EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF FIVE CURCUMA SPECIES

7/27/2019 EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF FIVE CURCUMA SPECIES .

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Rajani Kanta Sahu et al. IRJP 2011, 2 (12), 243-248

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY, 2(12), 2011

INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ISSN 2230 8407

Available onlinewww.irjponline.com Research Article

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF

FIVE CURCUMA SPECIES

Gayatri Nahak and Rajani Kanta Sahu*

B.J.B Autonomous College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

Article Received on: 14/10/11 Revised on: 25/11/11 Approved for publication: 09/12/11

*Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The Zingiberaceae, the largest family in the Zingiberales, comprises nearly 50 genera and 1,000 species and is pantropical, concentrated mainly in the old world, chiefly in Indo-

malaysia. Members of the family yield spices, dyes, perfumes, medicines and a number of ornamental species are cultivated for their showy flowers. Recently this plant has

cquired great importance in the present-day world with its antiaging, anticancer, anti-alzheimers diseases, antioxidant, and a variety of other medicinal properties due to its

ignificant potential. The present study aims at comparing the antioxidant activity of five Curcuma species namely Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria,Curcuma angustifolia,

Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma amada based on their curcumin and phenol content. In our studyingC.longa exhibited the highest antioxidant activity 74.610.02% at IC50

value 24g/ml followed byC.zedoaria (63.270.06%), C.angustifolia (58.350.06%), C.aromatica (55.380.06%) and C.amada (52.610.02%). Antioxidant activity in four

pecies except C.angustifoliahas strong correlation with curcumin and phenol content. However C.angustifoliamay be active due to high aromatic oil content like eugenol,

almitic and camphor etc. The natural oxides of curcuma species can be explained in the field of pharmaceutical areas for their uses in modern health care as phytoprotectants.

KEY WORDS:Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, Curcumaangustifolia,Curcuma aromatica, Curcuma amada, Antioxidant activity, Phenol content.

NTRODUCTIONZingiberaceae family constitutes a vital group of rhizomatous

medicinal and aromatic plants characterized by the presence ofvolatile oils and oleoresins of export value. Generally, the rhizomesand fruits are aromatic, tonic and stimulant; occasionally they are

nutritive. Some are used as food as they contain starch in largequantities while others yield an astringent and diaphoretic juice. Themportant genera coming under Zingiberaceae is Curcuma. Turmeric

s a medicinal plant extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddhamedicine as home remedy for various diseases

4,13. C.longa L.,

botanically related to ginger (Zingiberaceae family), is a perennial

plant having a short stem with large oblong leaves and bears ovate,pyri form or oblong rhizomes, which are often branched andbrownish yellow in colour. It also is used as a food additive (spice),

preservative and colouring agent in Asian countries, including Chinaand South East Asia. It is also considered as auspicious and is a partof religious rituals. In old Hindu medicine, it is extensively used for

he treatment of sprains and swelling caused by injury. In recentimes, traditional Indian medicine uses turmeric powder for thereatment of biliary disorders, anorexia, coryza, cough, diabetic

wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism and sinusitis5. In India,

adies anoint their bodies with turmeric paste, which is considered tobe an antiseptic. Purseglove36,37 states that it is a condiment and apice among the rice eating peoples of South East Asia and

ndochina. Turmeric dyes is used in combination with some alkalieso colour silk and cotton. It is also used in several countries as a

colouring material in pharmacy, confectionery and food industries. Its an essential and sacred ingredient of all social, cultural andeligious functions and rites in India, especially in the South51.

Aiyar1, Kirtikar and Basu

27, Watt

55, Haines

18and Holtumn

20describe

he various uses of Curcuma. Purseglove36,37

also gives a limitedaccount of its uses. The medicinal properties of turmeric are

nnumerable and very ancient. Kirtikar and Basu27

state that thehizome is very pungent, bitter, healing, laxative, anthelmentic,

vulnerary, tonic, alexeteric and emollient. It is used as a medicine in

various kapha and vata diseases of blood. In Comboidia it is used asa tonic and antipyretic. In China it is used as a stimulant, aspirant,

carminative, cordeal, emmenagogue, astringent, detergent, diureticand matrient. It is used in Unani systems in treating, jaundice,cabies and bruises. On the whole it is used in the treatment of

bronchitis, dropsy, vertigo, skin diseases, liver infections, burns,

boils, elephantiasis, sprains, hysteric effects, fevers, swellings,

chronic gonorrhoea, bruises, small pox, chicken pox, scorpion snakeand leech bites, congestions, scabies, dyspepsia, ring worm, etc.

