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EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
European Marine Infrastructures: European Marine Infrastructures: Perspectives Perspectives
for Marine and Earth Sciences for Marine and Earth Sciences
(1) Istituto Naz. di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy
(2) European Science Foundation
(3) IFREMER, France
(4) Universiteit van Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Paolo Favali (1), Laura Beranzoli (1), Paul Egerton (2), Pierre Yves Le Traon (3) & Wouter Los (4)
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
ESFRIESFRI acts on issues related to the development of high scientific quality European research infrastructures. ESFRI ESFRI gives national authorities the opportunity to exchange news and to explore common and integrated initiatives for the best development and use of research infrastructures of European relevance
ESFRIESFRI mission is to support a coherent and strategy-led approach to policy-making on new and existing pan-European and global research infrastructures
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
Roadmap 2008 Roadmap 2008 ((44 Projects)44 Projects)
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
4444Total*(*10 new projects in the Roadmap 2008 with respect to 2006)
1e-Infrastructures 8Physical Sciences & Engineering6Materials & Analytical Facilities
10Biological & Medical Sciences4Energy
10Environmental Sciences5Social Sciences & Humanities
N. projectsScientific fieldsRoadmap 2008Roadmap 2008
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
DefinitionsDefinitions• European Research Infrastructures (ERI) can
adopt either a single site (SI) or a multiple site structure according to their specific characteristics and mission
• An ERI structured with multiple site is defined as “Distributed Infrastructure” (DI)
• Each ERI has a unique legal status, management structure, strategy and development plan
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Environmental SciencesEnvironmental SciencesThe Environmental Sciences need a wide range of research infrastructures that involve complex systems and human interactions
Measurements range across Physics, Chemistry, Biology & Geosciences in the domains of Atmosphere, Solid Earth, Biodiversity and Climate Change
Measurements and monitoring are required from: - fixed platforms (e.g., ground-based radar, land and seafloorobservatories)
- mobile platforms (e.g., research ships and aircraft, satellites,buoys)
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htm
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Environmental SciencesEnvironmental SciencesMarine Infrastructures in Preparatory Phase
AURORA BOREALIS (SI) European Research Icebreaker Consortium
EURO-ARGO (DI) Global Ocean Observing Infrastructure
LIFEWATCH (DI) e-Science and technology infrastructure forbiodiversity data and observatories
EMSO (DI) European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory
Related Infrastructures(Roadmap 2008 new entries, calls open in 2009)
EPOS (DI) European Plate Observing System
SIOS (SI) Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System
http://cordis.europa.eu/esfri/roadmap.htmSI = Single InfrastructureDI = Distributed Infrastructure
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Preparatory Phase (2007-2012): 10 Countries (15 Partners)in ERICON - European Research Icebreaker Consortium
AURORA BOREALIS
http://www.eri-aurora-borealis.eu/
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Funded by:
AURORAAURORA BOREALISBOREALIS
Towards a European strategy for enhancing research engagement in the Arctic
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
March 2008 Keynote paper Javier Solana to Council of the European Union onClimate Change and International security
Outlines the Climate Induced ‘Threats’ andProposes enhanced Capacities of the EU level
EU multilateral leadershipto promote global climate Security
Policy Relevance of the Arctic
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
AURORA BOREALISAURORA BOREALISAs a European Mobile Pan Arctic Observing platform from Seabed to Atmosphere (Holistic integration of Climate, Geo-science, Bio-systems) Pan-Arctic Observing system
ERICON is preparing the strategic, scientific, legal and financial frameworks for implementation
Weight: 50,000 tonsLength: 200 mDrilling capability: 100-5000 m
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Environmental Environmental MonitoringMonitoring
Climate ForcingClimate ForcingLife response to Life response to
changeschanges
Modelling and Modelling and forecastforecast
Past climate evolutionPast climate evolution
Understanding CHANGESPolar research and the properties of northern and southern high latitude oceans are subjects of intense scientific and environmental attention, since the Polar regions react more rapidly and intensely to global changes than other regions of the Earth
Aurora Borealis allows to carry over the study of climatic changes into the main topics which are required for understanding them
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EUROPICS will coordinate the European input to international ice coring initiatives in both the Greenland and the Antarctic under the umbrella of the European Polar Board
European ice coring and drilling infrastructures
The main objective of ANDRILL is to drill back in time for understanding of how fast, how large, and how frequent were glacial and interglacial changes in the Antarctica region
EUROANDRILL will continue its focus on Antarctica but is also considering the potentialities of this platform for drilling activities in the Arctic region
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Svalbard Integrated Arctic Observing System
International existing and planned polar networks
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
SIOS
Contribution to other ESFRI Infrastructures
COPAL
EURO-ARGO
EMSO
LIFEWATCHICOS
EPOS
SIOS
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Preparatory Phase (2008-2010): 12 Countries (15 Partners)
EURO-ARGOGlobal Ocean Observing Infrastructure
http://www.euro-argo.eu/
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
The EURO-ARGO array is the European component of a world wide in situ global ocean observing system ARGO, based on autonomousprofiling floats
The ARGO objective is to develop a global array of floats (spaced 300 km apart, on average) throughout the ice-free areas of the deep ocean. (3,000 floats are estimated to reach this objective).
