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Geopolitics Def – Taking land for strategic location Ex. – Russia – Crimea (access to Black
Sea) Ex. Oil in Persia, Arabian Peninsula
Ottoman Empire Steady decline 300
yrs Weak Sultans Corruption Inflation 1830’s – Greek
Independent Serbia Balkans
Crimean War (1854-1856) Britain and France
joined Ottomans Russians Lose Ottomans still weak and
losing land Russians aided Slavic
people in Independence
Great Game War Waged over India Britain and Russia Afghanistan – Center of
Struggle 1881 – GB withdrew from Afg. 1921 – GB not beyond Khyber
Pass Soviets – Nonaggression pact
with Afg. 1979 – Soviets invaded Afg.
Egypt Muhammad Ali –
Broke away from Ottomans
1831 – Gained control of Syria and Arabia
Reforms in military and economics
Cash crop – Cotton Instead of food crops
Suez Canal Isma’il – Construction of Connect Red Sea and Mediterranean Built w/ French $ Opened in 1869 – Still in debt Could not
pay British insist to take over canal 1882 – British Occupy Egypt
Persia Russia and GB compete for Persian ruler started to allow businesses to
buy right to operate in certain areas Ex. Anglo-Persian Oil Co. Rich oil Fields in
Persia Tobacco in Persia
1890 – Persian ruler sold concession to export tobacco
Tobacco Boycott – Unrest 1907 – Russia and GB took and divided into
Spheres of Influence
British East India Company Ruled India Own Army – British and Sepoys India – “Jewel in the crown”
Must produce raw materials Must buy British goods No Indian competition with British goods Railroads helped Goods – Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, jute, opium
Impact on India (Bad) British held political and economic power British restricted Indian-owned industries Cash crop – Hurt self-sufficiency
Reduce food production Famine
Racism threatened way of life
Impact on India (Good) 3rd largest RR India = modern economy Road network Telephone lines, dams, bridges, etc. Sanitation and public health Schools and colleges
Sepoy Mutiny 1857 – Indians rebel Cartridges with beef and pork fat Hindus
(cows sacred), Muslims (don’t eat pork) Did not accept cartridges Put in jail
rebelled marched to Delhi Captured city Spread
Took Brit E. Ind Co. 1 year to recover
Hindus and Muslims split Hindus preferred British rule to Muslim rule 1858 – British took direct control of India Raj – British Rule over India from 1757-
1947