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tc lsD'ku vkfI + kQlj okbZ-Mh- (;'kksèkj) iar us vkf[kjh I + kQkby dk yky iQhrk ck¡èkdj fuxkg es”k ls mBkbZ rc nÝ + rj dh iqjkuh nhokj ?kM+h ik¡p ctdj iPphl feuV ctk jgh FkhA mudh viuh dykbZ ?kM+h esa lk<+s ik¡p ct jgs FksA iarth viuh ?kM+h jks”kkuk lqcg&'kke jsfM;ks lekpkjksa ls feykrs gSa blfy, mUgksaus nÝ + rj dh ?kM+h dks gh lqLr Bgjk;kA I + kQkby vkmV Vªs esa Mkydj mUgksaus ,d fuxkg vius ekrgrksa ij Mkyh tks muosQ gh dkj.k ik¡p cts osQ ckn Hkh nÝ + rj esa cSBus dks etcwj gksrs gSaA pyrs&pyrs twfu;jksa ls dksbZ euksjatd ckr dj fnu Hkj osQ 'kq"d O;ogkj dk fujkdj.k dj tkus dh Ñ".kkuan (fd'kunk) ikaMs ls feyh gqbZ ijaijk dk ikyu djrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ¶vki yksxksa dh ns[kkns[kh lsD'ku dh ?kM+h Hkh lqLr gks xbZ gS!¸ flYoj o S fM a x euksgj ';ke tks'kh 1 2019-20

euksgj ';ke tks'kh flYoj oSfMax - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/lhvt101.pdf · lkS jQi;s ges'kk j[krs gSa Hkys gh mudk nSfud [kpZ ux.; gSA vkSj rks vkSj] cl&fVdV dk [kpZ Hkh

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tc lsD'ku vkfI+kQlj okbZ-Mh- (;'kksèkj)iar us vkf[kjh I+kQkby dk yky iQhrk ck¡èkdj fuxkg es”k ls mBkbZ rc nÝ+ rj dh iqjkuhnhokj ?kM+h ik¡p ctdj iPphl feuV ctk jgh FkhA mudh viuh dykbZ ?kM+h esa lk<+sik¡p ct jgs FksA iarth viuh ?kM+h jks”kkuk lqcg&'kke jsfM;ks lekpkjksa ls feykrs gSa blfy,mUgksaus nÝ+ rj dh ?kM+h dks gh lqLr Bgjk;kA I+kQkby vkmV Vªs esa Mkydj mUgksaus ,d fuxkg

vius ekrgrksa ij Mkyh tksmuosQ gh dkj.k ik¡p cts osQckn Hkh nÝ+ rj esa cSBus dksetcwj gksrs gSaA pyrs&pyrstwfu;jksa ls dksbZ euksjatd ckrdj fnu Hkj osQ 'kq"d O;ogkjdk fujkdj.k dj tkus dhÑ".kkuan (fd'kunk) ikaMs lsfeyh gqbZ ijaijk dk ikyudjrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ¶vkiyksxksa dh ns[kkns[kh lsD'ku dh?kM+h Hkh lqLr gks xbZ gS!¸

flYoj oSfMax

euksgj ';ke tks'kh

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lhèks ^vflLVsaV xzsM* esa vk, u, Nksdjs pbk us] ftldh pkSM+h eksgjhokyh irywu vkSjm¡Qph ,M+h okys twrs iarth dks] ^le gkm baçkij* ekywe gksrs gSa] FkksM+h cnreh”kh&lh dhA^,st ;wtqvy* cksyk] ¶cM+s ckÅ] vkidh viuh pwusnkuh dk D;k gky gS\ oDr lghnsrh gS\¸

iarth us pbk dh èk"Vrk dks vuns[kk fd;k vkSj dgk] ¶fefuV&Vw&fefuV djsDV pyrh gSA¸

pbk us oqQN vkSj èk`"V gksdj iarth dh dykbZ Fkke yhA bl rjg dh èk`"Vrk dk çdVfojksèk djuk ;'kksèkj ckcw us NksM+ fn;k gSA eu&gh&eu og ml ”kekus dh ;kn ”k:j djrsgSa tc nÝ+rj esa og fd'kunk dks HkkbZ ugha ^lkgc* dgrs vkSj le>rs FksA ?kM+h dh vksjns[kdj og cksyk] ¶ckck vkne osQ ”kekus dh gS cM+s ckÅ ;g rks! vc rks fMftVy ysyks ,d tkikuhA lLrh fey tkrh gSA¸

¶;g ?kM+h eq>s 'kknh esa feyh FkhA ge iqjkuh pky osQ] gekjh ?kM+h iqjkuh pky dhA vjs;gh cgqr gS fd vc rd ^jkbZV VkbZe* py jgh gSµD;ksa oSQlh jgh\¸

bl rjg dk ugys ij ngyk tokc nsrs gq, ,d gkFk vkxs c<+k nsus dh ijaijk Fkh] jsEtsLowQy] vYeksM+k esa tgk¡ ls dHkh ;'kksèkj ckcw us eSfVªd dh ijh{kk ikl dh FkhA bl rjgosQ vkxs c<+s gq, gkFk ij lquus okyk crkSj nkn viuk gkFk ekjk djrk Fkk vkSj oDrk&Jksrknksuksa BBkdj gkFk feyk;k djrs FksA ,slh gh ijaijk fd'kunk osQ DokVZj esa Hkh Fkh tgk¡jks”kh&jksVh dh ryk'k esa vk, ;'kksèkj iar uked ,d eSfVªd ikl ckyd dks 'kj.k feyhFkh dHkhA fd'kunk oq¡Qvkjs Fks vkSj igkM+ ls vk, gq, fdrus gh yM+osQ Bhd&fBdkuk gksusls igys muosQ ;gk¡ jg tkrs FksA eSl tSlh FkhA feydj ykvks] idkvks] [kkvksA ;'kksèkj ckcwftl le; fnYyh vk, Fks mudh mez ljdkjh ukSdjh osQ fy, de FkhA dksf'k'k djus ijHkh ^ckW; lfoZl* esa og ugha yxk, tk losQA rc fd'kunk us mUgsa eSl dk jlksb;k cukdjj[k fy;kA ;gh ugha] mUgksaus ;'kksèkj dks ipkl jQi;s mèkkj Hkh fn, fd og vius fy,diM+s cuok losQ vkSj xk¡o iSlk Hkst losQA ckn esa bUgha fd'kunk us vius gh uhps ukSdjhfnyokbZ vkSj nÝ+rjh thou esa ekxZ&n'kZu fd;kA

pbk us ”kksj ls dgk] ¶cM+s ckÅ] vki fdu [k;kyksa esa [kks x,\ esuu iwN jgk gS fdvkidh 'kknh gqbZ dc Fkh\¸

;'kksèkj ckcw us ldidkdj viuk c<+k gqvk gkFk okil [khapk vkSj esuu ls eq[kkfrcgksdj cksys] ¶uko ySV eh lh] vkbZ okW”k eSfjM vkWu flDLFk I+kQjojh ukbafVu I+kQksVhZ lsouA¸

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esuu us I+kQkSju fglkc yxk;k vkSj pgddj cksyk] ¶eSuh gSIihfjVu~Zl vkI+kQ n Ms lj! vkt rks vkidk ^flYoj oS Mx* gSA 'kknhdks iwjk iPphl lky gks x;kA¸

;'kksèkj th [kq'k gksrs gq, >sais vkSj >sairs gq, [kq'k gq,A ;g vnkmUgkasus fd'kunk ls lh[kh FkhA

pbk us ?kaVh ctkdj pijklh dks cqyk;k vkSj dgk] ¶lqu HkbZHkxokunkl] cM+s ckÅ ls cM+k uksV ys vkSj lkjs lsD'ku osQ fy,pk&ikuh dk bar”kke dj iQVkiQVA¸

;'kksèkj th cksys] ¶vjs ;s ^oS Mx ,fuolZjh* oxSjg lc xksjslkgcksa osQ pksapys gSaµgekjs ;gk¡ FkksM+h ekurs gSaA¸

pbk cksyk] ¶feDpj er fiykb, xqjQnsoA pk;&e_h&yaw cl brukgh rks lkSnk gSA buesa dkSu vkidh cM+h ek;k fudyh tkuh gSA¸

