:1 exchange rate.The EUR / US$ exchange rate stands in July 2002 atUS$ 0.982 for one Euro. In this market survey, the Eurois the basic currency unit used to indicate value.

Table 2.1 Overview population and employment by economic activity in the EU, 2001

Population Labour force Agriculture Industry Services Unemployment2001 in millions in % in % in % rate in %

in millions

Austria 8.1 3.8 3 29 68 5.4 Belgium 10.3 4.3 2 25 73 8.4 Denmark 5.4 2.9 4 17 79 5.3 Finland 5.2 2.6 8 28 64 9.8 France 59.3 25.0 4 25 71 9.7 Germany 82.4 40.5 3 33 64 9.9 Greece 10.6 4.3 20 21 59 11.3 Ireland 3.9 1.8 8 28 64 4.1 Italy 58.0 23.4 6 32 62 10.4 Luxembourg 0.4 0.2 3 14 83 2.7 Netherlands 16.1 7.2 4 23 73 2.6 Portugal 10.3 5.5 10 30 60 4.3 Spain 40.4 17.0 8 28 64 14.0 Sweden 8.9 4.4 2 24 74 6.0 United Kingdom 60.1 29.2 1 19 80 5.5

EU (15) 379.6 172.1 5 26 69 8.3

Source: Eurostat (population) and CIA World Factbook 2001 (labour force etc.)

2 INTRODUCTION TO THE EU MARKET

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The most recent Eurostat trade statistics quoted in thissurvey are from the year 2001. These figures must beinterpreted and used with extreme caution. The collection of data regarding trade flows has becomemore difficult since the establishment of the singlemarket on 1 January 1993. Until that date, trade wasregistered by means of compulsory Customs proceduresat border crossings, but, since the removal of the intra-EU borders, this is no longer the case. Statisticalbodies like Eurostat cannot now depend on theautomatic generation of trade figures. In the case ofintra-EU trade, statistical reporting is only compulsoryfor exporting and importing firms whose trade exceedsa certain annual value. The threshold variesconsiderably from country to country, but it is typicallyabout € 100,000. As a consequence, although figuresfor trade between the EU and the rest of the world areaccurately represented, trade within the EU is generallyunderestimated.

Table 2.2 Exchange rates of EU currencies in US$, 1997-2002

Country Currency 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Mid2002

European Union ECU 1.13 1.12 - - -€ - - 1.065 0.922 0.900 0.982

Austria Ash 0.082 0.081 0.077 0.068 0.065 - Belgium Bfr 0.028 0.028 0.026 0.023 0.022 - Denmark Dkr 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.13 France Ffr 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 - Finland FM 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.15 - Germany DM 0.58 0.57 0.54 0.47 0.46 - Greece GRD 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.28 0.27 - Ireland I£ 1.52 1.42 1.38 1.20 1.17 - Italy L 0.59 0.58 0.55 0.48 0.46 - Netherlands NLG 0.51 0.51 0.48 0.42 0.41 - Portugal Esc 0.57 0.56 0.53 0.46 0.45 - Spain Ptas 0.68 0.67 0.64 0.55 0.54 - Sweden Skr 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 United Kingdom GB£ 1.64 1.66 1.62 1.51 1.45 1.53

Source: CBS Statline (July 2002)

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3 EU CONSUMPTION OF PPE

3.1 Market sizeThe market for PPE in the EU is estimated to have beenalmost € 7.0 billion in 2001. The market for traditionalworkwear and uniforms declined in the period 1998-2001 in favour of more specialist protectiveclothing. The market for protective equipment increased steadily in the same period. Germanyremained the most important market for PPE within the EU with a market share of 27 percent, followed bythe UK (18%), France (15%), Italy (12%), Spain (7%)and The Netherlands (5%). Total (average) expenditure per employee varied from € 54 for users of traditional workwear to € 505 of usersof one or more PPE products (respectively € 58 and485 in 1999) mainly caused by an increased demand for protective equipment (4% during the period 1999-2001).

Demand for PPE is a function determined (among otherfactors) by:• number of employees and their profession;• legislation, like the law on health and safety in the

working place, (the so-called ARBO/Factories Actand the EU-PPE legislation). These governmentaland EU measures resulted in an increasingconsciousness regarding safety in workingcircumstances and concern a broad range ofprotective products besides clothing, i.e. also othersafety products, from helmet to safety shoe;

• investments often derived from (expected) economicdevelopments;

• investments derived from increasing need forsecurity;

• change from uniforms to more casual fashion;• fashion influences (styles as well as colours), mainly

in workwear but also in footwear. Demand for thetraditional coverall or boilersuit decreased in favourof jacket and trouser or bib and brace combination.The use of thermal wear (body-warmers, waist coats,jackets incl. quilted jackets and anoraks grew;

• influence from competitive products, for instance themarket share of competitive products like disposableclothing grew, mainly due to hygienic aspects;

• corporate identity for medium and small enterprisescan be obtained by choosing special (house) colours,fabrics and logos. In this case no special design orlarge quantities are necessary.

Trends for the coming years:• Increasing spending on fire fighting, catastrophe

control and emergency services (terrorism).• Manufacturing activities will decrease further in

favour of activities in the service industry.• Total workforce will stabilise, while the number of

female employees as well as part-time employeeswill increase. Workforce in several sectors willincrease, especially in the retail sector (extendedopening hours) and in the health and care sector(ageing population).

• The market for workwear will slightly decrease inthe coming years in terms of volume and willstabilise in terms of value, which indicates a smallgrowth in prices. The PPE market will slightly

Table 3.1 Market size for PPE and workwear in the EU and major markets, 2001 (in € mln)

EU (15) Germany UK France Italy Spain Netherlands Other EU countries

Traditional workwear 2,010 604 332 329 239 115 88 303 Protective clothing 1,095 328 210 156 122 59 51 169 Corporate casualwear 269 49 56 35 41 20 34 34 Uniforms 715 194 139 121 102 49 14 96 Total clothing 4,089 1,175 737 641 504 243 187 602 Other PPE Gloves 1,022 248 202 165 160 75 45 127 Head, face and respiratory 1,004 272 192 126 109 111 75 119 Footwear 868 218 146 129 89 62 39 185

Total PPE 6,983 1,913 1,277 1,061 862 491 346 1,033

Derived from several sources

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increase in terms of volume against higher prices,caused by technical innovations and usage ofspecialised fabrics for protective clothing. The totalPPE market is estimated to grow by 3-4 percentannually.

3.2 Market segmentationAbout 80-90 million people in the EU wear corporateclothing and/or use other PPE products. This concernsprofessional clothing of the traditional workwear type(49%), image and/or careerwear (26%), uniforms (8%)and protective clothing (17%). Protective clothing isoften combined with traditional workwear or uniforms.The most important categories of end-user sectors forPPE are the sectors manufacturing, construction,mining, agriculture and public services (firefighting,defence, police etc.), while for traditional workwear all

categories are important. However, specific segmentscan be distinguished for the sectors retail,hotels/restaurants and health care with their ownspecific type of clothing. The proportion in the EUworkforce between male and female was 55/45 in 2001,while this ratio was 62/38 in 1994.

Agriculture etc. besides agriculture this also includeshorticulture, forestry and fishing. Employment forceconsists for 89 percent of agri- and horticulturalworkers. This sector is confronted with a downturn inemployment levels, resulting in decreased demand fortraditional workwear. Protective clothing is used toreduce exposure by workers who are directly orindirectly involved in pesticide applications. The relation between men and women is 67/33.Manufacturing covers 70 percent of total industrialemployment and can be divided into heavy and lightindustry. Heavy industry includes metal and metalproducts industry, machine construction and glass,while light industry includes petro- and chemical,electronic/technical, food, wood and paper, printing andpublishing, furniture, transport, textile and clothingindustry. Other industrial activities in the EU are public

utilities etc. The men/women ratio in manufacturing is72/28.Employment in the building and construction covered55% building, 30% installation and 15% finishing,while female participation is limited to 8 percent.The number of workforce in the trade sector can be

Table 3.2 Number of workforce by various market segments in the EU, 2001

2001 Using:

‘000 Work- Protect. Gloves Foot- Head- Breathing Fallworkers wear clothing wear gear eye and ear pro-

protection tection

Agriculture etc. 7,800 xxx x xx xx - xx -

Industry 45,400 - Mining and quarrying 300 xxx xx xxx xxx xxx xxx x - Manufacturing 31,800 xxx xx xx xx x xx - - Electricity, gas, water supply 1,300 xxx xx xx xx x x x - Construction 12,000 xxx xx xxx xx xxx x xx

Services 118,000 - Wholesale and retail, repairs 26,500 xxx - x x - - - - Hotels and restaurants 7,300 xxx xx x x - - - - Health care 16,800 xxx xx xxx xx x - - - Transport, communications 10,800 xx - x x - - - - Financial/business activities 22,100 - - - - - - - - Public services 13,800 xx xx xx xx x xx x - Other services 20,700 x - xx x - - -

Other 900 x - - - - - -

Total 172,100

Notes: - = none or very light usage; x = light usage; xx = medium usage; xxx = heavy usage Source: based on Labour force survey by Eurostat

divided into employment in retail (50%), wholesale(40%) and car trade (incl. repairs) 10%. Retail coversdepartment stores, supermarkets, butchers, chemists,hairdressers, grocers etc. The men/women ratio in thissector in total is 55/45, with major differences betweenthe segments distinguished, namely car trade (85/15),wholesale (70/30) and retail (40/60).Hotel, food and catering; characteristic for this sectoris the wide variety in functions with each specificworkwear. Kitchen, reception, serving and cleaningworkers have all specific (traditional) uniform workwear.The number of male and female workers in this sectoris almost the same (47/53). Hygiene is of greatimportance in the food and catering business to producehealthy, bacteria-free food. There are many differentcolours of clothing in this sector, but the dominantcolour is white because this colour is usually connectedwith hygiene and cleanliness. Tabards and apronsbecame very popular often combined with short jackets.

The health care and welfare sector employed 16.8million persons, of which 75% women. About 25% ofthe total workforce in this sector had employment inhospitals; many of them are nurses. The traditional all-white nurses’ dresses remained popular, howeversome suppliers offer many colours: several bluecolours, green, yellow, turquoise, pale grey etc. The nurses’ ensemble (jacket and trouser) became more

17

popular. Another 15% worked in other health care sectorslike dental, veterinary etc. The welfare sector consistedof workers in old people’s homes, home help etc..Nurse’s apparel is made of conventional fabrics, sinceno specific requirement is needed other than comfortand durability and fabrics should as be as little “seethrough” as possible. Composite fabrics are used forprotective clothing in isolation wards and intensive careunits. More advanced technologies, like membranes, areused for woven fabrics with breathing properties as wellas guaranteed impermeability for blood and body fluids,even after 75 washings. Applications are garments(aprons) for surgeons and dentists. In this sector,nurses’ dresses are replaced by tunics and trousers,while the traditional colours like white in Germany and The Netherlands, just like blue in the UK,are increasingly being replacedTransport and communication covers publictransport, like (national) railways, regional or localpublic transport (autobuses, trams etc.), post andtelecommunications. An important number of theemployees uses workwear, mostly uniforms. Wearers ofworkwear in road (cargo) transport are more limited.Post office and service uniforms have changedcompletely in some West European countries in the lastdecade, from traditional costumes of heavy fabrics touniforms (incl. outdoor jackets, sweaters etc.) with a

Table 3.3 Labour force by economic activities in selected markets within the EU, 2001 (in thousands)

Germany UK France Italy Netherlands

Agriculture etc. 1,200 400 1,000 1,300 280

Industry 13,500 6,540 6,250 7,500 1,660– Mining and quarrying 130 70 40 70 10– Manufacturing 8,820 4,610 4,300 5,150 1,080 – Electricity, gas, water supply 440 220 200 220 80– Construction 4,110 1,640 1,610 2,060 490

Services 25,800 22,260 17,750 14,500 5,260– Wholesale and retail, repairs 6,580 4,610 3,540 3,780 1,200– Hotels and restaurants 1,470 1,360 870 720 280 – Health care 3,770 2,940 2,640 2,490 810– Transports, communications 2,480 2,310 1,980 1,320 430– Financial intermediation 1,460 1,430 1,020 800 310– Business activities 2,840 3,080 2,330 1,620 780 – Public services 3,460 1,780 2,260 1,890 520– Other services 3,740 4,750 3,110 1,880 930

Total labour force 40,500 29,200 25,000 23,400 7,200

Male/female ratio 56/44 53/47 55/45 61/39 56/44

Source: based on Labour force survey by Eurostat

casual look, comfortable in working circumstances andenforcing the corporate image. Public services include governmental and localauthorities. The leading wearers of uniforms belong tothis sector, namely defence, police, fire brigades,customs, prisons, etc. often combined with severalkinds of protective equipment. Financial services include banks, building societies,insurance, investment brokers etc.. More and morebanking companies introduce corporate wear foremployees, in particular for counter/desk personnel,while business services include among others securitycompanies (uniforms), car rental-services, other rentalcompanies, cleaning companies etc. It should be notedthat these companies cover only a small part of thebroad range of service activities without any links toworkwear or protective equipment.Other services cover cultural activities as well asworkers in theatres, movie houses, charityorganisations, but also waste processing, sanitation.The category Other includes, among others, domesticservants.

3.3 Developments in selected markets withinthe EU

3.3.1 GermanyGermany possesses the world’s third mosttechnologically powerful economy (after the USA andJapan), with its capitalist market system tempered bygenerous welfare benefits. Structural market rigiditieshave made unemployment a long-term, not just acyclical, problem. Germany's aging population,combined with high unemployment, has pushed socialsecurity spending to a level exceeding contributionsfrom workers. The modernization and integration of theEast German economy remains a costly long-termproblem, with annual transfers from West Germanyamounting to roughly US$ 70 billion. Industrygenerates 30 percent of GDP and covers the world’slargest and most technologically advanced producers ofiron, steel, coal, cement, machinery, chemicals,

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automobiles, machine tools, electronics, food andbeverages, etc.. The German GDP growth rate for 2000was 3.0 percent and for 2001 only 0.6 percent.The large German market for PPE can be divided into:• diminishing markets for basic workwear as a result

of high unemployment in the manufacturing sector.A further decrease is expected for the coming years.

• a growing market for other PPE, mainly in terms ofvalue (a further growth is expected for the comingfour or five years). The increase in demand forspecialist protective clothing is the result of theEuropean safety legislation.

In general, German buyers (in particular publicauthorities and industrial buyers) have a highconsciousness regarding standards. Sometimes theirrequirements are higher than CE standards, whichstipulate that CE standards are minimum requirements.Parts of the German market (in particular SouthernGermany) are rather difficult to penetrate for exportersbecause there is a negative attitude in buying policyagainst products from foreign countries other than

North American and West European countries. In the sectors health care and retail, which employ alarge proportion of women, there is a difference instyling. In the health sector, it is very common forwomen to wear a tunic and trousers rather than a dressand there is a very wide variety of styles. In the retailsector, the variety in types of products is even wider.

3.3.2 The NetherlandsThe Netherlands is a prosperous and open economydepending heavily on foreign trade. The economy isnoted for stable industrial relations, moderate inflation,and an important role as a European transportation hub. Industrial activity features food processing,agro-industries, petroleum refining, chemicals,construction, microelectronics and metal-working. The agricultural sector employs 4 percent of the labourforce, but is highly mechanised, just like fishing. The economy achieved a growth of 3.5 percent or more

Table 3.4 Sales of workwear and protective clothing in Germany, 1999-2001

1999 2001 % change 2001/1999 mln garments € mln mln garments € mln volume value

Workwear 35.5 666 31.2 604 - 12.1% - 9.3% Protective wear 13.6 307 15.9 328 + 16.9% + 6.8% Uniforms 7.9 200 6.9 194 - 12.6% - 3.0% Corporate casual wear 4.5 42 5.0 49 + 11.1% + 16.7%

Total 61.5 1,215 59.0 1,175 - 4.1% - 3.3%

Derived from several sources

in several years before 2000, but GDP growth wasmuch lower in 2000 (1.1%) and 2001 (1.5%) while for2002 a growth of 1.5 is expected.Demand for PPE will grow in the coming years.Demand for workwear is expected to stabilise, whilethe demand for uniforms will further fall. The numberof small companies has increased in The Netherlands.Besides the kind of branch, the number of employees inan organisation is also important to the way in whichPPE is purchased. It is difficult for small organisationsto buy other than from wholesalers, retailers orcatalogues. Large companies can buy wherever theywish, but will for reasons of costs buy in largequantities direct from the manufacturer or through

tenders. Medium-sized companies buy mainly fromwholesalers. More information about distributionchannels is given in chapter 7.

3.3.3 FranceFrance is one of the four West European trillion-dollareconomies and matches a growing service sector with adiversified industrial base and substantial agriculturalresources. Industry generates one quarter of GDP andcovers steel, machinery, chemicals, automobiles,metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, mining, textiles and

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food processing. Tourism plays an important role in theservice sector. The telecommunications sector isgradually being opened to competition. France's leadersremain committed to a capitalism in which theymaintain social equity by means of laws, tax policies,and social spending that reduce income disparity andthe impact of free markets on public health and welfare.France is in the midst of transition, from an economythat featured extensive government ownership andintervention to one that relies more on marketmechanisms. The government remains dominant insome sectors, particularly power, public transport,and defense industries, but it has been relaxing itscontrol since the mid-1980s. French industrial

production growth rate was 3.1 percent in 2000 and 2.0percent in 2001.

Most opportunities lie in the field of traditionalworkwear, especially in the health sector and in thehotel and catering sector. Fashionable and functionalmedical clothing as well as horeca (hotel, restaurants,cafés) clothing, made of good quality fabrics, form amarket with possibilities. However, just like theconsumer clothing market, the French market is verydifficult to penetrate. Although the demand for

Table 3.5 Sales of workwear and protective clothing in The Netherlands, 1999-2001

1999 2001 % change 2001/1999 mln garments € mln mln garments € mln volume value

Workwear 4.7 91 4.6 88 - 2.1% - 3.3% Protective wear 2.3 47 2.5 51 + 8.7% + 8.5% Uniforms 0.7 38 0.6 34 - 14.0% - 10.5% Corporate casual wear 2.0 13 2.1 14 + 4.7% + 7.7%

Total 9.7 189 9.8 187 + 1.0% - 5.8%

Derived from several sources

Table 3.6 Sales of workwear and protective clothing in France, 1999-2001

1999 2001 % change 2001/1999 mln garments € mln mln garments € mln volume value

Workwear 14.7 323 15.1 329 + 2.7% + 1.9% Protective wear 8.1 133 8.8 156 + 10.9% + 17.3% Uniforms 3.6 115 3.4 121 - 5.5% + 5.2% Corporate casual wear 2.1 32 2.2 35 + 4.3% + 9.3%

Total 28.5 603 29.5 641 - 3.5% + 6.3%

Derived from several sources

specialist protective wear has risen, the bulk ofspecialist fabrics, as well as the garments themselves,are supplied by French companies.

3.3.4 UKThe UK is one of the world’s great trading powers andfinancial centres and its economy ranks among the fourlargest in Western Europe. Over the past two decadesthe government has greatly reduced public ownershipand contained the growth of social welfareprogrammes. Agriculture is intensive, highlymechanised and efficient by European standards,producing about 60 percent of food needs by employingonly 1 percent of the labour force. Primary energyproduction accounts for a very high 10 percent of GDP.Industry covers production machine tools, electricpower equipment, automation equipment, railroadequipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles andparts, electronics and communications equipment,metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paperproducts, food processing, textiles, clothing, and otherconsumer goods.Services, particularly banking, insurance, and businessservices, account by far for the largest proportion ofGDP while industry continues to decline in importance.The economy has grown steadily, the GDP growth rate

20

was 3 percent in 2000 and 2.2 percent in 2001 while for2002 a further growth of 2.0 percent is expected.

The UK is the leading producer in the EU of corporatewear. Demand for PPE grew in the period under review.Total demand for traditional workwear (around 17 million units in 2001) will decline in volume in thecoming years. Protective clothing will grow modestlybut against higher prices, caused by increased usage of(high-tec) specialised fabrics.

3.3.5 ItalyItaly has a diversified industrial economy withapproximately the same total and per capita output asFrance and the UK. Italy is divided into a developedindustrial north and a less developed agricultural southwhere unemployment is 20 percent. Industry generates30 percent of GDP and covers machinery, iron andsteel, chemicals, automobiles, textiles, clothing andfootwear, food processing and ceramics. Most rawmaterials needed by industry and more than 75% ofenergy requirements are imported. The Italian GDPgrowth rate is expected to reach less than 2 percent inthe coming years. Italy plays a major role in globalfootwear and clothing production, in spite of the high

Table 3.7 Sales of workwear and protective clothing in UK, 1999-2001

1999 2001 % change 2001/1999 mln garments € mln mln garments € mln volume value

Workwear 17.3 342 16.6 332 - 4.0% - 2.9% Protective wear 9.7 185 10.4 210 + 7.2% + 13.5% Uniforms 3.5 137 3.6 139 + 2.8% + 1.4% Corporate casual wear 3.7 54 3.9 56 + 5.3% + 3.6%

Total 34.2 718 34.5 737 + 0.9% + 2.6%

Derived from several sources

Table 3.8 Sales of workwear and protective clothing in Italy, 1999-2001

1999 2001 % change 2001/1999 mln garments € mln mln garments € mln volume value

Workwear 12.5 239 12.3 239 - 1.6% + 0.2% Protective wear 6.0 106 6.5 122 + 7.1% + 15.1% Uniforms 1.5 39 1.5 41 - 0.3% + 5.0% Corporate casual wear 1.2 96 1.4 102 + 1.7% + 6.2%

Total 21.2 480 21.7 504 + 2.4% + 5.0%

Derived from several sources

cost of labour. Nearly 85 percent of Italian footwearproduction is exported. Factors contributing directly tothe Italian success are the price, fashion and creativitylinked to wearing apparel, technological innovation andproduct quality. Tourism plays an important role in theservice sector.