C.aromatica Salisb yields arrow root. Quite recently C.longa isproved to contain a chemical constituent called turmerin which isanticarcinogenic, antipyretic and antiallergic. The importance of

turmeric has significantly increased due to its usefulness aspesticide, fungicide and bactericide

51.

Curcuma longa Linn. syn. Curcuma domestica Valeton. is a

perennial herb, 60-90cm in height, with a short stem and tufts oferect leaves. Rhizome is cylindric, ovoid, orange coloured andbranched. Leaves are simple, very large, petiole as long as the blade,

oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the base up to 45cm long. Flowers arepale yellow, arranged in spikes concealed by the sheathing petiolesand flowering bracts are pale green51. The botanical description is

also done by Gamble15

, Kirtikar and Basu27

, Sivarajan andBalachandran

40 and Thakur

46. C.longa contains curcumin, alkaloid

and an essential oil. Dry rhizomes of C.longayield 5.8% essential

oil. A ketone and an alcohol are obtained from the volatile distillate.Fresh rhizomes yield 0.24% oil containing Zingiberine

11. The

colouring principle of turmeric is the main component of this plant

and is responsible for the antiinflammatory property. Curcumin(diferuloylmethane), the main yellow bioactive component ofturmeric has been shown to have a wide spectrum of biologicalactions. These include its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,

anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, anticoagulant, antifertility,antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral,

antifibrotic, antivenom, antiulcer, hypotensive andhypocholesteremic activities

45,21,51. Its antiinflammatory, anticancer

and antioxidant roles may be clinically exploited to control

rheumatism, carcinogenesis and oxidative stress-relatedpathogenesis. The successive extraction of C.longawith petroleumether, alcohol and distilled water yielded extracts when administered

on 1-7 days of pregnancy at dose levels of 100and 200mg/kg havebeen found to exhibit significant anti-fertility activity

14.

Curcuma aromatica Salisb. is a perennial tuberous herb with

annulate, aromatic yellow rhizome which is internally orange-red incolour. Leaves are elliptic or lanceolate-oblong, caudate-acuminate,

30-60cm long, petioles as long or even longer, bracts ovate,recurved, more or less tinged with red or pink. Flowers are pink, lipyellow, obovate, deflexed, sub-entire or obscurely three lobed. Fruitsare dehiscent, globose, 3-valved capsules51. The plant is also

described by Gamble15

and Kirtikar and Basu27

. Rhizomes yield


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6.1% essential oil11

. Essential oil contains a-and b-curcumene, d-camphene and p-methoxy cinnamic acid. The colouring matter iscurcumin. Rhizomes are used in combination with astringents andaromatics for bruises, sprains, hiccough, bronchitis, cough,

eucoderma and skin eruptions51

. The rhizomes have an agreeablefragrant smell and yield a yellow colouring matter like turmeric, andhe fresh root has a camphoraceous odour. The dried rhizome is used

as a carminative and aromatic adjunctant to other medicines32

. Oil isused for treatment of early stage of cervix cancer3. Verghese49

established the use of mango-ginger as an exotic flavourant.Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Rosc. syn. C.zerumbet Roxb; AmomumzedoariaChristm. has 4 -6 leaves with 20-60cm long lamina. The

eaf lamina is oblong-lanceolate, finely acuminate and glabrous onboth the surfaces. Flower stalk is 20-25cm long, emerging before theeaves. Flowers are yellow, while the flowering bract is green tinged

with red. Calyx is 8mm long, corolla tube is twice as long as the

calyx. Capsule is ovoid, trigonous, thin smooth and burstingrregularly. Tubers are palmately branched and camphoraceous46.