;'kksèkj ckcw us tsc ls cVqvk vkSj cVq, esa ls nl dk uksVfudkyk vkSj dgk] ¶vki yksx pk; ihft,] ^nSV* rks ^vkbZ MwukV ekbaM*] ysfdu tks gekjs yksxksa esa ^dLVe* ugha gS] ml ij^buflLV* djuk] ^nSV* eSa ^legkm baçkWij I+kQkbaM* djrk gw¡A¸

pbk us nl dk uksV pijklh dks fn;k vkSj iqu% cM+s ckÅ osQvkxs gkFk IkSQyk fn;k fd ,d uksV ls lsD'ku dk D;k curk gS\jQi;s rhl gksa rks pqXxs Hkj dk tqxkM+ djk losaQA

lkjk lsD'ku tkurk gS fd ;'kksèkj ckcw vius cVq, esa lkS&Ms<+lkS jQi;s ges'kk j[krs gSa Hkys gh mudk nSfud [kpZ ux.; gSAvkSj rks vkSj] cl&fVdV dk [kpZ Hkh ughaA xksy ekosZQV ls^lsozsQfVª,V* rd igys lkbfdy esa vkrs&tkrs Fks] bèkj iSnyvkus&tkus yxs gSa D;ksafd muosQ cPps vkèkqfud ;qok gks pys gSavkSj mUgsa vius firk dk lkbfdy&lokj gksuk l[r ukxokjxq”kjrk gSA cPpksa osQ vuqlkj lkbfdy rks pijklh pykrs gSaA cPpspkgrs gSa fd firkth LowQVj ys ysaA ysfdu firkth dks ^legkm*LowQVj fugk;r csgwnk lokjh ekywe gksrh gS vkSj dkj tc^vI+kQksMZ* dh ugha tk ldrh rc mldh ckr lkspuk gh D;ksa\

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pbk osQ ”kksj nsus ij cM+s ckÅ us nl&nl osQ uksV nks vkSj ns fn, ysfdu lkjs lsD'ku osQbljkj djus ij Hkh og viuh ^flYoj oSfMax* dh bl nkor osQ fy, jQosQ ughaA ekrgryksxksa ls pyrs&pykrs FkksM+k g¡lh&e”kkd dj ysuk fd'kunk dh ijaijk esa gSA muosQ lkFkcSBdj pk;&ikuh vkSj xIi&xIik"Vd esa oDr cjckn djuk ml ijaijk osQ fojQ¼ gSA

bèkj ;'kksèkj ckcw us nÝ+ rj ls ykSVrs gq, jks”k fcM+yk eafnj tkus vkSj mlosQ m|ku esacSBdj dksbZ çopu lquus vFkok Lo;a gh çHkq dk è;ku yxkus dh u;h jhr viukbZ gSA

;g ckr muosQ iRuh&cPpksa dks cgqr v[kjrh gSA cCck] vki dksbZ cqb s FkksM+h gSa tksjks”k&jks”k eafnj tk,¡] brus ”;knk ozr djsaµ,slk dgrs gSa osA ;'kksèkj ckcw bl vkykspuk dksvulquk dj nsrs gSaA fl¼kar osQ èkuh dh] fd'kunk osQ vuqlkj] ;gh fu'kkuh gS!

fcM+yk eafnj ls mBdj ;'kksèkj ckcw igkM+xat tkrs gSa vkSj ?kj osQ fy, lkx&lC”kh[kjhn ykrs gSaA fdlh ls feyuk&feykuk gks rks og Hkh blh le; dj ysrs gSaA rks Hkys ghnÝ+ rj ik¡p cts NwVrk gks og ?kj vkB cts ls igys ugha igq¡prsA

vkt fcM+yk eafnj tkrs gq, ;'kksèkj ckcw dh fuxkg ml vgkrs ij iM+h ftlesa dHkhfd'kunk dk rhu cSM:e okyk DokVZj gqvk djrk Fkk vkSj ftl ij bu fnuksa ,d Ngeaf”kyk bekjr cukbZ tk jgh gSA bèkj ls xq”kjrs gq, dHkh osQ ^Mh-vkbZ-tSM-* ,fj;k dhcnyrh 'kDy ns[kdj ;'kksèkj ckcw dks cqjk&lk yxrk gSA ;s yksx lkjk xksy ekosZQV {ks=krksM+dj ;gk¡ ,d eaf”kyk DokVZjksa dh txg m¡Qph bekjrsa cuk jgs gSaA ;'kksèkj ckcw dks irkugha fd os yksx Bhd dj jgs gSa fd xyr dj jgs gSaA mUgsa ;g ”k:j irk gS fd mudh;knksa osQ xksy ekosZQV osQ <gk, tkus dk xe eukus osQ fy, mudk bl {ks=k esa MVs jgukfugk;r ”k:jh gSA mUgsa ,aMª;w”kxat] y{ehckbZ uxj] iaMkjk jksM vkfn u;h cfLr;ksa esa indh xfjek osQ vuq:i Mh&2 Vkbi DokVZj feyus dh vPNh [kcj dbZ ckj vkbZ gS exjgj ckj mUgksaus xksy ekosZQV NksM+us ls badkj dj fn;k gSA tc mudk DokVZj VwVus dk uacjvk;k rc Hkh mUgksaus blh {ks=k dh bu cfLr;ksa esa cps gq, DokVZjksa esa ,d vius uke vykVdjk fy;kA iRuh osQ ;g iwNus ij fd tc ;g Hkh VwV tk,xk rc D;k djksxs\ mUgksausdgkµ rc dh rc ns[kh tk,xhA dgk vkSj mlh rjg eqLkoqQjk, ftl rjg fd'kunk ;ghfI+kQdjk dg dj eqLkoqQjkrs FksA

lp rks ;g gS fd fiNys dbZ o"kks± ls ;'kksèkj ckcw dk viuh iRuh vkSj cPpksa ls gjNksVh&cM+h ckr esa erHksn gksus yxk gS vkSj blh otg ls og ?kj tYnh ykSVuk ilan ughadjrsA tc rd cPps NksVs Fks rc rd og mudh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ esa enn dj ldrs FksA

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vc cM+k yM+dk ,d çeq[k foKkiu laLFkk esa ukSdjh ik x;k gSA;|fi legkm* ;'kksèkj ckcw dks vius lkèkkj.k iq=k dks vlkèkkj.kosru nsus okyh ;g ukSdjh oqQN le> esa vkrh ughaA

og dgrs gSa fd Ms<+ g”kkj jQi;k rks gesa vc fjVk;jesaV osQikl igq¡p dj feyk gS] 'kq: esa gh Ms<+ g”kkj jQi;k nsus okyh blukSdjh esa ”k:j oqQN isap gksxkA ;'kksèkj th dk nwljk csVk nwljhckj vkbZ-,-,l- nsus dh rS;kjh dj jgk gS vkSj ;'kksèkj ckcw osQfy, ;g le> lduk vlaHko gS fd tc ;g fiNys lky^,ykbM lfoZls”k* dh lwph esa] ekuk dkI+kQh uhps vk x;k Fkk] rcblus ^Tokbu* djus ls badkj D;ksa dj fn;k\ mudk rhljk csVkLdkyjf'ki ysdj vejhdk pyk x;k gS vkSj mudh ,dek=k csVhu osQoy reke çLrkfor oj vLohdkj djrh pyh tk jgh gScfYd MkDVjh dh mPpre f'k{kk osQ fy, Lo;a Hkh vejhdk pystkus dh èkedh ns jgh gSA ;'kksèkj ckcw tgk¡ cPpksa dh bl rjDdhls [kq'k gksrs gSa ogk¡ ^legkm* ;g Hkh vuqHko djrs gSa fd og[kq'kgkyh Hkh oSQlh tks viuksa esa ijk;kiu iSnk djsA vius cPpksa}kjk xjhc fj'rsnkjksa dh mis{kk mUgsa ^legkm* t¡prh ughaA^,uhosµ tsujs'kuksa esa xSi rks gksrk gh gS lquk*µ,slk dgdj Lo;adks fnyklk nsrk gS firkA

