Evaluation of the EC's cooperation with Botswana - Ref ...edz.bib.uni-mannheim.de/daten/edz-k/dev/09/...1273-annex-200912_en_3_0.pdf · BGCSE Botswana General Certificate of Secondary

Volume 2: Annexes

Evaluation carried out on behalf of the European Commission

COUNTRY LEVEL EVALUA

Final Report

Volume 2: Annexes

December 2009


COUNTRY LEVEL EVALUATION

Botswana


TION

Contract No EVA 2007/geo

This evaluation is mandated by

The Joint Evaluation Unit for:

Directorate General for Development and

Directorate

The evaluation has been carried out by JürgenThomas Thomsen, Ivor Williams, Isaac N’dungu, Jutta Keilbach.

Quality control: Martin Steinmeyer;Evaluation Manager for the Consortium: Dietrich Busacker

The opinions expressed in this document represent the views of the authors,which are not necessarily shared by the European Commission

or by the authorities of the countries concerned

ECO Consult, AGEG, APRI, Euronet, IRAM, NCG

Leader of the Consortium: ECO Consult,

Contact Person: Dietrich BUSACKER

Contract No EVA 2007/geo-acp

This evaluation is mandated by

The Joint Evaluation Unit for:

EuropeAid

Directorate General for Development and

Directorate-General External Relations

The evaluation has been carried out by Jürgen Buchholz (Team leader), Dr. Stefan Mann,Thomas Thomsen, Ivor Williams, Isaac N’dungu, Jutta Keilbach.

Quality control: Martin Steinmeyer;Evaluation Manager for the Consortium: Dietrich Busacker


or by the authorities of the countries concerned.

Consortium composed by

ECO Consult, AGEG, APRI, Euronet, IRAM, NCG

Leader of the Consortium: ECO Consult,

Contact Person: Dietrich BUSACKER

[email protected]

Buchholz (Team leader), Dr. Stefan Mann,Thomas Thomsen, Ivor Williams, Isaac N’dungu, Jutta Keilbach.

Evaluation Manager for the Consortium: Dietrich Busacker


EVA 2007/geo-acp: Country level evaluation Botswana - Final report: Volume II

ECO Consult – AGEG – APRI – Euronet – IRAM – NCG

Page 1

Table of content

Page

List of Abbreviations................................................................................................ 2

Annex 1 Terms of Reference ................................................................................ 7

Annex 2 Intervention Logic of EC-Cooperation with Botswana ...................... 23

Annex 3 Overview of Evaluation Questions...................................................... 24

Annex 4 Information Matrix ................................................................................ 32

Annex 5 Inventory of EC-Projects/Programmes in Botswana ....................... 106

Annex 6 Bibliography........................................................................................ 113

1. EC Documents............................................................................................................... 113

2. Botswana Governmental Documents ......................................................................... 114

3. Other Documents.......................................................................................................... 114

4. Sector Specific Documents ......................................................................................... 115

Annex 7 List of Persons Met............................................................................. 119

Annex 8 Methods Used During Field Phase.................................................... 125

Annex 9 Basic questionnaire for partner interviews ...................................... 127

Annex 10 Questionnaire and answers of other donors.................................... 128

Annex 11 Protocols of the focus groups........................................................... 133

Annex 12 Project fiches ...................................................................................... 136

Annex 13 Education & Training SPSP – Indicators .......................................... 181

Annex 14 PowerPoint Presentation at the Seminar in Gaborone.................... 206



Page 2

List of Abbreviations

ACRONYM NAME

ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific

AFDB African Development Bank

ARV Anti-Retroviral

ATTC Automotive Trades Technical College

AWF African Wildlife Foundation

B2B Business to Business (Cooperation)

BAIS Botswana AIDS Impact Survey

BCET Botswana College of Engineering and Technology

BCL Bamangwato Concessions Limited (mining company)

BDC Botswana Development Corporation

BDP Botswana Democratic Party

BEDIA Botswana Export Development and Investment Authority

BGCSE Botswana General Certificate of Secondary Education

BL Budget line

BNAPS The Botswana National HIV/AIDS Prevention Support

BOCCIM Botswana Confederation of Commerce, Industry and Manufacturing

BOCODOL Botswana College of Distance Learning

BOCONGO Botswana Council of Non-Governmental Organisations

BOTA Botswana Training Authority

BP Beef Protocol

BS Budget Support

BSP Basic Skills Programme

BTEP Botswana Technical Education Programme

BURS Botswana Unified Revenue Service

BWP Botswana Pula (1 BWP = 0,09413 EUR on 31.12.2008)

