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Europe
Current News and Weather Population and Settlement Beyond the Demographic Transition Religious Tension Geopolitical FrameworkResponse Papers due Today!For Next Class: Read Chapter 9Reminder: Exam III on April 3!
Slow growth
Complicated and problematic migration patterns
Very high level of urbanization• Industrial core
area
Population and Settlement
Low (or No) Natural Growth
Pro-Growth Policies
• Concerns about aging population– Labor shortages– Smaller internal markets– Declining tax revenues– Social services
• Measures– Bans on abortion and the sale of contraceptives– Pro-growth policies (e.g., paid leave for both parents, cash
subsidies, extensive child care)
Group Assignments
Why is there a need to add a Stage V to the Demographic Transition Model?What are the reasons for decline in total fertility rates?How is the ethnic composition of European countries changing?
Demographic Transition Model
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The Demographic Transition
Possible Reasons for Decline in Fertility Rates
Western EuropeIncreased access to and availability of birth controlWomen in the workforce
Eastern EuropeWomen in the workforceOverall decline in socioeconomic conditions in many countriesHousing shortage and crowded living conditionsUncertainty about the future – jobs, wages, food, and housing is scarce
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• Within Europe– Economic reasons– Refugees
• To Europe– Legal and illegal– Former colonies
Migration
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Schengen Agreement
Schengen Border Roma Mobility and Discrimination
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Guest Workers and Fortress Europe
Figure 8.2.1
Illegal migrants approachingthe Canary Islands
Czech Republic border station to Germany
Figure 8.16
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Cultural MosaicsFigure 8.20
• Linguistic Diversity
Figure 8.21Albania: Ethnic tension
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Cultural Mosaics
Figure 8.22
• Religious Diversity• Tension and violence
Figure 8.24Northern Ireland
Religious Tension in N. Ireland
Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain• 42% of the population is Roman Catholic• 54% of the population is Protestant
Catholics feel like they have been discriminated against by the Protestant majority and have been treated as second-class citizens• Catholics seek stronger tie to Republic of Ireland• Protestants have forged even stronger ties to the U.K.
Unfortunately, 4,000 deaths since the 1960s
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Geopolitical Framework
• Dense fabric of independent states
• Micro and ethnic nationalism
Figure 8.27
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Europe – The Balkans
Figure 8.31
• Complex mixture• Balkanization
Figure 8.32Kosovar refugees
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The EU and Economic Integration
Figure 8.36