;|fi ;'kksèkj ckcw dh iRuh vius ewy laLdkjksa ls fdlh Hkhrjg vkèkqfud ugha gS rFkkfi cPpksa dh rjI+kQnkjh djus dhekr`lqyHk etcwjh us mUgsa Hkh ekWM cuk Mkyk gSA oqQN ;g Hkh gSfd ftl le; mudh 'kknh gqbZ Fkh ;'kksèkj ckcw osQ lkFk xk¡o lsvk, rkÅth vkSj muosQ nks fookfgr cssVs Hkh jgk djrs FksA blla;qDr ifjokj esa ihNs gh ihNs cgqvksa esa x”kc osQ ruko Fks ysfdurkÅth osQ Mj ls dksbZ oqQN dg ugha ikrk FkkA ;'kksèkj ckcw dhiRuh dks f'kdk;r gS fd la;qDr ifjokj okys ml nkSj esa ifr usgekjk i{k dHkh ugha fy;k] cl ftBkfu;ksa dh pyus nhA mudk;g Hkh dguk gS fd eq>s vkpkj&O;ogkj osQ ,sls caèkuksa esa j[kkx;k ekuks eSa toku vkSjr ugha] cqf<+;k FkhA ftrus Hkh fu;e budh

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cqf<+;k rkbZ osQ fy, Fks] os lc eq> ij Hkh ykxw djok,µ,slk dgrh gS ?kjokyh cPpksa lsAcPps mlls lgkuqHkwfr O;Dr djrs gSaA fiQj og ;'kksèkj th ls mUeq[k gksdj dgrhgSµrqEgkjh ;s ckck vkne osQ ”kekus dh ckrsa esjs cPps ugha ekurs rks blesa mudk dksbZdlwj ughaA eSa Hkh bu ckrksa dks mlh gn rd ekuw¡xh ftl gn rd lqHkhrk gksA vc esjsdgus ls og lc <ksax&<dkslyk gks ugha ldrkµlkI+kQ ckrA

èkeZ&deZ] oqQy&ijaijk lcdks <ksax&<dkslyk dgdj ?kjokyh vkèkqfudkvksa&lk vkpj.kdjrh gS rks ;'kksèkj ckcw ^'kku;y cqf<+;k*] ^pVkbZ dk y¡gxk* ;k ^cw<+h eq¡g eq¡gkls] yksxdjsa rekls* dgdj mlosQ fonzksg dks e”kkd esa mM+k nsuk pkgrs gSa] vuns[kk dj nsuk pkgrsgSa ysfdu ;g Lohdkj djus dks ckè; Hkh gks tkrs gSa fd rek'kk Lo;a mudk cu jgk gSA

ftl txg fd'kunk dk DokVZj Fkk mlosQ lkeus [kM+s gksdj ,d xgjk fu%'okl NksM+rsgq, ;'kksèkj th us vius ls iwNk fd D;k ;g ^cSVj* ugha jgrk fd fd'kunk dh rjg]?kj&x`gLFkh dk coky gh u ikyk gksrk vkSj ^ykbI+kQ* dE;wfuVh osQ fy, ^MsMhosQV* dj nhgksrhA

fiQj mudk è;ku bl vksj x;k fd cky&trh fd'kunk dk cq<+kik lq[kh ugha jgkA mlosQreke lkfFk;ksa us gkS”k[kkl] xzhuikoZQ] oSQyk'k dgha&u&dgha ”kehu yh] edku cuok;k]ysfdu mlus dHkh bl vksj è;ku gh ugha fn;kA fjVk;j gksus osQ Ng eghus ckn tc mlsDokVZj [kkyh djuk iM+k rc] gn gks xbZ] mlosQ }kjk miÑr brus lkjs yksxksa esa ls ,dus Hkh mls vius ;gk¡ j[kus dh is'kd'k ugha dhA Lo;a ;'kksèkj ckcw mlosQ lkeus ,slk dksbZçLrko ugha j[k ik, D;ksafd ml le; rd mudh 'kknh gks pqdh Fkh vkSj muosQ nks dejksaosQ DokVZj esa rhu ifjokj jgk djrs FksA fd'kunk oqQN lky jktsanz uxj esa fdjk, dk DokVZjysdj jgk vkSj fiQj vius xk¡o ykSV x;k tgk¡ lky Hkj ckn mldh e`R;q gks xbZA ”;knkisa'ku [kk ugha ldk cspkjk! fofp=k ckr ;g gS fd mls dksbZ Hkh chekjh ugha gqbZA clfjVk;j gksus osQ ckn eqj>krk&lw[krk gh pyk x;kA tc mlosQ ,d fcjknj ls e`R;q dkdkj.k iwNk rc mlus ;'kksèkj ckcw dks ;gh tokc fn;k] ¶tks gqvk gksxkA¸ ;kuh ^irk ugha]D;k gqvkA*

ftu yksxksa osQ cky&cPps ugha gksrs] ?kj ifjokj ugha gksrk mudh fjVk;j gksus osQ ckn^tks gqvk gksxk* ls Hkh ekSr gks tkrh gSµ ;g tkurs gSa ;'kksèkj th! cPpksa dk gksuk Hkh ”k:jhgSA ;g lgh gS fd ;'kksèkj th osQ cPps euekuh dj jgs gSa vkSj ,slk laosQr ns jgs gSa fdmuosQ dkj.k ;'kksèkj th dks cq<++kis esa dksbZ fo'ks"k lq[k izkIr ugha gksxk ysfdu ;'kks/j th

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vius e;kZnk iqjQ"k fd'kunk ls lquh gqbZ ;g ckr ugha Hkwys gSa fdxèkk&iphlh esa dksbZ D;k djrk gS bldh fpark ugha djuh pkfg,D;ksafd ckn esa gj vkneh le>nkj gks tkrk gSA ;|fi ;qok;'kksèkj dks fo'okl ugha gksrk rFkkfi fd'kunk crkrs gSa fd fdlrjg eSaus tokuh esa ipklksa fdLe dh [kqjkI+kQkr dh gSA ddM+hpqjkuk] xnZu eksM+ osQ eqxhZ ekj nsuk] ihNs dh f[kM+dh ls owQn djlsosaQM 'kks flusek ns[k vkukµdkSu dje ,slk gS tks rqEgkjs blfd'kunk us ugha dj j[kkA

f”kEesnkjh lj ij iM+sxh rc lc vius gh vki Bhd gks tk,¡xs];g Hkh fd'kunk ls fojklr esa feyk gqvk ,d fI+kQdjk gS ftls;'kksèkj ckcw vdlj vius cPpksa osQ çlax esa nksgjkrs gSaaA mUgsadHkh&dHkh yxrk gS fd vxj esjs firk rc ugha xq”kj x, gksrstc eSa eSfVªd esa Fkk rks 'kk;n eSa Hkh xèkk&iphlh osQ yacs nkSj lsxq”kjrkA f”kEesnkjh lj ij tYnh iM+ xbZ rks tYnh gh f”kEesnkjvkneh Hkh cu x;kA tc rd cki gS rc rd ekSt dj ysA ;gckr ;'kksèkj th dHkh&dHkh raf”k;k1 dgrs gSSaaSA ysfdu dgrs gq, muosQpsgjs ij tks eqLkdku [ksy tkrh gS og cPpksa ij ;g çdV djrh gSfd cki dks mudk lukFk gksuk] xSj&f”kEesnkj gksuk] oqQy feykdjvPNk yxrk gSA

;'kksèkj ckcw dHkh&dHkh eu gh eu Lohdkj djrs gSa fdnqfu;knkjh esa choh&cPps muosQ vfèkd lqy>s gq, gks ldrs gSaysfdu nks osQ pkj djus okyh nqfu;k gh mUgsa dgk¡ ea”kwj gS tksmldh jhr ea”kwj djsaA nqfu;knkjh osQ fglkc ls cPpksa dk ;gdguk lgh gks ldrk gS fd cCck us Mh-Mh-,- Ý+ ySV osQ fy, iSlku Hkj osQ Hk;adj Hkwy dh gS foaQrq ^legkm* ;'kksèkj ckcw dksfd'kunk dh ;g mfDr vc Hkh t¡prh gSµewj[k yksx edku cukrsgSa] l;kus muesa jgrs gSaA tc rd ljdkjh ukSdjh rc rd ljdkjhDokVZjA fjVk;j gksus ij xk¡o dk iq'rSuh ?kjA cl!