CAAT College of Applied Arts and Technology

CBNRM Community Based Natural Resource Management

CBO Community Based Organisation

CCI Cross-cutting issues

CDE Centre for Development of Enterprise

CDF Community Development Fund

CECMAC Central African Economic and Monetary Community

CFDP Community Forestry Development Programme

COMESA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

CPS Country Partnership Strategy

CRIS Common Relex Information System

CS Civil Society

CSE Certificate of Secondary Education

CSO Civil Society Organisation

CSP Country Strategy Paper

CTVE College of Technical and Vocational Education

DAC-OECD Department for Assistance Coordination - Organisation for Economic Co-operationand Development

DAIP Directorate of Apprenticeship and Industrial Training

DCEC Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime

DEC Delegation of the European Commission

DED Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst

DFID Department for International Development (UK)

DOT Department of Tourism



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ACRONYM NAME

DSS Department of Social Services

DTVET Department of Technical and Vocational Education and Training

DWNP Department of Wildlife and National Parks

E&T Education and Training

EC European Commission

ECHO European Community Humanitarian Organisation

EDF European Development Fund

EDMS Economic Diversification of the Mining Sector

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIB European Investment Bank

EMIS Education Management and Information System

ENV Environment

EPA Economic Partnership Agreement

EPER Education Public Expenditure Review

EPRD European Programme for Reconstruction and Development

EQ Evaluation Question

ESIPP EU-SADC Investment Promotion Programme

EU European Union

FA Financial Agreement

FBO Faith Based Organisation

FDI Foreign direct investment

FGD Focus group discussion

FIP Finance and Investment Protocol

FMD Foot and Mouth Disease

FTC Francistown Technical College

GBS General Budget Support

GDP Gross Domestic Product

GF Global Fund

GLS Grant Loan Scheme

GoB Government of Botswana

GTC Gaborone Technical College

HDI Human Development Index

HDIC The Health and Development Innovative Consortium

HIV-AIDS Human Immune-deficiency Virus - Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome

HOORC Harry Oppenheimer Foundation Okavango Research Centre

HQ Headquarter

HRD Human Resource Development

HRDS Human Resource Development Strategy

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ICT Information and Communications Technology

IEPA Interim European Partnership Agreement

IFC International Finance Corporation

IFSC International Financial Services Centre

IGA Income Generating Activities

IMF International Monetary Fund

JAA Joint Annual Appraisal

JC Judgement Criteria

JCE Junior Certificate Examination

JSS Junior Secondary School

LF Logical Framework

LLL Lifelong Learning

MCI Ministry of Commerce and Industry



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ACRONYM NAME

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

M&E Monitoring and Evaluation

MIS Management Information System

MLG Ministry of Local Government

MLHA Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs

MoA Ministry of Agriculture

MoESD Ministry of Education and Skill Development

MoFDP Ministry of Finance and Development Planning

MoLG, MLG Ministry of Local Government

MoLGLH Ministry of Local Government, Lands and Housing

MoLHA Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs

MoMEWR Ministry of Minerals, Energy and Water Resources

MoU Memorandum of Understanding

MoEWT Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism

MPP Micro-projects Programme

MS Member States

NSF National Strategic Framework

MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework

MTI Ministry of Trade and Industry

MTR Mid Term Review

MTTC Madirelo Training and Testing Centre

NACA National Aids Coordinating Agency

NAO National Authorising Office(r)

NCC National Craft Certificate

NCQF National Credit and Qualifications Framework

NCS National Conservation Strategy

NDP National Development Plan

NER Net Enrolment Rate

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

NIP National Indicative Programme

NQF National Qualifications Framework

NRM Natural Resource Management

NSA Non-State Actors

NSPR National Strategy for Poverty Reduction

ODA Official Development Assistance

OLAS On-lending Agreement

O&M Organisation and Management Report of the MoESD

PA Protected Area

PCU Project Co-ordination Unit

PEEPA Public Enterprises Evaluation and Privatisation Agency

PEFA Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

PEPFAR President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS-Relief

PFM Public Financial Management

PIPS Personal and Interpersonal Skills

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PMS Performance Management Systems

PMTCT Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (of HIV)

PMU Project Management Unit

PPADB Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Board

PPP Purchasing Power Parity

PSD Public Sector Reform



Page 5

ACRONYM NAME

PSDS Private Sector Development Strategy

PSLE Primary School Leaving Examination

PTB Permaculture Trust of Botswana

RAD Remote Area Dwellers

RADP Rural Area Dwellers Programme

REA Re-Employment Account (part of the SYSMIN programme)