Europe contributes to ARGO with about 250 floats per year includingregional enhancements in Nordic, Mediterranean & Black Seas
EURO-ARGO
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Autonomous profiling floats
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EURO- ARGO Objectives• Deploy, operate and maintain the array
- Coordinate operations at sea: logistics, ships, instruments
• Data management- Quality control to exacting climate standards
• Facilitate data access to the scientific community- Elaborate data products and synthesis (climatology, indicators on state of the global environment)- European excellence and expertise in climate research
• Technological developments- New sensors, new platforms, data transmission, upgrades- With European SME’s
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Maintaining the array for the next decades is the challenge for ARGO. This isessential for climate and operational oceanography applications
(GMES Marine Core Service)
The Background ARGO: the first global in-situ ocean observing system
> 3000 robotic floats worlwide for temperature and salinity down to 2000 m
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Mapping of deep currents Sea level rise and steric effect
T and S large scale variations
Change in ocean heat content (W/m²) (2003-2007) derived from ARGO data
ARGO contribution to Climate change research
Heat content and global warming
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Operational monitoring systemsMarine Core Service (MCS)
Combining in-situ and satellite data with models to deliver regular and systematic reference information on the state of the oceans and regional seas
ARGO is an essential/critical component of GMES MCS
Physical state of the ocean, and primary ecosystemFor global ocean, and main European basins and seasLarge and basin scale, mesoscale physicsHindcast, Nowcast, ForecastData, Assimilation and Models
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
http://www.lifewatch.eu/
Science and technology infrastructure for biodiversity data and observatories
Preparatory Phase (2008-2011): 19 Countries (19 Partners), 8 Networks
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
ALTERNett - A Long-Term Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Awareness Research Network
8 Networks8 Networks
MARBEF-NoE - MARine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
EUR-OCEANS - European Network of Excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis
Marine Genomics
BioCASE - Biological Collection Access Services
EDIT - European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy
ENBI - European Network for Biodiversity Information
SYNTHESIS – Synthesis of systematic resources
LifeWatch is aninitiative of 8
cooperating European scientific networks in
the realm of biodiversity research
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
The big questions in biodiversity research
Scale
Ecosystems
Species
DNA, proteins
and genes
Time andevolution
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Even more pressing questions
Biodiversity loss, added to climate change, requires entirely new approaches and mitigation strategies
We need forecasts, and measure future changes of the biodiversity system
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Infrastructure
Observatories anddata providers
Data access & interoperability
Analytical andModeling tools
Applications
Genomics data
Species-level data
Ecosystem data
data functions
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EDIT Network of Excellence European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy
• Infrastructure of (marine) collections
• Cybertaxonomydevelopment
• All taxa biodiversity inventories
• Training
http://www.e-taxonomy.eu/
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EUR-OCEANSEuropean Network of Excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis
Global change and pelagic marine ecosystems
• Sharing facilities• Observing systems• Database network• Global Ocean and Earth system
modeling
http://www.eur-oceans.eu/
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
MARBEF Network of Excellence Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning• Pooling of marine
reference and focal sites• Access of resources• Specialist training• Integration of information
systems
http://www.marbef.org/
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Marine Genomics Network of Excellence
• High throughput genomics• Development of a common
infrastructure• Training & Education
http://www.marine-genomics-europe.org/
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
http://www.esonet-emso.org/emso/
Preparatory Phase (2008-2012): 12 Countries (12 Partners)
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EMSO is an European-scale network of seafloor observatories (cabled & acoustically linked), constituting a widely distributed infrastructure for long-term monitoring of environmental processes related to ecosystem life and evolution, global changes and geo-hazards
ArcticArcticNorwegian Margin Norwegian Margin
PorcupinePorcupine
AzoresAzoresBlack SeaBlack Sea
HellenicHellenic
Ligurian SeaLigurian Sea
Iberian MarginIberian Margin Eastern SicilyEastern Sicily
Nordic SeaNordic Sea
Marmara Marmara
In the EC-FP7 EMSO
Preparatory Phasestarted in April 2008 for 4 years, with the aim to design and
create the legal entity in charge of managing
the infrastructure
EMSOEMSO 11 network nodes
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
FP6FP6--ESONETESONETEuropean Seas Observatory NETworkEuropean Seas Observatory NETwork
Concerted Action (2002-2004)Network of Excellence (2007-2011)
Major aims:
• Selection of “Key-sites”
• Integration of the scientific/technological “Observatory Science” Community
http://www.esonet-emso.org/esonet-noe/
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
ESONET/EMSOESONET/EMSO
Scientific Scientific ObjectivesObjectives
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
ScientificScientific payloadpayload usedused in in seafloorseafloor observatoriesobservatories• Geophysical sensors:
• Broad-band three comp. seismometer• Three comp. accelerometer• Magnetometers (vectorial & scalar) • Gravity meter• Hydrophones (geophysical & bio-acoustic applications) • Pressure sensors (absolute & differential pressure gauges) • Tiltmeter + Gyro
• Physical Oceanographic sensors:• ADCP (acoustic doppler current profiler)• Single-point three comp. current meter • CTD (conductivity, temperature vs depth)• Transmissometer & Turbidity meter • Nuclear spectrometer
• Geochemical sensors:• Gas sensors (e.g., H2S, CH4, O2 )• Automatic chemical analyser (pH, eH) • Automatic water sampler (48 bottles, off-line)
UniqueUnique time time referencereferenceHigh precision clock(stability 10-9 ÷ 10-11)
Favali et al., 2006b; Favali & Beranzoli, 2006; 2009b
GEOSTARGEOSTAR
MODUSMODUS
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
MACHO (Taiwan)
Worldwide Seafloor Network projects
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EMSOEMSO will benefit of the on-going ESONET demonstration missions and S&T activities to progress towards “permanent” installations
Mainly:
Geo-Hazards
Climate change & Ecosystem
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EMSO Iberian Margin site EMSO Iberian Margin site Acoustically linked observatoryAcoustically linked observatory
NEARESTNEAREST EC Project (2006EC Project (2006--2009)2009)IIntegrated observation from ntegrated observation from NEARNEAR shore shore sourcsourcESES of of TTsunamis: towards an early warning system sunamis: towards an early warning system
GEOSTARGEOSTAR
Gulf of Cadiz 85 km off-shore 3200 m w.d.