Compared to the other major EU markets (Germany,France and the UK) Italy has the least developedcorporatewear market despite recent growth in bothvolume and value terms. A further growth is expectedto continue. Demand for basic workwear declined veryslowly contrary to developments in many other EUcountries.

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22

4 PRODUCTION OF PPE

4.1 Production of workwear and protectiveclothing

4.1.1 EU production of workwear and protectiveclothing

Production of workwear and protective clothingdecreased in almost all EU countries in the period1997-2001. Total production fell 3.4 percent from53,370 tons to 51,540 tons in the period 1997-1999,while this fall was 4.0 percent in the period 1999-2001.There was an annual average fall of 1.8 percent duringthe whole period under review. The strongest falls werein UK, Ireland, Germany and France, while Italyimproved its production. The UK has been the leadingproducer of workwear and protective clothing in the EUsince 1994.

The most important company producing workwear and protective clothing in Europe is the ScandinavianKansas/Wenaas A/S. This group with a turnover of € 387 million in 2001 operates in 10 Europeancountries and in the USA and includes among othersbrands like Fristads (Sweden), Kansas (Denmark),Wenaas (Norway), KLM Kleding (The Netherlands)and Adolphe Lafont (France) Other important manufacturers in the EU are AlexandraWorkwear (€ 118.5 mln in 2000) in UK; BerendsenSafety (€ 45.0 mln in 2000) in Denmark; Delta PlusGroup (€ 91 mln in 2000) and Molinel (€ 25 mln in2000) both in France; and Maxxim Medical Belgium (€ 20.0 mln in 2000).EU market leader in the sector protective clothing isSioen Industries in Belgium (an integrated company

with a total turnover of € 226 million in 2001),of which sales of the clothing division grew to € 75.8 million in the same year. Many Europeanmanufacturers combine workwear and protectiveclothing.

4.1.2 German production of workwear andprotective clothing

The number of manufacturers in Germany has beensteadily declining. The number of employees has alsobeen shrinking, to reach 77 thousand in 2000.Most German manufacturers import and outwardprocess (OPT), as well as producing in Germany.Production of workwear in Germany has declined since1990. The domestic production is shifting towardshighly specialised products or technical apparel.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

UKSpa

inIta

ly

German

y

France

Denmark

Belgium

Portug

al

Greece

Netherl

ands

Irelan

d

1997

1999

2001

tons

Source: Eurostat

Figure 4.1 Production of workwear and protective clothing in the EU, 1997-2001

Table 4.1 Figures for the clothing industry inGermany, 1996-2000

1996 1998 2000Number of companies 1079 821 784 Of which in workwear 64 52 49 Employees (’000) 92.9 78.1 76.8 Of which in workwear 3.4 2.8 2.5 Turnover (bn US $) 14.7 12.8 12.1 Of which in workwear 0.5 0.4 0.4

Source: BBI

Almost 36 percent of German workwear sales areaccounted for by just eight major German companies:Mercatura Holding, Eurodress GmbH, E. Stein AG,Bierbaum-Proenen GmbH & Co KG, DK-Berufsmoden,Kansa Workwear, Paul H.Kübler Bekleidungswerke(including the brands Kuebler, Kempel and Ascari),and Marquardt & Schultz Workwear GmbH.Other important manufacturers, which have workwearin their assortment, are: Adolf Ahlers AG, with brandnames Pionier and Solida and factories for instance inSri Lanka; Greiff Mode GmbH, brand name Greiff;C.A. Fischer GmbH, Wilhelm Merk GmbH & Co., andA. Sorg & CombH. Specialised in protective clothing are Köninger GmbH,Wolfgang Mauser Schutzbekleidung (just like Eibe,manufacturer of safety shoes, part of Asatex AG), AlwitGmbH (heat- and cut-resistant clothing).

4.1.3 Netherlands production of workwear andprotective clothing

The number of companies, operating in the workwearand protective clothing sector, amounted to around 130 companies of which 20% manufacturers. All manufacturers have activities abroad throughexports or (sales) companies (EHCO-KLM, VanPuijenbroeck in Germany among others), just as foreignproducers have a Netherlands office: Alexandra (whichoriginated in the UK), Faithfull (UK), Snickers(Sweden), Alsico (Belgium) etc. Sales by the Netherlands industrial clothing industries,including production which has been produced abroadunder contract for Netherlands companies, fell byalmost 5 percent in 2001 to € 86 million, of whichmore than 75% went to the domestic market.The most important manufacturers are Ehco-KLM (part of the Scandinavian Kansas/Wenaas Group),Van Puijenbroeck, KCFS, Hensen and Prof Tech Styles (part of Carhart/USA).

4.1.4 Production of workwear and protectiveclothing in other EU countries

Major producers of workwear in the UK besidesAlexandra Workwear are Dickies, Faithfull, EdwardMc. Bean and Mayo Workwear. Most of thesecompanies have a limited or extended (in the case of Mc. Bean) protective clothing production. French manufacturers of protective clothing are oftenspecialised in products for specific industries likeforestry (SIP Protection), aluminium industry (EPI),food processing industry (Metal Chainex) etc.. A broadrange of protective clothing is offered by CIN (part ofthe Belgian Sioen Group). Delta Plus is a manufacturerof protective clothing, which operates as distributor ofthe whole PPE range, mainly imported from UK.Many manufacturers of workwear operate in Italy,but most of them are small and medium-sizedenterprises (SMEs). The most important manufacturersare Grassi Alfredo SpA in Varese, Mario de Cecco SpA

23

in Sambucato, Siggi Confezioni SpA in Vicenza andGruppo Loyal in Piza.Specialists in protective clothing in Belgium are: SioenIndustries Groep, Seyntex, Vandeputte and DeweerSecurity; in Denmark: Engel; in Ireland: D. MegalProtective Clothing, T. O’Gorman & Son and WestportClothing; in Sweden: Snickers Europe and Tegma; in Finland: Tukku Tuote Oy; in Portugal: Sintimex andSynfiber; in Spain: Itturi, Jose de la Cruz and Sibol and in Norway: Öglaend Pioner. American companies with locations in several EUcountries among others are Kappler with protectiveclothing, Aearo with safety products for industry andhealth care, 3M with products for respiratory protection(including Racal Health and Safety) and high-visibilityclothing, MSA with a full range of PPE and theKimberley Clark Corporation, which offers disposableprotective clothing, mainly complete body-covers.It has to be noted that the list of companies mentionedabove (just like in other chapters) is non exhaustive!

4.1.5 Delocalisation of workwear production The restructuring policy of many manufacturingcompanies in the EU during the last two decades led torelocation of the clothing production, includingworkwear. The foreign policy of clothing companiestakes many forms, most of the largest companiesentered joint ventures in low-cost countries or havebuilt up their own factories abroad. Otherwise, it ispossible to identify three basic concepts:• Outward Processing Trade (OPT), only the most

labour intensive piecework such as sewing andpacking has been relocated. For the sake of qualitycontrol, the whole handling of fabrics or leather,including dyeing and printing, is retained in the EUhome country. The same goes for the quality controland the distribution to the customer.

• Cut, Make and Trim (CMT) indicates a further stepin the relocation. Here the whole manual productionhas been relocated, and the material purchase is heldon to for efficiency and quality reasons. The qualitycontrol has been relocated too and is typicallymanaged by travelling controllers.

• Sourcing from Own Design (SOD) concentrates 100 percent on knowledge-intensive parts of theproduction process. The suppliers abroad receivecomplete specifications for the design, quality of thefabric, accessories and other materials etc.Subsequently, they manage the purchase of thematerials themselves. This form is most usual toimporters/wholesalers and a minority of themanufacturing companies.

The form of CMT is frequently employed in anestimated 50 percent of the clothing companies incountries like Sweden, Denmark, The Netherlands andGermany; the OPT form (mainly with CEECs) is usedby 30 percent and SOD accounts for about 20 percent

of companies in the clothing industry in the fourcountries mentioned. The foreign policy gives EUmanufacturers the possibility to maintain control overthe management and quality of the outsourcingoperations and to respond quickly to changing marketdemands. When products from foreign production, subcontracting and sourcing are imported, this occursunder a regime of direct imports with trade restrictions.The garments produced under OPT restrictions are re-imported at preferential tariffs (on added value).

OPT in workwear will be discussed in chapter 4.2.,while in chapter 5 total imports including OPT, CMTand SOD will be discussed.

EU OPT for workwear increased 12 percent to € 187million in 2001 after a fall in the previous year of 13percent. OPT appeared to constitute 13.5 percent of EUworkwear imports in 2001, while it had accounted forsome 23 percent in 1997. This change is mainly due tothe fact that, since 1 January 1998, all textile andclothing imports from the CEECs have been liberalised,and CMT is no longer necessarily statistically recordedas such. A true estimate of CMT suggests that the shareof CMT imports in total EU imports of clothing mayhave been as high as 20 percent in 1998.Outward processing trade in workwear is mainly used by German and Danish manufacturers.

The delocalisation of workwear production in theeighties to Tunisia and Morocco was followed by anincreasing trade with East European countries likePoland, (former) Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungaryetc.. Since the mid-nineties, ‘new’ countries in CEECs,

24

like Russia, Ukraine, Slovakia, the Baltic states(Lithuania, Estonia), Macedonia, Albania, Belarus andto a lesser degree Asian countries (Vietnam, Pakistanetc.) have also become trading partners. For somedecades close relations have been valid (based onhistorical links) for France and Morocco, Germany andTunisia, The Netherlands and former-Yugoslavia etc..These relations are more and more replaced by relationsbased on economic aspects like labour costs, distancesetc..

4.2 EU production of other PPE

4.2.1 IntroductionMost of the manufacturers of PPE are specialists inonly one product group. However, a small number ofcompanies makes a range of different product groups.The need for offering a complete ‘from top to toe’range to the clients is filled in by purchasing from othercompanies and taking the position of distributor or re-seller. Many companies operate world-wide and havesales offices or establishments in often more than one(EU) country. Sales policy can be focussed on one ormore sectors (health, building etc.). Only a fewmanufacturers and/or distributors serve all end-users inthe varying sectors.Besides manufacturers, a lot of wholesalers are active ineach of the EU countries. Their assortment is built upfrom collections of several domestic and foreign

manufacturers; this will be discussed in chapter 7. Leading suppliers with world wide or pan-Europeanactivities and a fairly complete assortment are Bacou-Dalloz SA, formed by a merger of ChristianDalloz and Group Bacou and Delta Plus (both from

Table 4.2 OPT in workwear by EU countries, 1999-2001 (in € ‘000)

1999 2000 2001 The leading trade partners in 2001

Germany 96,741 72,380 78,373 Poland (23%); Slovakia (16%); Tunisia (14%); Czech Rep. (8%) Denmark 39,468 34,169 34,079 Belarus (20%); Poland (20%); Ukraine (18%); Russia (17%)France 13,381 12,606 24,231 Morocco (37%); Bulgaria (32%); Tunisia (15%) ; Romania (9%)Sweden 10,198 11,898 14,193 Russia (63%); Ukraine (15%); Vietnam (12%)UK 4,351 11,102 13,437 Indonesia (20%); Belarus (19%); UAE (18%); Morocco (16%)Netherlands 11,720 12,948 10,749 Macedonia (43%); Belarus (26%); Hungary (21%) Finland 2,679 3,299 4,567 Russia (94%)Italy 3,775 3,656 4,526 Albania (46%); Romania (39%); Serbia Montenegro (8%)Belgium 2,951 2,996 1,156 Bangladesh (31%); Poland (24%); Albania (16%) Greece 1,906 882 1,046 Bulgaria (57%); Macedonia (22%); Serbia Mont. (21%)Austria 4,232 705 622 Czech Rep. (60%); Slovakia (38%)Other (4) 199 66 58 Slovakia (66%); Bulgaria (34%)

EU (15) 191,601 166,707 187,037 Poland (14%); Russia (11%); Tunisia (8%); Ukraine (8%); Slovakia (7%)

Source: Eurostat

France) and Uvex Arbeitsschutz GmbH (fromGermany). The consolidated turnover of Bacou was € 418 million in 2001 and for Delta Plus € 69 million.Besides Uvex, many German companies in the PPEsector operate in other EU countries, for instanceDräger and Schubert. On the other side, manycompanies with headquarters in other countries haveoperations in Germany like Sabre Protector Group,Comasec group, Mapa professional, Pulsafe Group,Aearo Group, Bacou, Bata and Jalatte. Most of theseinternationally operating companies work under other(German) names in Germany, unlike countries such asthe UK, France and The Netherlands.

4.2.2 Safety footwearItaly is Europe’s largest producer of footwear (ahead ofSpain and France) and fifth largest in the world. Italianproduction of safety footwear was about 42 millionpairs in 2001, while France produced 10 million andGermany 3 million pairs. Other countries with safetyfootwear production are the UK and to a lesser degreeThe Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and Belgium. Specialised producers of safety footwear are BataIndustrials and Emma in The Netherlands, Jalatte SAand Lemaître Sécurité with headquarter in France andFTG in Italy. Specialists in safety footwear in The Netherlandsbesides Bata Industrials are Gerba and Chroomleder-fabriek Brabant. Footwear manufacturers in the UK areTotectors Ltd. (leading manufacturer supplying the UKmarket), C.W.S. Goliath, Tuf Work and Safety Wear.

4.2.3 Protective glovesNo statistics are available on the production ofprotective gloves, however, EU production of industrialgloves is not very big. The types of gloves which areproduced fall into the category of the more expensivequality gloves. Apart from general industrial gloves,speciality items are produced, such as surgeon’s glovesand heat-resistant gloves.Specialised manufacturers are the Australian companyAnsell Edmont with offices in UK for gloves and MapaProfessional (UK). Much smaller are the manufacturersVan Wee and Prevent, both in The Netherlands.Specialists in (textile) gloves are John Ward andBennett Safety Wear both in the UK and Rehamij inThe Netherlands.

4.2.4 Air purification (respiratory), eye and earprotection

An important specialised manufacturer for respiratoryprotection (equipment, masks) is DrägerSicherheitstechnik GmbH from Germany. A majormanufacturing company in The Netherlands, inparticular welders’ goggles and face shields, respiratoryprotection, hearing protection and helmets isArkon/Focus Veilig. Comasec makes respiratoryprotection in France.

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UK companies with activities in many Europeancountries are Racal Health & Safety (respiratoryprotection), Pulsafe (respiratory protection and eyeprotection), Protector Sabre and Centurion SafetyProducts (these companies have products for eye,hearing, breathing and head protection).Another specialised company is Dalloz Safety GmbH(former name Bilsom International and now part ofBacou-Dalloz SA) which makes products forrespiratory protection, eye protection and hearingprotection.

4.2.5 Safety headgearSpecialised manufacturers in safety headgear areSchuberth Helme GmbH (Germany); JSP is the leadingmanufacturer of helmets in the UK and alsomanufactures respiratory and ear protectors; HelmetIntegrated Systems, W.G. Eaton and Hogarth Safety (all in the UK).

5 IMPORTS OF PPE

5.1 Total importsBefore we take a look at the import figures for PPE intothe EU, it should be noted that all data presented in thischapter are official trade figures provided by Eurostat.We therefore refer to the remarks in chapter 1,explaining that official statistics are not always all-embracing and should be interpreted with care.Figure 5.1 covers imports for the period 1999-2001. Total EU imports of PPE rose from € 3.3 billion in1999 to almost € 3.9 billion in 2001 (+ 16%). Importsincreased in terms of volume by 14.7 percent to 405thousand tons in 2001, which indicated that averageimport prices increased from € 7.94 in 1999 to € 8.83in 2001.

Germany remained the leading importer, with an importshare of 21 percent in terms of value, followed byFrance (17%), UK (almost 17%), Italy (11%) andBelgium (almost 7%). The Netherlands (almost 7%)ranked sixth, followed by Spain (5%) and Sweden (4%).EU imports increased strongly (+ 16.1%) in the period1999-2001, primarily (15.6%) in 2000. EU countriescan be divided, according to developments in value ofimports during this period, into:• Decreased imports in Germany (-2.4%);• Very slowly growing imports in Belgium (+1.6%);• Growing imports (growth between 10 and

26

16 percent), but under the EU average growth, in The Netherlands, Sweden, Austria and Denmark;

• Fast growing imports (growth between 16 and 25percent) above the EU average in France and Greece;

• Booming imports (growth more than 25 percent) in Italy (+30%), Finland (+33%), Spain (34%),UK (+35%), and Ireland (36%).

This strong variation in developments in imports ofPPE per EU country depends on several factors likesize and structure of domestic production of PPE, thepossibilities and size of re-exports, developments indemand (end-users) as described in chapter 3.1. Nearlyall EU members have a substantial own production of(safety) footwear, headgear, glasses and breathingappliances. Import shares for these product groups aremuch lower than for the remaining groups. Gloves, inparticular made of rubber, came from countries withlow-labour costs and often with production at a shortdistance from the source of rubber. At the same time,the relatively high share in the cost of clothing resultedin a high percentage of re-location of production, withthe exception of southern countries, like Portugal,Spain, Greece and Italy.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Euro million

1999

2000

2001

Spain

Italy

German

y

France

Finlan

d

Denmark

Austri

a

Sweden

United

King

dom

Belgium

Portug

al

Greece

Netherl

ands

Irelan

d

Source: Eurostat

Figure 5.1 EU imports of PPE by country in terms of value, 199-2001

EU imports by area of originThe role of developing countries increased considerablyand the difference between imports from these countriesand intra-EU trade as well as from other area outsidethe EU became much bigger: 52 percent of the volumeand 44 percent of the value of EU PPE imports camefrom developing countries in 2001. Imports from EU countries grew slowly and much lessthan the average growth. Imports from ACP countries(mainly workwear from two countries: Madagscar andMauritius) and imports from South Africa decreased.The biggest increase was for developing countries inAsia, Central and Eastern Europe and South America,although total imports from the latter were very limited. Imports from ‘other countries’ showed a growth of 2.5 percent above the (total) average, however, with bigdifferences between the several areas. Imports fromother West European countries, CEECs and SouthAmerica increased considerably while imports fromAsian (not classified as developing) countries grewslowly and far below the average growth, while importsfrom the USA and Canada even decreased.

The EU’s leading suppliers of PPE in terms of valuewere: China (9.4% in 2001 and 8.5% in 1999),Malaysia (7.5% in 2001 and 8.4% in 1999) and Tunisia(6.9% in 2001 and 7.82 % in 1999). Five EU countriesfollowed the top three: Italy, Belgium, Germany, Franceand United Kingdom. Thailand remained the EU’s 9th

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supplier of PPE ahead of India and the USA. Othersources of imports from outside the EU were Poland(12th), Morocco (14th), Pakistan (15th), Japan (16th),Sri Lanka (17th), Czech Republic (18th) and Slovakia(19th). The ranking of the 20 leading suppliers of PPEto the EU was just the same as in the previous year. Imports from nearly all leading countries increased inthe period 1999-2001 in (absolute) terms of valueexcept imports from Belgium, France, The Netherlands,USA and Sri Lanka.

5.2 Imports by product groupsEU imports of all categories of PPE increased in theperiod 1999-2001 in terms of volume (tons) and ofvalue, respectively by 14.7 and 16.1 percent, whichindicates 1.3 percent higher import prices. Import pricesof workwear (including protective clothing) andbreathing appliances increased in the period underreview, while the other categories showed a decrease. Total imports rose strongly in volume in 2000 (+13%)and in 2001 (+ 2%) mainly caused by gloves in 2000and by the categories clothing and footwear in 2000. A large proportion of workwear imports results fromCMT and they tend generally to be low-priced items.

5.2.1. Workwear and protective clothingGermany again consolidated its leading position as animporter of workwear and protective clothing in theperiod under review. Nevertheless, the German imports

Table 5.1 EU imports of PPE by product group in terms of value, 2001

Imports of product groups in % of total imports value:

Euro (€) million Clothing Footwear Gloves Headgear Glasses Breathingappliances

Austria 157 30 10 38 10 8 4 Belgium 259 35 10 38 8 6 3 Denmark 137 48 14 22 7 3 6 Finland 65 47 2 29 12 5 5 France 660 40 10 27 11 5 7 Germany 797 42 12 32 6 4 4 Greece 29 31 9 36 15 5 4 Ireland 60 40 17 27 4 5 7 Italy 430 27 17 37 6 6 7 Luxembourg 9 32 26 24 5 8 5 Netherlands 255 38 10 33 6 6 7 Portugal 34 12 23 38 13 8 6 Spain 175 24 6 43 10 8 9 Sweden 160 46 13 23 8 4 6 United Kingdom 655 29 15 29 10 8 9

EU (15) 3,882 36 12 32 8 6 6

Source: Eurostat

share decreased considerably in terms of value and involume. France retained its second position afterGermany, however, the distance between these countriesbecame much smaller. The Netherlands ranked fifthafter the UK and Italy, despite the rather low re-exportsof workwear by this country (compared with casualwear, underwear, footwear etc.). Belgium ranked sixthbefore Sweden and Denmark.