RG Reference Group

RIP Regional Indicative Programme

RIT Regional Integration and Trade

RPR Regional Programme

RSA Republic of South Africa

RSP Regional Strategy Paper

SACU Southern Africa Customs Union

SADC Southern Africa Development Community

SBS Sector Budget Support

SIDA Swedish International Development Agency

SME Small and Medium Enterprises

SPEDU Selebi-Phikwe Economic Diversification Unit

SPSP Sector Policy Support Programme

SQUAM Standardisation, Quality Assurance, Accreditation and Metrology

SSN Social Safety Net-schemes

SSS Senior Secondary School

SUBRAP Scaling up Benefits for Rural Area Populations

SWAp Sector Wide Approach

SYSMIN System for Stabilising Export Earnings from Mineral Products

TA Technical Assistance

TAP Technical and Administrative Provisions

TCF Technical Cooperation Facility

TEC Tertiary Education Council

TIPA Department of Trade and Investment Promotion

TL Team Leader

TOR Terms of Reference

TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training

UB University of Botswana

UN United Nations

UNDAF UN Development Assistance Framework

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

US$ United States Dollar

VAT Value Added Tax

VCT Voluntary Counselling and Testing

VET Vocational Education and Training

VTC Vocational Training Centre

VTE Vocational Training and Education

VTTC Vocational Teachers Training College

WAR Women against Rape

WB The World Bank

WCMP Wildlife Conservation and Management Programme

WHO World Health Organisation

WMA Wildlife Management Areas

WTO World Trade Organisation



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Page 7

ANNEX 1 TERMS OF REFERENCE

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Evaluation of the European Commission’sco-operation with

Botswana

Country Level Evaluation

TERMS OF REFERENCEfinal

8.9.2008



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1 MANDATE AND OBJECTIVESSystematic and timely evaluation of its expenditure programmes is a priority of theEuropean Commission (EC). It is a key to account for the management of the allocatedfunds and for promoting a lesson-learning culture throughout the organisation. The focusis on the impact (effects) of these programmes against a background of greaterconcentration of external co-operation and increasing emphasis on result-orientedapproaches, particularly in the context of the programmes of the Relex Family1.

The evaluation of the Commission’s co-operation with Botswana is part of the 2008evaluation programme as approved by External Relations and DevelopmentCommissioners.

The main objectives of the evaluation are:

to provide the relevant external co-operation services of the EC and the widerpublic with an overall independent assessment of the Commission’s past andcurrent cooperation relations with Botswana ;

to identify key lessons in order to improve the current and future strategies andprogrammes of the Commission.

2 BACKGROUND

EC Cooperation objectives- The European Union's co-operation policy is based on Article 177 of the Treatyestablishing the European Community (EC). It determines that the sphere of developmentco-operation shall have three objectives namely: fostering sustainable development ofdeveloping countries; assisting the smooth and gradual integration of the developingcountries into the world economy and campaigning against poverty in the developingcountries.

- These objectives have been confirmed and reinforced in Article 1 of the ACP-ECPartnership Agreement, signed in Cotonou on 23 June 2000, which puts a majoremphasis on the objective of reducing and eventually eradicating poverty. Co-operationbetween the Community and the Republic of Botswana shall pursue these objectives,taking into account fundamental principles laid down in Article 2 of the Agreement,especially the principle of encouragement of development strategies by the countries andpopulations concerned, and essential and fundamental elements as defined in Article 9.

- In November 2000, the Council and the Commission endorsed a Development PolicyDeclaration that identifies six priority themes/areas. These are: Trade and Development;Regional Integration and Co-operation; Support to Macro-economic Policies linked toSocial Sector Programmes; Transport; Sustainable Rural Development and Food Security;and Institutional Capacity Building, Good Governance and the Rule of Law. Environmentand Gender are considered as crosscutting issues, which need to be integrated into all thesesix themes in order to make development sustainable.

1 Directorates General of External Relations, (RELEX), Development (DEV), the EuropeAid Co-operation Office (AIDCO) andHumanitarian Aid (ECHO – though not the object of the evaluation)



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- The EC has made Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSP) the point of departure for itsCountry Strategy Papers (CSP) in all countries that have/produce a PRSP.

The PRSP approach, with its six principles (national ownership, results focus,comprehensive, prioritised, long-term, and partnership-oriented) forms the core for donorsupport, and the common framework within which all stakeholders supporting povertyreduction in a country are expected to work.

