Evaluation of Law Enforcement Presence on Changing Drivers’ Behaviors – Red Light Running

Evaluation of Law Enforcement Presence on Changing Drivers Behaviors Red Light RunningInternational Traffic Records Forum July 2003

Funding & ParticipantsFunding Joint Transportation Research Program Purdue UniversityCo-PIs - Andrzej Tarko Civil Engineering, Purdue University - Robert Zahnke Center for the Advancement of Transportation Safety (CATS), Purdue University- Maria Drake- Clifford Stover- Jose Thomaz- John Ragan- Carolyn Bridge

Project ObjectivesAssessment of presence/seriousness of RLREffectiveness of a media campaignDevelopment of enforcement model

ApproachesCivil EngineeringRandom Telephone SurveyLongitudinal Survey of Single intersection24/7 video monitoring

CATSLiterature ReviewCross-Section Observational monitoringCrash/citation dataMedia/law enforcement

Center for the Advancement of Transportation Safety (CATS) Selection of intersectionsObservational survey protocolsSurvey schedulesResultsMedia/enforcement effortsCrash/citation correlationConclusionsRecommendations for the future

Selection of IntersectionsCompiling the inventoryCategorizing sites into bucketsCriteria/attributesSpeed limitTraffic volumeRoadway configuration & intersection designNumber of lanesTurn lanes

Observational Survey ProtocolsData capturedDate/observation time5-minute pre/post count (traffic volume)Direction of vehicleVehicle typeGender/race/approximate age

Observation Form

OB-Form

Site Observation Form for Intersection #_________

Observer___________________________________Date______________________________________________

Street 1____________________________________Beginning Time_____________________________________

Street 2_____________________________________Day_______________________________________________

VehDriverRaceAgePassengerNotes

M FW A OY A OM FN E S WN E S WN E S W

























CODES:

VEH:COMM. CODES:DRIVER:RACE:AGE:DIRECTION:

C=Car1=Comm. Pickup/Van/CarM=MaleW=WhiteY=Young(65)S=South

X=Full Size Van4=School BusW=West

Z=SUV

MC=Motorcycle; (MP=Moped)

TOTALS:

Cars_______Pickup_______Mini-van_______Full Size Van__________SUV_______MC__________MP____________

Comm Pickup___________1 to 5 Ton______________Semi-Tractor_______________ School Bus____________

Veh Count # 1_________

Veh Count # 2_________

Sheet2

Sheet3

Observational Survey SchedulesAll days of the weekDaylight hoursEarly morning rush hourMid MorningLunchMid AfternoonEvening RushEvening

Number of RLRs by Type of Vehicle Maneuver

Left Turn

Right Turn

Straight

Percentage

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Type of Turn

Number of RLR Violations by Traffic Volume

Number of RLRs per 45-Minute Observation Period by Observation Starting Time

Chart4

2

5

2

3.1428571429

5

3.5714285714

3.3846153846

2.6

2

3.4

1

4.2352941176

24.8181818182

3.25

2

4.3571428571

1.5

4.25

2.5714285714

3.2857142857

1

1

17.8571428571

2

3.8666666667

1.75

Starting Time

Number of RLR Observations per Visit

Number of RLR per 45 minute observation

Sheet1

TimeRLR/45mins

60023

6305

6502

70034

7055

7304

90033

9303

100022

10303

10501

1100415

113025

120033

12102

12304

130023

13304

140033

150032

15151

162017

163018

16552

170044

200022

TimeAverage RLR /visit

6003

7004

9003

10002

110015

12003

13003

14003

15002

16007

17004

20002

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Starting Time



Sheet2

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Time of Day in 1 hour ranges

Average Number of RLR Observed

Average number of RLR for a 45 minute observation

Sheet3

Number of RLRs by Driver Gender and Age Group

Number of RLRs by Driver Race

Collapsing the Data

Vehicle Maneuver by Vehicle Type

Distribution of Intersection Crashes by Time of Day in Lafayette and West Lafayette, 1995-1999