The botanical description of the plant is also given by Sivarajan andBalachandrann

40. The medicinal uses of C.zedoaria were

ummarized from various sources by Duke12

as antipyretic,aromatic, carminative, demulcent, expectorant, stomachic, stimulant,and tonic. A decoction of rhizomes along with long pepper,cinnamon, and honey is said to be beneficial for colds, fevers,

bronchitis, and coughs. Rhizomes are used in medicines given towomen after childbirth

46. It is an odoriferous ingredient of the

cosmetics used for the chronic skin diseases caused by impure or

deranged blood32

.Curcuma angustifolia (Zingiberaceae) is an attractive ginger withtout underground rhizomes which is also recognized as East Indian

arrowroot. In early spring the flowers are produced before theeaves. Very colorful bracts make this a showy species. Thenflorences lasts in full bloom on the plants for about three weeks

and more. Leaves grow to about 2ft tall and die down in autumn.This species is found in the Eastern Himalays and inhabits brightopen hillsides woods7. Rhizomes are dried and powdered, and the

tarch obtained forms the chief source of Indian arrowroot. It isnutritive and is used as an agreeable, non-irritating diet in certainchronic diseases, during convalescence from fevers, in irritations of

he alimentary canal, pulmonary organs, or of the urinary apparatusand also used in consumption, excessive thirst, jaundice, kidneydisorder, and fattening the body38. The rhizomes are used innflammation, bone fracture, intestinal diseases, etc. by the tribales

of Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh states of India23

.

Curcuma amadaRoxb. is a rhizomatous aromatic herb with a leafy

uft and 60-90cm in height. Leaves are long, petiolate, oblong-

anceolate, tapering at both ends, glabrous and green on both sides.Flowers are white or pale yellow, arranged in spikes in the centre of

uft of the leaves. Lip is semi-elliptic, yellow, 3-lobbed with the midobe emarginate

51. The plant is also described by Gamble

15and

Kirtikar and Basu27.The rhizomes of this plant are useful in vitiated

conditions of pitta, anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, bruises,wounds, chronic ulcers, skin diseases, pruritus, fever, constipations,trangury, hiccough, cough, bronchitis, sprains, gout, halitosis,

otalgia and inflammations51

. The fresh root possesses the smell ofgreen mango and hence the name mango ginger. The rhizomes areused externally in the form of paste as an application for bruises and

kin diseases generally combined with other medicines. Tubersubbed with the leaf-juice of Caesalpinia bonduc is given for

worms32. Rhizome is also used in applications over contusions andprains

11.

Free radicals were a major interest for early physicists andadiologists and much later, the free radicals were found to be a

product of normal metabolisms. Today, it is well known that radicals

cause molecular transformations and gene mutations that curcuminand other antioxidant products from the dried rhizome of turmericmay be useful in the prevention or treatment of some age-relateddegenerative processes31. This study was undertaken to verify the

variation of total curcumin contents and antioxidant activity inturmeric rhizomes collected from different villages of Koraputdistrict of Odisha.

MATERIALS AND METHODSPlant MaterialsThe rhizomes of five curcuma species i.e. Curcuma longa, Curcumazedoaria, Curcumaangustifolia,Curcuma aromaticaand Curcumaamadaof family Zingiberaceae were collected from the local tribal

people of Jeypore, Baipariguda, Sasahandi, Koraput, Orissa. Freshrhizomes were rinsed severally with clean tap water to make it dustand debris free. Then they were dried in the shady condition for 3to4days until they become moisture free. Dried rhizomes were ground

in electric chopper to get fine powder form for further use.

Preparation of plant extractsThe dried and powdered form of rhizomes of curcuma species (each50g) were extracted successively with ethanol (each 400ml.) for 10-

12 hrs, using a Soxhlet apparatus. Then collected solutions werefiltered through Whatman No-1 filter paper. The extracts wereevaporated to dryness under reduced pressure at 90

0C by Rotary

vacuum evaporator to obtain the respective extracts and stored in a

freeze condition at 180C until used for further analysis.

Phenolic EstimationThe total phenol content of plant extracts were determined by using

Folin-Ciocalteu Spectrophotometric method according to the methoddescribed

26. Reading samples on a UV-vis spectrophotometer at 650

nm. Results were expressed as Catechol equivalents (mg/mg).

