Europe during the Renaissance?

Map book pages 90-91Copy and answer the following questions!

1.Define the Renaissance.2.Where did it begin?3.What were the scholars rediscovering?4.Who funded (paid for) art?5.What family controlled Florence, Italy?6.What was Florence? (pg 91)7.What invention allowed the spread of ideas in Europe?

What was the Renaissance?What was the Renaissance, and where did it begin?

•Italy

•Italian Cities

•Urban Societies

•Major Trading Centers

•Rebirth of culture focused on the Secular (World)

•Moved away from life in the church

•Focuses more on material objects and enjoying life

http://www.history.com/topics/black-death

Europe after the Middle Ages

Florence, ItalyFinancial Center of the Renaissance

The Renaissance was a time of renewal

•Renaissance means “rebirth” in Europe after recovering from the Dark ages, the plague, and lose of faith in

the Catholic Church people rediscovered Greek and Roman art,

science, and philosophy

•People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings.

•The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and

literature

How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance?

• Increased demand for Middle Eastern products

• Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets

• Encouraged the use of credit and banking• Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy.

• Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade.

• New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced.

Major Italian CitiesItaly failed to become united during the Ages.

Many independent city-states emerged in northern and central Italy that played an important role in Italian

politics and art.

MilanMilan VeniceVenice

FlorenceFlorence

Milan

One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps.

Venice

Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world.

Florence

Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts.

Genoa

Genoa

Had Access to Trade Routes

All of these cities:

Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets

• Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe

• Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

Renaissance Man• New Discoveries

• Humanism and Education

• Shift in Social Order

• Ancient Philosophers:– Socrates–Plato–Aristotle

Renaissance Man• “Belief that a well-educated person knows a little about

everything”• Deep knowledge/skill in one area.• Men who had curiosity about the world, science, art, architecture

and wanted to earn a living plus believed it was their civic duty to educate and change the world

• The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

Why were there so many Renaissance men during the Renaissance?

o Lack of boundaries between disciplineso Curiosity about the world

How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the Italian Renaissance?

Describes the school of philosophical, intellectual, and literary thought from 1400-1650:

•Emphasis on human freedom and responsibility;•Return to the pagan classics;•Reliance on God and faith weakened;

• Fortuna (chance) replaces Providence (God’s direction).• The world as it is becomes an end rather than a preparation

for Heaven

•Celebrated the individual

•Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture

•Was supported by wealthy patrons

The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature.

Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy.

Education became increasingly secular.

Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation

Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

Renaissance Artists embraced some of the ideals of Greece and Rome in their art

•They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion, Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form - HUMANISM

•New Techniques also emerged

•Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings

•Architecture reached new heights of design such as St. Peter’s Basilica

Michelangelo Buonarroti - Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the most inspired men who

ever lived. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9owI8k7x1E

David

Michelangelo created

his masterpiece David in

1504.

Michelangelo was

funded by the

Medici Family of Florence.

Sistine ChapelAbout a year after

creating David, Pope Julius II summoned

Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine

Chapel.

Creation of Eve Creation of Adam

Separation of Light and Darkness

The Last Judgment

St. Peter’s

• Architect for St. Peter’s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEE3B8Fsuc0

La Pieta 1499Marble Sculpture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gILlQMP-t_A

Moses Received funding from Pope Leo X

Legacy• World’s greatest sculptor

– Saw the figure inside the stone and remove excess

• Painter• Poet• Architect• Engineer

1452-1519

Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer, Scientist

Genius!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur3Jd2AWBG0

Early Life• Madonna of the Rocks

– Geometrical arrangement of figures

– Foreshortening– Background

treatments– Artists live on

commissions

Milan• Last Supper

– Used new fresco method

– Built into the room's end• Light from the side

with the window• Door cut below

• During WWII a bomb hit the monastery

• Destroyed by erosion

Last Supper

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iV6_wTrkd70

“Among all the studies and reasoning, Light chiefly delights the beholder; and among the great features of mathematics the certainty of its demonstrations is what preeminently tends to elevate the mind of the investigator. Perspective, therefore must be preferred to all the discourses and systems of human learning.”

– Leonardo da Vinci

Mona Lisa• The greatness of

the Mona Lisa– What do you see?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IitbJszd1kM

Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??

"'Those [artists] who are enamored of practice without science,' Leonardo explained, 'are like sailors who board a ship without rudder and compass, never having any certainty as to whither they go.'"

– Isacoff, Stuart, Temperament, Vintage Books, 2001, p. 85.