Distribution of RLR Crashes by Time of Day in Lafayette & West Lafayette, 1995-1999

Distribution of RLR

Chart2

3

3.9047619048

2.9923076923

2.1333333333

14.5267379679

3.2023809524

2.875

3

2.1428571429

6.9523809524

4

2




Sheet1

TimeRLR/45mins

60023

6305

6502

70034

7055

7304

90033

9303

100022

10303

10501

1100415

113025

120033

12102

12304

130023

13304

140033

150032

15151

162017

163018

16552

170044

200022

TimeAverage RLR /visit

6003

7004

9003

10002

110015

12003

13003

14003

15002

16007

17004

20002

Sheet1

Starting Time



Sheet2




Sheet3

Signalized Intersection Crashes in Lafayette and West Lafayette in 1999

Total signaled inters. crashes

Signalized Intersection Crashes in Lafayette

TIME OF CRASHSUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAYTOTAL

12:00am-6:29am520155523

6:30am-9:00am4858138349

9:00am-10:59am591371514568

11:00am-12:59pm11111011248883

1:00pm-2:59pm91315121420891

3:00pm-4:59pm10191615142413111

5:00pm-6:29pm351181213961

6:30pm-11:59pm1520232321248134

Unknown00000011

TOTAL6287938511811660621

Signalized Intersection Crashes in West Lafayette


12:00am-6:29am501134418

6:30am-9:00am044431117

9:00am-10:59am192133221

11:00am-12:59pm654768137

1:00pm-2:59pm661568436

3:00pm-4:59pm3658561245

5:00pm-6:29pm639535132

6:30pm-11:59pm751468131164

Unknown10211218

TOTAL35384238385037278

disregarded signal

1999 RLR - disregarded signal - Signaled intersection crashes in Lafayette / West Lafayette, Tippecanoe

CITY OF CRASH LAFAYETTE

DAY OF WEEKTOTAL

1. SUNDAY2. MONDAY3. TUESDAY4. WEDNESDAY5. THURSDAY6. FRIDAY7. SATURDAY

TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am320123213

2 6:30-9am431353221

3 9-11am133266223

4 11am-12:59pm354461124

5 1-2:59pm264115221

6 3-5pm032424217

7 5:00-6:30pm102341112

8 6:31-12:00am5711536239

TOTAL19292723292914170

CITY OF CRASH WEST LAFAYETTE

DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am10011104

2 6:30-9am01020014

3 9-11am11000002

4 11am-12:59pm321202010

5 1-2:59pm30000003

6 3-5pm00001113

7 5:00-6:30pm00000101

8 6:31-12:00am122113010

TOTAL963638237

PERCENTAGES

CITY OF CRASH: LAFAYETTE

DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am60.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%40.0%60.0%40.0%56.5%

2 6:30-9am100.0%37.5%20.0%37.5%38.5%37.5%66.7%42.9%

3 9-11am20.0%33.3%23.1%28.6%40.0%42.9%40.0%33.8%

4 11am-12:59pm27.3%45.5%40.0%36.4%25.0%12.5%12.5%28.9%

5 1-2:59pm22.2%46.2%26.7%8.3%7.1%25.0%25.0%23.1%

6 3-5pm0.0%15.8%12.5%26.7%14.3%16.7%15.4%15.3%

7 5:00-6:30pm33.3%0.0%18.2%37.5%33.3%7.7%11.1%19.7%

8 6:31-12:00am33.3%35.0%47.8%21.7%14.3%25.0%25.0%29.1%

TOTAL30.6%33.3%29.0%27.1%24.6%25.0%23.3%27.4%

CITY OF CRASH: WEST LAFAYETTE

DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am20.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%33.3%25.0%0.0%22.2%