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forku

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xk¡o dk iq'rSuh ?kj VwV&iwQV pqdk gS vkSj ml ij brus yksxksa dk gd gS fd ogk¡ tkdjcluk] ejEer dh f”kEesnkjh vks<+uk vkSj csdkj osQ >xM+s eksy ysuk gksxkµbl ckr dks;'kksèkj th vPNh rjg le>rs gSaA cPps cgl eas tc ;g roZQ nksgjkrs gSa rc muls dksbZtokc nsrs ugha curkA mUgksaus ges'kk ;gh dYiuk dh Fkh vkSj vkt Hkh djrs gSa] fd mudkdksbZ yM+dk fjVk;j gksus ls igys ljdkjh ukSdjh esa vk tk,xk vkSj DokVZj muosQ ifjokjosQ ikl cuk jg losQxkA vc Hkh iRuh }kjk Hkfo"; dk ç'u mBk, tkus ij ;'kksèkj ckcwbl laHkkouk dks js[kkafdr dj nsrs gSaA tc iRuh dgrh gS] ^vxj ,slk ugha gqvk rks\vkneh dks rks gj rjg ls lkspuk pkfg,A* rc ;'kksèkj ckcw fVIi.kh djrs gSa fd lc rjgls lkspus okys gekjh fcjknjh esa ugha gksrs gSaA mlesa rks ,d dh rjg ls lkspus okys gksrsgSaA dgrs gSa vkSj dgdj yxHkx udyh&lh g¡lh g¡lrs gSaA

ftruk gh bl yksd dh f”kanxh ;'kksèkj ckcw dks ;g udyh g¡lh g¡lus osQ fy, ckè;dj jgh gS mruk gh og ijyksd osQ ckjs esa mRlkgh gksus dk ;Ru dj jgs gSaA rks mUgksausfcM+yk eafnj dh vksj rs”k dne c<+k,] y{eh&ukjk;.k osQ vkxs gkFk tksM+s] vlhd dkiwQy2 pqfV;k esa [kkaslk vkSj ihNs ls ml çkax.k esa tk igq¡ps tgk¡ ,d egkRek th xhrk ijçopu dj jgs FksA

vI+kQlksl] vkt çopu lquus esa ;'kksèkj th dk eu [kkl yxk ughaA lp rks ;g gS fdog Hkhrj ls cgqr ”;knk èkkfeZd vFkok deZdkaMh gSa ughaA gk¡ bl lacaèk eas vius e;kZnk iqjQ"kfd'kunk }kjk LFkkfir ekud ges'kk muosQ lkeus jgs gSaA tSls&tSls mez <y jgh gS oSls&oSlsog Hkh fd'kunk dh rjg jks”k eafnj tkus] laè;k&iwtk djus vkSj xhrk çsl xksj[kiqj dh fdrkcsai<+us dk ;Ru djus yxs gSaA vxj dHkh mudk eu f'kdk;r djrk fd bl lc esa yx ughaik jgk gw¡ rc mlls dgrs fd HkkbZ yxuk pkfg,A vc rks ek;k&eksg osQ lkFk&lkFkHkxor~&Hktu dks Hkh oqQN LFkku nsuk gksxk fd ugha\ u;h ih<+h dks nsdj jktikV rqe yxtkvks ckV ou&çns'k dhA tks djrs gSa] tSlk djrs gSa] djsaA gesa rks vc bl ^o&jYM* dhugha] mldh] bl ^ykbI+kQ* dh ugha] mldh ¯prk djuh gSA oSls vxj cPps lykg ek¡xsa]vuqHko dk vknj djsa rks vPNk yxrk gSA vc ugha ek¡xrs rks u ek¡xsaA

;'kksèkj ckcw us fiQj vius dks f>M+dk fd ;g Hkh D;k gqvk fd eu dks le>kus esafiQj HkVd x,A xhrk efgek lquksA

2- Hkxoku osQ pj.kksa ls mBk, gq, vk'khokZn osQ iwQy

2019-20

9

flYoj oSfMax

lquus yxs exj O;k[;k esa tuknZu 'kCn tks lqukbZ iM+k rks mUgsavius thtk tuknZu tks'kh dh ;kn gks vkbZA ijlksa gh dkMZ vk;kgS fd mudh rch;r [kjkc gSA ;'kksèkj ckcw lkspus yxs fdthtkth dk gky iwNus vgenkckn tkuk gh gksxkA ,slk lksprs ghmUgsa ;g Hkh [k;ky vk;k fd ;g izLrko mudh iRuh vkSj cPpksadks ilan ugha vk,xk] lkjk la;qDr ifjokj fc[kj x;k gSA iRuhvkSj cPPkksa dh èkkj.kk gS fd bl fc[kjs ifjokj osQ izfr ;'kksèkjth dk ,drjI+kQk yxko vkfFkZd n`f"V ls loZFkk ew[kZrkiw.kZ gSA;'kksèkj th [kq'kh&xe osQ gj ekSosQ ij fj'rsnkjksa osQ ;gk¡ tkuk”k:jh le>rs gSaA og pkgrs gSa fd cPps Hkh ikfjokfjdrk osQ izfrmRlkgh gksaA cPps ozqQ¼ gh gksrs gSaA vHkh ml fnu gn gks xbZAdekmQ csVs us ;g dg fn;k fd vkidks cqvk dks Hkstus osQ fy,iSls eSa rks ugha nw¡xkA ;'kksèkj ckcw dks dguk iM+k fd vHkh rqEgkjscCck dh bruh lk[k gS fd lkS jQi;s mèkkj ys losaQA

;'kksèkj th dk ukjk] ^gekjk rks lSi3 gh ,slk ns[kk Bgjk*µgesarks ;gh ijaijk fojklr esa feyh gSA bl ukjs ls mudh iRuh cgqrfp<+rh gSA iRuh dk dguk gS] vkSj lgh dguk gS fd ;'kksèkj thdk Lo;a dk ns[kk gqvk oqQN ugha gSA ek¡ osQ ej tkus osQ cknNksVh&lh mez esa og xk¡o NksM+dj viuh foèkok cqvk osQ iklvYeksM+k vk x, FksA cqvk dk dksbZ ,slk yack&pkSM+k ifjokj rks Fkkugha tgk¡ fd ;'kksèkj th oqQN ns[krs vkSj ijaijk osQ jax esa jaxrsAeSfVªd ikl djrs gh og fnYyh vk x, vkSj ;gk¡ jgs oq¡Qvkjso`Q".kkuan th osQ lkFkA oq¡Qvkjs dh fxjLrh esa ns[kus dks gksrk D;kgS\ iRuh vkxzgiwoZd dgrh gS fd oqQN ugha rqe vius mufd'kunk osQ eq¡g ls lquh&lqukbZ ckrksa dks viuh vk¡[kksa ns[kh ;knsacuk Mkyrs gks fd'kunk dks tks Hkh ekywe FkkA og mudk iqjkusx¡obZ yksxksa ls lh[kk gqvk BgjkA fnYyh vkdj mUgksaus ?kj&ifjokjrks clk;k ugha tks tku ikrs fd dkSu ls fjokt fuHk ldrs gSa]dkSu ls ughaA iRuh dk dguk gS fd fd'kunk rks Fks gh tue osQ

3- lkgc dk cksypky esa iz;qDr :i

2019-20

forku

10

cw<+s] rqEgsa D;k lqj yxk tks mudk cq<+kik [kqn vks<+us yxs gks\ rqe 'kq: esa rks ,sls ugha Fks] 'kknhosQ ckn eSaus rqEgsa ns[k tks D;k ugha j[kk gS! gÝ+rs esa nks&nks flusek ns[krs Fks] x”ky xkrs Fks x”ky!x”ky gqbZ vkSj lgxy osQ xkusA