- Furthermore the CSP is the culmination of a joint programming process, which startedwith the launching of the Cotonou Agreement in January 2001 and involved many actors(the European Commission, EU Member States, the Government, civil society and theprivate sector).

- The overall policy objectives towards Africa are stated in the 2005 Communication(COM /2005/489 final). The document gives a comprehensive, integrated and long-termframework for the EU relations with Africa.

- "The European Consensus"2 presents common objectives and principles fordevelopment co-operation (poverty eradication, ownership, partnership, delivering moreand better aid, promoting policy coherence for development) as well as it sets out therenewed European Community Development Policy.

Context of the country- Botswana is a large landlocked country in southern Africa, with two-thirds of its territorycovered by the Kalahari Desert. The total population is around 1.8 million. Afterindependence in 1966, it has evolved from one of the ten least-developed countries to amiddle-income country in 1994, characterised by sustained economic growth driven bydiamond mining, anchored in good governance, peace, political stability and soundeconomic management. However, in spite of the country's positive trends, incomedisparities remain3 and achievements are seriously threatened by HIV/AIDS rates that rankamongst the highest worldwide.

- The long-term aspirations of Botswana are encapsulated in “Vision 2016”, a strategicvision, whereas the National Development Plan 9 (NDP 9) sets out the Government’sdevelopment agenda for 2004-2009. The latter identifies poverty reduction andprosperity for all as fundamental national development goals, to be achieved througheconomic growth, diversification, job creation and human resources development.

- Economic diversification and global competitiveness remain major challenges tosustain development growth. Employment creation is limited by the capital-intensivenature of economic growth in Botswana (mining sector) and a labour market lacking theincreasingly skill-intensive workforce that it requires.

- Education and Training is seen as a critical area for economic development andtechnological change with a need to strengthen the links between education/training

2 Document 2006/C46/01 - joint statement by the Council and the representatives of the governments of the Member Statesmeeting within the Council, the European Parliament and the Commission on the EU Development Policy. It was adopted inFebruary 2006

3 The most recent value of the Gini index is 63



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and employment, in particular by infusing business and entrepreneurial skillsthroughout the education and training system and by promoting a culture focused onproductivity, skills and performance.

- Botswana is one of Africa's success stories and a model for the use of natural resourcesfor development

Main features an evolution of the EC cooperation with the country

- The EC has a long history of partnership with Botswana. Cooperation previously focusedon private sector development and training, as well as natural resources utilisation andconservation. In recent years, support has been given mainly to the development of humanresources, identified as essential to economic diversification and growth.

- Under the second financial protocol of Lome IV (1996-2001), the 8th EDF, the NIPamounted to 38 M€. The two focal sectors were: vocational education / training andconservation and management of natural resources principally wildlife and forestry. Therewere also substantial funds devoted to this country in the context of SYSMIN (30M€).

- Support under the 9th EDF, currently under implementation, is detailed in the first CountryStrategy Paper (CSP) including the National Indicative Programme (NIP) covering the period2002-2007. It takes into account the fact that this country is "a middle income country". Thesingle focal sector is human resources development in particular "education andtraining"(E&T). A Sector Budget Support is continuing to assist the Government toeffectively finance and manage the E&T sector as well as to expand equitable access toquality E&T especially at primary and secondary level. Following the MTR the amount ofprogrammable resources was increased from 39 M€ to 56,54 M€. Outside the focal sector,actions are financed notably in the fields of micro projects, capacity building and support forLocal Government and Non State Actors and finally fight against HIV/AIDS.

- The country benefits also from regional funds via the SADC4 mainly in the sectors ofregional integration, trade, transport and communications. Other instruments have operationsin this country like community budget lines or the Global Fund to fight against HIV/ AIDS.

- Under the 10th EDF, the CSP, including a NIP, signed in December 2007, is covering theperiod 2008-2013 with a budget allocation of € 77.3 M. The focus is expanded from educationand training to Human Resources Development. It is foreseen to increase focus on therelevance of skills to the economy and the employability of young people as they leave theeducation system. The strategy will also seek to respond to poverty, the challenge of HIV andAIDS and foresees support to civil society with a view to enabling it to become a meaningfulpartner in the development process.

- Concerning the other donors, at present, the most relevant is the US (private and publicpartners) focusing their support in the fight against HIV/AIDS and the UN agencies coveringa wider range of sectors, however not in focalised sectors. Most concentrate their resources onregional cooperation with SADC. Member States have virtually ceased co-operation.

