Europe between the Europe between the warswars

HiperinflationHiperinflation

4 forms of government4 forms of government

DemocraticDemocraticAuthoritarianAuthoritarianTotalitarianTotalitarianColonialColonialMost of Europe is left politically, Most of Europe is left politically,

economically and socially unstable economically and socially unstable after WWI. The result is emergence of after WWI. The result is emergence of radical left or right wing ideologies, radical left or right wing ideologies, which overcome the fragile emerging which overcome the fragile emerging democracy.democracy.

Russia – USSRRussia – USSR

Nov. 7, 1917 – Revolution Nov. 7, 1917 – Revolution brings the Bolshevik party brings the Bolshevik party to power. to power.

1918 – 1920 – Civil war, 1918 – 1920 – Civil war, war communism.war communism.

1920 - Russo – Polish war1920 - Russo – Polish war 1921 - Russia takes over 1921 - Russia takes over

Mongolia and GeorgiaMongolia and Georgia 1922 – USSR established1922 – USSR established Treaty of Genoa – USSR is Treaty of Genoa – USSR is

recognized by Germanyrecognized by Germany

Lenin’s conclusionsLenin’s conclusions

Imperialism is the highest and last stage in the development of Imperialism is the highest and last stage in the development of Capitalism.Capitalism.

Imperialism is the prelude to a proletarian revolution.Imperialism is the prelude to a proletarian revolution. The revolution will be worldwide and lead to the creation of a The revolution will be worldwide and lead to the creation of a

world soviet republic.world soviet republic. The revolution will be lead by the vanguard – the Communist The revolution will be lead by the vanguard – the Communist

partyparty The social democrats have fulfilled their historical role and have The social democrats have fulfilled their historical role and have

become servants of the bourgeoisie and therefore enemy of the become servants of the bourgeoisie and therefore enemy of the revolution. revolution.

1921 – 1926 – NEP – an attempt to attract foreign capital and 1921 – 1926 – NEP – an attempt to attract foreign capital and grow the economy by introducing controlled capitalist elements.grow the economy by introducing controlled capitalist elements.

Jan. 1924 – Lenin died. Stalin takes power and moves towards Jan. 1924 – Lenin died. Stalin takes power and moves towards complete control of the government over the economy – complete control of the government over the economy – socialism.socialism.

Results of VersaillesResults of Versailles Germany lost 11% of population, 13% of territory, 75% of iron Germany lost 11% of population, 13% of territory, 75% of iron

deposits, 26% of coal deposits, 25% of steel factories.deposits, 26% of coal deposits, 25% of steel factories. 1921 – reparations finalized – 132bln DM in gold. 52% go to 1921 – reparations finalized – 132bln DM in gold. 52% go to

France, 22% to Britain, 10% to Italy, 8% to Belgium, 8% the France, 22% to Britain, 10% to Italy, 8% to Belgium, 8% the restrest

Dec. 1922 – Germany runs out of money.Dec. 1922 – Germany runs out of money. Jan. 11, 1923 – France and Belgium declare war on Germany Jan. 11, 1923 – France and Belgium declare war on Germany

without consulting the League of Nations and occupy Ruhr without consulting the League of Nations and occupy Ruhr province of Germany. German gov-t calls for passive province of Germany. German gov-t calls for passive resistance. Workers quit their jobs in occupied areas. resistance. Workers quit their jobs in occupied areas.

1923 – hyperinflation in Germany, Hungary, Turkey and 1923 – hyperinflation in Germany, Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria. Jan. 2 -$1=7260DM. Nov. 15 $1=4,200,000,000,000 Bulgaria. Jan. 2 -$1=7260DM. Nov. 15 $1=4,200,000,000,000 DM. Results – Right wing coup in BG in June, a workers-DM. Results – Right wing coup in BG in June, a workers-peasant revolt in BG in September, Beer Putsch in November, peasant revolt in BG in September, Beer Putsch in November, revolution in Turkey, right wing gov-t in Hungary.revolution in Turkey, right wing gov-t in Hungary.

Dawes plan (1924) and Treaty of Locarno (1925)Dawes plan (1924) and Treaty of Locarno (1925)