Estimation of Curcumin ContentsCurcumin contents were determined from rhizomes of five Curcumaspecies i.e. Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, Curcuma

angustifolia, Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma amada by solventextraction and spectrophotometer method

39.

Antioxidative activityThe evaluation of radical scavenging activity (antioxidant activity)was conducted by the method of (Brand-Williams et al.

8 with

modifications. The following concentrations of extracts were

prepared 40g/mL, 80g/mL, 120g/mL, 160g/mL and 200g/mL.A stock solution of the sample (100mg/ml) was diluted for 5concentrations. Each concentration was tested in triplicate. Theportion of sample solution (0.5ml) was mixed with 3.0ml of 0.1mM1,1-Diphenyl-2-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, in 95% distilled ethanol)and allowed to stand at room temperature for 30 minute under light

protection. The absorbance was measured at 517nm.The scavenging

activity of the samples at corresponded intensity of quenchingDPPH. Lower the absorbance of the reaction mixture indicates

higher free radical scavenging activity. The different in absorbancebetween the test and the control (DPPH in ethanol) was calculatedand expressed as (%) scavenging of DPPH radical. The capability to

scavenge the DPPH radical was calculated by using the followingequation.Scavenging effect (%) = (1-As/Ac) 100

As is the absorbance of the sample at t =0 min.Ac is the absorbance of the control at t=30 min.In the DPPH test, antioxidants were typically characterized by their

IC50value (Inhibition Concentration of Sample required to scavenge50% of DPPH radicals). The results were obtained by linear

regression analysis of the dose response curve plotted using %inhibition and concentration.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONInitially crude extracts were obtained through the extraction process

using ethanol as solvent and the amount of extracts yields C.longa


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3.35gm), C.aromatica (2.56gm), C.zedoaria (2.67gm), C.amada2.20gm) and C.angusifolia(2.62gm) respectively. The variation in

yield may be due to the polarity of the solvents used in the extractionprocess (Table-2). A medicinal herb can be viewed as a synthetic

aboratory as it produces and contains a number chemicalcompounds. These compounds are responsible for medicinalactivities are secondary metabolites. Qualitative analysis of five

curcuma species reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponins,flavonoids, phenols, curcumin and anthraquinones (Table-1). The

otal phenolics in the extracts were determinedpectrophotometrically by the Folin-ciocalteu method and the results

were reported as Catechol equivalents (mg/g). The highest

concentration of total phenol was 285mg/g present in the ethanolicextract of C.longa rhizome followed by C.zedoaria (205mg/ml),C.aromatica(195mg/ml), C.angusifolia (110mg/ml) and

C.amada(50mg/ml) respectively. The total phenolic content varied

ignificantly between the five species of Curcuma.The unique properties of the spice are attributable to the essential oiland curcuminoid components present therein. Curcumin possessexcellent antioxidant properties. It is reported to be more potent in

preventing lipid peroxidation than alpha-tocopherol, pine barkextract, grape seed extract or the commonly used syntheticantioxidant BHT

28,44. A complex of the three curcuminoids was

found to be more effective as an antioxidant than each of the

components-curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, orbisdemethoxycurcumin-used alone. The results obtained from theseix curcuma species from Table-2 showed that the curcumin content

n C.longa exhibited the highest i.e. 8.22(mg/100mg) followed byC.zedoaria 7.35(mg/100mg), C.aromatica 6.07(mg/100mg) andC.amada1.54(mg/100mg) respectively where as C.angusifoliaverynegligible amount of curcumin. Curcumin content is reported to varyfrom one species to another. Several studies have shown that soilfactors, including nutrients and level acidity as well as the genus

diversity, may affect the content of curcumin in plants10,16

. Similaresults are obtained by Chavalittumrong and Jirawattanapon (1992)

who studied variation in the active constituents of C.domestica

hizomes collected from Nakhon Pathom, Central Thailand, wherehey found the highest curcumin content was 10.12% w/w. In

addition35, reported that a sample from the South contained the

highest total curcumin (8.990.83%w/w), while the lowest wasfound in the North (4.801.83%w/w) where the climate is cooler andhe dry period is longer and more pronounced. The significance ofurmeric in medicine has increased considerably with the discovery