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Two-piece worksuits or ensembles cover hotel andcatering tunics as well as health-care tunics, whileoveralls cover bib ’n braces in the import statistics. The category “other woven workwear” consists ofproducts like coveralls, aprons, tabards, waistcoats etc.Imports of women’s workwear increased more stronglythan men’s workwear in terms of volume against higheraverage import prices. Average import prices of men’s

Table 5.2 Imports of PPE into the EU by area of origin, 1997-2001 (in millions euro)

1997 1999 2001 Change in % € mln € mln € mln 2001/1997 2001/1999

Total imports 2,969 3,343 3,882 + 30.8% + 16.1% of which from:EU (15) 1,107 1,212 1,290 + 16.5% + 6.4%

Developing countries:– ACP 11 12 11 + 0.1% - 6.3% – Central & East Europe 55 54 66 + 19.9% + 21.5% – Mediterranean 296 356 414 + 39.9% + 16.3% – Asia 901 966 1,220 + 35.4% + 26.3% – Central & South America 10 10 12 + 22.5% + 23.6% – other developing countries 2 3 3 + 33.9% - 11.9% Total developing countries 1,275 1,401 1,726 + 35.3% + 23.2%

Other countries:– Western Europe 16 16 27 + 68.0% + 76.0% – Central & East Europe 305 406 531 + 74.1% + 30.8% – North America 128 148 135 + 5.4% - 8.7% – Asia 134 155 165 + 22.7% + 6.6% – South America 4 5 8 + 87.7% + 54.2% Total other countries 587 730 866 + 47.5% + 18.6%

Source: Eurostat

Table 5.3 Leading (10) supplying countries of PPE to the EU ranking in terms of value, 2001

Total PPE Workwear Protective Safety Protective Protective Breathinggloves footwear headgear glasses appliances

1 China Tunisia Malaysia Italy Italy China USA 2 Malaysia China China Tunisia Japan Taiwan UK3 Tunisia Poland Thailand China Germany USA Germany4 Italy Morocco Belgium France China Germany France5 Belgium Belgium India Germany France France Netherlands6 Germany Slovakia Sri Lanka India South Korea UK Ireland7 France Czech Rep. Pakistan Portugal Taiwan Japan Italy8 UK Bulgaria UK Netherlands UK Belgium Sweden9 Thailand Romania USA Finland Spain Italy Spain10 India Germany France Spain Sweden Austria Finland

Source: Eurostat

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workwear increased by 5.5 percent and for women 10.8 percent in the period 1999-2001.The number of female employees increased just like theimport share of workwear for women. It proves thatdifferences in workwear between sexes became morevisible, in addition to the unchanged position of thetraditional unisex products.The strong position of cotton stabilised; almost 55 percent of EU workwear and protective clothing

imports were cotton-made, while this percentage wasstill 58 in 1998.

EU imports increased considerably in volume (in weight an average of almost 5 percent annually)against much lower prices. The development in total(average) import prices showed the following decrease(in US$): in 1996 18.84 per kg; 15.87 in 1998 and14.05 in 2000. This development in import prices is

Table 5.4 EU imports of PPE by product type in volume and value, 1998-2001

1999 2000 2001

‘000 million ‘000 million ‘000 milliontons Euro tons Euro tons Euro

Workwear and protective clothing 79.7 1,172 86.2 1,330 88.3 1,386Other protective equipment:– footwear 29.2 376 36.1 456 37.3 474– gloves 222.5 1,089 249.7 1,212 252.9 1,226– headgear 10.5 285 13.6 360 12.5 327– glasses 6.7 205 7.8 237 9.4 226– breathing appliances/gas masks 4.6 216 5.4 271 4.7 243

Total PPE 353.2 3,343 398.8 3,866 405.1 3,882

Source: Eurostat

Table 5.5 EU imports of workwear and protective clothing by country, 1999-2001

1999 2000 2001tons mln Euro tons mln Euro tons mln Euro

Germany 23,636 354.0 22,060 343.9 22,139 332.1France 14,726 208.3 16,992 242.6 17,873 262.3United Kingdom 6,238 103.4 7,329 153.9 8,762 189.4Italy 7,862 86.3 8,792 106.4 9,620 117.6Netherlands 6,051 90.3 6,854 105.9 6,531 96.4Belgium 5,442 81.5 6,516 95.6 5,754 89.7Sweden 3,701 64.9 3,972 73.9 4,060 73.9Denmark 4,764 63.2 4,590 60.8 4,368 66.0Austria 2,211 43.6 2,319 44.4 2,149 47.0Spain 2,636 28.3 3,139 40.5 3,268 42.1Finland 1,126 23.0 1,425 27.0 1,474 30.2Ireland 591 13.9 752 19.6 920 23.7Greece 450 6.3 1,216 9.3 979 9.0Portugal 126 2.6 129 3.0 348 4.1Luxembourg 89 2.8 96 3.0 58 2.9

EU (15) 79,649 1172.4 86,181 1329.8 88,303 1386.4

Source: Eurostat

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valid for all major product categories; however, importprices of cotton workwear decreased to a much lesserdegree than prices of workwear of man-made fibres. Workwear imports came for 45 percent (in terms ofvalue) from developing countries, of which almost halffrom Mediterranean countries, while 39 percentoriginated in Asia. However, the import share from theMediterranean Rim decreased, while imports fromAsian developing countries increased considerably. An increasing share of 31 percent of total EU importsof workwear came from (non-developing) Central andEast European countries (Poland, Slovakia, CzechRepublic, Bulgaria and Romania).

5.2.2 FootwearEU imports of protective footwear came for 54 percent(in terms of volume) from other EU countries in 2001,this share having been 61 percent in 1999. Footwear with uppers of leather accounted for 89percent in volume and 92 percent in value of total EUimports. Italy remained the leading supplier (8.6 millionpairs or almost 32 percent of total imports) followed byTunisia (24%), China, (8%), France (7%) and India(5%) in 2001. Average import prices decreased in thismajor product category of protective footwear in theperiod 1999-2001: the EU import price in 2001amounted to an average of € 16.02 per pair (in 1999:

€ 17.43). Average import prices from Italy were € 14.59, from Tunisia € 11.87, from China € 18.23,from France € 19.98 and from India € 13.00. Waterproof protective footwear came mainly from otherEU countries in the period under review. Leading EUsuppliers in 2001 were The Netherlands, Italy, Portugal,Germany, France and Spain.

5.2.3 HeadgearThe EU average price of total EU imports of plastichelmets amounted to € 12.82 (in 1999 € 14.02). Italyremained the leading supplier in 2001 with 4.1 millionunits (22%). Average import prices of plastic safetyhelmets from the leading exporting countries to the EUvaried from € 4.24 (China) and 7.50 (Taiwan) to 14.05(Germany) and 19.92 (Italy). Prices in 2001 were about9 percent lower than in 1999.Helmets made of materials other than plastic came inthe first place from Italy: 480 thousand units with anaverage import price of € 40.23, followed by China(257 thousand units; import price € 11.21) and Taiwan245 thousand units; import price € 11.03). Muchsmaller quantities but against much higher prices camefrom Japan and the USA. This category includes avariety of materials used, which resulted in bigdifferences in average import prices.

Table 5.6 EU imports of workwear and protective clothing by product type in volume and value, 1999-2001

1999 2000 2001‘000 mln ‘000 mln ‘000 mlntons Euro tons Euro tons Euro

By type of clothingTwo-piece work suits 2.3 39.2 2.5 43.6 3.1 59.5Jackets and blazers 10.2 174.1 10.9 197.5 10.9 200.0Trousers and breeches 19.6 312.1 21.5 343.6 22.3 356.9Overalls 10.9 144.5 10.2 148.4 10.3 142.8Other workwear 36.6 502.4 41.1 596.6 41.7 627.2Total 79.6 1172.3 86.2 1329.7 88.3 1386.4

By sex- for men or boys 64.8 950.7 69.4 1052.3 69.8 1079.6- for women or girls 14.8 221.6 16.8 277.4 18.5 306.8

Total 79.6 1172.3 86.2 1329.7 88.3 1386.4

By materials used- cotton 45.7 582.7 47.1 645.7 48.0 664.7- synthetics 17.2 307.9 18.8 345.3 19.7 364.3- artificial 1.0 22.9 1.1 25.5 0.8 22.2- man-made fibres 15.7 258.8 19.2 313.2 19.8 335.2Total 79.6 1172.3 86.2 1329.7 88.3 1386.4

Source: Eurostat

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5.2.4 GlovesDeveloping countries dominated EU imports ofprotective gloves. Almost 60 percent of the total 4.6 billion pairs came from developing countries. This percentage is the same as for imported rubbergloves, namely 60 percent of 4.1 billion pairs. Malaysiaremained by far the most important supplier followedby Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Belgium and China.Asian countries also dominated EU imports of leatherprotective gloves. China exported 183 million pairs toEU countries with an average price of € 0.66, followedat distance by India (60 million pairs at an average of € 1.16) and Pakistan (43 million pairs, average € 0.91).Cotton knitted gloves impregnated, coated etc. withrubber came for 20 percent from Belgium (averageprice € 1.64) and almost the same volume came fromSri Lanka (average price € 0.82), China ranked thirdwith 9.4 million pairs at € 0.68 followed by Tunisia andMalaysia. Imports of cotton knitted gloves, mittens and mittscoated etc. with plastic came from China (13.9 million

pairs at an average price of € 0.57), Pakistan (12.6 mlnpairs at an average import price of € 0.54). Hong Kongand South Korea exported respectively 8.0 million (€ 0.47) and 7.9 million pairs (€ 1.44) to the EU andSri Lanka 6.4 million pairs (€ 0.76).

5.2.5 Protective glassesPlastic glasses accounted for 65 percent of EU importsof this product group and came mainly from China(22%), Taiwan 17%), Germany (9%), USA and Austria(each country 5%), and Italy (4%).Protective glasses of materials other than plastic camefrom China (28%), USA (15%), Taiwan (12%), France(5%), Switzerland (5%), and Italy (4%).

5.2.6 Breathing appliancesLeading suppliers of full breathing appliances and gasmasks for civil aircraft were USA (29% of EU importsin terms of value), South Korea (12%), Hong Kong andFrance (each country 7%) and Germany (5%). Leading suppliers of other breathing appliances and gas

Table 5.7 EU imports of protective gloves by type of materials used (million pairs), 1996-2001

Rubber Leather Cotton Total gloves % changeSurgical House- Other Total

hold rubber

1996 1,535 429 1,207 3,171 326 114 3,611 -1997 1,712 489 1,193 3,394 322 145 3,861 + 6.9%1998 1,735 470 1,423 3,628 347 141 4,116 + 6.6%1999 1,783 496 1,612 3,891 341 151 4,383 + 6.5%2000 1,708 476 1,866 4,050 352 171 4,573 + 4.4%2001 1,836 454 1,805 4,095 337 174 4,606 + 0.7%

Source: Eurostat

Table 5.8 Share of developing countries in EU imports, 1997-2001 (in % of value)

1997 1999 2001

in % of in % of in % of in % of in % of in % of total extra-EU total extra-EU total extra-EU

imports imports imports imports imports imports

Workear/protective clothing 45 61 47 61 44 56Gloves 68 87 65 86 67 87Footwear 19 76 26 79 34 85Headgear 5 14 8 23 14 34Glasses 18 28 22 34 31 47Breathing appliances 2 8 2 7 3 10

Source: derived from Eurostat

masks were USA and United Kingdom (each country18%), Germany (15%), France (9%), The Netherlands(8%) and Ireland (6%).

5.3 The role of developing countries

5.3.1 IntroductionThe role of developing countries in imports into the EUvaries strongly per product group as can be seen intable 5.8. The import share in the product groupworkwear/protective clothing decreased, the productgroup protective gloves remained stable and the role ofdeveloping countries in the other product groups:protective footwear, protective headgear, protectiveglasses and breathing appliances became moreimportant.

5.3.2 Workwear and protective clothingIn the product group workwear and protective clothing,44 percent (in terms of value) of EU imports came fromdeveloping countries in 2001 (45% in 1999), of which51 percent from the Mediterranean Rim (mainly Tunisiaand Morocco) and 39 percent from Asian countries(China, Pakistan and to a much lesser degree fromIndia, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh). However,

the import share of Mediterranean countries decreasedby 23 percent, while imports from Asian countriesincreased by around 66 percent in the period 1997-2001.

Germany

The leading role in German imports of workwear andprotective clothing was noted for (non-developing)Central and East European countries, like Poland (theleading supplier for many years to the German market),Slovakia, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Bulgaria andHungary.

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Just like total imports in the period 2000-2001, importsfrom developing countries decreased too showing a fallof 3.4 percent in value or a fall of 2.6 percent in volumeagainst 0.7 percent lower import prices. The importshare of developing countries stabilised at 37.5 percentduring 2000-2001. Imports from developing countriesin Central and Eastern Europe (despite a slight fall ofimports from Macedonia and Slovenia but imports fromBosnia & Herzegovina and Serbia Montenegroincreased strongly) increased by 5 percent, whileimports from Asian developing countries (India andPakistan but not China) fell by the same percentage,just like imports from the Mediterranean (Tunisia andTurkey but not Morocco) in the period 2000-2001. The role of ACP countries decreased from € 0.9 millionin 2000 to 0.6 million in 2001, with products comingmainly from Zimbabwe.

The Netherlands

The leading supplier of workwear and protectiveclothing to The Netherlands remained Tunisia since1997, however, its import share fell steadily: from 23 percent of total imports in 2000 to 18 percent in2001 Macedonia ranked second with 15 percent beforeLatvia and Sri Lanka. Other suppliers from developing

countries (value more than US$ 1 million) were China,Vietnam, Laos and India. Other than developingcountries in this category were besides Latvia: Hungary,Poland, Belarus and Bulgaria. Imports from Tunisia,Laos and Egypt showed the biggest fall, while importsfrom Sri Lanka, China, Vietnam and India increased.

France

France is the most important country in the EUconcerning imports from ACP countries, however, inthe product group workwear and protective clothing thisconcerns for 84 percent one country, namely

Table 5.9 Imports of workwear from area of developing countries in value, 2001 (in Euro mln)

Total ACP- CEECs Mediter- Asia Central & Africadeveloping countries ranean Southern

countries America

€ million in % in % in % in % in % in %EU 612 1.5 8.1 51.0 39.0 0.1 0.3

France 175 4.0 0.1 86.6 9.3 0.0 0.0Germany 125 0.5 21.0 40.2 38.1 0.2 0.0Italy 68 0.0 6.4 34.7 58.9 0.0 0.0UK 75 1.2 1.3 52.4 44.8 0.1 2.2The Netherlands 56 0.9 25.4 33.7 39.9 0.1 0.0Other (10) 113 0.2 3.0 25.5 71.2 0.1 0.0

Source: derived from Eurostat

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Madagascar. The remaining part came mainly fromMauritius. 48 percent of French extra-EU imports camefrom Tunisia. Together with Morocco, these countriescovered 72 percent of total imports from outside the EUin 2001. Other suppliers from developing countries(imports per country of more than € 2 million) wereMadagascar with € 5.9 million, Macao € 4.7 million,India € 4.3 million, China € 4.2 million and Pakistan € 2.4 million. Important suppliers other than developingcountries were mainly CEECs like Bulgaria, Slovakia,Romania, Czech Republic, Turkey and Poland.

UK

Workwear and protective clothing imports fromdeveloping countries into the UK increased from 54.4in 2000 to 74.8 million in 2001. The import share ofdeveloping countries, however, stabilised at about 39 percent of total imports, despite the fact that importsfrom developing countries in the Mediterranean (mainlyTunisia and Morocco) increased considerably to € 39.2 million, while imports from Asian developingcountries fell from 44.3 percent in 2000 to 42.8 percentin 2001, despite a strongly increased imports fromChina. Imports from (other than developing countries)CEECs came mainly from Poland (21% of total UKimports). The role of ACP countries became lessimportant and mainly concerned Belize.

Italy

Asian developing countries dominate Italian importsfrom developing countries (China, India, Pakistan,Thailand etc.) despite the fact that in 2000 almost 64 percent of total imports from developing countriescame from Asia and in 2001 this percentage was almost59 percent. Imports from all countries mentioneddecreased. Mediterranean countries (mainly Tunisia)improved their position, despite a slightly fall ofimports from Tunisia. Imports from developing CEECs,like Albania and to a lesser degree Serbia Montenegroincreased too but remained limited. Italian imports increased mainly because imports from(other than developing) CEECs, like Romania, Bulgariaand Poland grew. Romania passed Tunisia and Chinaand became the leading supplier to Italy in 2001.

5.3.3 Safety footwearThe role of developing countries in EU imports ofprotective footwear became rather more important:in 1999 about 26 percent of total imports came fromdeveloping countries, in 2000 it was 30 percent and in2001 this had risen to almost 34 percent.EU imports of safety footwear from developingcountries came for 50 percent from the MediterraneanRim, mainly Tunisia (88%) and for 43 percent fromAsian countries, mainly China (57%), India andIndonesia. Imports from developing countries in Centraland Eastern Europe (mainly Slovenia) increased,

just like imports from some other countries in this area(Romania and Poland), while imports from Hungaryand Slovakia decreased.

Germany

Imports of safety footwear from developing countrieswere rather limited in German imports in 1998; only 3 percent. In the period 1998-2001, imports fromdeveloping countries grew from € 3.0 million in 1998to € 12.9 million in 2001 (an import share of 14%),of which Slovenia was the largest exporter to Germanywith € 5.3 million in 2001, followed by China (€ 4.1 million). Important were imports from other thandeveloping CEECs, like Slovakia (the leading supplierfrom outside the EU with € 5.7 million), Hungary,Croatia and Moldova.

The Netherlands

The role of developing countries in Netherlands importsof safety footwear was very limited, being only 3.7 percent of total imports in 1998, however thispercentage increased even more than in neighbouringcountry Germany. In 2000 the import share ofdeveloping countries rose to 32 percent and in 2001 to40 percent! These imports concerned footwear withuppers of leather and came from China (26 percent oftotal imports and 70 percent of imports from developingcountries) followed at a distance by Indonesia (8% oftotal imports), Thailand, Vietnam and South Africa.

France

French imports from developing countries of safetyfootwear were for 75 percent supplied by theMediterranean countries, mainly Tunisia (98%) in 2001and for 25 percent by Asian countries, mainly India(77%), followed by China and Indonesia. Anotherimportant supplier was Slovakia, covering almost 99 percent of non-developing CEECs. All countriesmentioned increased their exports considerably,in particular India.

UK

UK imports of safety footwear from developingcountries amounted to 18 percent in terms of value in1998 and around 50 percent in 2000 and 2001.However, imports from EU countries (+ 42%) increasedmore than imports from developing countries (+ 19%)in the years 2000 and 2001. 48 percent of total imports came from Asian countriesin 2001 (China 26% and India 13%) and 6 percent fromMediterranean countries (almost all from Tunisia). In the previous year these percentages were respectively34 and 16. Another developing country with substantialexports to the UK was Brazil (0.7%).Imports from all countries mentioned increased verystrongly and concerned protective footwear with uppersof leather.

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Italy

Imports from developing countries dominated Italianimports of safety footwear; 87 percent of cheapprotective footwear came from developing countries,of which Tunisia remained by far the largest exporter toItaly with 78 percent of total imports. Imports from thisMediterranean country accounted for 90 percent ofimports from developing countries. Other were China(5%), Bosnia & Herzegovina and Vietnam. In particular, imports from Tunisia increased strongly,from € 50.5 million in 2000 to reach 57.2 million in2001. Other booming imports came from the othercountries mentioned but also from other thandeveloping CEECs, like Romania and Bulgaria.

5.3.4 Safety headgearThe role of developing countries in EU imports ofsafety headgear is rather limited. Only 14 percent (in terms of value) came from these countries in 2001(7% in 1998 and 11 % in 2000), of which almostcompletely (98%) from Asian countries (China,South Korea, Thailand and Indonesia).

Germany

The small German imports of safety headgear fromdeveloping countries grew from € 4.5 million in 1998to reach € 9.1 million in 2001 and came almostcompletely from Asia, namely China (43%),South Korea (39%), Thailand (10%) and India (6%).Imports from China increased strongly, while importsfrom South Korea, Thailand and The Philippinesdecreased to the same degree.

The Netherlands

The very small Netherlands imports of safety headgearfrom developing countries came from South Korea andChina. Imports from South Korea fell 21 percent in2001 and accounted for € 655,000, while imports fromChina grew 13 percent to reach € 480,000 in 2001.

France

81 percent of the French imports of safety headgearconcerned plastic helmets in 2001, which in 2000amounted to 73 percent. The import share of developingcountries increased from 13 percent of total imports in2000 to 17 percent in 2001 and came from Asiancountries, like China (48%) , Thailand (33%),South Korea (15%) and Vietnam (3%).

UK

Imports from developing countries (€ 12.9 million in2001against € 10.1 million in 2000) came from Asiancountries like China (39% of imports from developingcountries), South Korea (30%) and Thailand (9% andconcerned mainly helmets of materials other thanplastic).

Italy

Italian imports of safety headgear from developingcountries rose from € 2.5 million in 2000 to € 4.1 million in 2001. Imports from Indonesiaaccounted for € 2.1 million in 2001, followed byThailand (€ 0.7 million). Other countries were Chinaand Malaysia. Imports from all these countries almostcompletely concerned helmets of plastic, except fromMalaysia.

5.3.5 Protective gloves Developing countries dominated EU imports ofprotective gloves. Almost 60 percent of the total 4.6 billion pairs came from developing countries. This percentage is the same as for imported rubbergloves, namely 60 percent of 4.1 billion pairs. Malaysiaremained by far the most important supplier followedby Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and China.Asian developing countries also dominated EU importsof leather protective gloves. China exported 183 millionpairs to EU countries at an average price of € 0.66,followed at distance by India (60 million pairs against € 1.16) and Pakistan (43 million pairs at € 0.91).Cotton knitted gloves impregnated, coated etc. withrubber came for 20 percent from Sri Lanka (averageprice € 0.82), China ranked third with 9.4 million pairsat € 0.68 followed by Tunisia and Malaysia. Imports of cotton knitted gloves, mittens and mittscoated etc. with plastic came from China (13.9 millionpairs at an average price of € 0.57), Pakistan (12.6 mlnpairs at an average import price of € 0.54). South Koreaexported 7.9 million pairs (€ 1.44) to the EU and Sri Lanka 6.4 million pairs (€ 0.76).