4 SADC – Southern Africa Development Community – the central offices of this regional organisation are inGaborone/Botswana. An evaluation of the EC support to SADC has been recently accomplished.



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- European Investment Bank is active in the country. There are 7 active loans from EDFfunds.

Other sources of information

More information on EC relations with Botswana and further details on projects andprogrammes are available on the website of the EC Delegation to Botswana and SADC:http://www.delbwa.ec.europa.eu/en/index.htm

3. SCOPE

3.1 Temporal and legal scopeThe period to be covered by this evaluation is 1999-2008 (the last 10 years).

The scope of the evaluation is the Commission’s co-operation :

- Strategies during the period5, i.e. the two previous programming cycles and the currentone.

- Implementation during the period 1999 -2008T

The Consultants must assess:

– the relevance and coherence6 of the Commission’s co-operation strategies (all instrumentsincluded) for the period;

– the European Community value added of the Commission’s co-operation strategies;coherence within the Commission's developments programme, thecoordination/complementarities and coherence with the partner country's policies andwith other donors' interventions (focus on Member States) for the same period; theconsistency between programming and implementation for the previous programmingcycle ;

– the implementation of the Commission’s co-operation, focusing on impact,sustainability, effectiveness and efficiency for the period 1999 - 2008 and on intendedeffects for the period under the current programming cycle 2008 – 2013.

3.2 Thematic scopeThe Consultants must assess the following co-operation areas

Human Resources Development ( Education ), in this context the impact of theshift to EC sector support should be assessed as well,

Natural Resources management7,

HIV/AIDS, gender, environment and other relevant cross cutting issues,

5 Period corresponding to: (i) the two previous and current programming cycles if no country evaluation for the periodsconcerned existing; (ii) one previous and the current programming cycle if a country level evaluation already existing for theperiod preceding the former programming cycle

6 Please note that the term and concept of coherence in this context has not yet been validated. The notion ofcoherence should be understood here as follows: (i) correspondence between the different objectives of a strategy, implyingthat there is a hierarchy of objectives (with lower level objectives logically contributing to the higher level ones); (ii) extent towhich the resources foreseen are adequate in relation to the objectives set out in the strategy

7 Natural Resources Management includes, not just land use and water access but also, livestock, effects of the Beef Protocol,impact of the San people and dependency on South Africa for electricity.



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Productive sectors ( trade, tourism, investment )8,

Regional integration ( SADC cooperation ),

Governance ( Capacity Building, NSAs, Democracy & Human Rights including therelations with the San people)

Public sector reforms

All funds devoted to this country must be taken into account including projects managedby DG-ENV, DG RTD, and DG AIDCO etc.

The consultant would also address the effect on Botswana of the Zimbabwe crisis and,hence, the influx of emigrants.

NB: All completed evaluations (incl. regional ones) in the country related to EC interventions at project andprogram level are important reference material to be taken into account. The Consultants should not deal with thepoints already covered by these evaluations, but build on them.

4 KEY DELIVERABLESThe overall methodological guidance to be used is available on the web page of the EuropeAid evaluation unit under the following address:

http://ec.europa.eu/comm/europeaid/evaluation/methodology2/index_en.htm

Within 14 days after the reception of the ToR, the Consultants will present a launch note9

which should contain:

their understanding of the ToR;

a methodological note including the implementation of the quality control;

the provisional composition of the evaluation team with CVs10;

a proposed budget11.

Following the launch note, the main key deliverables are:

The inception meeting;

The inception report;

The desk report;

The final reports and seminar in the country.

4.1 The inception meetingUpon approval of the launch note by the Evaluation Unit, the Consultant proceeds to thestructuring stage leading to the production of an inception report.

The main part of the work consists in the analysis of all key relevant documents regarding theCommission’s co-operation (past and present) with Botswana. The Consultants will also takeinto account the documentation produced by other donors and international agencies12.

8 This country is over dependent on mining revenues (particularly diamonds). The Government makes efforts to fostereconomic diversification away from mining. As concern diamonds, there is a shifting from only extraction to also developingprocessing capacity.

9 In the case of a tender procedure, the launch note will be replaced by the financial and technical proposal of the tender10 All birthday dates must be written in the following Format: dd/mm/yyyy11 In the frame of a "framework contract"



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On the basis of the information collected and analysed, the Consultants will proposeevaluation questions and prepare explanatory comments for each. The choice of the questionsdetermines the subsequent phases of information and data collection, elaboration of themethods of analysis, and elaboration of final judgements. The consultants will also identifyappropriate judgement criteria.