;'kksèkj ckcw Lohdkj djrs gSa fd muesa oqQN ifjorZu gqvk gS ysfdu og le>rs gSa fdmez osQ lkFk&lkFk cq”kqfxZ;r vkuk Bhd gh gSA iRuh ls og dgrs gSa fd ftl rjg rqeuscq<+;kdky ;g cxSj ck¡g dk Cykmt iguuk] ;g jlksbZ ls ckgj nky&Hkkr [kk ysuk] ;gm¡Qph ghy okyh lSaMy iguuk] vkSj ,sls gh ipklksa dke viuh csVh dh lykg ij 'kq:dj fn, gSa] eq>s rks os ^legkm baçkWij* gh ekywe gksrs gSaA ,uhos eSa rqEgsa ,slk djus ls jksdugha jgkA ns;jiQksj rqe yksxksa dks Hkh esjs thus osQ <ax ij dksbZ ,rjk”k gksuk ugha pkfg,A

;'kksèkj ckcw dks èkkfeZd çopu lqurs gq, Hkh viuk ikfjokfjd fparu esa è;ku Mwck jgukvPNk ugha yxkA lqcg&'kke laè;k djus osQ ckn tc og FkksM+k è;ku yxkus dh dksf'k'kdjrs gSa rc Hkh eu fdlh ije lÙkk esa ugha] blh ifjokj esa yhu gksrk gSA ;'kksèkj thpkgrs gSa fd è;ku yxkus dh lgh fofèk lh[ksa rFkk lkFk gh og vius ls Hkh dgrs gSa fdijgSIl ,slh ph”k osQ fy, fjVk;j gksus osQ ckn dk le; gh çkWij BgjkA okuizLFk osQ fy,izSlØkbCM Bgjh ;s ph”ksaA okuçLFk osQ fy, ;'kksèkj ckcw dk vius iq'rSuh xk¡o tkus dkbjknk gS fjVk;j gksdjA iQkj izQke n eS Mx ØkmMµle>s!

bl rjg dh reke ckrsa ;'kksèkj ckcw iSnkb'kh cq”kqxZokj fd'kunk osQ 'kCnksa esa vkSj muosQgh ygts esa dgk djrs gSa vkSj dg dj mudh rjg dh og >saih&lh yxHkx udyh&lhg¡lh g¡l nsrs gSaA tc rd fd'kunk fnYyh esa jgs ;'kksèkj ckcw fuR; fu;e ls gj nwljh'kke muosQ njckj esa gkf”kjh yxkus igq¡prs jgsA

Lo;a fd'kunk gj lqcg lSj ls ykSVrs gq, vius bl ekul iq=k osQ DokVZj esa >k¡dukvkSj ^gSYnh&oSYnh ,aM okb”k* cu jgk gS u Hkkŵ,slk dguk dHkh ugha HkwyrsA tc;'kksèkj ckcw fnYyh vk, Fks rc mudh lqcg FkksM+h nsj ls mBus dh vknr FkhA fd'kunkus mUgsa jks”k lqcg >d>ksj dj mBkuk vkSj lkFk lSj esa ys tkuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj ;g ea=kfn;k fd ^vjyh Vw cSM ,aM vjyh Vw jkbt esDl , eSu gSYnh ,aM okb”k!* tc ;'kksèkjckcw vyx DokVZj esa jgus yxs vkSj viuh x`gLFkh esa Mwc x, rc Hkh fd'kunk us ;g ns[krsjguk ”k:jh le>k fd HkkÅ ;kuh cPpk losjs tYnh mBrk gS fd ugha\ ;'kksèkj ckcw dks;g vPNk yxrk Fkk fd dksbZ mUgsa HkkÅ dgrk gSA gj losjs og fd'kunk ls vuqjksèk djrsfd pk; ihdj tk,A fd'kunk dHkh&dHkh bl vuqjksèk dh j{kk dj nsrsA ;'kksèkj ckcw us

2019-20

11

flYoj oSfMax

fd'kunk dks ?kj vkSj nÝ+ rj esa fofHk :iksa esa ns[kk gS ysfdufd'kunk dh tks Nfo muosQ eu esa clh gqbZ gS og lqcg dh lSjdks fudys fd'kunk dh gh gS] oqQrsZ&itkes osQ Åij Åuh xkmuigus] flj ij xksy foyk;rh Vksih vkSj ik¡oksa esa ns'kh [kM+km¡Q èkkj.kfd, gq, vkSj gkFk esa (oqQÙkksa dks Hkxkus osQ fy,) ,d NM+h fy,gq,A

tc rd fd'kunk fnYyh esa jgs rc rd ;'kksèkj ckcw us muosQi^f'k"; vkSj mRlkgh dk;ZdrkZ dh Hkwfedk iwjh fu"Bk ls fuHkkbZAfd'kunk osQ pys tkus osQ ckn mUgksaus gh mudh dbZ ijaijkvksa dksthfor j[kus dh dksf'k'k dh vkSj bl dksf'k'k esa iRuh vkSj cPpksadks ukjk”k fd;kA ?kj esa gksyh xokuk] ^tU;ks iqU;wa* osQ fnu lcoqQekm¡fu;ksa dks tusÅ cnyus osQ fy, vius ?kj vkeaf=kr djuk]jkeyhyk dh rkyhe osQ fy, DokVZj dk ,d dejk ns nsukµ;svkSj ,sls gh dbZ vkSj dke ;'kksèkj ckcw us fd'kunk ls fojklresa fy, FksA mudh iRuh vkSj cPpksa dks bu vk;kstuksa ij gksusokyk [kpZ vkSj bu vk;kstuksa esa gksus okyk 'kksj] nksuksa gh l[rukilan FksA cnrj ;gh fd bu vk;kstuksa osQ fy, lekt esa HkhdksbZ [kkl mRlkg jg ugha x;k gSA

;'kksèkj th pkgrs gSa fd mUgsa lekt dk lEekfur cq”kqxZ ekuktk, ysfdu tc lekt gh u gks rks ;g in mUgsa D;ksadj feys\;'kksèkj th dgrs gSa fd cPps esjk vknj djsa vkSj mlh rjg gjckr esa eq>ls lykg ysa ftl rjg eSa fd'kunk ls fy;k djrk FkkA;'kksèkj ckcw MseksozsQV ckcw gSa vkSj gjfx”k ;g nqjkxzg ugha djukpkgrs fd cPps muosQ dgs dks iRFkj dh ydhj le>saA ysfdu;g Hkh D;k gqvk fd iwNk u rkNk] ftlosQ eu esa tSlk vk;kdjrk jgkA xzkaVsM rqEgkjh ukWyst ”;knk gksxh ysfdu ,Dlihfj,aldk dksbZ lcLVhV~;wV Bgjk ugha csVkA ekuks u ekuks] >wBs eq¡g lslgh] ,d ckj iwN rks fy;k djksµ,slk dgrs gSa ;'kksèkj ckcw vkSjcPps ;gh mÙkj nsrs gSaa] ¶cCck] vki rks gn djrs gSa] tks ckr vkitkurs gh ugha vkils D;ksa iwNsa\¸

2019-20

forku

12

çopu lquus osQ ckn ;'kksèkj ckcw lC”kheaMh x,A ;'kksèkj ckcw dks vPNk yxrk vxjmuosQ csVs cM+s gksus ij viuh rjI+kQ ls ;g çLrko djrs fd nwèk ykuk] jk'ku ykuk] lh-th- ,p- ,l- fMLisaljh ls nok ykuk] lnj ck”kkj tkdj nkysa ykuk] igkM+xat ls lC”khykuk] fMiks ls dks;yk ykuk ;s lc dke vki NksM+ nsa] vc ge dj fn;k djsaxs] ,dkèkckj csVksa ls [kqn mUgksaus gh dgk rc os ,d&nwljs ls dgus yxs fd rw fd;k dj] rw D;ksaugha djrk\ bruk oqQgjke epk vkSj yM+dksa us ,d&nwljs dks bruk ”;knk cqjk&Hkyk dgkfd ;'kksèkj ckcw us bl fo"k; dks mBkuk Hkh can dj fn;kA tc ls csVk foKkiu oaQiuhesa cM+h ukSdjh ij x;k gS rc ls cPpksa dk bl çlax esa ,d gh oDrO; gS&¶cCck] gekjhle> esa ugha vkrk fd bu dkeksa osQ fy, vki ,d ukSdj D;ksa ugha j[k ysrs\ bZtk dksHkh vkjke gks tk,xkA¸ dekÅ csVk ued fNM+drs gq, ;g Hkh dgrk gS fd ukSdj dhru[okg eSa ns nw¡xkA