Germany

Total German imports of protective gloves grew by 10 percent in value in 2001 and amounted to € 241 million, of which 72 percent came fromdeveloping countries. Malaysia was the leading supplierto Germany with an import share of 21 percent of totalimport value of which 97 percent concerned rubbergloves. China was the second supplier of gloves (16%);this country is the leading exporter of (split-) leathergloves to Germany. Other Asian countries with exportsto Germany were Thailand (13%, major supplier in allkinds of rubber gloves), India (8% of total imports,mainly leather), Pakistan (4%, mainly leather andcotton), Sri Lanka (4%, all kind of gloves) andIndonesia (3%, mainly rubber).Imports from China decreased by 7 percent in 2001while imports from the following developing countriesincreased considerably: Malaysia, India, Pakistan,Sri Lanka and Indonesia.

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The Netherlands

Netherlands imports of protective gloves amounted to € 84 million in 2001 (against € 73 million in 2000),of which an increasing part (68% in 2001 against 56% in 2000) came from developing countries. Asian countries with exports to The Netherlands wereMalaysia (38% of total import value, all kinds of rubbergloves), China (16%, mainly split leather but alsorubber and cotton), India (7%, mainly split leather),Thailand (7%, all kinds of rubber gloves), Pakistan(4%, mainly split leather and cotton), Sri Lanka (2%, rubber and cotton) and Indonesia (2%, mainlyrubber gloves).Cotton gloves came mainly from China and Pakistan;China was the leading supplier of split leather gloves,followed at a distance by India and Pakistan. Imports from all developing countries mentioned aboveincreased strongly in the period 2000-2001, of whichThailand showed the biggest growth.

France

About 81 percent of French imports of protectivegloves came from developing countries in 2001,of which the major part (86%) came from Asia and a minor part (11%) from the Mediterranean Rim.Malaysia remained the leading supplier of protectivegloves to France with an import share of 20 percent oftotal imports, mainly consisting of rubber gloves. Other Asian developing countries with exports toFrance were China (9%, mainly split leather gloves),Thailand (6%, supplier of rubber gloves), Sri Lanka(6%, rubber and cotton gloves), India (6% of totalimports, mainly leather), South Korea (4%, mainlycotton gloves) and Pakistan (4%, mainly leathergloves). Other important suppliers were Tunisia (5%, leather and cotton), Morocco (mainly leather) and Mexico (mainly rubber gloves). Cotton gloves came mainly from South Korea (19% of total imports), Tunisia (12%) and Sri Lanka (7%).China (27% of total imports) was the leading supplierof split leather gloves followed at a distance by India(19%), Pakistan (14%), Morocco (11%) and Tunisia(8%).Imports from the following developing countriesincreased in the period 2000-2001: China, Thailand,Tunisia and South Korea. Imports from the othercountries mentioned stabilised or decreased slowly inthe same period.

UK

The UK’s imports of protective gloves from developingcountries amounted to € 146 million in 2001, of which68 percent was made of rubber. Rubber gloves came for61 percent from Malaysia and for 12 percent fromThailand. Other supplies of rubber gloves came fromSri Lanka, Indonesia and China. (Split-) leather glovescame mainly from China, namely 61 percent of totalimports of this product group in 2001, followed by

Pakistan (16%) and India (6%). An increasing part ofthe imports of cotton gloves was imported fromdeveloping countries. Leading trade partners in this areawere Sri Lanka (12% of total imports), Pakistan (10%),Malaysia (9%) followed by China, UA Emirates andIndonesia.

Italy

Total Italian imports of protective gloves amounted to € 158 million in 2001, of which 71 percent came fromdeveloping countries. Malaysia remained the leadingsupplier with an import share of 29 percent (in value oftotal imports) and concerned all kinds of rubber gloves.Other Asian countries with exports to Italy were India(12% of total imports, mainly leather), Thailand (8%, mainly rubber), China (8%, of which all kinds of gloves: leather, cotton and rubber), Indonesia (5%, mainly rubber), Pakistan (4%, mainly leather) andSri Lanka (3%, mainly rubber). Smaller volumes camefrom Vietnam (rubber), Brazil (leather) and SouthKorea (cotton). Imports from the following developing countriesdecreased in the period 2000-2001: Malaysia, Pakistanand Sri Lanka, while imports increased from India,Thailand and China.

5.3.6 Protective glasses31 percent of protective glasses(in terms of value) came from developing countries in 2001, of whichChina was the most important supplier (72 percent of imports from developing countries) followed at a distance by Slovenia, Tunisia and South Korea.German imports came for 35 percent from developingcountries, almost completely (98%) from Asia. China covered 92 percent of total imports fromdeveloping countries, followed by Thailand and South Korea. Another non-Asian supplier was Slovenia. Imports of protective glasses into The Netherlands came for 48 percent from developingcountries, of which 50 percent from China and 48 percent from Tunisia. Only 23 percent of French imports came fromdeveloping countries, of which 90 percent from Asia(mainly China followed by South Korea and Indonesia)and 10 percent from ACP countries (mainly Mauritiusand Madagscar) 38 percent of Italian imports camefrom developing countries, of which 93 percent fromChina, followed by Thailand and Malaysia, while UKimports came for 39 percent from developing countries,of which 84 percent China, followed by Malaysia andSouth Korea.

5.3.7 Breathing appliances and gas masksBreathing appliances and gas masks came for almost 3 percent from developing countries into the EU. The leading developing country was China (12th place)with an import share valued at 0.8 percent and 28 percent of total imports from developing countries,followed by South Korea, Egypt and Malaysia.Imports from developing countries by Germany, Italy,UK and The Netherlands were very limited and camemainly from China. 62 percent of total EU importsfrom developing countries was accounted for by France,for which South Korea was the leading supplier,followed by China, Egypt and Morocco.

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6 EXPORTS OF PPE

The same restrictions for the import figures apply to theexport figures below. Refer to chapter 1 for theserestrictions.The EU member states exported € 2,459 million in2001, representing a growth of 12.1 percent in theperiod 1999-2001. Italy remained the leading EUexporter, mainly caused by its exports of protectivefootwear (39% of total EU exports in this productgroup) and safety headgear (49% of total EU exports).

Export activities by the EU countries vary strongly.Belgium is the leading exporter of workwear andprotective clothing (18% of EU exports in this productgroup), followed by Germany (almost 13%), Denmark(12%), Italy, Portugal and France (each almost 4 %). Belgium is also the leading exporter of gloves (32%),followed by France (15%), The Netherlands (14%),Germany (12%) and Austria (10%). Italy is the leading exporter of safety footwear (39%)and headgear (49%), while France takes this positionfor safety glasses with an export share of 39 percent.The UK has an export share of 30 percent for breathingappliances and gas masks. Other countries exporting safety footwear are France(16%), Germany (12%), UK and The Netherlands (each 7%); safety headgear: Germany (11%), Belgium

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and France (each 9%); safety glasses: Germany andItaly (each 19%) and breathing appliances and gasmasks: France (26%), Germany (19%) and The Netherlands (7%).

The largest export product group in terms of value isworkwear incl. protective clothing representing about a quarter of total exports in 2001. EU exports of allproduct groups increased in the period 1999-2001,

of which footwear (+27.6%) and glasses (+19.6%)showed the biggest growth, while gloves (+6.4%) and breathing appliances (+5.3%) grew much less. About 66 percent of total EU exports concerned exportsto other EU countries in 2001. The main destinationsoutside the EU were USA (23% of non-EU exports),Switzerland (12%), Hungary (7%), Norway (6%),the Czech Republic (4%) and Japan (3%). Other EUexport destinations (valued at more than € 10 mln)were Canada, Russia, Poland, Australia, Tunisia,Bangladesh, Hong Kong, Romania, UA Emirates andEstonia. Exports to the CEE countries mentionedincluded CMT with these countries.EU exports of workwear and protective clothing rose interms of weight (16%) and in value (9%) in the period1999-2001. Belgium passed Germany as the leading EU

0

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Figure 6.1 EU exports of PPE by country in terms of value, 1999-2001

exporter of this product group in 2000 and retained thisposition in 2001. Denmark ranked 3rd during the wholeperiod under review. Workwear and protective clothingaccounted for almost 72 percent of total Danish PPEexports.In terms of value, the biggest growth in exports wasrealised by Spain (73%!) during the whole periodfollowed by UK (38%), Finland (35%) and Sweden(34%). Exports by Greece, Germany, Portugal and The Netherlands decreased.

Germany

German exports amounted to € 337 million in 2001,of which 23 percent workwear and protective clothing,19 percent breathing appliances, 16 percent protectiveglasses, 16 percent gloves, 15 percent footwear,while headgear accounted for the remaining 11 percent.German exports went to Austria (12%, divided over allproduct groups), The Netherlands (11%, of which morethan half accounted for by footwear and breathingappliances), Switzerland (9%, mainly glasses),Hungary 9% (mainly OPT in workwear), France (7%, divided over all product groups), the USA (6%, mainly breathing appliances), Belgium (5%, mainlyfootwear), UK (5%) and the Czech Republic (5%, glovesand glasses). Other destinations outside the EU werePoland (workwear mainly CMT), Russia (mainlybreathing appliances), Japan (mainly glasses), Australia(mainly glasses and breathing appliances) and Norway

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(mainly footwear and breathing appliances). The latter five countries had an export share of lowerthan 3 percent.

The Netherlands

Exports by The Netherlands amounted to € 168 millionin 2001, of which 37 percent gloves, 20 percentfootwear, 19 percent workwear and protective clothingand 14 percent breathing appliances. The leadingdestination for PPE was Germany, with almost

23 percent of Netherlands exports going to itsneighbouring country, of which gloves accounted formore than 50 percent. Other leading destinations wereFrance (16%, mainly gloves and breathing appliances),UK (almost 16%, of which 42 percent footwear),Belgium (13%, mainly workwear and gloves),Italy (4%, with breathing appliances as the majorproduct group) followed by Norway (4%, mainlyworkwear and footwear), Sweden (3%, mainly gloves)and Spain (2%, mainly gloves and footwear). Other destinations outside the EU were Switzerland,USA and Russia.

France

The leading export destination of French PPE exportwas the USA in 2001, accounting for 14 percent of totalexports. The USA was followed by four destinationswithin the EU: Germany, Italy, Spain and Belgium.

Table 6.1 EU exports of workwear and protective clothing by country, 1999-2001

1999 2000 2001

tons mln Euro tons mln Euro tons mln Euro

Belgium 5,208 88,937 4,964 97,334 6,372 108,166Germany 2,823 94,894 2,383 89,044 2,016 78,446Denmark 3,412 70,702 3,236 67,528 4,188 70,660Italy 1,865 46,571 2,152 53,861 2,350 55,031Portugal 2,855 61,015 2,918 62,516 2,647 54,315France 2,430 43,667 2,525 48,462 2,283 52,294United Kingdom 2,852 33,359 2,779 42,924 3,368 45,897Sweden 833 24,691 1,101 32,141 1,145 33,169Netherlands 1,877 34,833 1,474 29,900 2,293 31,450Spain 950 14,845 1,061 17,078 1,515 25,673Ireland 414 15,620 421 17,987 537 20,897Austria 1,094 14,324 1,160 16,449 1,089 17,577Finland 493 9,530 718 11,844 755 12,875Greece 506 8,410 373 6,860 361 5,364Luxembourg 2 94 2 118 0 51

EU (15) 27,614 561,492 27,267 594,046 31,919 611,865

Source: Eurostat

In total 38 percent went to these four EU partnercountries. French exports amounted to € 416 million in2001, of which 26 percent protective glasses, 21 percentbreathing appliances, 17 percent footwear, 16 percentgloves, 13 percent workwear and protective clothingand 7 percent helmets. Switzerland ranked sixth inFrench export destinations with almost 7 percent oftotal exports.OPT with Tunisia led to the situation that this countrywas the leading destination for French exports ofworkwear and protective clothing with an export shareof 25 percent, followed at a distance by Romania (4%).Destinations (without CMT activities) were USA (13%), Belgium (12%) and Germany (9%). Protective gloves went mainly to other EU countries,of which Italy, Germany and Spain were the mostimportant followed by UK and Belgium. Important destinations outside the EU were Iraq (3.7%of total exports), USA (2.6%), Switzerland (2.8%) and Hungary (2.3%).Footwear went also mainly to other EU partners,of which Belgium and Germany were the mostimportant with each country receiving 19 percent ofFrench exports. Footwear went outside the EU in order of ranking in value to Hungary, Switzerland,Saudi Arabia, Poland, Lithuania and UA Emirates.Exports to all countries mentioned valued more than 1 million euro. The leading destination for breathing appliances wasUSA (34% of total exports) followed by Germany(10%). Headgear went to Italy, Germany, UK and Spainand protective glasses to the USA (17%) andSwitzerland (almost 17%) followed by several EU countries (mainly Italy, Spain and Germany).

Italy

Italian PPE exports amounted to € 484 million in 2001(almost 20 percent of total EU exports) of which 37 percent footwear, 35 percent headgear, 11 percentworkwear and protective clothing, 11 percent protectiveglasses, 4 percent breathing appliances and 2 percentgloves.23 percent of Italian exports went to Germany in 2001,followed by France (14%), UK (13%), USA (9%, mainly helmets and protective glasses),and Spain (5%). Exports to the EU partner countriesmentioned were mainly the product groups footwearand headgear followed by workwear. Other destinationsoutside the EU were Switzerland (mainly helmets),Japan (mainly glasses and breathing appliances),Canada (mainly protective glasses and helmets) and Hong Kong ( mainly protective glasses).

UK

Exports by the UK amounted to € 246 million in 2001,of which 41 percent was breathing appliances,19 percent corporate wear, 14 percent footwear,10 percent gloves, 8 percent protective glasses and

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8 percent helmets. Major destination for the productgroups corporate wear and protective glasses wasIreland (respectively 33 and 22% of total UK exports),for protective gloves Belgium (17%), for footwear theUSA (47%), for helmets France (17%) and forbreathing appliances Germany (17%). Other destinations outside the EU, besides USA,were Norway, Australia, Singapore, UA Emirates,Hong Kong and Japan.Breathing appliances went (in the following order ofexport values) to Germany, The Netherlands, USA andFrance. Corporate wear to Ireland, The Netherlands,France, Germany, Spain and USA; gloves to Belgium,Ireland, USA, France, Norway and Germany; footwearto USA, Ireland and France; helmets to France, Ireland,Italy, Germany and The Netherlands; protective glassesto Ireland, France, USA, Germany and Sweden.

7 TRADE STRUCTURE

7.1 EU trade channels for workwearSuppliers on the traditional workwear market in the EU are:• domestic manufacturers, often with production

activities abroad; • agents or selling offices for foreign

(mainly European) manufacturers;• wholesalers/importers, with a broad assortment in

which they combine products from Europeanmanufacturers with imports from outside Europe.They often combine (factory) branded products withown-labels or non-labelled products;

• garment rental and laundry companies; • retailers, mostly specialised in workwear who sell to

both consumers and professional users in small units;• other channels, like DIY outlets, street markets etc..

Manufacturers as well as wholesalers operate more andmore via direct-mail activities (catalogues and viaInternet). Manufacturers may also function as importers(vertical integration). The following diagramme summarises the distributionpattern.

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“Industrial client” in the diagramme above includes theproducers’ market as well the governmental market. The difference between workwear and normalouterwear is that the first is worn when practising aprofession and, in most cases, the wearer does not haveto pay for it. The employer provides the workweargarments. Therefore, trade in and supply of workwearform a business-to-business deal. It can be estimatedthat not more than 15-20 percent of the employees buytheir own workwear. The clothing for others is providedby the organisation or company, in the case that buyersare institutional buyers or public authorities (like police,fire services, military, health care) or industrial buyers(industry, forestry, fishery etc.). Bearing in mind theproduct specification (technical requirements),buyers mainly orient themselves to manufacturers and wholesalers, who represent foreign manufacturerswith a good reputation. Besides the kind of branch,the number of employees in an organisation also has aninfluence on the way of buying workwear. It is difficultfor small organisations to use other than wholesalers,retailers or catalogues. Large companies can buywherever they wish, but will for reasons of costs buy in

Figure 7.1 Distribution structure of workwear

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large quantities direct from the manufacturer, rentallaundries or through tenders. Medium-sized companiesbuy mainly from wholesalers. Purchases by individualconsumers for domestic use are very limited, mainlydone in do-it-yourself outlets or specialised retailers.

Direct buying (by negotiations or through catalogues)from the manufacturer is by far the most importantdistribution channel for workwear in the leading EUcountries, followed by wholesale. It is believed thatwholesale and catalogue business including E-commerce (by manufacturer as well as bywholesaler) will become the major growth areasthroughout most of the European workwear markets.Meanwhile, direct sales from manufacturers andgarment rental/leasing are expected to stay flat,while tender and retail are predicted to decrease.The market shares of the various distribution channelsdid not change during the period 2000-2001. There is an increase in the concentration of rental/leasecompanies in the EU, just like in the PPE sector.Companies like Rentokil Initial and Rentex operate inmany European countries and have taken over many

national or regional operating companies. Most of theproducts in this sector are made of 65/35 polyester/cotton. In most types of industries, one person will useabout three to four sets (a set can be several units) ofworkwear per year.

Germany

With regard to purchasing methods (distributionchannels, types of contract) and product requirements(garment types, fabric, styling, DIN-ENs) there can bemajor differences between the segments, as described inchapter 2.2. Channels used for buying workwear inGermany, as described below, are also valid for manyother EU countries.

heavy industry: most companies buy directly frommanufacturers or wholesalers andhave their own laundries;

light industry: bigger companies buy directly frommanufacturers or from rentalcompanies, the smaller companiesthrough retail or wholesale;

hotels etc.: the hotel, catering etc. sector worksfor an important part with rentalcompanies, but many employeesprovide their own workwear; hotelchains buy mainly directly frommanufacturer or wholesaler;

retail: the purchasing methods in the retailsector are dependent on the size of theorganisation, all channels arepossible;

health and care: this sector buys directly frommanufacturers or from rentalcompanies;

public utilities: buy mainly directly frommanufacturers, eventually by tender.

Major wholesalers of workwear are HBSchutzbekleidung, Hüren Berufskleidung, GreenhamArbeits GmbH, Scheibler Workwear and Leo’sWorkwear (addresses in appendix 13). Besides theusual sources (Kompas, ABC, Europages etc) asmentioned in appendix 13, more information includingaddresses of about hundred German wholesalers andagents in workwear can be found on Internet underhttp://www.dino-online.de and type under “search”:grosshandel arbeitsbekleidung (= wholesale workwear)or “grosshandel berufsbekleidung” (= wholesaleoccupational clothing). Leading German rental or lease laundries in the field of workwear and protective clothing are (head-officelocation between brackets): Alsco Berufskleidung-Service GmbH (Köln), Bardusch Textilmiet-dienste

Table 7.1 Distribution channels of corporate wear in EU and selected countries, 2001 (in %)

Direct sales Indirect sales Total

Manufacturer Tender Wholesale Retail Rental Other

EU 50 5 24 5 14 2 100

Germany 43 4 28 6 19 2 100France 55 6 20 5 12 2 100Italy 63 5 15 11 2 4 100The Netherlands 51 4 23 4 15 3 100 UK 46 9 19 4 19 3 100

Derived from various sources

(Ettingen), Boco GmbH & Co. (Hamburg), DeutscheBerufskleider- und Textil-Leasing GmbH (Krefeld),Profitex GmbH (Reutlingen), Mewa Textil Service AG(Wiesbaden) and, in Gluckstadt, a specialist in hospitalservice the Gluckstadter Textil Service.The website http://industrialrent.com give you adetailed list of addresses of textiles, workwear andprotective clothing lease companies in several countriesand in several languages.

The Netherlands

Between 150-200 wholesalers/distributors are active inthe workwear sector, in many cases combined withPPE. Importers/wholesalers of traditional workwear are(among others) Jomo, Rehamij, Prof Beroepskleding,Heigo. A detailed list of importing companies is givenin appendix 12. Besides this type of distribution,workwear can be part of the assortment of supplycompanies for specific branches, like buildingconstruction, hotel/catering etc. Traditional workwear is partly rented or leased foremployees in the medical and manufacturing sectors. It is expected that the market share of rental laundrieswill stabilise or slightly decrease in the coming years.Leading companies in this sector are Rentokil/Hokatex(part of Rentokil Initial Plc, UK), Rentex, Neproma(part of Berendsen, Denmark with Gerba Noord, amongothers), Nedlin, Blycolin (specialised in hotels/catering)and Wilhelmina (for addresses see appendix 12). Regarding domestic use, there is some demand forcheaper items in the do-it-yourself sector but this is avery small market. The number of specialised retailersis about 100-150 in The Netherlands. Many of themcombine wholesale and retail activities.

France

French importers/wholesalers of workwear are amongothers France Securité, Molinel, Securipro Leading rental or lease laundries in the field ofworkwear and protective clothing in France are:Anett (Ste Radegonde), Initial BTB (BoulogneBillancourt) and Regie Linge Développement (Nantes).

UK

Importers/wholesalers of workwear are (among others)Tunika Safety Products, Farlane, J&N Safety andHygiene, Flekta Ltd.There are many rental or lease laundries active in theUK market, a selection of which is Albany RentalSupply (Essex), Brooks Service Group (Bristol),Clean Linen Services (Reading), Fenland (Skegness),Initial Textile Services (Hove), OCS Smarts Group(London) and Sketchley Services (Hinckley).

Italy

Importers/wholesalers of workwear are, among others,Abitec, Sir Infortunistica, SFAP, Abitec, La Fenice,Safety Equipment, Centro Sicurezza

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The following companies operate on the rental/laundrymarket: Fleur (Bolognese), Lavanderie Industrial Lavin(Pomezia), Linen Supply Italiana (Milano andPomezia), Padana Everest (Travagliato) and Rentex(San Giuliano Milanese).

