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Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice Ocean Prediction System over the Grand Banks using ship based Doppler sonar velocity measurements L. Zedel 1 , J. Xu 2 , F. Davidson 2 (Yanan Wang) 1. Memorial University of Newfoundland 2. Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

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Page 1: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice Ocean 

Prediction System over the Grand Banks using ship based Doppler sonar velocity measurements

L. Zedel1, J. Xu2, F. Davidson2

(Yanan Wang)1. Memorial University of Newfoundland2. Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Page 2: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

Motivation

• There is a need for oceanographic data to calibrate and validate ocean models

• In many areas of the ocean, such data is sparse or not available

• Seismic surveys collect water velocity measurements  using Doppler sonar

• Critically, seismic surveys take place where operational ocean models could be of significant future value

• Can Doppler sonar velocity profiles be used to validate ocean models?

Page 3: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

-50 0 50 100-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

X (km)

Y (k

m)

Ship Track

The Seismic Survey

67 Days of data32,000 km2 area surveyed12,000 km ship track

Water depth range from 100 m to 3000 m

Ship track includes many repeat passes of the same area

Chevron 2011 North Grand Banks seismic surveyJune 12 to August 17, 2011

Longitude ( E)

Latit

ude

( E)

-55 -50 -4546

48

50

52

54

70 80 90-10

0

10

20

East (km)

Nor

th (k

m)

Page 4: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

ADCP DataNortek AWAC 600 kHz located at 8 m depth

Instrument was configured

1 m depth cells40 depth cells  (9 m – 49 m)Average over 20 seconds

Elapsed Time (days)

Dep

th (m

)

Recorded Speed (m/s)

19.6 19.8 20 20.2 20.4

10

15

20

25

30

0

0.5

1

24 hour example of AWAC data

Data is clearly meaningless beyond depth of 15 m

Velocity < 15 depth is uniform … mixed layer

Page 5: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

ADCP DataData were averaged in time and depth

All data in 8 – 15 m  depth interval were averaged together (essentially creating a mixed layer velocity estimate)

Data were further low‐pass filtered with 20 minute cut‐off

19.5 20 20.5

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Elapsed Time (days)

Vel x (m

/s)

Depth Averaged DataFiltered Data

Page 6: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

-2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

Displacement East (m)D

ispl

acem

ent N

orth

(m)

Surface Velocity Along Ship Track

10 cm/s

ADCP DataA common problem with ship mounted ADCP is that some fraction of the ship speed appears as a bias error in the water velocity measurements

𝑉 𝑉 𝛽 𝑆 𝛼 𝑇

Where:𝑉 is the measured velocity of water𝑉 is the true velocity of water𝑆 is the ship velocity 𝑇 has magnitude  𝑆 directed across the ship track𝛼 and 𝛽 are scaling factors

Page 7: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

ADCP Data

Comparison of speeds is actually not so bad, maybe there is hope

𝛼 is not significantly different from 0.

𝛽 is just different from 0 (but not by much). (I have not applied this correction).

1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Ship Speed (m/s)

,

= -0.008 +/- 0.022 = -0.026 +/- 0.027

70 80 90-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

East (km)

Nor

th (k

m)

Page 8: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

Model DataThe Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational Network of Coupled Environmental Prediction Systems (CONCEPTS) 

GIOPS 10 day forecast based on NEMO version 3.1 and CICE version 4.0.

Global ¼ degree resolution and 50 vertical levels

• Full model data was made available every three hours

Data and model compared by selecting model data that follows  survey ship.

-2000 -1500 -1000 -500 0 500 1000-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

Displacement East (m)

Dis

plac

emen

t Nor

th (m

)

Surface Velocity Along Ship Track

10 cm/s

Page 9: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140

50

100

150

Distance (km)

Occ

urre

nces

ComparisonADCP data was filtered with a 3 hour low pass filter and sampled every three hours to match model output

Model data for comparison was selected based on closest model grid point to nominal sample location NO INTERPOLATION

Typical distance between model data and ADCP is 8 km (maximum is < 14 km).

Page 10: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

Time Series ComparisonModel output was averaged over 8 –16 m depth to match ADCP.  All data low‐pass filtered with 48 hour cut‐off

I was gobsmacked by this figure!

“I didn’t think it would work” Fraser Davidson,  2014.

(Time series takes moving ADCP data and matches to nearest available model data position)

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

U (m

/s)

0 20 40 60 80 100-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

time (days)

V (m

/s)

ModelADCP

Low Frequencies

Page 11: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

2 – day low pass filterVector plotted every 2 days

East (km)

Nor

th (k

m)

Spatial Structure

0.2 m/sGrand Banks

Flemish Cap

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150 ADCPModel

Time Series Comparison

Model resolution

Page 12: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

Inf 20.0 10.0 6.7 5.0 0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Period (hours)

Vyy

(m2 /s

2 hou

r)

16 hour inertial period(spectral analysis from ADCP data)

Time Series ComparisonFiltered data with 3‐48 hour pass‐band

“Oscillation” is real inertial currentcaptured by model!

High Frequencies

20 25 30 35

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Daily Sample

time (days)

V (m

/s)

ModelADCP

Sometimes it’s really good

Other times not so good

Page 13: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

25 June 2011 The weather steadily improved during the day with very good conditions present by the end of the reporting period. This good weather was utilized in a line change in the afternoon to address problem areas at the very front of STR3 and STR7 that could only be repaired in good weather conditions. Currents have been increasingly noticeable in the past several days. Currents were present over one knot for extended periods during the day which slowed the acquisition rate somewhat.

From Survey Ship Logs

PREDICTABLE currents caused disruption to seismic data acquisition!

Page 14: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

-200 0 200 400 600 800-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

010

20

30

40

50

60

010

20

3040

5060

X-Displacement (km)

Y-D

ispl

acem

ent (

km)

ADCPModel

100 120 140 160

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

20

20

X-Displacement (km)

Y-D

ispl

acem

ent (

km)

ADCPModel

Drift Track Comparison

For some reason, model falls behind at between days 40 and 50

3‐hour samples just captures inertial oscillations

Entire Data Set

Expanded Segment

Model resolution

Page 15: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 30

10

20

30

40

Time (days)

Sep

arat

ion

(km

)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800

10

20

30

40

Displacement (km)

Sep

arat

ion

(km

)

Drift Track Comparison

Drift track separation dependence on time

Drift track separation dependence on displacement

RMS drift track separation is 8 km after 1 day

(RMS separation of tracks from adjacent model grid points  after  1 day is 4 km) 

Page 16: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

Conclusions• Seismic survey ADCP provides quality data• Comparison with ocean prediction model is 

“better than expected”: Captures overall low frequency structures High frequency captures inertial 

oscillations• Drift track separation 8 km in 1 day• Huge potential if deeper profiles available• Yes, ADCP (from seismic surveys) can be used 

to validate ocean models

Page 17: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

AcknowledgmentThis research project was undertaken with the financial assistance of Petroleum Research Newfoundland and Labrador;

Data necessary for this project has been graciously donated by Chevron Canada Resources.

Zedel, L., Y. Wang, F. Davidson, J. Xu (2018) Comparing ADCP data collected during a seismic survey off the coast of Newfoundland with analysis data from the CONCEPTS operational ocean model, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:2, 100‐111. DOI 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1465337

Page 18: Evaluating the performance of the CONCEPTS Global Ice ...brigus.physics.mun.ca/~zedel/Ocean_Predict_2019.pdf · The Global Ice‐Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS) Canadian Operational

Questions

Jinshan

Fraser

Len