A meeting will be held with the reference group to discuss and validate:

- The evaluation's regulatory framework, its context, main users and expected uses;

- The evaluation's central scope;

- The scope extended to related policies;

- The intervention logic according to official documents;

- The evaluation questions;

- Explanatory comments associated to each evaluation questions (when possible, indicatejudgement criteria).

Upon validation by the Reference Group, the evaluation questions become part of the ToR.

4.2 Inception reportAt the end of the inception phase, the consultants must deliver an inception report, whichfinalises the evaluation questions and describes the main lines of the methodological designincluding the indicators to be used, the strategy of analysis and a detailed work plan for thenext stage.

The inception report contains the following elements:

the intervention logic;

the validated evaluation questions;

a limited number of appropriate judgment criteria per evaluation question;

a limited number of quantitative and/or qualitative indicators related to each judgmentcriterion;

a proposal containing suitable working methods to collect data and information in theCommission’s headquarters and delegations, including information coming from thecountry itself and other donors in the country;

a first outline of the strategy and the methods used to analyse the collected data andinformation indicating any limitations;

a chain of reasoning for answering the question;

a concise description of the development co-operation context of the Commission withBotswana related to the evaluation questions;

a detailed work plan for the next stage.

The report will also confirm if necessary:

The final composition of the evaluation team and

The final work plan and schedule.

12 e.g. An evaluation of the UNDP support to Botswana is on-going



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The two latter points will be agreed and confirmed through a formal exchange of lettersbetween the Consultants and the Commission.

This phase may include a short preparatory and exploratory visit of the Consultants to thefield.

4.3 Desk reportUpon approval of the inception report the Consultants proceed to the final stage of the deskphase. At the end of this phase, the Consultants will present a desk report setting out theresults of this phase of the evaluation including all the following listed elements (the majorpart of the inception report will be in the annex of the desk phase report):

the evaluation questions with the agreed judgement criteria and its quantitative andqualitative indicators;

the first elements of answer to the evaluation questions when available and thehypotheses to be tested in the field;

Progress in the gathering of data. The complementary data needed for the analysis andto be collected in the field have to be identified;

methodological design, including evaluation tools ready to be applied in the fieldphase: (i) suitable methods of data collection within the country indicating anylimitations, describing how the data should be cross-checked and specifying thesources, (ii) appropriate methods for data collection and to analyse the information,again indicating any limitations of those methods in Botswana ;

an exhaustive list of all the activities covered during the period and an exhaustive listof all activities examined during the desk phase, bearing in mind that activitiesanalysed in the desk phase and the field phase (including ROM) have to berepresentative;

A work plan for the field phase: a list with brief descriptions of activities, projects andprogrammes for in-depth analysis in the field. The consultants must explain the valueadded of the visits.

The field mission cannot start before the evaluation manager has approved the deskreport.

4.4 Field reportingThe fieldwork shall be undertaken on the basis set out in the desk report and approved by thereference group (which includes the Delegation). The work plan and schedule of the missionare agreed in advance with the Delegation. If during the course of the fieldwork it appearsnecessary to deviate from the agreed approach and/or schedule, the Consultants must ask theapproval of the Evaluation Unit before any changes may be applied.

At the conclusion of the field study the Consultants present the preliminary findings of theevaluation:

(1) Presentation during a de-briefing meeting with the Delegation;

(2) Presentation to the reference group shortly after their return from the field.



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4.5 Final reports and seminar in the country

4.5.1. The Draft Final Report

The Consultants will submit the draft final report in conformity with the structure set out inannex 2. Comments received during de-briefing meetings with the Delegation and thereference group must be taken into consideration.

The Consultants may either accept or reject the comments but in case of rejection they mustjustify (in writing) the reasons for rejection (the comments and the Consultants’ responses areannexed to the report). If the Consultants don't want to include them in the report, they mustexplain in a separate document the reasons why.

If the evaluation manager considers the report to be of sufficient quality (cf. annex 3), he/shewill circulate it for comments to the reference group. The reference group will convene todiscuss it in the presence of the evaluation team.

4.5.2. The Seminar

The Consultants will make the appropriate amendments based on comments expressed by thereference group and the Evaluation Unit. The revised draft final report will be presented at aseminar in Botswana. The purpose of the seminar is to present the results, the conclusions andthe preliminary recommendations of the evaluation to the National Authorities, the Delegationas well as to all the main stakeholders concerned (EU Member States, representatives of civilsociety organisations and other donors).

