EUROPEANS AND NATIVE

AMERICANS

Concept I.2.iii

Religion, gender roles, family,

land use, and power

III. In their interactions,

Europeans and Native

Americans asserted

divergent worldviews

regarding issues such as

religion, gender roles,

family, land use, and

power.

George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Religion, gender roles, family,

land use, and power

Religion, gender roles, family,

land use, and power

Pocahontas

Religion, gender roles, family,

land use, and power

Diego Rivera Indian

Warrior (1931).

An Aztec warrior

wearing the costume of

a jaguar stabs an

armored conquistador

in the throat with a

stone knife. The

Spaniard’s steel

blade—an emblem of

European claims to

superiority—lies broken

nearby. Jaguar knights,

Spanish

conquistadors

of the 16th

century.

Winfield

Coleman. As

interpreted by

the National

Museum of the

American

Indian.

Spanish

Arrived 1492

Columbus, Ponce de Leon, Hernan de Soto, Hernan Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Francisco Coronado

Haciendas/Encomiendas

Catholic

Missions—suppressed Indian religious practice but transformed Catholic practices as well

Our Lady of GuadalupeSt. Geronimo de los Taos Mission,

New Mexico

Spanish Empire building

Colonial establishment larger than English (Florida to California to Tierra del Fuego)

Built cities and universities (Mexico City, Lima)

Lasted longer than English

Blended culture, rather than shunning/isolating Indians

Spanish Abuses/ Indian Perceptions

Aztecs, Incas

Battle of Acoma (1599). Spanish vs. Pueblo

The Spanish severed one foot of each survivor.

Created province of New Mexico (1609).

Sante Fe—Roman Catholic mission.

Pope’s Rebellion (1680)—Pueblo rebels destroyed every Catholic church in the province and killed 20 priests and hundreds of Spanish settlers. Indians rebuilt a kiva on the ruins of Santa Fe. It took nearly 50 years for the Spanish to fully reclaim New Mexico

“Black Legend”: This false concept held that the conquerors merely tortured and butchered the Indians (“killing for Christ”), stole their gold, infected them with smallpox, and left misery.

British

Jamestown

Motive for settlement was economic

Virginia Company of London, then royal colony

Tobacco

Anglican Church

Appointed governor, justices of the peace

House of Burgesses (elected by landowning men)

Conflicts between social classes

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Influence throughout New England

Puritan Leader John Winthrop

— “City Upon a Hill”

--America as an ideal

Significant British/Native American Conflicts

Pequot War (British) 1637

Bacon’s Rebellion (British) 1676—does this count??

King Phillip’s War (British) 1675-6

French

Jacques Cartier, Samuel

Champlain

Quebec—fur-trading

post

Jesuit missionaries

Feudal?

West Indies sugar

plantations