;'kksèkj ckcw dks ;gh ^legkm baçkij* ekywe gksrk gS fd mudk csVk viuk osru muosQgkFk esa ugha j[ksA ;g lgh gS fd osru Lo;a csVs osQ vius gkFk esa ugha vkrk] ,dkmaVVªkaliQj }kjk cSad esaa tkrk gSA ysfdu D;k csVk cki osQ lkFk TokbaV ,dkmaV ugha [kksyldrk Fkk\ >wBs eq¡g ls gh lgh] ,d ckj ,slk dgrk rks! frl ij csVs dk vius osrudks viuk le>rs gq, ckj&ckj dguk fd ;g dke eSa vius iSls ls djus dks dg jgkgw¡] vkiosQ ls ugha tks vki uqDrkphuh djsaA bl Øe esa csVs us firk dk ;g DokVZj rdviuk cuk fy;k gSA viuk osru vius <ax ls og bl ?kj ij [kpZ dj jgk gSA dHkhdkjisV fcNok jgk gS] dHkh insZ yxok jgk gSA dHkh lksI+kQk vk jgk gS dHkh MuyiokykMcy cSM vkSj ¯lxkj es”kA dHkh Vh- oh-] dHkh fizQt D;k gqvk ;g\ vkSj ,slk Hkh ughadgrk fd yhft, firk th eSa vkiosQ fy, ;g Vh- oh- ys vk;kA dgrk ;gh gS fd esjkVh- oh- gS le>s] bls dksbZ u Nqvk djs! DokVZj gh mldk gks x;k! ;g vPNh jghA vcbudk ,d ukSdj Hkh j[kks ?kj esaA budk ukSdj gksxk rks buosQ fy, gh gksxkA gekjs fy,rks D;k gksxkµ,slk le>krs gSa ;'kksèkj ckcw ?kjokyh dksA dke lc vius gkFk ls Bhd ghgksrs gSaA ukSdjksa dks lkSaik dkjksckj pkSiV gqvkA dgrs gSa ;'kksèkj ckcw] iRuh lqurh gS exjugha lqurhA ij lqudj vc fp<+rh Hkh ughaA

lC”kh dk >ksyk ysdj ;'kksèkj ckcw [kqnh gqbZ lM+dksa vkSj VwVs gq, DokVZjksa osQ eycs lsiVs gq, ykuksa dks ikj djosQ LDok;j osQ ml dksus esa igq¡ps ftlesa rhu DokVZj vc Hkhlkcqr [kM+s gq, FksA mu rhu esa ls oqQy ,d dks vc rd ,d flyflyk vkckn fd, gq,gSA ckgj cnjax r[rh esa mldk uke fy[kk gSµokbZ-Mh- iarA

2019-20

13

flYoj oSfMax

bl DokVZj osQ ikl igq¡pdj vkt okbZ-Mh- iar dks igys èkks[kkgqvk fd fdlh xyr txg vk x, gSaA DokVZj osQ ckgj ,d dkj Fkh]oqQN LowQVj&eksVj lkbfdy] cgqr ls yksx fonk ys&ns jgs FksA ckgjcjkens esa jaxhu dkx”k dh >kyjsa vkSj xqCckjs yVosQ gq, Fks vkSjjax&fcjaxh jks'kfu;k¡ tyh gqbZ FkhaA

fiQj mUgsa viuk cM+k csVk Hkw"k.k igpku esa vk;k ftlls dkj esacSBk gqvk dksbZ lkgc gkFk feyk jgk Fkk vkSj dg jgk Fkk] ¶fxo ekbZokeZ fjxkMZ~l Vw ;ksj I+kQknjA¸

;'kksèkj ckcw fBBd x,A mUgksaus vius ls iwNkµD;ksa] vkt esjs DokVZjesa ;g D;k gks jgk gksxk\ mldk tokc Hkh mUgksaus vius dks fn;kµtksdjrs gksaxs ;g ykSaMs&ekSaMs] budh ek;k ;gh tkusaA

vc ;'kksèkj ckcw dk è;ku bl vksj x;k fd mudh iRuh vkSjmudh csVh Hkh oqQN eselkcksa dks fonk djrs gq, cjkens esa [kM+h gSa]yM+dh thu vkSj cxSj ck¡g dk Vki igus gSA ;'kksèkj ckcw mlls dbZerZck dg pqosQ gSa fd rqEgkjh ;g irywu vkSj lSaMks cuus okyh MªSleq>s rks legkm baçkij ekywe gksrh gSA ysfdu og Hkh f”kíh ,slh gSfd bls gh igurh gS vkSj iRuh Hkh mlh dh rjI+kQnkjh djrh gS]dgrh gSµog flj ij iYyw&oYyw eSaus dj fy;k cgqr rqEgkjs dgusij le>s] esjh csVh ogh djsxh tks nqfu;k dj jgh gSA iq=kh dk i{kysus okyh ;g iRuh bl le; vksBksa ij ykyh vkSj ckyksa ij f[k”kkcyxk, gq, Fkh tcfd ;s nksuksa gh ph”ksa vki oqQN Hkh dfg,] ;'kksèkjckcw dks ^legkm baçkij* gh ekywe gksrh gSaA

vkèkqfud fdLe osQ vtuch yksxksa dh HkhM+ ns[kdj ;'kksèkj ckcwv¡èksjs esa gh nqcosQ jgsA muosQ cPpksa dks blfy, f'kdk;r gS fd cCckrks ,y-Mh-lh- Vkbiksa ls gh feDl djrs gSaA

tc dkj okys yksx pys x, rc ;'kksèkj ckcw us vius DokVZj esadne j[kus dk lkgl tqVk;kA Hkhrj vc Hkh ikVhZ py jgh FkhAmuosQ iq=k&iqf=k;ksa osQ dbZ fe=k rFkk muosQ oqQN fj'rsnkj tes gq, FksA

2019-20

forku

14

muosQ cM+s csVs us f>M+dh&lh lqukbZ] ¶cCck] vki Hkh gn djrs gSaA flYoj oSfMax osQ fnulk<+s vkB cts ?kj igq¡ps gSaA vHkh rd esjs ckWl vkidh jkg ns[k jgs FksA¸

¶ge yksxksa osQ ;gk¡ flYoj oSfMax dc ls gksus yxh gSA¸ ;'kksèkj ckcw us 'kehZyh g¡lhg¡l nhA

¶tc ls rqEgkjk csVk Ms<+ g”kkj ekgokj dekus yxk] rc lsA¸ ;g fVIi.kh Fkh panznÙkfrokjh dh tks blh lky ,l-,-,l- ikl gqvk gS vkSj nwj osQ fj'rs ls ;'kksèkj ckcw dkHkkatk yxrk gSA

;'kksèkj ckcw dks vius csVksa ls reke rjg dh f'kdk;rsa gSa ysfdu oqQy feykdj mUgsa;g vPNk yxrk gS fd yksxµckx mUgsa bZ";kZ dk ik=k le>rs gSaA Hkys gh mUgsa Hkw"k.k dkxSj&ljdkjh ukSdjh djuk le> esa u vkrk gks rFkkfi og ;g c[kwch le>rs gSa fd bruh