Notebooks• Coded

– Read R L with a mirror

• Scientific illustration– Used science to support

art

Military

Aeronautics

Anatomy

Technology

• Machines• Hydraulics• Vehicles on land• Architecture• Scientific method

“Those sciences are vain and filled with errors which are not borne of

experiment, the mother of all certainty.”

Leonardo da Vinci

Legacy

• Only 17 paintings• Notebooks• Drawings of unfinished works• Diverted rivers to prevent

flooding• Principles of turbine• Cartography• Submarine• Flying machine• Parachute• …And much more….

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMf8hFBJylA

Big Idea Question of the Day:Respond in complete sentences 4+

What impact did Gutenberg Printing Press have on education, language, and religion in Europe and around the world?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qexDBgWM2X8 (Take Notes)

• Johannes Gutenberg -Invented the movable type printing press -1450AD

• Printing Press helped disseminate ideas, the production and sale of books allowed education to flourish

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1vl2j24Mtk

Northern Renaissance

• Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.

• Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.

• Gutenberg’s Printing Press (1450 AD) helps distribute books, ideas, and increases literacy.

Northern Renaissance writers

• Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511)

• Sir Thomas More—Utopia (1516)

•Machiavelli – The Prince (1532)

Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects.

Erasmus Dutch humanist

Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible

“I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated . . . As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it”

Wrote the “The Praise of Folly”

Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy.

He felt people should be open minded and be kind to others.

Sir Thomas More English Humanist

Wrote: Utopia - A book about a perfect society

Believed men and women live in harmony. No private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peSpUDMcGR8

Bell Ringer – Page 55Read - The Prince

by Niccolo Machiavelli

Write and Answer the Thinking Critically Questions 1-2

Can read with a partner, but must do own work

Niccolò Machiavelli

Political Ideas of the Renaissance

Wrote “The Prince” – A book about rulers using absolute power

Machiavelli believed:

“ The means justifies the end”

“One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit”

Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule.

He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience.

Niccolò Machiavelli –

Father of Modern Politics

• Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved• Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making

• Ruler keeps power by any means necessary• The end justifies the means

• Be good when possible, and evil when necessary

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44DNBRL4nR8

Effects of the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution Communal knowledge

possible Scientists could form

distant communities Page numbering and

indexes invented and used Standardization in form

and spelling Reading moves from

communal to private activity;

Authorship becomes more important and profitable. Who wrote it becomes

important Early copyright and

intellectual property laws established

Decline of Latin and move towards vernacular language use Contributed to growing

nationalism

Renaissance Music

Basic structure

• Words dominate• Tone painting

Texture

• Middle ages:– Monophonic

• Renaissance:– Polyphonic

• Late Renaissance:– Homophonic

• Harmonies based upon Pythagoras

PetrarchSonnets, humanist

scholarshipFrancesco Petrarch

1304-1374

Assembled Greek and Roman writings.

Wrote

Sonnets to Laura,

love poems in the Vernacular

Musical Notation

• Invented to publish books of music• Invented instruments• Instrumental arrangements appeared

Religious Music

• Natural sounding music

• Mass• Composer’s

music had to be screened

Giovanni Palestrina

• Adult life in Rome– Choirmaster, singer,/ director of

music

• Reactionary period– Church suppressed music that did

not enhance words of the Mass– Polyphony was distracting

• Works were conservative

Giovanni Palestrina

• Wrote over 100 masses– Gregorian chant– Mass in Honor of Pope Marcellus

• Influenced later music• Buried in St. Peter’s Basilica

– “The Prince of Music”

Secular Music

• New instruments• Chansons favored in the court

– Courtly Love

• Madrigals– Poetry and Music

Dances

• As important as music• First considered a separate form of

art• Some courts had dance masters

– “balli”

Bibliography

Images from:

Corbis.com

Web Gallary of Artwww.wga.hu

New Discoveries

The Age of Exploration

The Ottoman Empire

• Global Effects:– Led to the Age of

Imperialism, where European powers dominated the planet

– Indigenous people in North and South America and Africa were enslaved and exploited;

Effects

Communal knowledge possible Scientists could form

distant communities Page numbering and

indexes invented and used Standardization in form

and spelling Reading moves from

communal to private activity;

Authorship becomes more important and profitable. Who wrote it becomes

important Early copyright and

intellectual property laws established

Decline of Latin and move towards vernacular language use Contributed to growing

nationalism

Science: Copernicus

Ptolemy vs. Copernicus