2 6:30-9am0.0%25.0%0.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%23.5%

3 9-11am100.0%11.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%9.5%

4 11am-12:59pm50.0%40.0%25.0%28.6%0.0%25.0%0.0%27.0%

5 1-2:59pm50.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%8.3%

6 3-5pm0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%16.7%8.3%6.7%

7 5:00-6:30pm0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%0.0%3.1%

8 6:31-12:00am14.3%40.0%14.3%16.7%12.5%23.1%0.0%15.6%

TOTAL25.7%15.8%7.1%15.8%7.9%16.0%5.4%13.3%

disregarded + failure to yield

1999 RLR - disregarded signal & failure to yeld- Signaled intersection crashes in Lafayette / West Lafayette, Tippecanoe


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


########

TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am420135419

2 6:30-9am461695233

3 9-11am5573109443

4 11am-12:59pm4747154546

5 1-2:59pm3973811445

6 3-5pm2567911646

7 5:00-6:30pm216776332

8 6:31-12:00am8131911912476

UNK00000000

TOTAL32485045706332340


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


########

TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am20011105

2 6:30-9am02330019

3 9-11am11000013

4 11am-12:59pm421224116

5 1-2:59pm310311110

6 3-5pm222351419

7 5:00-6:30pm21121209

8 6:31-12:00am527325327

UNK00201014

TOTAL19111617131412102

percentages


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am80.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%60.0%100.0%80.0%82.6%

2 6:30-9am100.0%75.0%20.0%75.0%69.2%62.5%66.7%67.3%

3 9-11am100.0%55.6%53.8%42.9%66.7%64.3%80.0%63.2%

4 11am-12:59pm36.4%63.6%40.0%63.6%62.5%50.0%62.5%55.4%

5 1-2:59pm33.3%69.2%46.7%25.0%57.1%55.0%50.0%49.5%

6 3-5pm20.0%26.3%37.5%46.7%64.3%45.8%46.2%41.4%

7 5:00-6:30pm66.7%20.0%54.5%87.5%58.3%46.2%33.3%52.5%

8 6:31-12:00am53.3%65.0%82.6%47.8%42.9%50.0%50.0%56.7%

UNK0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

TOTAL51.6%55.2%53.8%52.9%59.3%54.3%53.3%54.8%


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am40.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%33.3%25.0%0.0%27.8%

2 6:30-9am0.0%50.0%75.0%75.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%52.9%

3 9-11am100.0%11.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%50.0%14.3%

4 11am-12:59pm66.7%40.0%25.0%28.6%33.3%50.0%100.0%43.2%

5 1-2:59pm50.0%16.7%0.0%60.0%16.7%12.5%25.0%27.8%

6 3-5pm66.7%33.3%40.0%37.5%100.0%16.7%33.3%42.2%

7 5:00-6:30pm33.3%33.3%11.1%40.0%33.3%40.0%0.0%28.1%

8 6:31-12:00am71.4%40.0%50.0%50.0%25.0%38.5%27.3%42.2%

UNK0.0%0.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%50.0%

TOTAL54.3%28.9%38.1%44.7%34.2%28.0%32.4%36.7%

Distribution of Intersection Crashes by Day of Week in Lafayette and West Lafayette, 1995-1999

Percentage of Signalized Intersection Crashes Due to RLR in Lafayette and West Lafayette in 1999

Total signaled inters. crashes

1999 Signaled intersection crashes in Lafayette / West Lafayette, Tippecanoe


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


########

TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am520155523

2 6:30-9am4858138349

3 9-11am591371514568

4 11am-12:59pm11111011248883

5 1-2:59pm91315121420891

6 3-5pm10191615142413111

7 5:00-6:30pm351181213961

8 6:31-12:00am1520232321248134

UNK00000011

TOTAL6287938511811660621


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


########

TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am501134418

2 6:30-9am044431117

3 9-11am192133221

4 11am-12:59pm654768137

5 1-2:59pm661568436

6 3-5pm3658561245

7 5:00-6:30pm639535132

8 6:31-12:00am751468131164

UNK10211218

TOTAL35384238385037278

Sheet4

Signalized Intersection Crashes in Lafayette


12:00am-6:29am60.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%40.0%60.0%40.0%56.5%