2019-20

15

flYoj oSfMax

NksVh mez esa Ms<+ g”kkj ekgokj Iyl duos,al ,ykmal ,aM rqEgkjkvnj iDlZ ik tkuk dksbZ ekewyh ckr ugha gSA blh rjg Hkys gh;'kksèkj ckcw us csVksa dh [kjhnh gqbZ gj u;h ph”k osQ lanHkZ esa ;ghfVIi.kh dh gks fd ;s D;k gqbZ] legkm esjh rks le> esa vkrkugha] bldh D;k ”k:jr Fkh] rFkkfi mUgsa dgha bl ckr ls FkksM+h[kq'kh Hkh gksrh gS fd bl ph”k osQ vk tkus ls mUgsa u, nkSj osQ]fu'p; gh xyr] ekudksa osQ vuqlkj cM+k vkneh eku fy;k tkjgk gSA felky osQ fy, tc csVksa us xSl dk pwYgk tqVk;k rc;'kksèkj ckcw us mldk fojksèk fd;k vkSj vkt Hkh og ;gh dgrsgSa fd bl ij cuh jksVh eq>s rks legkm jksVh tSlh yxrh ugha]rFkkfi og tkurs gSa] xSl u gksus ij og bl uxj esa pijklh Js.khosQ eku fy, tkrsA blh rjg fizQt osQ lanHkZ esa vkt Hkh ;'kksèkjckcw ;gh dgrs gSa fd esjh le> esa vkt rd ;g ugha vk;k fdbldk I+kQk;nk D;k gS\ cklh [kkuk [kkuk vPNh vknr ugha BgjhAvkSj ;g Bgjk blh dke dk fd lqcg cuk osQ j[k fn;k vkSj'kke dks [kk;kA bl esa j[kk gqvk ikuh Hkh esjs eu rks vkrk ugha]xyk idM+ ysrk gSA dgrs gSa exj bl ckr ls larq"V gksrs gSa fd?kj vk, lkèkkj.k gSfl;r okys esgeku bl fizQt dk ikuh ihdjvius dks èkU; vuqHko djrs gSaA

viuh flYoj oSfMax dh ;g HkO; ikVhZ Hkh ;'kksèkj ckcw dkslegkm baçkij gh yxh rFkkfi mUgsa bl ckr ls larks"k gqvk fdftl vukFk ;'kksèkj osQ tUefnu ij dHkh ya w ugha vk,] ftlusviuk fookg Hkh dksvkWijsfVo ls nks&pkj g”kkj d”kkZ fudkydjfd;k cxSj fdlh [kkl èkweèkke osQ] mlosQ fookg dh iPphlohao"kZxk¡B ij osQd] pkj rjg dh feBkbZ] pkj rjg dh uedhu]iQy] dksYMfMªaDl] pk; lc oqQN ekStwn gSA

fxjh'k cksyk] eq>s vkt lqcg cSBs&cSBs ;kn vk;k fd vkidh'kknh Ng I+kQjojh lu~ lSarkyhl dks gqbZ Fkh vkSj bl fglkc lsvkt mls iPphl lky iwjs gks x, gSaA eSaus vkiosQ nÝ+ rj I+kQksu

2019-20

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fd;k ysfdu 'kk;n vkidk I+kQksu [kjkc FkkA rc eSaus Hkw"k.k dks I+kQksu fd;kA Hkw"k.k us dgk]'kke dks vk tkb, ikVhZ djrs gSaA eSa vius ckWl dks Hkh cqyk yw¡xk blh cgkusA¸

fxjh'k ;'kksèkj ckcw dh iRuh dk ppsjk HkkbZ gSA cM+h oaQiuh esa ekosZQfVax eSustj gS vkSjbldh lgk;rk ls gh ;'kksèkj ckcw osQ csVs dks viuk ;g laiUu lkyk legkm Hk;adjvksNkV ;kuh vksNsiu dk èkuh ekywe gksrk gSA mUgsa yxrk gS fd blh us Hkw"k.k dks fcxkM+fn;k gSA dHkh dgrs gSa ,slk rks iRuh cjl iM+rh gSµ¯”knxh cuk nh rqEgkjs lsosaQM Dyklch-,- csVs dh] dgrs gks fcxkM+ fn;kA

Hkw"k.k us vius fe=kksa&lg;ksfx;ksa dk ;'kksèkj ckcw ls ifjp; djkuk 'kq: fd;kA mudh¶eSuh gSIih fjVu~Zl vkWI+kQ n Ms dk ¶FkSaD;w dgdj tokc nsrs gq,] ftu yksxksa dk ukeigys crk fn;k x;k gks mudh vksj ¶okbZ-Mh- iar] gkse fefuLVjh] Hkw"k.l I+kQknj¸ dgdjLo;a gkFk c<+krs gq, ;'kksèkj ckcw us gjpan ;g trkus dh dksf'k'k dh fd Hkys gh oglaLdkjh oqQekm¡Quh gS rFkkfi foyk;rh jhfr&fjokt ls Hkh Hkyh Hkk¡fr ifjfpr gSaA fd'kunkdgk djrs Fks fd vkuk lc oqQN pkfg,] lh[kuk gj ,d dh ckr Bgjh] ysfdu viuhNksM+uh ugha gqbZA VkbZ&lwV iguuk vkuk pkfg, ysfdu èkksrh&oqQrkZ viuh iks'kkd gS ;g ughaHkwyuk pkfg,A

vc cPpksa us ,d vkSj foyk;rh ijaijk osQ fy, vkxzg fd;kµ;'kksèkj ckcw viuh iRuhosQ lkFk osQd dkVsaA ?kjokyh igys FkksM+k 'kjekbZ ysfdu tc csVh us gkFk [khapk rc mlsosQd osQ ihNs tk [kM+h gksus esa dksbZ fgpd ugha gqbZ] ogha ls mlus ifr dks Hkh iqdkjkA

;'kksèkj ckcw dks osQd dkVuk cpdkuh ckr ekywe gqbZA csVh mUgsa yxHkx [khapdj ysxbZA ;'kksèkj ckcw us dgk] ¶legkm vkbZ MksaV ykbd vky fnlA¸ ysfdu ,uhos mUgksausosQd dkV gh fn;kA fxjh'k us mudh ;g vueuh ¯drq larq"V Nfo oSQejs esa oSQn dj yhAvc ifr&iRuh ls dgk x;k fd os osQd ls eq¡g ehBk djsa ,d&nwljs dkA iRuh us [kk fy;kexj ;'kksèkj ckcw us badkj dj fn;kA mudk dguk Fkk fd eSa osQd [kkrk ugha] blesa vaMkiM+k gksrk gSA mUgsa ;kn fnyk;k x;k fd vHkh oqQN o"kksZa igys rd vki ekalkgkjh Fks] ,dVqdM+k osQd [kk ysus esa D;k gks tk,xk\ ysfdu og ugha ekusA rc muls vuqjksèk fd;k x;kfd yaw gh [kk ysaA Hkw"k.k osQ ,d fe=k us yaw mBkdj muosQ eq¡g esa Bw¡lus dk ;Ru fd;kysfdu ;'kksèkj ckcw blosQ fy, Hkh jk”kh ugha gq,A mudk dguk Fkk fd eSaus vc rd laè;kugha dh gSA bl ij Hkw"k.k us >q¡>ykdj dgk] ¶rks cCck] igys tkdj laè;k dhft,]vkidh otg ls ge yksx dc rd jQosQ jgsaxsA¸

2019-20

17

flYoj oSfMax

¶ugha] ugha] vki lc yksx [kkb,]¸ ;'kksèkj ckcw us cPpksa osQnksLrksa ls dgk] ¶Iyh”k xks vgsMA uks I+kQkjeSYVhA¸

;'kksèkj ckcw us vkt iwtk esa oqQN ”;knk gh nsj yxkbZA bruhnsj fd ”;knkrj esgeku mB dj pys tk,¡A

mudh iRuh] muosQ cPps] ckjh&ckjh ls vkdj >k¡drs jgs vkSjdgrs jgs] tYnh dhft, esgeku yksx tk jgs gSaA

'kke dh ianzg feuV dh iwtk dks yxHkx iPphl feuV rd[khap ysus osQ ckn Hkh tc cSBd ls esgekuksa dh vkok”kas vkrhlqukbZ nh rc ;'kksèkj ckcw iÁklu lkèkdj è;ku yxkus cSB x,]og pkgrs Fks fd mUgsa çdk'k dk ,d uhyk ¯cnq fn[kkbZ ns] exjmUgsa fd'kunk fn[kkbZ ns jgs FksA

;'kksèkj ckcw fd'kunk ls iwN jgs Fks fd tks gqvk gksxk* ls vkioSQls ej x,\ fd'kunk dg jgs Fks fd HkkÅ lHkh tu blh ^tksgqvk gksxk* ls ejrs gSa] x`gLFk gksa] czãpkjh gksa] vehj gksa] xjhc gksa]ejrs tks gqvk gksxk* ls gh gSaA gk¡&gk¡] 'kq: esa vkSj vkf[kj esa] lcvosQys gh gksrs gSaA viuk dksbZ ugha Bgjk nqfu;k esa] cl viukfu;e viuk gqvkA