7.2 EU trade channels for PPESuppliers on the PPE market in EU countries are:• independent national manufacturing companies often

specialised in one specific product group operatingon the domestic market and eventually incombination with exporting;

• manufacturers complement their range by offeringgoods from other sources, including imports;

• manufacturing operations by international companieswith headquarters in Europe or outside Europe(USA, Australia etc.);

• manufacturing companies from abroad withmanufacturing and/or commercial interests in aspecific EU country;

• distributors or wholesalers offering a PPE assortmentfrom other sources, including imports.

The structure of the PPE business is a complicated one.Most of the manufacturers have their own specialisationin the categories mentioned. In general, manufacturersdo not undertake direct selling operations to end-users,except for the largest international companies whichoften operate on the basis of contracts concerning largequantities. Many (larger groups) companies, however,have extended their assortment through the acquisitionof specialists in other products or they purchaseproducts to complement their own assortment. The PPE market can be characterised further as a largenetwork of distributors on several regional levels percountry. In general, distributors may also deal inimported goods.

Leading international manufacturers with their owncommercial operations in several EU countries asmentioned above (chapter 4: Production) are,among others, French companies: Bacou (several sectors), Mapa Professional (gloves),Comasec (respiratory and gloves), Jalatte (footwear)and Lemaître Sécurité (footwear);German companies: Dräger (respiratory equipment),Schubert Helme (headgear), Uvex (eye protection);Belgium companies: Sioen (protective clothing);Netherlands companies: Bata International (footwear);UK: Interspiro (respiratory equipment), Pulsafe (eye and face protection and respiratory equipment).Distributors/wholesalers operating with a full range ofPPE in Germany are: Gummi Mayer, Hintermeyer,Meier & Nussbeck, Trebes & Henning, Buchberger andDelta Vertrieb.Leading distributors/wholesalers in The Netherlandsare among others Vandeputte Safety (new name for VanBavel-Oosterhout) part of the Belgian Vandeputte

Groep, market leader in Belgium and Groeneveld-Dordrecht. Other less important distributors/wholesalersare Coolegem Veiligheid, Majestic, and PWG Benelux.Specialised wholesalers in the field of gloves inThe Netherlands are, among others, Rehamij andPrevent Gloves. Addresses can be found in appendix 12.A number of independent groups of distributors/wholesalers operate in France, four of which beingFiprotec Nord, Gerin, Amiet, Cevenole. All companies are active in certain districts of France. In the UK the leading distributor/wholesaler is Arco,followed by Greenham Trading and the much smallerCorston Sinclair. Leading distributors/wholesalers in Italy areBrandschutz Italia, Odibi Export-Import, Roversi,Seba Protezione and Industrial Starter.

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8 PRICES AND MARGINS

8.1 Prices and marginsAs a rule, importers are looking for low-pricedmerchandise from developing countries. The margins atthe various different levels of distribution are influencedby several factors and are different for eachproduct/market combination. These factors are:• degree of risk• volume of business• functions or marketing services rendered• general economic conditions • exclusiveness • competition

High-risk, low-volume, service-intensive productsrequire different margins to low-risk, high-volumestandard products. It is impossible to draw up a table of current margins for each and every product/marketcombination. Even within the same type ofcombination, different importers employ differentmargins, due to variation in economic conditions.In general, it can be said that margins in the glovesector (especially in the low-budget categories: cotton,cotton combined with split-leather, rubber surgical andhousehold gloves) are under pressure, due to strongcompetition caused among other factors by high stocks;wholesalers’ margins vary from 10-12 percent of theselling price.

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Wholesalers’/distributors’ margins in the workwearsector vary from 25-30 percent of the selling price. The margins are between 30 and 40 percent in thesectors footwear, headgear, air purification anddescender devicers. Margins for eye and hearingprotectors are even higher (40-50 percent). The effect of the average margins on selling prices,based on one CIF price for the different product groups,is shown in table 8.1. A factor of between 1.3 and 1.9should be used to calculate an appropriate selling price.Prices at retail level (selling to the end-consumer) are much higher, because the retailer’s margin andvalue added tax (VAT) of 19 percent in The Netherlandshas to marked up. In this case, a factor of between 2.1 and 2.5 should be used to calculate a final consumerprice.

8.2 Sources of price informationSources for prices are visits to trade fairs and retailshops, obtaining catalogues from manufacturers orwholesalers, reading trade magazines and surfing onInternet sites. In many cases, however, prices are notmentioned. For instance, the leading supplier ofworkwear in the UK, Alexandra, does not give priceinformation on the website, and this applies to manysuppliers. One of the exceptions can be found underhttp://www.cover-up.co.uk

Table 8.1 Calculation schedule: margins

Gloves Workwear Footwear, Eye and earheadgear etc protectors

CIF Rotterdam/Amsterdam 100 100 100 100Import duties * * * *Handling charges, transport,insurance and banking services 6 6 6 6

106 106 106 106

Final charges: warehouse fee and interest on investment 3 3 3 3

109 109 109 109Wholesaler's margin 17 36 59 80

Net selling price 126 145 168 189

RATIO CIF/SELLING PRICE: 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9

*) 14 % of CIF value if quantity is above quota

Price indications for PPE equipment obtained bychecking several wholesaler catalogues during April-May 2002 are given below. Prices for industrialclients are without VAT and without discounts for highvolumes. This is a small selection from hundreds ofvarieties.

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Price per unit or pair in euro (€)

Safety helmets - polyethylene 4.00 - 6.20- ABS 7.90-10.90- polycarbonate 14.20-24.00

Protective glovesPig skin (box of 120 pairs) 0.59 -1.49Latex gloves, 32 cm (box of 24 pairs) 1.40- 1.85Household gloves, 30 cm (box of 100 pairs) 0.68- 0.73

WorkwearHeavy cotton coverall (min. 315 gr/m2) with buttons 14.85-16.30Bib ’n brace overall (6 pockets) 17.10

Fall protectionHarness belt with 1 d-ring on back (CE 361) 34.50Harness belt with 3 d-rings (CE 358 and 361) 69.00-84.30

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The buyer’s highly developed price consciousness istypical for the industrial and institutional market. Prices for end-users vary greatly according to thequality of the product. There is a tremendous offer ofPPE on the EU market. The advice to potentialexporters to EU countries is to set prices as sharply aspossible. In order to make a fair judgement about yourcompetitive position in prices and quality, it isnecessary to bear in mind the information mentioned in chapter 8.1 about margins and calculations.

In particular in the PPE sector, exporters are confrontedwith many aspects like quality standards, sizing,packaging, CE marking, environmental aspects,all of which result in a lot of technical requirementsbesides aspects of fashionability, market developmentsetc.. For that reason, co-operation in a variety of formsbetween importer and exporter is often necessary. Traditional trade relations betweenimporters/wholesalers and importers/manufacturers onthe one hand and exporters on the other are increasinglyreplaced by joint ventures and co-makership agreementsin the SME sector.

Specialising in a specific area of the PPE sector isrecommended. Another point to consider is thepossibility for a SME to join an export cluster,because a group of companies that has been purposelyclustered, combine specific advantages of the largecompanies, such as economy of scale, marketing powerand coordinated resources whilst the flexibility thatcharacterises the SME can be maintained.

Growth markets in the workwear sector are thefollowing:• the health and care sector is a growing area in all

major EU countries as a consequence of an ageingpopulation. Aspects like fashionability and comfortbecome more important, especially in countrieswhere the traditional outfit is or will be replaced,like UK and France;

• traditional workwear for manufacturing companies(coveralls etc.) is required in smaller quantities (up to 30 items in one order) as a result of shrinkingnational industries and therefore (among otherfactors) an increasing number of smaller companies;

• the retail sector offer opportunities because extendedopening hours will create more employment throughthe use of more part-timers;

• due to increasing tourism and changing consumptionpattern in several countries, the hotel, restaurant andcatering sector is growing, including the demand forspecific workwear in this branch.

One of the largest buyers of workwear and uniforms isthe state, due to an increasing privatisation. The averageorder size is very small (up to five items) and for mostorders there are restricted tenders, for which virtuallyonly producers in EU countries are invited.

9 OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRY EXPORTERS

47

APPENDIX 1 DETAILED CLASSIFICATION OF PPE BYCOMBINED NOMENCLATURE

INDUSTRIAL OR OCCUPATIONAL CLOTHING:62.03. Men’s or boys’ ensembles

22.100 – of cotton23.100 – of synthetic fibres 29.110 – of artificial fibres

Men’s or boys’ jackets and blazers32.100 – of cotton33.100 – of synthetic fibres 39.110 – of artificial fibres

Men’s or boys’42.110 trousers and breeches of cotton42.510 bib and brace overalls of cotton43.110 trousers and breeches of synthetic fibres43.310 bib and brace overalls of synthetic fibres49.110 trousers and breeches of artificial fibres49.310 bib and brace overalls of artificial fibres

62.04. Women’s or girls’ ensembles 22.100 – of cotton23.100 – of synthetic fibres 29.110 – of artificial fibres

Women’s or girls’ jackets and blazers32.100 – of cotton33.100 – of synthetic fibres 39.110 – of artificial fibres

Women’s or girls’62.110 trousers and breeches of cotton62.510 bib and brace overalls of cotton63.110 trousers and breeches of synthetic fibres63.310 bib and brace overalls of synthetic fibres69.110 trousers and breeches of artificial fibres69.310 bib and brace overalls of artificial fibres

62.11. Men’s or boys’ industrial andoccupational clothing (excludingknitted or crocheted)

32.100 – of cotton33.100 – of man-made fibres

6211. Women’s or girls’ aprons, overalls,smock-overalls and other industrialand occupational clothing (excludingknitted or crocheted)

42.100 – of cotton43.100 – of man-made fibres

GLOVES:40.15.11.000 Surgical gloves of vulcanised rubber

other than hard rubber 19.100 Household gloves of vulcanised rubber

other than hard rubber19.900 Other gloves of vulcanised rubber

other than hard rubber42.03.29.100 Leather and artificial leather protective

gloves for all occupations 61.16.10.200 Gloves, impregnated, coated or

covered with rubber, knitted orcrocheted

61.16.10.800 Mittens and mitts, impregnated, coatedor covered with plastic or rubber,knitted or crocheted and glovesimpregnated, coated or covered withplastic, knitted or crocheted

FOOTWEAR:64.01.10. Waterproof footwear with outer soles

and uppers of rubber or plastic, theuppers of which are neither fixed tothe sole nor assembled by stitching,riveting, nailing, screwing, plugging orsimilar processes, incorporating aprotective metal toe cap:

100 – with uppers of rubber900 – with uppers of plastic

64.02.30.000 Other footwear with outer soles anduppers of rubber or plastic,incorporating a protective metal toecap with uppers of rubber or plastic

64.03.40.000 Footwear with outer soles of rubber,plastic, leather or composition leatherand uppers of leather, incorporating aprotective metal toe cap

HEADGEAR:65.06.10. Safety headgear:

100 – of plastic800 – other than plastic

OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:90.04.90. Protective glasses:

100 – of plastic900 – other than plastic

90.20.00.100 Full breathing appliances and gasmasks for civil aircraft

90.20.00.900 Breathing appliances and gas masks

48

APPENDIX 2 SPECIFICATION OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF PPE BY PRODUCT TYPE INTO THE EU, 1999-2001

Table 2-1 EU imports of PPE by type of product, 1999-2001

1999 2000 2001

Volume Euro Volume Euro Volume Euro‘000 ‘000 ‘000

Workwear tons tons tonsMen’s or boys’- cotton ensembles 1,157 16,211 1,268 18,864 1,751 32,787- synthetic fibres ensembles 501 10,761 562 12,716 575 13,674- artificial fibres ensembles 205 2,360 263 3,065 264 4,507- cotton jackets 4,658 65,506 4,797 70,034 4,682 67,088- synthetic fibres jackets 4,451 82,488 5,000 102,636 5,138 106,869- artificial fibres jackets 305 7,040 308 6,512 154 5,015- cotton trousers 11,128 157,397 11,186 165,187 11,200 158,393- cotton bib’n brace overalls 6,543 74,439 6,156 74,250 6,401 74,232- synthetic trousers 6,855 118,554 7,815 125,090 8,255 140,213- synthetic bib’n brace overalls 3,828 61,758 3,684 67,935 3,680 63,912- artificial fibres trousers 186 6,013 263 7,809 184 5,728- artificial bib’n brace overalls 157 2,983 92 2,758 54 1,731Other occupational clothing of:- cotton 14,007 167,014 14,534 174,957 13,996 170,442- man-made fibres 10,821 178,211 13,460 220,479 13,511 234,991Women’s and girls’- cotton ensembles 168 3,511 166 2,834 197 3,080- synthetic fibres ensembles 233 5,456 229 5,540 342 5,162- artificial fibres ensembles 22 941 11 570 5 251- cotton jackets 210 4,349 204 4,784 249 6,362- synthetic fibres jackets 520 12,959 566 12,562 657 13,280- artificial fibres jackets 43 1,787 19 961 23 1,446- cotton trousers 884 15,955 1,209 24,213 1,580 29,547- cotton bib’n brace overalls 140 1,700 184 2,103 107 1,128- synthetic trousers 641 12,544 933 17,696 1,024 19,745- synthetic bib’n brace overalls 187 3,364 57 1,190 45 1,475- artificial fibres trousers 41 1,620 122 3,619 90 3,266- artificial bib’n brace overalls 16 213 5 224 7 302Other occupational clothing of:- cotton 6,807 76,656 7,369 108,443 7,846 121,615- man-made fibres 4,935 80,560 5,719 92,714 6,286 100,198Total imports workwear 79,649 1172,350 86,181 1329,745 88,303 1386,439-- from outside the EU 66,969 898,526 71,070 1012,759 75,790 1100,003-- from developing countries 40,751 526,302 43,569 582,074 46,228 616,873

Continue

49

Continued

1999 2000 2001

Volume Euro Volume Euro Volume Euro‘000 ‘000 ‘000

Protective gloves mln pairs mln pairs mln pairs- rubber surgical gloves 1,783 309,511 1,708 327,319 1,836 357,022- rubber household gloves 496 90,151 476 95,129 454 94,137- other rubber gloves 1,612 269,324 1,866 313,857 1,805 314,018Leather (incl. artificial) gloves 341 255,525 352 285,466 337 281,095Cotton impregnated, coated etc.:- with rubber 91 108,565 97 112,822 94 105,075- with plastic 60 55,801 74 77,331 80 74,736Total imports protective gloves 4,383 1088,877 4,573 1211,924 4,606 1226,083-- from outside the EU 3,514 825,435 3,553 920,039 3,495 943,680-- from developing countries 2,775 708,817 2,848 771,563 2,739 824,873

Protective footwear ’ 000 pairs ’ 000 pairs ’ 000 pairsWaterproof with uppers of rubber 626 9,860 771 12,537 575 8,857Waterproof with uppers of plastic 2,036 18,788 1,871 16,242 2,418 19,805Other, uppers rubber or plastic 208 3,862 418 6,738 472 8,163Other with uppers of leather 19,707 343,509 25,210 420,398 27,305 437,532Total imports footwear 22,577 376,019 28,270 455,915 30,770 474,357-- from outside the EU 8,857 122,962 12,605 166,249 14,049 189,396-- from developing countries 7,318 96,944 10,162 136,777 11,418 160,304

Protective headgear ‘000 units ‘000 units ‘000 unitsPlastic 14,645 205,323 19,113 241,648 18,336 235,066Other materials 3,970 79,857 6,360 118,800 7,346 91,918Total imports headgear 18,615 285,180 25,473 360,448 25,682 326,984-- from outside the EU 6,317 97,464 11,541 149,688 13,041 136,939-- from developing countries 2,747 22,714 6,628 36,939 8,999 46,567

Protective glasses tons tons tonsPlastic 4,547 127,221 5,066 150,381 6,669 146,939Other materials 2,182 78,065 2,722 86,152 2,751 78,731Total imports protective glasses 6,729 205,286 7,788 236,533 9,420 225,670-- from outside the EU 4,849 133,983 5,806 160,004 7,081 151,395-- from developing countries 2,422 45,843 3,236 66,564 3,447 70,574

Breathing appliances tons tons tonsfor civil aircraft 69 11,507 43 15,952 55 17,094Other 4,531 203,808 5,420 255,524 4,700 225,411Total breathing appliances 4,600 215,315 5,463 271,476 4,755 242,505-- from outside the EU 1,310 52,664 1,327 63,002 1,284 70,771-- from developing countries 172 3,869 182 5,846 124 7,094

tons tons tonsTotal PPE imports 421,250 3343,027 451,558 3866,041 455,235 3882,038-- from outside the EU 276,124 2131,034 298,777 2471,921 302,056 2592,184-- from developing countries 228,101 1401,489 249,067 1599,763 235,255 1726,285

Source: Eurostat

50

Table 2-2 EU exports of PPE by type of product, 1999-2001

1999 2000 2001

Metric Euro Metric Euro Metric Eurotons ‘000 tons ‘000 tons ‘000

WorkwearMen’s or boys’- cotton ensembles 558 12,044 846 12,987 1,871 28,482- synthetic fibres ensembles 332 8,687 465 10,204 229 6,775- artificial fibres ensembles 495 5,817 480 6,408 329 4,867- cotton jackets 999 17,997 1,191 25,799 867 19,458- synthetic fibres jackets 1,984 57,679 1,678 44,656 1,898 49,528- artificial fibres jackets 80 1,937 42 1,826 32 2,548- cotton trousers 3,010 64,263 2,728 63,931 2,724 58,934- cotton bib’n brace overalls 1,310 18,645 1,369 21,925 4,347 18,817- synthetic trousers 2,506 59,340 2,705 59,298 2,734 63,443- synthetic bib’n brace overalls 1,483 29,381 1,536 30,923 1,385 34,283- artificial fibres trousers 60 1,793 67 2,988 42 2,204- artificial bib’n brace overalls 77 1,761 61 1,660 24 951Other occupational clothing of:- cotton 3,541 48,868 3,274 53,180 3,516 50,005- man-made fibres 4,242 107,532 4,746 106,296 6,423 115,375Women’s and girls’- cotton ensembles 110 4,495 81 2,365 19 1,429- synthetic fibres ensembles 46 2,490 61 2,785 72 1,977- artificial fibres ensembles 46 3,068 20 1,214 7 814- cotton jackets 54 1,598 257 3,011 63 3,471- synthetic fibres jackets 1,407 7,094 359 9,180 128 9,242- artificial fibres jackets 51 2,120 24 651 10 366- cotton trousers 348 11,348 622 14,834 518 18,333- cotton bib’n brace overalls 29 427 10 388 20 787- synthetic trousers 375 10,086 352 12,795 421 21,375- synthetic bib’n brace overalls 19 560 33 1,157 25 973- artificial fibres trousers 63 3,342 98 4,941 30 2,001- artificial bib’n brace overalls 3 119 9 432 9 177Other occupational clothing of:- cotton 2,269 24,382 1,909 27,543 2,060 26,521- man-made fibres 2,117 54,619 2,244 70,669 2,116 68,729Total exports workwear 27,614 561,492 27,267 594,046 31,919 611,865-- outside the EU 9,500 161,777 9,904 187,892 11,280 213,126

Protective gloves- rubber surgical gloves 22,572 141,931 17,283 127,640 18,607 112,770- rubber household gloves 3,866 22,164 3,784 20,597 3,548 19,475- other rubber gloves 12,196 105,095 16,148 132,875 16,971 137,561Leather (incl. artificial) gloves 5,149 37,346 6,883 45,598 6,001 45,231Cotton impregnated, coated etc.:- with rubber 5,119 81,103 6,089 87,588 5,382 88,319- with plastic 1,650 22,232 2,308 26,753 1,516 32,599Total protective gloves 50,552 409,871 52,495 441,051 52,025 435,955-- outside the EU 11,772 92,922 13,031 106,072 12,683 98,775

Continue

51

Continued

1999 2000 2001

Metric Euro Metric Euro Metric Eurotons ‘000 tons ‘000 tons ‘000

Protective footwearWaterproof with uppers of rubber 1,819 7,442 887 8,389 916 8,482Waterproof with uppers of plastic 2,616 20,991 1,635 24,905 1,731 31,347Other, uppers rubber or plastic 358 4,583 391 5,552 609 8,259Other with uppers of leather 18,200 320,828 20,007 369,810 22,979 403,468Total protective footwear 22,993 353,844 22,920 408,656 26,235 451,556-- outside the EU 5,122 64,376 4,608 70,644 6,187 95,672

Protective headgearPlastic 8,070 233,477 9,273 272,872 8,776 261,599Other materials 2,574 87,034 2,712 96,512 2,346 87,832Total headgear 10,644 320,511 11,985 369,384 11,122 349,431-- outside the EU 2,869 95,378 3,375 116,600 3,047 100,472

Protective glasses Plastic 2,197 101,618 2,356 134,000 3,431 168,158Other materials 1,594 128,301 1,106 86,043 1,060 106,896Total protective glasses 3,791 229,919 3,462 220,043 4,491 275,054-- outside the EU 1,220 73,631 1,340 105,619 1,328 148,016

Breathing appliancesfor civil aircraft 132 19,105 120 23,853 73 23,121other 4,637 298,999 5,558 330,204 10,119 311,810Total breathing appliances 4,769 318,104 5,678 354,057 10,192 334,931-- outside the EU 1,761 116,477 1,975 142,910 7,129 167,035

Total PPE exports 120,363 2193,741 123,807 2387,237 135,984 2458,792-- outside the EU 32,244 604,561 34,223 729,737 41,654 823,096

Source: Eurostat

52

APPENDIX 3 STANDARDS ORGANISATIONS

General information concerning standards for PersonalProtective Equipment can be obtained from:CEN (Comité Européen de Normalisation)Address: Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 2 550 0811 Telefax: + 32 2 550 0819E-mail: infodesk@cenorm.beInternet: www.cenorm.be

ISO (International Standard Organisation)Address: 1, Rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 56,