The Consultants shall prepare a presentation (Powerpoint) for the seminar. This presentationshall be considered as a product of the evaluation in the same way as the reports and the databasis. For the seminar 60 copies of the report and 10 reports with full printed annexes (seeannex 2 of the ToR) have to be produced.

4.5.3. The Final Report

The Consultants will prepare the final report based on the comments expressed at the seminarand on the basis of further comments from the reference group, the Delegation and/or theevaluation manager. The presentation (Power point) will be revised in accordance to the finalreport.

110 copies of the Final Main Report must be sent to the Evaluation Unit with an additional10 reports with all printed annexes. A CD-Rom with the Final Main Report and annexes hasto be added to each printed report.

The evaluators have to hand over on an appropriate support (electronic or paper) all relevantdata gathered during the evaluation.

The contractor shall submit a methodological note explaining how the quality control and thecapitalisation of lessons learned have been addressed.

The Evaluation Unit makes a formal judgement on the quality of the evaluation (cf. annex 3).



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5. EVALUATION QUESTIONSThe evaluation will be based on the seven evaluation criteria: relevance, impact, effectiveness,efficiency, sustainability, coherence and the EC value added. The first five correspond to thetraditional practice of evaluation of development aid and have been formalised by the OECD(DAC). The following two apply to all EC policies. The criteria will be given differentweightings based on the priority accorded to the evaluation questions.

In general, questions (to a maximum of 10) will refer to the following main areas:

Relevance of the strategy/programme: this includes both relevance to the generalobjectives of the EC and relevance to the needs and priorities of Botswana (including thechoice of target groups).

Design and coherence13 of the intervention strategy/programme: this mainly concernsthe extent to which the resources foreseen were adequate in relation to the objectives setout in the programming documents.

Consistency of the implementation in relation to the strategy: the Consultants shallverify the extent to which the work plan, schedule and implementation of the activities (alltypes of interventions, geographical and sector distribution, instruments, aid deliverychannels included) were consistent with the strategy. They shall demonstrate who werethe real beneficiaries, direct or indirect, of the intervention and compare them to the targetpopulation(s) in the programming documents.

The Consultants will also verify the extent to which the intervention modalities(instruments, aid delivery channels, etc.) were appropriate to the objectives.

Achievement of main impacts/effects: the Consultants shall identify all recorded resultsand impacts, including any unintended ones, and compare these to the intended resultsand/or impacts. The Consultants will also identify the changes, which occurred in theareas in which EC programmes were supposed to produce an impact.

Efficiency of the implementation: for the activities which were effective, it will benecessary to question to what extent funding, human resources, regulatory and/oradministrative resources contributed to, or hindered the achievement of the objectives andresults.

Sustainability of the effects: an analysis of the extent to which the results and impacts arebeing, or are likely to be maintained over time.

Key cross-cutting issues: for example gender, environment and climate change, humanrights, HIV and AIDS, poverty, institutional capacity building, etc. Verification should beundertaken, on the one hand, of the extent to which account has been taken of thesepriorities in the programming documents and, on the other hand, to what extent theseissues have been reflected in the implementation modalities and in the effects of theintervention.

The 3Cs (co-ordination, complementarities and coherence): co-ordination /complementarities with EU Members States and other donors; coherence with EU policies(including the Member States' own policies and eventual interventions of the EIB) and

13 Please note that the term and concept of coherence in this context has not yet been validated. The notion ofcoherence should be understood here as follows: (i) correspondence between the different objectives of a strategy, implyingthat there is a hierarchy of objectives (with lower level objectives logically contributing to the higher level ones); (ii) extent towhich the resources foreseen are adequate in relation to the objectives set out in the strategy



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complementarities/coherence of the Community’s instruments (centralised anddecentralised) .

Value added of the EC interventions: The extent to which the development interventionadds benefits to what would have resulted from Member States' interventions only in thepartner country. The criterion is closely related to the principle of "subsidiarity" andrelates to the extra-benefit the activity/operation generates due to the fact that it wasfinanced/implemented through the EC.

There may be three practical elements to illustrate possible aspects of the criterion:

1) The EC has a particular advantage over Member States and how far is that visible;

2) The EC has a particular mandate in the framework of the '3Cs' and can draw MemberStates to a greater effort together;

3) EC cooperation is guided by a common political agenda embracing all Member States andhow far is that visible.

6. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND THEMONITORING OF THE EVALUATIONThe Evaluation Unit (AIDCO 03) is responsible for the management and monitoring of theevaluation with the assistance of the reference group.