;'kksèkj ckcw us iktkek&oqQrsZ ij Åuh Mªsflax xkmu igus] fljij xksy foyk;rh Vksih] ik¡oksa esa ns'kh [kM+km¡Q vkSj gkFk esa MaMkèkkj.k fd, bl fd'kunk ls vosQysiu osQ fo"k; esa cgl djuhpkghA mudk fojksèk djus osQ fy, ugha cfYd ckr oqQN vkSjvPNh rjg le>us osQ fy,A

gj jfookj fd'kunk 'kke dks Bhd pkj cts ;'kksèkj ckcw osQ ?kjvk;k djrs FksA muosQ fy, xjek&xje pk; cuokbZ tkrh FkhA mudkdguk Fkk fd ftls iw¡Qd ekjdj u ihuk iM+s og pk; oSQlhA pk;lqM+drs gq, fd'kunk çopu djrs Fks vkSj ;'kksèkj ckcw chp&chpesa 'kadk,¡ mBkrs FksA

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;'kksèkj ckcw dks yxrk gS fd fd'kunk vkt Hkh esjk ekxZ&n'kZu dj losaQxs vkSj crklosaQxs fd esjs choh&cPps tks oqQN Hkh dj jgs gSa mlosQ fo"k; esa esjk joS;k D;k gksukpkfg,\

ysfdu fd'kunk rks ogh vosQysiu dk [kVjkx vykius ij vkeknk ls ekywe gksrs gSaA

oSQlh choh] dgk¡ osQ cPps] ;g lc ek;k Bgjh vkSj ;g tks Hkw"k.k vkt bruk mNy jgkgS og Hkh fdlh fnu bruk gh vosQyk vkSj vlgk; vuqHko djsxk] ftruk fd vkt rw djjgk gSA

;'kksèkj ckcw ckr vkxs c<+krs ysfdu mudh ?kjokyh mUgsa f>M+drs gq, vk igq¡ph fdD;k vkt iwtk esa gh cSBs jgksxsA ;'kksèkj ckcw vklu ls mBs vkSj mUgksaus ncs Loj esa iwNk]¶esgeku x,\¸ iRuh us crk;k] ¶oqQN x, gSa] oqQN gSaA mUgksaus tkuuk pkgk fd dkSu&dkSugSa\ vk'oLr gksus ij fd lHkh fj'rsnkj gh gSa og mlh yky xeNs esa cSBd esa pys x,ftls igudj og laè;k djus cSBs FksA ;g xeNk iguus dh vknr Hkh mUgsa fd'kunk lsfojklr esa feyh gS vkSj muosQ cPps blosQ l[r f[kykI+kQ gSaA

¶,ojhcMh xkWu] ikVhZ vksoj\¸ ;'kksèkj ckcw us eqloqQjkdj viuh csVh ls iwNk] ¶vcxks;k xeNk igus j[kk tk ldrk gS\¸

mudh csVh >YykbZ] ¶yksx pys x,] bldk eryc ;g FkksM+h gS fd vki xeNkigudj cSBd esa vk tk,¡A cCck] ;w vkj n fyfeVA¸

¶csVh] gesa ftlesa lt vk,xh ogh djsaxs uk] rqEgkjh rjg thu igudj gesa rks ltvkrhµughaA¸

;'kksèkj ckcw dh nf"V es”k ij j[ks oqQN iSosQVksa ij iM+hA cksys] ¶;s dkSu Hkwys tk jgk gS\¸

Hkw"k.k cksyk] ¶vkiosQ fy, izs”ksaV gSa] [kksfy, ukA¸

¶vg] bl mez esa D;k gks jgk gS izs”ksaV&ojtSaV! rqe [kksyks] rqEgha bLrseky djksA¸ dgdj'kehZyh g¡lh g¡lsA

Hkw"k.k lcls cM+k iSosQV mBkdj mls [kksyrs gq, cksyk] ¶bls rks ys yhft,A ;g eSavkiosQ fy, yk;k gw¡A mQuh Mªs lx xkmu gSA vki losjs tc nwèk ysus tkrs gSa cCck] iQVkiqyksoj igu osQ pys tkrs gSa tks cgqr gh cqjk yxrk gSA vki bls igu osQ tk;k dhft,A¸

2019-20

19

flYoj oSfMax

csVh firk dk iktkek&oqQrkZ mBk ykbZ fd bls igudj xkmu iguasAFkksM+k&lk uk&uqp djus osQ ckn ;'kksèkj th us bl vkxzg dh j{kk dhAxkmu dk lS'k dlrs gq, mUgksaus dgk] ¶vPNk rks ;g Bgjk Msª lxxkmuA¸

mUgksaus dgk vkSj mudh vk¡[kksa dh dksj esa ”kjk&lh uehped xbZA

;g dguk eqf'dy gS fd bl ?kM+h mUgsa ;g ckr pqHk xbZ fdmudk tks csVk ;g dg jgk gS fd vki losjs Msª lx xkmu igudjnwèk ykus tk;k djsa] og ;g ugha dg jgk fd nwèk eSa yk fn;k d:¡xk;k fd bl xkmu dks igudj muosQ vaxks esa og fd'kunk mrj vk;kgS ftldh ekSr ^tks gqvk gksxk* ls gqbZA

2019-20

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vH;kl

1- ;'kksèkj ckcw dh iRuh le; osQ lkFk <y ldus esa liQy gksrh gS ysfdu ;'kksèkj ckcw vliQyjgrs gSaA ,slk D;ksa\

2- ikB esa ^tks gqvk gksxk* okD; dh vki fdruh vFkZ Nfo;k¡ [kkst ldrs @ ldrh gSa\

3- ^legkm baizkij* okD;ka'k dk iz;ksx ;'kksèkj ckcw yxHkx gj okD; osQ izkajHk esa rfd;k dyke

dh rjg djrs gSaA bl okD;ka'k dk muosQ O;fDrRo vkSj dgkuh osQ dF; ls D;k lacaèk curk gS\

4- ;'kksèkj ckcw dh dgkuh dks fn'kk nsus esa fd'kunk dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA vkiosQ thou dksfn'kk nsus esa fdldk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk vkSj oSQls\

5- orZeku le; esa ifjokj dh lajpuk] Lo:i ls tqM+s vkiosQ vuqHko bl dgkuh ls dgk¡ rdlkeatL; fcBk ikrs gSa\

6- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fdls vki dgkuh dh ewy laosnuk dgsaxs @ dgsaxh vkSj D;ksa\

(d) gkf'k, ij /osQys tkrs ekuoh; ewY;

([k) ih<+h dk varjky

(x) ik'pkR; laLo`Qfr dk izHkko

7- vius ?kj vkSj fo|ky; osQ vkl&ikl gks jgs mu cnykoksa osQ ckjs esa fy[ksa tks lqfoèkktud vkSjvkèkqfud gksrs gq, Hkh cq”kqxks± dks vPNs ugha yxrsA vPNk u yxus osQ D;k dkj.k gksaxs\

8- ;'kks/j ckcw osQ ckjs esa vkidh D;k /kj.kk curh gS\ fn, x, rhu dFkuksa esa ls vki ftlosQ leFkZuesa gSa] vius vuqHkokssa vkSj lksp osQ vk/kj ij mlosQ fy, roZQ nhft,µ

(d) ;'kks/j ckcw osQ fopkj iwjh rjg ls iqjkus gSa vkSj os lgkuqHkwfr osQ ik=k ugha gaSA

([k) ;'kks/j ckcw esa ,d rjg dk }a} gS ftlosQ dkj.k u;k mUgsa dHkh&dHkh [khaprk rks gS ijiqjkuk NksM+rk ughaA blfy, mUgsa lgkuqHkwfr osQ lkFk ns[kus dh ”k:jr gSA

(x) ;'kks/j ckcw ,d vkn'kZ O;fDrRo gS vkSj u;h ih<+h }kjk muosQ fopkjksa dk viukuk ghmfpr gSA

2019-20