Evolution of print media and history of newspaper

prepared by: K.VenkateshaMsc Agri. Extn

The first Indian media was established in the Late 18 th century with print media started in 1780s.

"Media" refers to various means of communication. For example, television, radio, print and new media are different types of media. All these forms use technology to propagate the message. Hence we could define all these media as media technology.

Introduction

Print media, being the leader over a considerable period of time has now got competition from Television, which is reshaping many of the social responses.

Radio apart from providing news and views has also developed a flair for entertainment, thereby getting a lot of acceptance. There is also the new media with internet being its flag bearer.

media can make a real difference to the lives of poor and disadvantaged people in the following ways.

Making people more aware of their rights and entitlements

Enabling people to have access to government programmes, schemes and benefits.

Making people more aware of political issues and options and helping to stimulate debate.

Educating the public on social, economic and environmental issues.

Drawing attention to institutional failings – corruption, fraud, waste, inefficiency, cronyism, nepotism, abuse of power and the like;

Fostering exchange of best practices, knowledge resources, access to better technology, and to better choices

Creating pressure for improved government performance, accountability and quality, for example in service delivery; and

Providing a discursive space for citizens to dialogue with other actors in the governance process.

Among the various mass media used in a India, newspaper occupies a place of prominence because of its low cost, wide circulations and variety of contents.

Print media has its unique role in informing

literate farmers.

Print media play a significant role in developing rural resources and motivating the farmers for adoption of new technology transfer in agriculture is primarily done through mass media, which is the basis for advancing rural development in our country. The print and electronic technology revolutionizing the agricultural system throughout the world.

Print media has tremendous effect in the field of agriculture.

It is believed that print media demands a more active and creative participation the part of the rural readers than is demand by the audience of other media because the communication is less structured and reader is forced to participate creatively in this more impersonal type of communication.

Definition of news NEWS stands : North, East, West and South.

News papers – it typically meets four criteria1. Publicity: Its contents are

reasonably accessible to the public

2. Periodicity: It is published at regular intervals

3. Currency: Its information is up to date

4. Universality: It covers a range of topic

Worlds first newspaper German relation

started in 1605 in German language.

History of news paper

The first Indian newspaper - Hicky’s Bengal Gazette published in 1780 Jan 29 in Calcutta in English language.

- founded by James Augustus Hicky (Irishmen) - It also called as the Calcutta General Advertiser - This paper survives until 1830s.

First Hindi – language newspaper published in India, Udant martand (The Rising Sun), started in 30 may 1826.

This day celebrated as the “Hindi Journalism Day” or Hindi Patrakarika Diwas as it marked the beinging of journalism in Hindi language.

The first Hindi daily, Samachar Sudha Varshan started in 1854 three years before the first freedom struggle of India in 1857.

The world Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN - IFRA) published a list of newspapers with the largest circulation.

In 2005, - China – 93.5 M - India – 78.8 M- Japan – 70. 4 M- US – 48.3 M- Germany – 22.1 M

World newspapers with the largest circulation

Top five worlds english newspaper circulation

Rank Newspaper Country Average daily

circulations

1 The Sun U.K 3,472,841

2 USA Today USA 2,610,255

3 The Daily Mail U.K 2,476,625

4 The mirror UK 2,187,960

5 Times of India India 1,879,000World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN - IFRA)

In INDIA The prestigious Hindi newspaper Dainik Jagran, which ranks

no 1 in terms of readership, has added a new feather in its cap by acquiring the top position in terms of circulation too. 

During 2010-11, the highest numbers of newspapers published were in Hindi (7910) followed by English (1406) and Urdu (938). Other regional languages include Gujarati (761), Telugu (603), Marathi (521) and Bengali (472).

The prominent Hindi newspapers are Dainik Jargan, Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala, Navbharat Times, Hindustan Dainik, Rajasthan Patrika and Nai Dunia.

Total readership of top ten Hindi dailies is estimated at 188.68 millions, nearly five times of top ten English dailies that have 38.76 million total readership (India).

In English “The Times of India” – it established in 1838 in Mumbai (Bombay).

Circulation of newspapers in the country grew by 8.23 per cent in 2010-11, as per the 55 annual report of the register of newspapers for India (RNI). As many as 3671 newspapers were published from Uttar Pradesh followed by Delhi with 1993 and Madhya Pradesh with 1243 newspapers, it said.

In terms of circulation, Uttar Pradesh topped the table with more than 6.97 crore copies. Delhi followed with a circulation of 5.27 crore and Maharastra retained the third position with over 2.9 crore copies.

With a combined readership claim of its 12 editions reading 3746929 copies, Times of India was the highest readers among multi-edition dailies, the RNI report said “Eenadu” and Hindi daily “Dainik Bhaskar” stood second and third in terms of highest multi-edition readership.

Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the readers.

Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy of the newspaper is read by more than one person.

Rank Newspaper

PrimaryLocality Language Circulation Owner

1 Dainik Bhaskar Nationwide Hindi 3,557,407 D B Corp Ltd.

2 Dainik Jagran Nationwide Hindi 3,034,560 Jagran Prakashan

3 The Times of India

Nationwide English 2,891,702 The Times Group

4 Hindustan Dainik

Nationwide Hindi 2,237,243 HT Media Ltd

5 Malayala Manorama

Kerala Malayalam 2,232,585Malayala

Manorama Company

Top five newspaper circulation in India (Audit Bureau of Circulations)

Rank Newspaper Language City

Daily Readership, IRS 2013

(in million)

1Dainik Jagran(दै�नि�क जा�गरण) Hindi

Various cities and states

15.527

2Hindustan(नि�न्दुस्ता��) Hindi

Various cities and states

14.246

3Dainik Bhaskar

(दै�नि�क भा�स्कर) HindiVarious cities and

states12.857

4Malayala Manorama(മലയാ�ള മനോ��രമ) Malayalam

10 cities in Kerala, Bangalore,

Mangalore, Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi,

Dubai, and Bahrain

8.565

5Daily Thanthi(தி�னத்திந்தி�) Tamil

Various cities in Tamil Nadu, Bangalore,

Pondicherry and Mumbai.

8.156

6 Rajasthan Patrika HindiVarious cities and

states7.665

7 Times of India EnglishVarious cities and

states7.254

Why newspaper circulation is decreased?