Portugal
N-E Atlantic
((http:// http:// nearest.bo.ismar.cnr.itnearest.bo.ismar.cnr.it/)/)APG (raw data)
SISM
ACC
ML=4.7 Gulf of Cadiz (Jan. 11, 2008)
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Optical sensors
Electronic vessels
EMSO Eastern Sicily nodeNEMONEMO--SN1SN1
The 1st real-time cabled seafloor observatory in EUROPE
INGVINGV
Favali et al, 2006a; Migneco et al., 2006
Mw=8.6 off-shore Sumatra (March 28, 2005)
Z
N
E
Synergies between 2 ESFRIESFRI Infrastructures: KM3NET/EMSOKM3NET/EMSO
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND ERESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND E--SCIENCE SCIENCE FOR DATA AND OBSERVATORIES ON FOR DATA AND OBSERVATORIES ON
EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOES, SURFACE DYNAMICS SURFACE DYNAMICS
AND TECTONICSAND TECTONICS
www.epos-eu.org
Seismic Hazard Map
Partnership: 13 Countries & 2 International Organisations
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EPOS aims to create a single sustainable, permanent and distributed infrastructure, integrating:
• geophysical monitoring networks• local observatories (including permanent
in-situ and volcano observatories) • experimental laboratories in Europe
EPOS will give open access to geophysical and geological data and modelling tools, enabling a step change in multidisciplinary scientific research into areas, including seismic and volcanic hazards, environmental changes as well as energy and long-term sustainability that result in benefits to society
What is EPOS ?
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
EMSO: Ocean observation infrastructure
Satellite observation infrastructure
European Plate Observing SystemUse
rIn
terfa
ce
Permanent Networks(NERIES)
Temporarydeployments
In-situobservatories
Volcanoobservatories
Labs Rock Mechanics
Computationalfacilities
Lab AnalogueModelling
Infrastructure concept
……..
……..Data mining,archives
Ocean Bottom Seismometers – EMSO
Marine Geophysics (tsunami hazard, volcanology……
Space Observations DInSar – GMES….
Volcano Ash Dispersal.GEOSS……..
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System
(SIOS)
Partnership: 11 Countries (20 Partners)
http://www.forskningsradet.no/sios/
SIOS
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
The goal of SIOS
Establish an Arctic Earth Observing System in and around Svalbard that integrates the studies of geophysical, chemical and biological processes from all research and monitoring platforms
SIOS is an opportunity for Europe to establish the central node in the global monitoring of the High Arctic
SIOS
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Why Svalbard: Unique qualifications• Excellent
opportunities for studies of ecosystem changes
• Well positioned to observe and analyse the changing Arctic ice cover
• Well positioned to study the energy balance in the atmosphere
• The location provides for dense satellite monitoring
SIOS
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Why SIOS?
• Environmental and climate related challenges require an Earth System approach
• Observation systems have not been developed with the same systematic approach as Earth System modeling
• SIOS will secure the heritage of IPY and further develop the data series of the High Arctic
• The marine side is in common with EMSO (Arctic node, Hausgarten)
SIOS
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
European Research Infrastructures are fundamental tools for Earth & Environmental Sciences
To strengthen the links and the coordination among S&T activities of the different infrastructures assures a higher quality and societal impact of the expected achievements
This increases the competitiveness of ERA and provides valuable “answers” to end-users and policy decision-makers
Perspectives
EGU 2009 EG2 – Large Scale Array Networks Instrumentation and Data Infrastructure – Wien, April 23
Thank you Thank you for your attentionfor your attention
Paolo Favali & Laura Beranzoli: [email protected] Egerton: [email protected]
Pierre Yves Le Traon: [email protected] Los: [email protected]