of the antioxidant properties of naturally occurring phenoliccompounds present therein. Curcumin exhibits strong antioxidant

activity6,17,4142,48

. In DPPH assay, DPPH is a stable free radical with

purple color. The antioxidants scavenge DPPH radical by donatinghydrogen atoms leading to a non-radical with yellow color.Table-3

and Fig-2 show the results of the free radical (DPPH) scavengingactivity in (%) inhibition in all five Curcuma species. The resultevealed that the ethanolic fraction of C.longarhizome exhibited the

highest radical scavenging activity with 74.610.02% followedC.zedoaria (63.270.06%) C.angusifolia (58.350.06%), C.aromatic (55.380.06%) and C.amada(52.610.02%) respectively.

Antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay reportedwith IC50value is shown in the (Table-2). The lower the IC50 is thehigher the antioxidant activity of the compound. The result showed

he lowest IC50value in ethanolic extract of C.longa which is veryclose to ascorbic acid i.e. 24g/ml followed by C. zedoaria

40g/ml),C. angusifolia (100g/ml), C.aromatica (120g/ml) andC.amada (121g/ml) respectively. Similar results are observed inC.longa by Ungphaiboon et al.

47 and showed strong activity. The

antioxidant principle of turmeric as reported by Hirasa and

Takemasa19

includes curcumin, 4-hydroxy cinnmoyl (feruloyl)

methane, and Bis (4-hydroxy cinnamoyl) methame which shows50% inhibhitory concentrations and IC50values of these compounds

were lower than that of -tocopherol meaning that they are moreeffective antioxidants. Noguchi et al.

33 reported that curcumin

reacted with stable radicals such as galvinoxyl andN,N-diphenyl-l-picryl hydrazyl, suggestingthat it can serve as a hydrogen donor andis a strong antioxidant as compared to eugenol.Song et al.43reported

free radical scavenging and hepato-protective activity of turmericrhizomes in in vitro system, and the activity was much better than

that of ascorbic acid. The mechanism of antioxidative activity ofcurcumin has been reported by Masuda et al.

30. He found that

curcumin formed dimers as radical termination products especially

at 2-position of curcumin molecule andoxidative coupling reactionat 3-position

29. Watanabe and Fukai

52,53 have reported that

curcumin suppresses the oxidative stress by scavenging various freeradicals andits antioxidative activity seems to be derived from its

suppressive effects. Asai and Miyazawa2 showed that phenolic

yellowish pigments of turmeric display antioxidative activity in ratswhileOkada et al.34in his study on induced oxidative renal damagein male mice showed that curcuminis an effective protectant against

oxidative stress. Curcumin, having antioxidative property, may actas anticancer agent, but also inhibits the regulatory enzymes andexhibits anticarcinogenic action. A peculiar thing is noticeable incase of C.angustifoliacrude extract which contain a very negligible

amount of curcumin content but having good antioxidant potential incomparison to C.aromaticaand C.amada. It may be due to presenceof more than 30 components from the fresh and dried rhizome oils

of C.angustifoliaof Vietnamese origin in which camphor (12.6 and12.1%) and curzerenone (>57 and 38%) are the major constituents

55.

It is interesting to note that a significant amount of methyl eugenol(10.5%), -muurolene (1.9%), pentadecanoic acid (1.8%), (E,E)-farnesyl acetone (1.3%) and n-heptyl salicylate (1.1%) are presentin the oil of C.angustifolia. Apart from the above, Nguyen et al.56

also reported furanodienone and isofuranodienone from the driedrhizome of C.angustifoliaRoxb.We observed a correlation between the DPPH radical scavenging

activity of the plant extracts and their phenol contents with thesample correlation coefficient R

2= 0.861. A significant correlation is

also seen between curcumin content and antioxidant activity of these

Curcuma species with correlation coefficient R2= 0.735(Fig-3). The

results showed that the antioxidant activity in turmeric was due tothe presence of total phenol content. Consequently the antioxidantactivity of plant extracts are often explained with respect to theirtotal curcumin content

16,25.In a study by Majeed

28, the free-radical

scavenging ability of various curcuminoids were evaluated using the

DPPH (1.1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method.

