EUMETSAT Contributions to the Sentinel Missions for ...ceos.org › document_management › Virtual_Constellations...2 CEOS AC-VC Meeting #15, Nakano Sunplaza, Tokyo, 10-12 June 2019

EUM/RSP/VWG/19/1088558, v1 Draft, 31 May 20191

Rosemary Munro, Bojan Bojkov,

Lieven Bydekerke, Hilary Wilson,

Dany Provost, Peter Schluessel,

Jochen Grandell, Rüdiger Lang,

Bertrand Fougnie & Vincenzo Santacesaria

EUMETSAT Contributions to the Sentinel

Missions for

Atmospheric Composition

CEOS AC-VC Meeting #15, Nakano Sunplaza, Tokyo, 10-12 June 20192

EUMETSAT Mission Planning

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METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION

METEOSAT THIRD GENERATION

EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM (EPS)

MTG-I-1 : IMAGERY

MTG-S-1: SOUNDING

MTG-I-2: IMAGERY

MTG-I-3: IMAGERY

MTG-S-2: SOUNDING

MTG-I-4: IMAGERY

METOP-SG A: SOUNDING AND IMAGERY

METOP-SG B: MICROWAVE IMAGERY

JASON (HIGH PRECISION OCEAN ALTIMETRY)

COPERNICUS

SENTINEL-3 A/B/C/D

SENTINEL-4 ON MTG-S

SENTINEL-5 ON METOP-SG A

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40YEAR...

Man

dato

ry P

rog

ram

mes

Op

tio

nal

Pro

gra

mm

es

EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM SECOND GENERATION (EPS-SG)

Th

ird

Part

y

Pro

gra

mm

es

METOP-A

METOP-B

METOP-C

METEOSAT-8

METEOSAT-9

METEOSAT-10

METEOSAT-11

JASON-2

JASON-3

SENTINEL-6 (JASON-CS)


EUMETSAT & Copernicus Sensors

for Trace Gas Observation

Main types of sensors providing measurements for trace gas retrieval:

• Geostationary UVNS spectrometers:

MTG/UVN (Copernicus Sentinel-4)

• Geostationary hyperspectral IR spectrometers:

MTG/IRS

• Polar-orbiting UVNS spectrometers:

EPS/GOME-2, EPS-SG/UVNS (Copernicus Sentinel-5),

Copernicus CO2 Monitoring mission

(high priority candidate mission, not yet approved)

• Polar-orbiting hyperspectral IR spectrometers:

EPS/IASI, EPS-SG/IASI-NG


Cal/Val & End User Products for Trace Gas Missions

Product (Cal/Val & Trace Gas)

Me

top

G

OM

E-2

MT

G-S

S

4/U

VN

EP

S-S

G

S5

/U

VN

S

Co

pe

rnic

us

CO

2 M

Me

top

IA

SI

Me

top

-SG

IA

SI-

NG

MT

G-S

IR

S

Radiance

Irradiance

O3 total column

O3 profile (incl. troposphere)

O3 tropospheric column

NO2 total column

NO2 tropospheric column

SO2

SO2 Layer Height

HCHO

CHOCHO

BrO

OClO

HNO3

NH3

CO

CH4

SIF

CO2

H2O

UV Products

Surface Reflectance

Cells coloured:

blue indicate products to be produced at EUMETSAT, greenindicate products to be produced by the AC SAF, orangeindicate products not yet committed but possible. Grey indicate “Not Applicable”


Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) Full Operational Configuration

MTG-IRapid Scan Service

MTG-SSounding Service

MTG-IFull Scan Service


MTG-I Imaging Mission

Imagery mission implemented

by two MTG-I satellites

Full disc imagery every 10

minutes in 16 bands

Fast imagery of Europe every

2.5 minutes

New Lightning Imager (LI)

Start of operations in 2021

Operational exploitation:

2021-2042


The Flexible Combined Imager

Higher Spatial Resolution and More Spectral Channels

courtesy D. Rosenfeld, Univ. Jerusalem

True colour RGB 1 km

0.4 0.5 0.6 mm

MODIS 20061124 12:20

Natural colour RGB 3 km

1.6 0.8 0.6 mm

MSG 20061124 12:27


The Lightning ImagerLightning Monitoring for NWC / VSRF / AC (GOES-R example)

April 28-30, 2017GOES-16 GLM lightning superimposed on GLM background: PRE-OPERATIONAL DATA