CH-1211 Geneva 20, SwitzerlandTelephone: + 41 22 749 0111 Telefax: + 41 22 733 3430E-mail: central@iso.org Internet: www.iso.org

Information concerning textile care labelling in EU countriescan be obtained from:GINETEX (Groupement international d’etiquetage pour l’entretien des textiles)Address: 37 Rue de Neuilly, P.O. Box 121,

92113 Clichy Cedex, FranceTelephone: + 33 1 4756 3180Telefax: + 33 1 4730 2709E-mail: ginetex@hotmail.comInternet: www.ginetex.org

53

APPENDIX 4 TRADE ASSOCIATIONS

EUPPE suppliersEuropean Safety Federation (ESF)European manufacturers, suppliers and distributors of PPEAddress: Binnensteenweg 180,

B-2530 Boechout, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 3 460 0231Telefax: + 32 3 460 0213E-mail: esf@village.uunet.beInternet: http://home.tiscali.be/esf

Clothing IndustryEuratexThe European Apparel and Textile OrganisationAddress: 24, Rue Montoyer, B-1000 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 2 285 4880Telefax: + 32 2 230 6054E-mail: info@euratex.orgInternet: http://www.euratex.org

AUSTRIAPPE suppliersVerband ArbeitssicherheitAddress: Maria Hilferstrasse147/10,

A-1150 Vienna, AustriaTelephone: + 43 18 925 585Telefax: + 43 18 925 585E-mail: info@vas.atInternet: http://www.vas.at

Clothing IndustryFachverband der Bekleidungsindustrie OsterreichsAddress: Schwarzenbergplatz 4, 1030 Vienna, AustriaTelephone: + 43 1 712 1296Telefax: + 43 1 713 9204E-mail: office@fashion-industry.atInternet: http://www.fashion-industry.at

WholesaleHandelsvertreter und VermittlerAdress: Schwarzenbergplatz 14, 1041 Vienna, AustriaTelephone: + 43 1 514 050Telefax: + 43 1 505 2647Internet: http://www.vertreter.at/hv

BELGIUMPPE suppliersFebelsafeAddress: Rue Gachardstraat 88 (b 4),

B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 3 460 0231Telefax: + 32 3 460 0213E-mail: info@febelsafe.beInternet: http://www.febelsafe.be

Clothing IndustryBelgian Clothing AssociationAddress: Rue Montoyer 24, B-1000 BrusselsTelephone: + 32 2 238 1011Telefax: + 32 2 230 4700E-mail: magnus@belgianfashion.beInternet: http://www.belgianfashion.be

DENMARKPPE suppliersBPAAddress: P.O. Box 30, Sneppehøj, Jonstrup,

DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark Telephone: + 45 43 711 617Telefax: + 45 43 711 671E-mail: info@sikkerhed.co.dkInternet: http://www.bpa-esf..dk

Clothing IndustryFederation of Danish Textiles and ClothingAddress: Birk Centerpark 38, Herning, DenmarkPostal address: P.O. Box 507, DK-7400 Herning, DenmarkTelephone: + 45 97 117 200Telefax: + 45 97 117 215E-mail: info@textile.dkInternet: http://www.textile.dk

WholesaleDanish Association of Commercial AgentsAdress: Borsen, DK-1217 Copenhagen K, DenmarkTelephone: + 45 33 950 500Telefax: + 45 33 330 464E-mail: denmark@coomercial-agents.dkInternet: http://www.commercial-agents.dk

FINLANDPPE suppliersSTYLAddress: P.O. Box 41, FIN-00811 Helsinki, FinlandTelephone: + 358 9 7771 8626Telefax: + 358 9 794 255E-mail: mjjh@suojalaite.fi Internet: http://www.styl.fi

Clothing IndustryFederation of Finnish Textile and Clothing IndustriesAddress: Etelaranta 10, SF-00131 Helsinki, FinlandTelephone: + 358 9 686 121Telefax: + 358 9 653 305E-mail: info@finatex.fi Internet: http://www.finatex.fi

54

FRANCEPPE suppliersSynamapAddress: F-92038 Paris-la-Défense Cédex, FranceTelephone: + 33 1 4455 6660Telefax: + 32 1 4455 6666E-mail: ufih@wanadoo.frInternet : http://www.lamodefrancaise.tm.fr

Clothing IndustryUFIH (Union Francaise des Industries de l’Habillement)Address: 8, rue Montesquieu, 75001 Paris, FranceTelephone: + 33 1 4296 2415Telefax: + 33 1 4296 4841

GERMANYPPE suppliersIVPSAddress: Brandenburusche Strasse 28,

D-10707 Berlin, GermanyTelephone: + 49 30 8572 8057Telefax: + 49 30 8572 8058E-mail: ivps.berlin@t-online.deInternet: http://www.ivps.de

Clothing IndustryBundesverband Bekleidungsindustrie e.V.Address: Mevissenstrasse 15,

D-50668 Cologne, GermanyTelephone: + 49 221 774 4113Telefax: + 49 221 774 4118E-mail: bbi@bbi-online.deInternet: http://www.bekleidungsindustrie.de

WholesaleGesamtverein des deutschen TextilgrosshandelAdress: Neumarkt 35-37, 50667 Cologne, GermanyTelephone: + 49 221 217 092Telefax: + 49 221 212 898

GREECEClothing IndustryHellenic Fashion Industry Association (HFIA)Address: 51 Ermou Str, 10563 Athens, GreeceTelephone: + 32 2 238 1011Telefax: + 32 2 230 4700E-mail: info@skee.grInternet: http://www.greekfashion.gr

IRELANDClothing IndustryIrish Clothing & Textile AllianceAddress: Confederation House,

84/86 Lower Bagget Str, Dublin 2, IrelandTelephone: + 353 1 605 1560Telefax: + 353 1 638 1560E-mail: susan.keane@ibec.ie

ITALYPPE suppliersAssosicAddress: Via Battistotti Sassi, 11 B,

I-20133 Milan, ItalyTelephone: + 39 02 739 71Telefax: + 39 02 739 7316E-mail: anima@anima-it.comInternet: http://www.anima-it.com

Clothing IndustrySistema Moda Italia (SMI)Address: Viale Sarca 223, I-20126 Milan, ItalyTelephone: + 39 02 6610 3391-3566Telefax: + 39 02 6610 3667-70E-mail: costa@sistemodaitalia.itInternet: http://www.sistemodaitalia.it

THE NETHERLANDSPPE suppliersAVAGAddress: Varrolaan 100,

NL-3503 RC Utrecht, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 30 689 8918Telefax: + 31 30 689 9918E-mail: rbrinks@mmm.com

Clothing IndustryModintAddress: P.O. Box 69265,

1060 CH Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 20 512 1416Telefax: + 31 20 617 0634E-mail: info@modint.nlInternet: http://www.modint.nl

WholesaleFTGB (Federatie Textiel Groothandelsbonden)Adress: Adriaan Goekooplaan 5,

2517 XJ The Hague, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 70 354 2895Telefax: + 31 70 351 2777

PORTUGALClothing IndustryANIVECAddress: Av. Da Boavista 3525-7, Ap.1398,

4107 Porte Cedex, PortugalTelephone: + 351 2 616 5470Telefax: + 351 2 6100 049 E-mail: geral@anivec.ptInternet: http://www.anivec.pt

55

SPAINPPE suppliersASEPALAddress: Alcala 119-Piso quarto-Izquierda,

28009 Madrid, SpainTelephone: + 34 91 431 6298Telefax: + 34 91 435 1640E-mail: asepal@mad.servicom.es

Clothing IndustryFedeconAddress: Princessa 25-6-1, 28008 Madrid, Spain Telephone: + 34 1 541 4094Telefax: + 34 1 542 3352

SWEDENPPE suppliersB.P.S.Address: SE-523 85 Ulricehamn, SwedenTelephone: + 46 321 677 300Telefax: + 46 321 677 296

Clothing IndustryTEKO industriernaAddress: P.O. Box 5510, Storgatan 5,

114 85 Stockholm, SwedenTelephone: + 46 8 762 6662Telefax: + 46 8 762 6887E-mail: svencelc@vi.seInternet: http://www.teko.se

UKPPE suppliersBSIFAddress: St. Asaph Business Park, Glascoeed Road,

St. Asaph LL170LJ, UKTelephone: + 44 1745 585 600Telefax: + 44 1745 585 800E-mail: b.s.i.f@virgin.netInternet: http://www.bsif.co.uk

Clothing IndustryBritish Apparel & Textile Confederation (BATC)Address: 5, Portland place, London W1N 3AA, UKTelephone: + 44 171 636 7788Telefax: + 44 171 636 7515E-mail: batc@dial.pipex.comInternet: http://www.batc.co.uk

56

APPENDIX 5 TRADE FAIR ORGANISERS

GERMANYA + A, Occupational Safety+ Health at Work(International trade fair for protective equipment)Location: Düsseldorfer MesseSectors: equipment, devices and auxilliary materials

for all kinds of (personal) protection Frequency: biennial (once in two years),

next in October 2003Organization: Düsseldorfer Messe GmbH Address: P.O. Box 101006,

D-40001 Düsseldorf, GermanyTelephone: + 49 211 456001Telefax: + 49 211 4560668E-mail: info@messe-duesseldorfInternet: http www.messe-duesseldorf.de

TechtextilInternational trade fair for technical textiles and non-wovensLocation: Frankfurter Messe, Ludwig Erhard-Anlage 1,

Frankfurt am Main Sectors: woven and knitted fabrics and non-wovens;

textiles for agriculture and horticulture,industrial textiles, medical textiles etc.

Frequency: biennial (once in two years)Organization: Messe Frankfurt GmbHAddress: P.O. Box 150210,

60062 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyTelephone: + 49 69 7575-0Telefax: + 49 69 7575 6433E-mail: info@mfa.messefrankfurt.comInternet: http://www.mfa.messefrankfurt.com

Arbeitsschutz AktuellIndustrial Safety Trade Fair and CongressLocation: Rotating location; next in Wiesbaden,

Germany Sectors: all sectors of security techniques and

workmen’s personal and mechanical security Frequency: biennial, next in October 2004Organization: Hinte Messe-und Ausstellungs GmbHAddress: P.O. Box 2948, 76016 Karlsruhe, GermanyTelephone: + 49 721 931 330Telefax: + 49 721 931 3311E-mail: info@hinte-messe.deInternet: http://www.hinte-messe.de/arbeitsschutz-

aktuall

HogatecInternational fair for hotels, gastronomy and cateringLocation: Düsseldorfer MesseSectors: equipment for hotels, restaurants, industrial

kitchen etc.Frequency: biennial, next in November 2004Organization: Düsseldorfer Messe GmbH Address: P.O. Box 101006,

D-40001 Düsseldorf, GermanyTelephone: + 49 211 456001Telefax: + 49 211 4560668E-mail: info@messe-duesseldorfInternet: http://www.messe-duesseldorf.de

IntergastraLocation: Killesberg Segments: Equipment for hotel, restaurant, café and

confectionery, including linen and garmentsFrequency: biennial, next in February-March 2004 Organization: Messe Stuttgart InternationalAddress: P.O. Box 10352, 70028 Stuttgart, GermanyTelephone: + 49 711 25890 Telefax: + 49 711 2589440E-mail: info@messe-stuttgart.de Internet: http://www.messe-stuttgart.de

Texcare InternationalLocation: Frankfurter Messe, Frankfurt am Main Sectors: machinery for laundry, textiles for leasing

services etc. Frequency: annual, in June Organization: Messe Frankfurt GmbHAddress: P.O. Box 150210,

60062 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyTelephone: + 49 69 7575-0Telefax: + 49 69 7575 6433E-mail: info@mfa.messefrankfurt.com Internet: http://www.mfa.messefrankfurt.com

MedizinTrade Exhibition for Equipment for Surgeries and HospitalsLocation: Killesberg Segments: medical equipment for hospitals including

clothingFrequency: annual, in January Organization: Messe Stuttgart InternationalAddress: P.O. Box 10352, 70028 Stuttgart, GermanyTelephone: + 49 711 25890 Telefax: + 49 711 2589440E-mail: info@messe-stuttgart.de Internet: http://www.messe-stuttgart.de

57

THE NETHERLANDSHorecava (trade fair for hotel and catering industry) Location: RAI Exhibition and Congress CentreSegments: hotels, restaurants, cafés and allied industriesFrequency: annual, in January Organisation: RAI International Exhibition and Congress

CentreAddress: Europaplein 8,

1078 GZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 20 549 1212 Telefax: + 31 20 646 4469E-mail: press@rai.nlInternet: http://www.rai.nl

Arbo(International fair for working circumstances including Jobfashion)Location: RAI Exhibition and Congress CentreSegments: hotels, restaurants, cafés and allied industriesFrequency: annual, next in January 2004Organisation: RAI International Exhibition and Congress

CentreAddress etc.: see Horecava

Other trade fairs for specific branches, where PPE is alsoapplicable, are: Bedrijfsauto Rai (International CommercialVehicles Show), Bakery Trade Fair, Autovak (garageequipment), Bouw Rai (Trade Fair for Building Construction).All these trade fairs are organised by RAI (see underHorecava).

MedicaInternational Hospital Equipment Exhibition OrganisationLocation: Royal Dutch Jaarbeurs, UtrechtSegments: medical technology and medical supplyFrequency: biennial, next in March 2003 m / l 2004

Organisation: Koninklijke Nederlandse JaarbeursAddress: P.O. Box 8500,

3503 RM Utrecht, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 30 295 5911Telefax: + 31 30 294 0379E-mail: info@jaarbeursutrecht.nlInternet: http://www.jaarbeursutrecht.nl

AUSTRIAPreventaTrade fair for all kinds of personal protectionLocation: Dornbirner MesseSectors: manufacturing technology, safety and defense,

safety and security technologyFrequency: annual in March Organization: Dornbirner MesseAddress: Messestrasse 4, A-6854 Dornbirn, AustriaTelephone: + 43 5572 3050Telefax: + 43 5572 305011E-mail: service@dornbirnermesse.atInternet: http::// www.dornbirnermesse.at

SPAINLaboralia Prevention, Protection, Safety and Health at Work Trade FairLocation: Feria ValenciaSectors: personal protective equipment and fire

preventionFrequency: biennial, next in November 2003 Organization: Feria ValenciaAddress: Avda. de las Ferias s/n, 46036 Valencia, SpainTelephone: + 91 34 963 86 1413Telefax: + 91 34 963 861293E-mail: info@feriavalencia.comInternet: http://www.feriavalencia.com

SicurInternational Security, Safety and Fire Protection Trade Fair Location: Parque Ferial Juan Carlos I, MadridSectors: fire-fighting, services and equipmentFrequency: biennial, next in February-March 2004 Organization: IFEMAAddress: Parque Ferial Juan Carlos I, Apdo. De Correos

67067, 28080 Madrid, SpainTelephone: + 91 722 5000Telefax: + 91 722 5801E-mail: infoifema@ifema.esInternet: http://www.ifema.es

SWEDENElmia Working EnvironmentInternational Trade Fair on Industrial safety and Occupational HealthLocation: Fairs and Congress Centre, StockholmSectors: personal protection equipment (among others)Frequency: biennial, next in September 2004 Organization: Elmia ABAddress: P.O. Box 6066, 550 06 Jönköping, SwedenTelephone: + 46 36 152000Telefax: + 46 36 164692E-mail: mail@elmia.se Internet: http://www.elmia.se

UNITED KINGDOMCAREER and WORKWEAR SHOWLocation: Business Design Centre, Islington, LondonSectors: corporate wearFrequency: biennial, next in October 2003Organization: Philbeach Events Address: Earls Court Exhibition London SW5 9TA,

CentreWarwick Road, UKTelephone: + 44 71 3708201Telefax: + 44 71 3708142Internet: http://www.cwshow.co.uk

58

Health and Safety Expo (a)/International Fire Expo (b)Location: National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham Sectors: (a) product and services for safety,

occupational health etc.(b) fire-fighting etc.

Frequency: annual, in May Organization: Miller Freeman UK Ltd Address: 630 Chiswick High Road,

London W4 5BG United Kingdom Telephone: + 44 181 742 2828 Telefax: + 44 181 747 3856Internet: http://www.unmf.co.uk

59

APPENDIX 6 TRADE PRESS

UNITED KINGDOMCompany ClothingAddress: 356 West Barnes Lane, Motspur Park,

Surrey KT3 6NB, United KingdomTelephone: + 44 181 9427800Telefax: + 44 181 9497033E-mail: ccis@company-clothing.co,ukInternet: www.company-clothing.co.ukFrequency: monthlyLanguage: EnglishContent: workwear and careerwear information

Health & Safety at workAddress: Butterworths Tolley, Anne Boleyn House,

9-13 Ewel Road, Cheam, Surrey SM38JT, UKTelephone: + 44 181 722 3400E-mail: hsw@butterworths.co.uk Frequency: monthlyLanguage: EnglishContent: health and safety in working circumstances

and the environment, including legislation onnational and EU level

Textile Outlook InternationalPublisher: Textiles Intelligence UnitAddress: 10 Beech Lane Wilmslow,

Cheshire SK9 5ER, UKTelephone: + 44 1625 536 136Telefax: + 44 1625 536 137E-mail: textintell@aol.comFrequency: 6 times a yearLanguage: EnglishContent: world-wide production and trade information

on textiles and clothing

Technical TextilesSame publisher as Textile Outlook InternationalFrequency: 4 times a yearContent: world-wide production and trade information

on technical textiles

GERMANYDie BGPublisher: HVBG Address: Alte Heerstrasse 111,

53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany Telephone: + 49 2241 231 1313 Telefax: + 49 211 324862 Internet: http://www.hvbg.deFrequency: monthly Language: GermanContent: health and safety in working circumstances

and the environment, including legislation onnational and EU level.

Textil Mitteilung en (TM)Publisher: Fach Verlag GmbH Address: P.O. Box 101701, 40008 Düsseldorf, Germany Telephone: + 49 211 8303-0 Telefax: + 49 211 324862 Frequency: weekly Language: GermanContent: production, trade and fashion information on

textile and clothing

Textil Wirtschaft (TW)Publisher: Deutscher Fachverlag GmbHAddress: P.O. Box 60264,

D-6000 Frankfurt am Main, GermanyTelephone: + 49 69 75952214/18Telefax: + 49 69 75952200Internet: http://www.Twnetwork.deFrequency: weekly Language: GermanContent: production, trade and fashion information on

textiles and clothing

THE NETHERLANDSArbeidsomstandighedenPublisher: Samsom BV Address: Prinses Margrietlaan 3,

Alphen aan de Rijn, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 172 466 633 Telefax: + 31 172 491 345 E-mail: klantenservice@samsom.nlFrequency: 11 times a year Language: DutchContent: health and safety at work in general,

information about legislation, directives etc

TextiliaPublisher: VNU Business Publications Address: P.O. Box 9194,

1006 CC Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 20 4875830Telefax: + 31 20 4875711 E-mail: textilia@bpa.vnu.comFrequency: weekly Language: DutchContent: trade magazine for clothing and textiles

60

TexpressPublisher: VNU Business Publications Address: P.O. Box 9194,

1006 CC Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 20 4875830Telefax: + 31 20 4875711 E-mail: texpress@bpa.vnu.comFrequency: weekly Language: DutchContent: magazine for textiles industry and trade in

Belgium and The Netherlands

61

APPENDIX 7 BUSINESS SUPPORT ORGANISATIONS

Organisations, which are active in the field of the promotionof imports from developing countries.

CBI, Centrum tot Bevordering van de Import uitontwikkelingslanden (Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developingcountries)Address: Beursplein 37 (5th floor), RotterdamPostal Address:P.O. Box 30009,

3001 DA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 201 3434 Telefax: + 31 10 411 4081E-mail: cbi@cbi.nlInternet: http://www.cbi.nl

ITC(International Trade Center)Division of Product and Market DevelopmentAddress: Palais des Nations; P.O. Box 10,

1211 Geneva 10, SwitzerlandTelephone: + 41 22 7300 111 Telefax: + 41 22 730 05E-mail: itcreg@intracen.orgInternet: http://www.intracen.org

DIPO(Danish Import Promotion Office for Products fromDeveloping Countries)Danish Chamber of CommerceAddress: Boersen, DK-1217 Copenhagen K, DenmarkTelephone: + 45 33 950500Telefax: + 45 33 325216E-mail: dok@commerce.dk

PROTRADE/GTZ(Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH) German organisation for technical cooperationAddress: Dag-Hammerskjöld-Weg 1-5; P.O. Box 5180,

D-65726 Eschborn 1, GermanyTelephone: + 49 6196 796 000Telefax: + 49 6196 797 414E-mail: postmaster@gtz.deInternet: http://www.protrade.gtz.de

BfAI(Bundesstelle fur Aussenhandelsinformation)Federal Office of Foreign Trade Information,with offices in both Cologne and BerlinAddress: Agrippastrasse 87-93; P.O. Box 100522,

50445 Cologne, GermanyTelephone: + 49 221 205 7000Telefax: + 49 221 205 7212also:Address: Scharnhornstrasse 87-93, P.O. Box 650268,

13302 Berlin, GermanyTelephone: + 49 30 2014 5200Telefax: + 49 30 2014 5204

ICE(Instituto Nazionale per il Commercio Estero)National Institute for Foreign TradeAddress: Via Liszt 21, P.O. Box 10057,

00144 Rome, ItalyTelephone: + 39 6 59921Telefax: + 39 6 599 26900E-mail: sitoece@ice.it

Bundeskammer der gewerblichen WirtschaftAustrian Federal Economic ChamberAddress: Wiener Hauptstrasse 63, P.O. Box 150,

1045 Vienna, AustriaTelephone: + 43 1 501 050 Telefax: + 43 1 5020 6250E-mail: hotline@wkoe.wk.or.atInternet: http://www.wk.or.at

NORAD (Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation)Address: Tollbugaten 31, P.O. Box 8034 Dep.,

N-0030 Oslo 1, NorwayTelephone: + 47 22 314 400 Telefax: + 47 22 314 403 E-mail: postmottak@oslo.norad.telemax.no

Sida(Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency)Address: Sveavagen 20, P.O. Box 3144,

S-10525 Stockholm, SwedenTelephone: + 46 8 698 5000 Telefax: + 46 8 620 8864E-mail: sida@sida.org.se Internet: http://www.sida.se

62

SIPPO(Swiss Import Promotion Programme)Address: Stampfenbachstrasse 85,

8035 Zurich, SwitzerlandTelephone: + 41 1 365 5151 Telefax: + 41 1 365 5221E-mail: info.zurich@osec.ch

63

APPENDIX 8 OTHER USEFUL ADDRESSES

The following organisations can supply useful information onquota, import duties, import licences and other traderegulations.