The results indicated that curcuminoids neutralize free radicals in adose-dependent manner. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) was the most

effective, followed by curcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. It issuggested that the antioxidant mechanism of curcuminoids mayinclude one or more of the following interactions: (1) scavenging or

neutralizing of free radicals, (2) interacting with oxidative cascadeand preventing its outcome, (3) oxygen quenching and making it lessavailable for oxidative reactions, (4) inhibition of oxidative enzymes

like cytochrome P-450, and (5) chelating or disarming oxidativeproperties of metal ions like iron (Fe). Masuda et al.

29investigated

the antioxidant mechanism of curcumin against peroxide radicals in

the presence of ethyl linoleate as one of the polyunsaturated lipids.They found that during the antioxidation process, curcumin reacted

with four types of linoleate peroxyl radicals to yield six reactionproducts. On the basis of the formation pathway for their chemicalstructures, an antioxidant mechanism of curcumin inpolyunsaturated lipids was proposed, which involved an oxidative

coupling reaction at the 3-position of the curcumin with the lipid


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and a subsequent intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction. Theignificance of turmeric in medicine has increased considerably withhe discovery of the antioxidant properties of naturally occurring

phenolic compounds present therein. Curcumin exhibits strong

antioxidant activity6,17,22,41,42,48

.

CONCLUSIONOver all observation indicates the presence of free radical

cavenging activity in all species (>50%), however Curcuma longaand C.zedoariaare superior to the other three species. The activity

could be attributed to superior reducing power of both phenol andcurcumin content. Moderate antioxidant activity is possible due to95% oil contents having major constituents camphor, curzerenone,

methyl eugenol, -muurolene, pentadecanoic acid, (E,E)-farnesylacetone and n-heptyl salicylate. The results indicate the highermedicinal use of C.longa and C.zedoaria due to its richphytochemical contents.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe authors are thankful to University Grants Commission NewDelhi, for Financial Assistance in form of major research project toone of the author (R.K.S) we are also thankful to Head of the

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Table-1: Preliminary Phytochemical screening of Five Curcuma Species

Phytoconstituents C.longa C.aromatica C.zedoaria C.angustifolia C.amada

Alkaloids + + + + +

Carbohydrates + + + + +

Glycosides --- --- --- --- ---

Terpinoid --- --- --- --- ---

Protein & Amino acids + + + + +

Fixed oils & fats --- --- --- --- ---

Tannins --- --- --- --- ---

Saponins + + + + +

Steroids (Phytosterols) --- --- --- --- ---

Flavonoids + + + + +

Phenols + + + + +

Curcumin + + + + +

Reducing sugar --- --- --- --- ---

Anthraquinones + + + + +

+ = Denotes Present and -- = Denotes Absent

Table-2: Crude extracts, Phenol content, IC50Values, Curcumin content and Colour of Rhizomes ofCurcuma Species

C.longa C.aromatica C.zedoaria C.angustifolia C.amada

Crude extracts(gm) 3.35 2.56 2.67 2.62 2.20

Phenol content(mg/ml) 285 205 195 110 50

IC50Values(g/ml) 24 120 40 100 121

Curcumin content

(mg/100mg)

8.22 7.35 6.07 ------ 1.54

Colour of Rhizomes Yellow Creamy yellow Creamy

yellow

White Creamy yellow

Table-3: DPPH scavenging activity ofFive Curcuma Species

Conc.of extracts(g/ml)

Antioxidant activity (%)

C.longa C.zedoaria C.angustifolia C.aromatica C.amada

40 67.690.04 52.110.07 45.520.03 44.610.06 47.690.04

80 69.230.05 54.450.04 48.610.02 47.610.03 49.230.05

120 70.760.04 58.000.06 52.000.08 50.000.07 50.760.04

160 72.300.03 61.070.01 56.070.07 53.070.02 51.300.03

200 74.610.02 63.270.05 58.350.04 55.380.06 52.610.02

Figure-1: Photograph showing morphology of different Curcuma Species


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Figure-2: DPPH scavenging activity of Five Curcuma Species in comparison to standard Ascorbic acid

Figure-3: Correlation between Phenol content, Curcumin content and Antioxidant activity of Five Curcuma Species

Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared

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EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF FIVE CURCUMA SPECIES