MTG-S Sounding Mission

Hyperspectral infrared

sounding mission

3D weather cube: temperature,

water vapour, trace gases,

every 30 minutes over Europe

Air quality monitoring and

atmospheric chemistry in

synergy with Copernicus

Sentinel-4 instrument

Start of operations in 2023

Operational exploitation:

2023-2042


From IASI to IASI-NG and the IRS

IASI-NGIASI

IASI-NG IRS

S:N IASI x 2 O3: ~IASICO: ~IASI/2

SpectralResolution

IASI / 2 IASI x 1.5

Pixel Size IASI (12km)

IASI / 3

IASI-NG

CO, SO2, O3, HNO3,

NH3,CH4, CO2,... with

improved detection

limits and vertical

sensitivity

IRS

NH3, CO, SO2, O3 with

improved temporal and

spatial resolution

Courtesy ULB/LATMOS


4D Weather Cube with MTG-I and MTG-S

Lightning

Convection

Winds

Atmosphere


Future Mission EPS-SG: EUMETSAT Polar System - Second Generation

METimageVisible-Infrared Imager

Sentinel-5UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR Sounder

MWSMicrowave Sounder

Radio Occultation

RO

IASI-NGInfrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer

– New Generation

3MIMulti-viewing,

-channel,

-polarisation Imager

Metop-SG A

Metop-SG B SCAScatterometer

ICIsub-mm wave Ice Cloud Imager

MWIMicrowave Imager

Two-satellite configuration Metop-SG-A and –Bon the same orbit, separated by 90°

Metop-like orbit: Sun synchronous low earth orbit at 835 km mean altitude 09:30 local time of the descending node

Nominal launches:2022 Metop-SG A1 2022 Metop-SG B12028 Metop-SG A2 2029 Metop-SG B22035 Metop-SG A3 2036 Metop-SG B3


From IASI to IASI-NG and the IRS

IASI-NGIASI

IASI-NG IRS

S:N IASI x 2 O3: ~IASICO: ~IASI/2

SpectralResolution

IASI / 2 IASI x 1.5

Pixel Size IASI (12km)

IASI / 3

IASI-NG

CO, SO2, O3, HNO3,

NH3,CH4, CO2,... with

improved detection

limits and vertical

sensitivity

IRS

NH3, CO, SO2, O3 with

improved temporal and

spatial resolution

Courtesy ULB/LATMOS


Objectives

Temperature/humidity profile at high vertical

resolution

Clouds, trace gases (CO, SO2, O3, HNO3,

NH3,CH4, CO2 ... )

Sea/land/ice surface temperature

Aerosols, Volcanic Ash

Hyper-spectral Infrared Sounding

IASI-NG

Breakthrough

Doubling of radiometric and spectral resolution of IASI for the benefit of weather forecast and atmospheric composition

75% more information in temperature profiling, particularly PBL

30 % more information in water vapour profiling

Quantification of trace gases which are currently only detected

Vertical resolution of trace gases instead of columnar amounts only


Objectives Hi-res cloud products, incl. microphysics

Aerosols

Polar AMVs

Vegetation, snow, fire

Sea/ice/land surface temperature

Support to sounding missions

Implementation Development of METimage by DLR

Key performances 20 channels: 0.443 – 13.345 µm

absolute calibration: 5% (short-wave)

0.5 K (long-wave)

radiometric sensitivity: SNR 60 – 500

(short-wave) 0.05 – 0.2 K (long-wave)

spatial sampling: 500 m cross-track scan

Optical Imaging

METimage

Breakthrough

Many more spectral channels than AVHRR for the benefit of measuring more variables

Higher spatial resolution (500 m):

more complete coverage through greater likelihood to measure surface variables in partly cloud conditions

Better radiometric resolution for more accurate quantification of many variables


Objectives of a new mission Aerosol – optical thickness, particle size,

type, height, absorption

Volcanic Ash

Cloud phase, height, optical depth

Surface albedo

Implementation ESA development

Key performances

12 channels: 0.41 – 2.13 µm

3 polarisations: 0°, 60°, -60°

14 views

radiometric bias: 3%

SNR: 200

spatial sampling: 4 km

push-broom scan (2200 km swath)

Multi-viewing multi-channel multi-polarisation Imaging

3MI

Kaufman et al. (2002)

Breakthrough:

Enhanced spatial sampling (4 km)

Improves separation of cloudy areas

12 spectral channels (9 polarised), extending into the UV and SWIR

Better aerosol characterisation

Higher angular resolution (14 views)

Better phase function characterisation


Towards an EPS-SG Hyper-Instrument3MI/S5/IASI-NG/VII - MAP

Combining co-locations of VII/Sentinel5/IASI-NG observations with co-registered multi-

viewing observations (3MI) on 3MI multi-viewing fixed grid.