Import dutiesNetherlands Customs DirectorateAddress: Laan op Zuid 45,

3072 DB Rotterdam, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 50964,

3007 BG Rotterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 290 4949Telefax: + 31 10 290 4894E-mail: info@douane.nl Internet: http://www.douane.nl

Import duties, tariffs, taxes and regulationsMinistry of Finance, Department for Tariffs and QuotaAddress: Casuariestraat 32,

2511 VB The Hague, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 20201,

2500 EE The Hague, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 70 342 7540 Telefax: + 31 70 342 7900E-mail: minfin@minfin.nlInternet: http://www.minfin.nl

Import licences, certificates, procedures:Central Services for Import & ExportAddress: De Engelse Kamp 2,

9722 AX Groningen, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 50 523 9111Telefax: + 31 50 5260698Internet: http://www.belastingdienst.nl

More information about the market and other generalinformation can be obtained from the following addresses:Netherlands Foreign Trade Agency Part of the Ministry of Economic AffairsAddress: Bezuidenhoutseweg 181, 2594 AH The HaguePostal Address:P.O. Box 20105,

2500 EC The Hague, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 70 379 8933Telefax: + 31 70 379 7878E-mail: infoservice@evd.nlInternet: http://www.hollandtrade.com

Chamber of Commerce & Industries for Rotterdam and the Lower-MeuseAddress: Beursplein 37 (3rd Floor),

3011 AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands Postal Address:P.O. Box 30025,

3001 DA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 405 7777Telefax: + 31 10 414 5754E-mail: post@rotterdam.kvk.nlInternet: http://www.kvk.nl

Chamber of Commerce & Industries for Amsterdam Address: De Ruyterkade 5,

1013 AA Amsterdam The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 2852,

1000 CW Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 20 531 4000Telefax: + 31 20 531 4799E-mail: post@amsterdam.kvk.nlInternet: http://www.amsterdam.kvk.nl

Indication of tenders, CE-marking, European rules forworking and environmental circumstances:EU Trade InformationAddress: Pettelaarpark 10, 5216 PD ’s-HertogenboschPostal Address:P.O. Box 70060, 5201 DZ ’s-Hertogenbosch,

The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 73 680 6600Telefax: + 31 73 612 3210E-mail: info@egadvies.nlInternet: http://www.egadvies.nl

The following trade directories are free available for variousEuropean countries in different languages.KompassAddress: Hoge Hilweg 15,

1101 CB Amsterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 20 697 4041Telefax: + 33 20 696 5603E-mail: info@kompass.nl Internet: http://www.kompass.nl

ABC of trade and industryAddress: Kon. Wilhelminalaan 16,

2012 JK Haarlem, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 23 531 9031Telefax: + 33 23 532 7033E-mail: info@abc-d.nl Internet: http://www.abc-d.nl

64

EuropagesAddress: 47, rue Louis Blanc,

92984 Paris la Défense Cedex, FranceTelephone: + 33 1 4116 4900Telefax: + 33 1 4116 4950E-mail: comments@europages.com Internet: http://www.europages.com

General information for trade-related environmental,health & safety and social & ethical issues Access GuideAddress: P.O. Box 30009,

3001 DA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 2013434 Telefax: + 31 10 4114081E-mail: accessguide@cbi.nl Internet: http://www.cbi.nl

Contact point EU ECO-label:Commission of the European Communities, DG XI-A-2Address: Rue de la Loi 200,

B-1049 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 2 2969515Telefax: + 32 2 2969560E-mail: dgxiweb@dg11,cec.beInternet: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/dg11

The Netherlands competent body for the Milieukeurenvironmental label:Stichting MilieukeurAddress: Eisenhowerlaan 150,

2517 KP The Hague, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 70 3586300 Telefax: + 31 70 3502517E-mail: ecomarkt@ecomarkt.nlInternet: http://www.milieukeur.nl

Contact points for the Öko-Tex hallmark:Zertifizierungsstelle Address: Frankfurter Straße 10-14,

D-65760 Eschborn, GermanyTelephone: + 49 6196 966230Telefax: + 49 6196 966226

Forschungsinstitut HohensteinAddress: Schloß Hohenstein,

D-74357 Bonningheim, GermanyTelephone: + 49 7143 2710Telefax: + 49 7143 2751E-mail: info@hohenstein.deInternet: http://www.hohenstein.de

Contact points for the SG (Schadstoffgeprüft Zeichen)hallmark:TÜV Rheinland Sicherheit und Umweltschutz GmbHAddress: Am Grauen Stein,

D-51105 Cologne, Germany Telephone: + 49 221 8062958 Telefax: + 49 221 8062882Internet: http://www.tuev-rheinland.de

Institut Fresenius GruppeAddress: Im Maisel 14,

D-65232 Taunusstein-Neuhof, GermanyTelephone: + 49 6128 744155 Telefax: + 49 6128 744201Internet: http://www.institut-fresenius.de

Prüf- und Forschungsinstitut PirmasensAddress: Hans-Sachs-Straße 2,

D-66955 Pirmasens, GermanyTelephone: + 49 6331 74016 Telefax: + 49 6331 74507

65

APPENDIX 9 SOURCES OF STATISTICAL INFORMATION

Production:The Netherlands: CBS (Nederlands Centraal Bureau voor deStatistiek)Germany: BBI (Bundesverband Bekleidungsindustrie)European Union : CITH (Centre d’information Textile-Habillement); OETH (l’Observatoire Européen du Textile etde l’Habillement)

Trade:The Netherlands: CBSEuropean Union: Eurostat, EIU (Economist Intelligence Unit)

Addresses:CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics in The Netherlands) Address: Prinses Beatrixlaan 428, 2273 XZ Voorburg,

The Netherlands Postal Address:P.O. Box 4000, 2270 JM Voorburg,

The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 70 337 3800Telefax: + 31 70 387 7429E-mail: infoservice@cbs.nlInternet: http://www.cbs.nl

CITHAddress: Rue Montoyer,

24 B-1040 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 2 2307629 Telefax: + 32 2 2306054

OETHAddress: Rue Belliard, 197 Bte 9,

B-1040 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 2 2303282 Telefax: + 32 2 2304334 E-mail: info@oeth.comInternet: http://www.oeth.com

BBIAddress: Mevissenstrasse 15,

W-5000 Köln 1, GermanyTelephone: + 02 21 7744110 Telefax: + 02 21 7744118Internet: http://www.bekleidungsindustrie.de

Eurostat Data ShopAddress: D’etterbeek 130,

B-1049 Brussels, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 2 299 6666 Telefax : + 32 2 295 0125E-mail: datashop.brussel@eurostat.cec.beInternet: http://www.europa.eu.int/

Economist Intelligence Unit Address: 15, Regent Street, London SW1 Y 4LR UKTelephone: + 44 171 830 1000 Telefax : + 44 171 499 9767Internet: http://www.eiu.com

66

APPENDIX 10 LIST OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Please note that the OECD list of developing countries, as applied in this market survey, may include countries that are usually notconsidered as developing countries (e.g. South Korea).

Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia & Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Cape Verde Central African rep. Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Djibouti Dominica Dominican republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Fiji French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Ghana Gibraltar Grenada

Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras India Indonesia Iran Iraq Jamaica Jordan Kazakstan Kenya Kiribati Korea, Rep. of Korea, South Kyrghyz Rep.LaosLebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya MacaoMacedonia Madagascar Malawi MalaysiaMaldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Micronesia, Fed. StatesMoldova Mongolia Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Northern Marianas Oman

Pakistan Palau Islands Palestinian Admin. Areas Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Rwanda São Tomé & Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Sri Lanka St. Helena St. Kitts-Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and GrenadinesSudan Surinam Swaziland Syria Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad & Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks & Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Virgin Islands (UK) Wallis & Futuna Western SamoaYemen Yugoslavia, Fed. Rep. Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe

67

APPENDIX 11 LIST OF MAJOR BUYERS OF PPE IN THE NETHERLANDS

MANUFACTURERS/IMPORTERS

Alpine BVManufacturer of ear protectorsAddress: Amersfoortsestraat 70 D,

3769 AL SOESTERBERG, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Amersfoortsestraat 70 D,

3769 AL SOESTERBERG, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 346 333 350Telefax: + 31 346 353 990E-mail: info@alpine.nlInternet: http://www.alpine.nl

Arbin Personal Protection BVManufacturer of and trader in PPEAddress: Huiskenstraat 50,

5916 PN VENLO, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Huiskenstraat 50,

5916 PN VENLO, The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 77 320 3700Telefax: + 31 77 320 3705E-mail: info@arbin-pp.comInternet: http://www.arbin-pp.com

Bata IndustrialsManufacturer of footwear and trader in workwearAddress: Europaplein 1,

5684 ZC BEST, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 499 362 911Telefax: + 31 499 362 957E-mail: info@bata.nlInternet: http://www.bata.nl or

http://www.bataindustrials.com

Berkel BV, DeManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Gesinkkampstraat 13,

7051 HR VARSSEVELD, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 128, 7050 AC VARSSEVELD,

The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 315 244 161Telefax: + 31 315 241 126E-mail: de.berkel@wxs.nl

Bucofa BV Manufacturer of and trader in workwear, protective clothingand footwearAddress: Instraat 7, 6021 AC BUDEL, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 2006,

6020 AA BUDEL, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 495 491 361Telefax: + 31 495 430 499E-mail: info@bucofa.nlInternet: http://www.bucofa.nl

Chroomleder fabriek Brabant BVManufacturer of safety footwearAddress: Hogesteenweg 62,

5175 AD LOON op ZAND, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Hogesteenweg 62,

5173 AD LOON op ZAND, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 416 361 325Telefax: + 31 416 361 974

Determeijer Van Maanen BVManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Engelseweg 9 A,

5705 AB HELMOND, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Engelseweg 9 A,

5705 AB HELMOND, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 492 523 303Telefax: + 31 492 527 317

E.C.C. CoutureManufacturer of workwear and careerwearAddress: Overesweg 6,

7577 PA, OLDENZAAL, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 271,

7570 AG OLDENZAAL, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 541 52 05 00Telefax: + 31 541 52 09 85E-mail: hanwissink@hetnet.nl

EHCO/KLM NVManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Strootsweg 16,

7547 RX ENSCHEDE, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 78,

7500 AB ENSCHEDE, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 53 480 03 00Telefax: + 31 53 480 03 01E-mail: info@ehco-klm.nlInternet: http://www.ehco-klm.com

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Emma BVManufacturer of safety footwearAddress: Horizonstraat 57,

6446 SC BRUNSSUM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Horizonstraat 57,

6446 SC BRUNSSUM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 45 566 6500Telefax: + 31 45 566 6502

Faithfull Nederland BVManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Gildenstraat 25,

7005 BL DOETINCHEM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 145,

7000 AC DOETINCHEM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 314 330 944Telefax: + 31 314 327 271E-mail: info@faithfull.nlInternet: http://www.faithfull.nl

Gerba Schoenfabrieken BVManufacturer of safety footwearAddress: Hogeham 123,

5104 JD DONGEN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 6,

5100 AA DONGEN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 162 313 000Telefax: + 31 162 321 706E-mail: info@gerba.nl

Internet: http://www.gerba.nl

Haen Kledingindustrie BVManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: De Reulver 71,

7544 RT ENSCHEDE, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 40227,

7504 RE ENSCHEDE, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 53 475 4540Telefax: + 31 53 477 1055

Hedex (Confectiebedrijf H.C. Heesen BV)Manufacturer of workwearAddress: Industriestraat 16,

7091 DC Dinxperlo, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 5,

7090 AA Dinxperlo, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 315 65 16 41Telefax: + 31 315 65 20 91E-mail: postmaster@hedex.nlInternet: http://www.hedex-int.com

Heigo Nederland BVManufacturer of and trader in PPEAddress: Industrieweg Oost 28,

6662 NE ELST, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Industrieweg Oost 28,

6662 NE ELST, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 481 364 111Telefax: + 31 481 364 100

Hejco BeneluxManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Takkebijsters 9D,

4817 BL BREDA, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Takkebijsters 9D,

4817 BL BREDA, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 76 581 0107Telefax: + 31 76 587 8358

Hensen Bedrijfskleding BVManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Phoenixstraat 6,

2011 KC HAARLEM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 1016,

2001 BA HAARLEM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 23 531 9587Telefax: + 31 23 531 3886E-mail: info@hensen.nlInternet: http://www.hensen.nl

KCFS BV (Kattenburg Corporate Fashion Services)Manufacturer of workwear, uniforms and protective clothingAddress: Ambachtsweg 1a,

2641 KS PIJNACKER, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 93,

2640 AB PIJNACKER, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 15 362 0100Telefax: + 31 15 364 0909E-mail: info@kcfs.nlInternet: http://www.kcfs.nl

Mol Company Fashion BVManufacturer of corporate wearAddress: de Stroet 17a,

6741 PT LUNTEREN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 97,

6740 AB LUNTEREN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 318 48 3533Telefax: + 31 318 48 3243E-mail: molkonf@euronet.nl

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Nederlandse Dassenfabriek Mic-Ro BVManufacturer of tiesAddress: Hoofdweg 48 a,

CAPELLE A/D IJSSEL, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 5099,

2900 EB CAPELLE A/D IJSSEL,The Netherlands

Telephone: + 31 10 264 3888Telefax: + 31 10 458 6221E-mail: fo@microtiegroup.comInternet: http://www.microtiegroup.nl

North Safety Products Europe BV Manufacturer of and trader in PPEAddress: Noordmonsterweg 1,

4332 SC MIDDELBURG, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 5016,

4330 KA MIDDELBURG, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 118 656 400Telefax: + 31 118 627 535E-mail: info@northsafety.nlInternet: http://www.northsafety.nl

Ochten, P. vanManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Hekven 7,

4824 AD BREDA, The Netherlands Postal Address:P.O. Box 3297,

4800 AG BREDA, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 76 541 6888Telefax: + 31 76 541 9410

Prof Beroepskleding BVManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Slagenkampweg 9,

7731 TK OMMEN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 99,

7730 AB OMMEN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 529 453 945Telefax: + 31 529 450 188E-mail: info@proftechstyles.comInternet: http://www.profbv.nl

Van Puyenbroek Textielfabrieken BV (HAVEP) Manufacturer of workwear and protective clothing Address: Bergstraat 50,

5051 HC GOIRLE, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 11,

5050 AA GOIRLE, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 13 531 3233Telefax: + 31 13 531 3290E-mail: info@havep.nlInternet: http://www.havep.nl

PWG Bedrijfsveilige Kleding BV Manufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: A. Plesmanweg 35,

4462 GC GOES, The Netherlands Postal Address:P.O. Box 103,

4460 AC GOES, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 113 213 440Telefax: + 31 113 232 675E-mail: info@pwg.nlInternet: http://www.pwg.nl

Reckless Design BVManufacturer of safety and workwearAddress: Ir. Smedingplein 2,

1771 AC, WIERINGERWERF,The Netherlands

Postal Address:P.O. Box 63,1770 AB WIERINGERWERF,The Netherlands

Telephone: + 31 227 60 3223Telefax: + 31 227 60 3471E-mail: beroepskleding@reckless-design.comInternet: http ://www.reckless-design.com

Schijvens Confectiefabriek BV Manufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Diessenseweg 19-21,

5081 AE HILVARENBEEK, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 15,

5080 AA HILVARENBEEK, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 13 505 1111Telefax: + 31 13 505 3370E-mail: info@schijvens.nlInternet: http://www.schijvens.nl

SGA Bedrijfskleding BVManufacturer of workwear and protective clothingAddress: Basisweg 57,

1043 AN AMSTERDAM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 59310,

1040 KH AMSTERDAM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 20 448 7333Telefax: + 31 20 613 4382Internet: http://www.sga.nl

Tilburgse Kleding Industrie B.V.Manufacturer of workwear and uniformsAddress: Van Vollenhovenstraat 222,

5012 AC TILBURG, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 2177,

5001 CD TILBURG, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 13 455 59 51Telefax: + 31 13 455 43 41E-mail: info@tki.nl

70

J. van der Wee & Zn BVManufacturer of protective glovesAddress: Spoorweide 5,

5133 NM RIEL, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Spoorweide 5,

5133 NM RIEL, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 13 518 2094

IMPORTERS/WHOLESALERS

Alexandra Werkkleding BVTrader in workwear and protective clothingAddress: Sterrekroos 7,

4941 VZ RAAMSDONKVEER,The Netherlands

Postal Address:P.O. Box 223,4940 AE RAAMSDONKVEER,The Netherlands

Telephone: + 31 162 517000Telefax: + 31 162 517824Internet: http://www.alexandra.com

Baan Bedrijfskleding BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Bijdorp-Oost 50,

2992 LA BARENDRECHT, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 228,

2990 AE BARENDRECHT, The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 180 641890Telefax: + 31 180 641899

Dick Baas Handelsonderneming BVTrader in workwear and protective clothing, safety footwearand glovesAddress: Lissenveld 6,

4941 VL RAAMSDONKVEER,The Netherlands

Postal Address:P.O. Box 245,4940 AE RAAMSDONKVEER,The Netherlands

Telephone: + 31 162 514557Telefax: + 31 162 518506

Bacou Veldhoen BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Zoutverkopersstraat 8,

3334 KJ ZWIJNDRECHT, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 1025,

3330 CA ZWIJNDRECHT, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 78 655 1750Telefax: + 31 78 655 1760E-mail: info@bacou.nlInternet: http://www.bacou.nl

Bemontex BV Trader in workwear and protective clothingAddress: Morsebaan 2,

3439 NA NIEUWEGEIN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 1389,

3430 BJ NIEUWEGEIN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 30 6052260 Telefax: + 31 30 6051334

Berco & Telva BedrijfskledingTrader in workwear and protective clothing,safety footwear and glovesAddress: Hassinkweg 22a,

7556 BV HENGELO, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Hassinkweg 22a,

7556 BV HENGELO, The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 74 256 6755Telefax: + 31 74 256 6506

Bout Beroepskleding BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Van Riemsdijkweg 13,

3088 HB ROTTERDAM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Van Riemsdijkweg 13,

3088 HB ROTTERDAM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 4293732Telefax: + 31 10 4299073E-mail: info@boutsberoepskleding.nlInternet: http://www.boutberoepskleding.nl and

www.ullfrotte.nl

Bruining BVTrader in fire-fighting equipmentAdress: Cobaltstraat 44,

2718 RN ZOETERMEER, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 738,

2700 AS ZOETERMEER, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 79 3621600Telefax: + 31 79 3621751E-mail: info@bruining.nlInternet: http://www.bruining.nl

Cohen & Zoon BVTrader in workwear and protective clothingAddress: Scheepstimmerlaan 11a,

3016 AC ROTTERDAM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 23390,

3001 KJ ROTTERDAM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 4361144Telefax: + 31 10 4361324

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Coolegem Veiligheid BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Dienstenstraat 9,

3161 GN RHOON, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 953,

3160 AD RHOON, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 5065333Telefax: + 31 10 5065330E-mail: info@coolegem.nl

Cijfers Acrovan Import Export &Trading BVTrader in workwear Address: Gustoweg 51,

3029 AR ROTTERDAM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 792,

3100 AT SCHIEDAM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 273 2260Telefax: + 31 10 426 0141

Dräger Nederland BVTrader in PPEAddress: Edisonstraat 53,

2723 RS ZOETERMEER, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 310,

2700 AH ZOETERMEER, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 79 344 4666Telefax: + 31 79 331 6226

EMM International BV Trader in workwear Address: Marsweg 59,

8013 PE ZWOLLE, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Marsweg 59,

8013 PE ZWOLLE, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 38 465 5940Telefax: + 31 38 465 5041

Berendsen Safety BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Paganelstraat 12,

7821 AA EMMEN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 2065,

7801 CB EMMEN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 591 659 070Telefax: + 31 591 659 071Internet: http://www.berendsen.nl

Gevavi BVTrader in safety footwear and glovesAddress: Punterweg 1,

8042 PB ZWOLLE, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 296,

8000 AG ZWOLLE, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 38 421 3364Telefax: + 31 38 421 5513

Graytec BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Utrechtseweg 97,

3818 EC AMERSFOORT, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 1235,

3800 BE AMERSFOORT, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 33 463 0986Telefax: + 31 33 465 1469

Groeneveld-Intersafe BV Trader in workwear and PPEAddress: Kamerlingh Onnesweg 2,

3316 GL DORDRECHT, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 86,

3300 AB DORDRECHT, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 78 6181400Telefax: + 31 78 6524605E-mail: info@groeneveld-intersafe.nlInternet: http://www.groeneveld-intersafe.nl

Hacomfort-Safatec BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Laanweg 5,

3208 LG SPIJKENISSE, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 484,

3200 AL SPIJKENISSE, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 181 695440Telefax: + 31 181 695444E-mail: ino@hacomfort.nl

Hawedo BVTrader in safety gloves and protective clothingAddress: Pr. Margrietstraat 36,

5104 AE DONGEN, The Netherlands Postal Address:P.O. Box 43,

5100 AA DONGEN, The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 162 312387Telefax: + 31 162 370258E-mail: hawedobv@wxs.nlInternet: http://www.hawedo.com