6:30am-9:00am100.0%37.5%20.0%37.5%38.5%37.5%66.7%42.9%

9:00am-10:59am20.0%33.3%23.1%28.6%40.0%42.9%40.0%33.8%

11:00am-12:59pm27.3%45.5%40.0%36.4%25.0%12.5%12.5%28.9%

1:00pm-2:59pm22.2%46.2%26.7%8.3%7.1%25.0%25.0%23.1%

3:00pm-4:59pm0.0%15.8%12.5%26.7%14.3%16.7%15.4%15.3%

5:00pm-6:29pm33.3%0.0%18.2%37.5%33.3%7.7%11.1%19.7%

6:30pm-11:59pm33.3%35.0%47.8%21.7%14.3%25.0%25.0%29.1%

TOTAL30.6%33.3%29.0%27.1%24.6%25.0%23.3%27.4%

Signalized Intersection Crashes in West Lafayette


12:00am-6:29am20.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%33.3%25.0%0.0%22.2%

6:30am-9:00am0.0%25.0%0.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%23.5%

9:00am-10:59am100.0%11.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%9.5%

11:00am-12:59pm50.0%40.0%25.0%28.6%0.0%25.0%0.0%27.0%

1:00pm-2:59pm50.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%8.3%

3:00pm-4:59pm0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%16.7%8.3%6.7%

5:00pm-6:29pm0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%0.0%3.1%

6:30pm-11:59pm14.3%40.0%14.3%16.7%12.5%23.1%0.0%15.6%

TOTAL25.7%15.8%7.1%15.8%7.9%16.0%5.4%13.3%

disregarded signal

1999 RLR - disregarded signal - Signaled intersection crashes in Lafayette / West Lafayette, Tippecanoe


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am320123213

2 6:30-9am431353221

3 9-11am133266223

4 11am-12:59pm354461124

5 1-2:59pm264115221

6 3-5pm032424217

7 5:00-6:30pm102341112

8 6:31-12:00am5711536239

TOTAL19292723292914170


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am10011104

2 6:30-9am01020014

3 9-11am11000002

4 11am-12:59pm321202010

5 1-2:59pm30000003

6 3-5pm00001113

7 5:00-6:30pm00000101

8 6:31-12:00am122113010

TOTAL963638237

PERCENTAGES


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am60.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%40.0%60.0%40.0%56.5%

2 6:30-9am100.0%37.5%20.0%37.5%38.5%37.5%66.7%42.9%

3 9-11am20.0%33.3%23.1%28.6%40.0%42.9%40.0%33.8%

4 11am-12:59pm27.3%45.5%40.0%36.4%25.0%12.5%12.5%28.9%

5 1-2:59pm22.2%46.2%26.7%8.3%7.1%25.0%25.0%23.1%

6 3-5pm0.0%15.8%12.5%26.7%14.3%16.7%15.4%15.3%

7 5:00-6:30pm33.3%0.0%18.2%37.5%33.3%7.7%11.1%19.7%

8 6:31-12:00am33.3%35.0%47.8%21.7%14.3%25.0%25.0%29.1%

TOTAL30.6%33.3%29.0%27.1%24.6%25.0%23.3%27.4%


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am20.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%33.3%25.0%0.0%22.2%

2 6:30-9am0.0%25.0%0.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%23.5%

3 9-11am100.0%11.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%9.5%

4 11am-12:59pm50.0%40.0%25.0%28.6%0.0%25.0%0.0%27.0%

5 1-2:59pm50.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%8.3%

6 3-5pm0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%16.7%8.3%6.7%

7 5:00-6:30pm0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%20.0%0.0%3.1%