EPS-SG Platform

Sentinel-5 UV-Vis-SWIR hyper spectral sounder

IASI-NG IR hyper spectral sounder

METimage Very high spatial resolution,

multi channel imager

3MI Multi-viewing,

Multi-polarisation,

Multi-channel imager

Co-location

and co-

registration 0.29 – 15mm

0.5 – 7 km2

~ 19000 channels

EPS-SG

hyper-instrument

Initial product: Multi-sensor Aerosol product (MAP)


Synergy of Observation Missions

Observation missions arehighly complementary Co-registration of measurements will allow to

optimise the information extraction Synergy to be considered in payload distribution

of a dual satellite configuration

Essential co-registrations IASI-NG – METimage – S5/UVNS MWI - ICI

Desired co-registrations IASI-NG – MWS METimage – 3MI IASI-NG – S5/UVNS – 3MI MWI – SCA – METimage


250 300 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 nm

300 - 500270 –

310

685 –

710

745 –

773

1590–

1675

2305 –

2385 S5

405 –

490

747 –

773

1590–

1675

1990 –

2095 CO2I

MAP

3MI

CI

METimage ….

EPS-SGCO2M

Spectral coverage: EPS-SG (S5, 3MI, METimage) vs. CO2M


Opportunities for Cross-Calibration (GSICS)

EUMETSAT & Copernicus Reflective Solar Spectrometers

• Metop GOME-2

• MTG-S Sentinel-4

• EPS-SG Sentinel-5

• Future CO2 monitoring (constellation anticipated so cross-calibration important!)

Activities for Reflective Solar Spectrometers

• Solar Spectrum comparison and reference

• White Paper on Ground-based Characterisation

• Cross-comparison during match-ups

(LEO vs LEO Simultaneous Nadir Overpass,

Chasing Orbits (Opportunistic Formation Flying,

LEO under flights of GEO)

• Cross-comparison at Target Sites

(Sahara, Pacific, Ice sheets, Salt pans …)

• Cross-calibration below 300nm

Credit: Reuter et al. 2017


Common Validation Approach (Trace Gas Products)

3 phases: commissioning, pre-operational, operational/routine

Ground-based observations: Networks of stations: NDACC, Pandonia,

WOUDC, Eubrewnet, TCCON, AERONET, MPLNET, EARLINET, GALION

Data Centres/archives: EVDC, AVDC, GAWSIS, ACTRIS

Instrument types: MAX-DOAS, BREWER, FTIR/FTS, MWR, Spectral UV, Sonde, Lidar, SAOZ, Aircore

Measurements from instruments on board of other LEO/GEO satellites: OMPS, TROPOMI, GEMS, TEMPO, GF-5 EMI,

OCO-2, OCO-3, GOSAT-2, Tansat …

Cross-comparison/validation among EUMETSAT products: GEO/LEO UVNS inter-comparison: GOME-2,

Sentinel-5/UVNS and Sentinel-4/UVN GEO/LEO IR spectrometers: IASI, IASI-NG and IRS UVNS/IR inter-comparison: Sentinel/5/IASI-NG and

Sentinel-4/IRS Copernicus CO2M constellation (plus with other

GHG missions)

Dedicated campaigns (if needed, operations only): Ground-based Aircore/Sondes Balloon and/or Airborne campaigns

Model-based validation? Direct assimilation of trace gas products

(e.g. CAMS) CAMS re-analysis


Summary

• EUMETSAT will operate a number of Sentinel missions and

monitor and evolve their products during the operational

phase

• Many opportunities for the development of synergistic

products with EUMETSAT missions

• Many synergies in (cross-)calibration / validation activities

Documents

EUMETSAT Contributions to the Sentinel Missions for ...ceos.org › document_management › Virtual_Constellations...2 CEOS AC-VC Meeting #15, Nakano Sunplaza, Tokyo, 10-12 June 2019