Houweling International BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Veilingweg 1,

2651 BE BERKEL EN RODENRIJS,The Netherlands

Telephone: + 31 10 511 8555Telefax: + 31 10 511 8610E-mail: h-groep@houweling.nlInternet: http://www.houweling.nl

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HS Safety & Systems Trader in workwear and PPEAddress: Burg. Schalijlaan 44,

2908 LS CAPELLE a/d IJSSEL,The Netherlands

Postal Address:P.O. Box 198,2900 AD CAPELLE a/d IJSSEL,The Netherlands

Telephone: + 31 10 450 3666Telefax: + 31 10 458 8730

Hutter Veiligheid BV Trader in workwear and PPEAddress: Kruisweg 763,

2132 NG HOOFDDORP, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Kruisweg 763,

2132 NG HOOFDDORP, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 20 653 3400Telefax: + 31 20 653 3413E-mail: info@hutter.nlInternet: http://www.hutter.nl

Interlloyd Bedrijfskleding BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Schimminck 5,

5301 KR ZALTBOMMEL, The Netherlands Postal Address:P.O. Box 2064,

5300 CB ZALTBOMMEL, The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 418 515 500Telefax: + 31 418 515 561Internet: http://www.interlloydbv.nl

JOMO BVTrader in workwear Address: Twekkeler Es 30,

7547 SM ENSCHEDE, The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 53 487 7511Telefax: + 31 53 487 7515

Majestic BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Marconiweg 16,

3225 LV HELLEVOETSLUIS,The Netherlands

Postal Address:Marconiweg 16,3225 LV HELLEVOETSLUIS,The Netherlands

Telephone: + 31 181 395 600Telefax: + 31 181 314 777

Mauritz & Zonen BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Brinklaan 2,

1404 ES BUSSUM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 112,

1400 AC BUSSUM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 35 694 3914Telefax: + 31 35 694 3390

Polichlo Holland BVTrader in workwear and protective clothingAddress: Osloweg 136,

9723 BX GRONINGEN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 5120,

9700 GC GRONINGEN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 50 541 2888Telefax: + 31 50 541 5171E-mail: info@polichlo.nlInternet: http://www.polichlo.nl

Prevent BG & S BVManufacturer of and trader in protective glovesAddress: Industrieweg 6 d,

4104 AR CULEMBORG, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Industrieweg 6 d,

4104 AR CULEMBORG, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 345 533 555Telefax: + 31 345 533 777

PWG Benelux BV Trader in workwear and PPEAddress: Albert Plesmanlan 35,

4462 GC GOES, The Netherlands Postal Address:Albert Plesmanlan 35,

4462 GC GOES, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 113 213440 Telefax: + 31 113

Rehamij Nederland BVTrader in protective gloves and workwearAddress: Ambachtstraat 10,

2861 EX BERGAMBACHT, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 90,

2860 AB BERGAMBACHT, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 182 353 841Telefax: + 31 182 352 562

RevalonTrader in workwear and protective clothingAddress: Boschstraat 50,

4811 GJ BREDA, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Boschstraat 50,

4811 GJ BREDA, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 76 521 3384Telefax: + 31 76 514 5881

Safety Line BVTrader in safety footwearAddress: Haarsteegsestraat 31,

5254 JN HAARSTEEG, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Haarsteegsestraat 31,

5254 JN HAARSTEEG, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 73 511 8185Telefax: + 31 73 511 5342

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TMC Business Fashion Trader in workwear and protective clothingAddress: De Ketting 10 b,

5261 LJ VUGHT, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 2212,

5260 CE VUGHT, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 73 656 0999Telefax: + 31 73 656 5698E-mail: info@tmc-businessfashion.nlInternet: http://www.tmc-businessfashion.nl

Trynes, P.J. BV Trader in workwear and PPEAddress: P. Calandweg 50,

6827 BK ARNHEM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 2078,

6802 CB ARNHEM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 26 361 5261Telefax: + 31 26 361 4991

Unique Handelsonderneming BVTrader in PPEAddress: Koningstraat 2,

2411 CM BODEGRAVEN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 276,

2410 AG BODEGRAVEN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 172 616 273Telefax: + 31 172 650 506

Van Veen Textiel BV Trader in workwearAddress: Zwanebloem 35,

2411 MP BODEGRAVEN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 33,

2410 AA BODEGRAVEN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 172 619 251Telefax: + 31 172 612 631

Vandeputte Safety BV Trader in workwear and PPEAddress: Karolusstraat 14 a,

4903 RJ OOSTERHOUT, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 33,

4900 AA OOSTERHOUT, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 162 486470Telefax: + 31 162 427050

Vlamboog BVTrader in products for electric arc weldingAddress: Wijkermeerstraat 15,

2131 HB HOOFDDORP, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 298,

2130 AG HOOFDDORP, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 23 567 5500Telefax: + 31 23 565 1609E-mail: info@vlamboog.nlInternet: http://www.vlamboog.nl

Van Walsem BVTrader in safety footwearAddress: Binnenronde 7,

3904 EK VEENENDAAL, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Binnenronde 7,

3904 EK VEENENDAAL, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 318 517 257Telefax: + 31 318 540 737Internet: http://www.vanwalsembv.nl

Wessels BV Trader in workwear Address: Herenstraat 24,

3985 RV WERKHOVEN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Herenstraat 24,

3985 RV WERKHOVEN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 343 551 987Telefax: + 31 343 551 618

Van Wijngaarden Veilig Goed BV Trader in workwear and PPEAddress: Trapezium 400,

3364 DL SLIEDRECHT, The Netherlands Postal Address:P.O. Box 50,

3360 AB SLIEDRECHT, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 184 434 455Telefax: + 31 184 434 459 E-mail: info@veiliggoed.nlInternet: http://www.veiliggoed.nl

W.G. van der Zanden BVTrader in workwear and PPEAddress: Van Vollenhovenstraat 15b,

3016 BE ROTTERDAM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Van Vollenhovenstraat 15b,

3016 BE ROTTERDAM, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 10 4365033Telefax: + 31 10 4361389

Zeeland Industrial Stores BV Trader in workwear and PPEAddress: Mr. F.J. Haarmanweg 75,

4538 AN TERNEUZEN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 175,

4530 AD TERNEUZEN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 115 697171Telefax: + 31 115 697161Internet: http://www.zeeland-supply.nl

RENTAL LAUNDRIESBerendsen Textiel Service BVAddress: Pieter Calandweg 2,

6827 BK ARNHEM, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 5004,

6802 EA ARNHEM, The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 26 384 8140Telefax: + 31 26 384 8147Internet: http://www.berendsen.nl

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Blycolin-Groep Address: Van Heemstraweg Oost 4,

ZALTBOMMEL, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 288,

5300 AG ZALTBOMMEL, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 418 541 800Telefax: + 31 418 541 850E-mail: office@blycolin.nlInternet: http://www.blycolin.nlRemarks: specialised in horeca

Rentex Nederland BVAddress: Diedenweg 94 A,

6717 KV EDE, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 318 622 484 Telefax: + 31 318 630 444E-mail: info@rentex.nlInternet: http://www.rentex.nl

Initial/Hokatex BVAddress: Westeinde 50,

2275 AE VOORBURG, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Westeinde 50,

2275 AE VOORBURG, The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 70 357 6357 Telefax: + 31 70 387 4001E-mail: info@initialhokatex.nlInternet: http://www.rentokilhokatex.nl

Vendrig-Groep BVAddress: Produktieweg 5,

3401 MG IJSSELSTEIN, The NetherlandsPostal Address:Produktieweg 5,

3401 MG IJSSELSTEIN, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 30 212 3000Telefax: + 31 30 688 1927E-mail: info@vendrig.nlInternet: http://www.vendrig.nl

Wilhelmina Textieldiensten BVAddress: Ringdijk 20,

5705 CT HELMOND, The NetherlandsPostal Address:P.O. Box 200,

5700 AE HELMOND, The NetherlandsTelephone: + 31 492 598 181 Telefax: + 31 492 526 105

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GERMANYBierbaum-Proenen GmbH & Co. KGAddress: Domstrasse 55-73,

D-50668 Koln, GermanyTelephone: + 49 221 1656-0 Telefax: + 49 221 1656-170E-mail: info@bierbaum-proenen.deInternet: http://www.bierbaum-proenen.de

Schubert Helme GmbHAddress: Rebenring 31,

D-38106 Braunschweig, GermanyPostal Address:P.O. Box 4438,

D-38034 Braunschweig, GermanyTelephone: + 49 531 380 050Telefax: + 49 531 380 052E-mail: info@schuberth.deInternet: http://www.schuberth.de

Uvex Arbeitsschutz GmbHAddress: Würzburger Strasse 181-189,

D-90766 Fürth, GermanyTelephone: + 49 30 301 7037Telefax: + 49 30 301 9687Internet: http://www.uvex.de

Dräger AGAddress: Revalstrasse 1,

D-23560 Lübeck, GermanyTelephone: + 49 45 1882 Telefax: + 49 45 188280 Internet: http://www.draeger.com

Delta Vertrieb GmbHAddress: Kipfbühlstrasse 14,

D-86830 Schwabmünchen, GermanyTelephone: + 49 82 32 4089Telefax: + 49 82 32 73637

Greenham Arbelts GmbHAddress: Faber Castell Strasse 29,

90522 Oberaschbach, GermanyTelephone: + 49 911 99693-0Telefax: + 49 911 99693-200E-mail: key.account@greenham.de

Gummi Mayer GmbHAddress: Im Justus 1,

D-78626 Landau Pfalz, GermanyTelephone: + 49 6341 6821Telefax: + 49 6341 6824

HB SchutzbekleidungAddress: P.O. Box 1242,

D-56502 Neuwied, Germany Telephone: + 49 2639 8309-50Telefax: + 49 2639 8309-94 E-mail: hb.schutzbekleidung@hb-online.de

Meier & Nussbeck GmbHAddress: Mühlheimerstrasse 5,

D-68219 Mannheim, Germany Telephone: + 49 62 1899 980Telefax: + 49 62 1899 981

Scheibler WorkwearAddress: Landshuter Strasse 173a,

94315 Straubing, Germany Telephone: + 49 9421 551 00Telefax: + 49 9421 551 055 E-mail: scheibler@wear-concept.de

Trebes & Henning GmbH &Co. KGAddress: Königing-Elizabeth-Strasse 47,

D-14059 Berlin, GermanyTelephone: + 49 30 301 7037Telefax: + 49 30 301 9687Internet: http://www.Trebes&Henning.de

Wilhelm Buchberger GmbHAddress: Am Rötloffel 1,

D-56337 Arzbach, GermanyTelephone: + 49 2603 8014/8015Telefax: + 49 2603 8017

BELGIUMVandeputte SAAddress: Binnensteenweg 160-172,

250 Boechout, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 3 460 0460Telefax: + 32 3 460 0333

Sioen IndustriesAddress: Fabriekstraat 23,

B-8850 Ardooie, BelgiumTelephone: + 32 51 740 800Telefax: + 32 51 740 962 E-mail: info@sioen.beInternet : http://www.sioen.be

APPENDIX 12 LIST OF PPE MANUFACTURERS/DISTRIBUTORS/WHOLESALERS IN OTHER EU COUNTRIES

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DENMARKKansas/Wenaas A/SAddress: Blangstedgaardsvej 66,

DK 5220 Odense SØ, DenmarkTelephone: + 45 6661 2200 Telefax: + 45 6661 2201 E-mail: info@kansaswenaas.comInternet : http://www.kansaswenaas.com

FRANCEFirotec Nord (Groupe RG)Address: 88/92 Rue du Dr. CalmettePostal Address:P.O. Box 13, 59374 Loos cedex, FranceTelephone: + 33 3 2010 3220Telefax: + 33 3 2050 4559E-mail: contact@fiprotec.comInternet: http://www.fiprotec.com

Delta PlusAddress: Z.I. la peyroliere, 84405 Apt Cedex, FrancePostal Address:P.O. Box 140, Cedex, FranceTelephone: + 33 4 907 420 33Telefax: + 33 4 907 432 59E-mail : information@deltaplus.frInternet: http://www.deltaplus.fr

France Securité Postal Address:P.O. Box 156, Brest Cedex, FranceTelephone: + 33 29 880 2535Telefax: + 33 29 846 7239

Bacou-Dalloz SAAddress: Z.I. Paris Nord II, 33 rue des Vanesses 95958

Roissy Cedex, FrancePostal Address:P.O. Box 50938, 95943 Roissy C.D.G. Cedex,

FranceTelephone: + 33 1 49 907979Telefax: + 33 1 49 907980Internet: http://www.bacou-dalloz.com

Molinel Address: Z.I. Paris Nord II, FrancePostal Address:P.O. Box 2 Frelinghien 59557 Comines

Cedex, FranceTelephone: + 33 3 2038 7000Telefax: + 33 3 2010 9821

ITALYAbitec SrLAddress: Via Giotto str.1, 39100 Bolanzo-Bozen, ItalyTelephone: + 39 471 934 901Telefax: + 39 471 934 908E-mail: abitec@tin.it

Brandschutz SrLAddress: Via Circonvallazione 27,

I-39057 Appiano Sulla Stradea del Vino (BZ)Italy

Telephone: + 39 471 664 144Telefax: + 39 471 664 122

Centro SicurezzaAddress: Via Rocca Tedalda, 27a 50136 Firenze, ItalyTelephone: + 39 55 650 4813Telefax: + 39 55 650 5511 E-mail: csicurez@tin.it

Industrial Starter SpAAddress: Via Lago D’Iseo 26,

I-36077 Altavilla Vicentina (VI), Italia Telephone: + 39 444 573 422Telefax: + 39 444 574 897 E-mail: info@ind-starter.comInternet: http://www.ind-starter.com

La Fenice SrLAddress: Via Garibaldi, 40 20012 Cuggiono (MI), ItalyTelephone: + 39 2 974 169Telefax: + 39 2 9724 1421

Odibi Export-ImportAddress: Via Sacille, I-33805 Maniago (PN), Italy Telephone: + 39 427 71813 Telefax: + 39 427 700211

Seba Protezioni SrLAddress: Via Farini 15a, I 14042 Cento (FE), ItalyTelephone: + 39 51 683 6807Telefax: + 39 51 683 0161

SFAP ArLAddress: Via al Quaro, Miglio 22, ItalyTelephone: + 39 6 718 0151Telefax: + 39 6 718 3885

UKAlexandra PlcAddress: Alexandra House, Thornbury Bristol,

Avon BS35 2NT, United KingdomTelephone: + 44 1454 416 600Telefax: + 44 1454 411 100E-mail: info@alexandra.co.ukInternet: http://www.alexandra.co.uk

Arco LtdPostal Address:P.O. Box 21, Hull HU1 2SJ, United Kingdom Telephone: + 44 1482 222 522Telefax: + 44 1482 218 536

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Corston Sinclair LtdAddress: 36, Glenburn Road, College Milton North,

East Kilbride, Glasgow G74 5BD United Kingdom

Telephone: + 44 1355 238 161 Telefax: + 44 1355 263 682

FarlaneAddress: Farlane House, Cromwell Street, Coventry,

CV6 5EY, United KingdomTelephone: + 44 1203 684 180Telefax: + 44 1203 637 234E-mail: info@farlane.co.uk

Flekta LtdAddress: Alpine House, Alpine street,

Nottingham NG6 0HS United KingdomTelephone: + 44 115 978 8900Telefax: + 44 115 978 9244

Greenham Trading LtdAddress: Greenham House 671, London Road

Isleworth, Middlesex TW7 4EX,United Kingdom

Telephone: + 44 181 560 1244Telefax: + 44 181 568 8423

J&N Safety and HygieneAddress: Unit 5 Manor Park Ind.Est., Station Rd,

South Totton, Southampton SO40 9HP United Kingdom

Telephone: + 44 2380 865 996Telefax: + 44 2380 861 891

Tunika Safety ProductsAddress: Tannery House, Nelson Street,

Bolton BL3 2JW United KingdomTelephone: + 44 1204 366 712Telefax: + 44 1204 366 714

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APPENDIX 13 USEFUL INTERNET SITES

The website of the EG Advice Centre http://www.egadvies.nlprovides consultancy, assistance and information tocompanies on doing business in the EU. For instance you cancontact the Centre for items like CEN standards, CE marking,packaging, labelling of products according to EU legislation;European safety and environment directives. Many bookmarksare mentioned on this site, like several institutions of the EU,databases, public procurement, standardisation, environmentetc.Other websites with general information about CE standards,notified bodies etc. for the EU are http://europa.eu.int/comm/ ,http://www.conformance.co.uk or http://gallery.uunet.be/esf/(home site of the ESF). Several notified bodies have websiteswith a lot of information, a good example being the site ofInspec in the UK http://www.inspec-cert.com/.The Netherlands Institute of Welding publishes the variouswelding standards for the industry on http://www.nil.nl

This survey includes a detailed list of addresses of majorbuyers in The Netherlands and a short list of buyers in otherEU countries including (if available) websites and E-mailaddresses. More information and more addresses can be foundon several websites, such as the following trade directorieswhich are freely available, covering various Europeancountries, in different languages:Kompass: http://www.kompass.nl; ABC of trade andindustry: http://www.abc-d.nl; Europages:http://www.europages.com. The extended catalogue ofparticipants from many countries in the latest A + A fair inGermany can be consulted on http://www.messe-duesseldorf.deThe website http://industrialrent.com gives you a detailedlist of addresses of textiles, workwear and protective clothinglease companies in several countries and in several languages.Textil Wirtschaft, a leading German trade magazine, givesaddresses of about 100 German manufacturers/distributors inworkwear and PPE on http://www.Twnetwork.de.

Internationally operating consultants, research institutes etc.publish several surveys or excerpts from recent publicationsconcerning workwear, protective clothing, technical textilesetc. on Internet like on http://www.keynote.co.uk;http://www.davidrigbyassociates.com andhttp://www.kurtsalmon.com

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CBI puts you in touch with the markets of Europe

CBI, the Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countries, is an agencyof the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since its establishment in 1971, CBIoperates within the policy framework set by the Minister for Development Co-operation.Its mission is to contribute to the economic independence of developing countries.To fulfil this mission, CBI aims at strengthening the competitiveness of companies inthose countries on international markets, primarily the West-European market, byimproving conditions in enterprises and business support organisations. CBI considerssocial values and compliance with the most relevant environmental requirements to bean integral part of its policy and activities

CBI offers various programmes and services to its target groups:

Market information – CBI News Bulletin (6 times annually);– CBI guide “Exporting to the European Union”;– Market surveys and strategic marketing guides covering the EU including

The Netherlands;– Quick scans on environmental, social and health issues;– Manuals on subjects such as technical and environmental regulations, trade fair

participation, Fashion Forecast etc.;– CBI’s extensive Web site at www.cbi.nl providing general information about CBI,

details about CBI programmes, CBI publications (downloadable free-of-charge)and the GreenBuss database on European trade-related environmental policy andtechnology;

– CBI’ s Trade Documentation Centre offering supply-related information to importers,such as exporters’ directories, country and sector information, periodicals fromdeveloping countries, and - to visiting exporters - demand-related information such asmarket information, trade magazines, address books of European companies etc.

Matching servicesCBI’s computerized exporters’ and importers’ databases, containing around3,500 regularly updated company profiles, are instrumental in providing buyersand suppliers with relevant company data on potential trade partners.

Export promotion programmes (EPP)Step-by-step approach providing intensive assistance to selected exporters in developingcountries in order to obtain a firm and lasting position on the EU market. Made tomeasure, demand- driven and flexibility are combined with fixed elements such as:– pre-selection of candidates based on written documentation;– technical assistance during company visits and distance guidance by CBI branch

experts;– export marketing training (for instance through the EXPRO seminars);– market entry (for instance via participation in European trade fairs);– market consolidation by way of follow-up support, further technical assistance

and/or repeat market entry activities.

Human resources development– BSO MARKET INTEL: five-day seminar in Rotterdam for relevant

middle management staff of BSO’s, aiming at supporting BSO’s inestablishing or improving a Market Information Service (MIS);

– CAPITA: two-week seminar in Rotterdam for specific industry &trade associations. Aims to provide –through their associations-specific industries or sectors in developing countries with tools toengage in business relations with importers and/or manufacturersin the EU;

– BSO-FAME: two-week seminar in Rotterdam for project managersof BSOs focusing on practical knowledge and applicable tools inexport promotion to international markets in general and theEuropean market in particular;

– IntFair: two-week seminar in Rotterdam for BSO staff members onthe organization of collective participation in European trade fairs;

– Expro: seven-day seminar in Rotterdam on export marketing andmanagement for selected exporters participating in a CBI exportpromotion programme;

– Workshops in developing countries: 2-4 days for BSOs and/orexporters, focussing on general export marketing andmanagement, a specific product sector or on specific subjects.

Multilateral co-operationCBI co-operates with the International Trade Centre (ITC/WTO) toglobalize trade promotion and with other European import promotionorganizations to increase efficiency and effectiveness by combiningefforts.

Please write to us in English, the working language of the CBI.

Centre for the Promotion of Imports from developing countriesCentrum tot Bevordering van de Import uit de ontwikkelingslanden

Mailing address:CBIP.O. Box 300093001 DA RotterdamPhone +31 (0) 10 201 34 34Fax +31 (0) 10 411 40 81E-mail cbi@cbi.nlInternet www.cbi.nl

Office and showroom:WTC-Beursbuilding, 5th Floor37 Beursplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

No part of this publication may be sold, reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of CBI

Mailing address: P.O. Box 30009, 3001 DA Rotterdam, The NetherlandsPhone: +31 10 201 34 34 Fax: +31 10 411 40 81E-mail: cbi@cbi.nl Internet: http://www.cbi.nl

Office and showroom: WTC-Beursbuilding, 5th floor37 Beursplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

CENTRE FOR THE PROMOTION OF IMPORTS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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