8 6:31-12:00am14.3%40.0%14.3%16.7%12.5%23.1%0.0%15.6%

TOTAL25.7%15.8%7.1%15.8%7.9%16.0%5.4%13.3%

disregarded + failure to yield

1999 RLR - disregarded signal & failure to yeld- Signaled intersection crashes in Lafayette / West Lafayette, Tippecanoe


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


########

TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am420135419

2 6:30-9am461695233

3 9-11am5573109443

4 11am-12:59pm4747154546

5 1-2:59pm3973811445

6 3-5pm2567911646

7 5:00-6:30pm216776332

8 6:31-12:00am8131911912476

UNK00000000

TOTAL32485045706332340


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


########

TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am20011105

2 6:30-9am02330019

3 9-11am11000013

4 11am-12:59pm421224116

5 1-2:59pm310311110

6 3-5pm222351419

7 5:00-6:30pm21121209

8 6:31-12:00am527325327

UNK00201014

TOTAL19111617131412102

percentages


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am80.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%60.0%100.0%80.0%82.6%

2 6:30-9am100.0%75.0%20.0%75.0%69.2%62.5%66.7%67.3%

3 9-11am100.0%55.6%53.8%42.9%66.7%64.3%80.0%63.2%

4 11am-12:59pm36.4%63.6%40.0%63.6%62.5%50.0%62.5%55.4%

5 1-2:59pm33.3%69.2%46.7%25.0%57.1%55.0%50.0%49.5%

6 3-5pm20.0%26.3%37.5%46.7%64.3%45.8%46.2%41.4%

7 5:00-6:30pm66.7%20.0%54.5%87.5%58.3%46.2%33.3%52.5%

8 6:31-12:00am53.3%65.0%82.6%47.8%42.9%50.0%50.0%56.7%

UNK0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

TOTAL51.6%55.2%53.8%52.9%59.3%54.3%53.3%54.8%


DAY OF WEEKTOTAL


TIME OF CRASH

1 00:01-6:29am40.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%33.3%25.0%0.0%27.8%

2 6:30-9am0.0%50.0%75.0%75.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%52.9%

3 9-11am100.0%11.1%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%50.0%14.3%

4 11am-12:59pm66.7%40.0%25.0%28.6%33.3%50.0%100.0%43.2%

5 1-2:59pm50.0%16.7%0.0%60.0%16.7%12.5%25.0%27.8%

6 3-5pm66.7%33.3%40.0%37.5%100.0%16.7%33.3%42.2%

7 5:00-6:30pm33.3%33.3%11.1%40.0%33.3%40.0%0.0%28.1%

8 6:31-12:00am71.4%40.0%50.0%50.0%25.0%38.5%27.3%42.2%

UNK0.0%0.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%50.0%

TOTAL54.3%28.9%38.1%44.7%34.2%28.0%32.4%36.7%

RLR Observations

Results 3rd RoundTargeted Highest Rates of Incidence Location and Time of 2 SitesIntersection of a state highway and US highway5-point intersection Lunch time

Media/Enforcement effortsMediaPrint local newspaperTelevision/radioEnforcementSaturation patrolsParked vehicles

Media/Enforcement ResultsMedia 3 typesBy itself had no effect on reducing RLREnforcementOnly when visibly present

Overall ConclusionsRLR occurs during all hours, on all days of week, and on all types of roadsRange: 4 18 violations per hourPeaked Lunch timeOccurrences increased as work week progressedNo common, typical violator or scenariovaried vehicle, driver, or intersection typesMore likely to encounter RLR at higher traffic density intersections

Other ObservationsOver 50% of RLR violators observed were proceeding straight through intersection when red light was runRatio of passenger car violators and pickup truck violators paralleled Indiana vehicle registrations (no over-representation noted)Young Male to Young Female ratio 1:1Average Male to Average Female ratio 2:1Older Male to Older Female ratio 2:1Race of violators matched IN Census Bureau counts (no over-representation noted)

Other ObservationsSignage had an immediate impact on reducing RLR at video-monitored intersection

EMBED TurboCAD2D.Drawing

_1068889352.bin

For further informationBob ZahnkePurdue [email protected] web site www.ecn.purdue/catsJTRP linkhttp://rebar.ecn.purdue.edu/JTRP

Documents

Evaluation of Law Enforcement Presence on Changing Drivers’ Behaviors – Red Light Running