Information will be given to the Consultants after the signature of the contract concerning thedocuments referred in Annex 1.

7. THE EVALUATION TEAM

The evaluation team should possess a sound knowledge and experience in:

evaluation methods and techniques in general and, if possible, of evaluation in the field ofdevelopment cooperation;

Botswana;

the following fields: Human Resources Development (Education), Regional integration ,Governance (NSAs, Democracy & Human Rights), poverty reduction, economicdiversification and employment;

the following language(s): English

The Evaluation Unit strongly recommends that the evaluation team should include consultantsfrom the country or the region (notably, but not only, during the field phase) with in-depthknowledge of key areas of the evaluation. Consultants must be strictly neutral. Conflicts ofinterests must be avoided. It is highly recommended at least for the team leader to be fullyfamiliar with the methodological approach set by the EC.

8. TIMINGAfter the approval of the launch note and the signature of the contract, the timing of activitieswill be set according to the following indicative work plan.The dates mentioned in the following section may be changed with the agreement of allconcerned.



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Evaluation Phases andStages

Notes and Reports Dates Meetings/Communications

Desk Phase

Structuring Stage Short presentation (logicaldiagram and EQ)

Late Oct. –early Nov.2008

RG Meeting

Draft Inception Report First week ofDecember2008

Optional: Short preparatory visit of theconsultants to the field.

Final Inception Report December2008

A formal exchange of letters between theConsultants and the Commission confirmsthe final composition of the evaluationteam and the final work plan and schedule.

Desk Study Draft Desk Report January 2009 RG Meeting

Final Desk Report February 2009

Field Phase March 2009 De-briefing meeting with the Delegation.

Presentation April 2009 RG Meeting

Synthesis phase (seminarin the country)

1st draft Final report April 2009 RG Meeting

Revised draft Final report May 2009Seminar in Botswana

60 copies of the report and 10 reports withfull printed annexes.

Final Main Report June 2009110 copies of the Final Main Report mustbe sent to the Evaluation Unit.

Additional 10 reports with all printedannexes must be sent to the EvaluationUnit as well.

NB: A country level evaluation takes about 12 months between signature of contract andapproval of the final report.

9. COST OF THE EVALUATIONThe overall costs include:

The evaluation as such;

2.5% of the total budget excluding the costs of the seminar are to be used for qualitycontrol;

A seminar in the country.

The total of these 3 elements must not exceed € 200.000.

NB: The budget for the seminar (fees, per diems and travel) will be presented separately inthe launch note.

10. PAYMENTS MODALITIESThe payments modalities shall be as follows:

- 30% on acceptance of the Inception Report, plus 2.5% of the agreed budget to be used forquality control;

- 50% on acceptance of the Draft Final Report;

- The balance on acceptance of the final report.

Seminar related costs are to be invoiced and paid separately.



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Appendix 1: Indicative documentation for the evaluation

General documentation- Communications of the Commission;

- Various regulations.

Country- CRIS14 (information on the projects and annual ROM15) and other databases concerning thefinanced projects, centralised projects, engagements, payments, etc;

- Cooperation strategies;

- Conclusions of the Mid-term and End-of-Term Reviews;

- Key government documents of planning and policy e.g. Vision 2016, NDPs;

- Evaluation reports of the projects;

- Relevant documentation provided by the local authorities and other local partners, andfinancial backers, etc.

The three following documents are to be handed to the Consultants:1- On access to the information contained by the ROM system for an evaluation;2- Methodological note from Euréval concerning North-South approach to country levelevaluations;3- Template for Cover page.

In addition, the consultant will have to consult the documentation available on Internet(DAC/OCDE and EU Inventory websites in particular) as well as the documentation listed oravailable within the Evaluation Unit (AIDCO/0/3 Library).

14 Common Relex Information System15 Results Oriented Monitoring



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Appendix 2: Overall Structure of the Final Report

The overall layout of the report is: Final report- Summary- Context of the evaluation- Answers to the evaluation questions- Conclusions (1)- Recommendations (2)Length: the final report must be kept short (70 pages maximum excluding annexes).Additional information regarding the context, the programme and the comprehensive aspectsof the methodology and of the analysis will be put in the annexes.

(1) Conclusions– The conclusions have to be assembled by homogeneous "clusters" (groups). It is not

required to set out the conclusions according to the 5 DAC criteria;

– The chapter on "Conclusions" has to contain a paragraph or a sub-chapter with the 3 to4 principal conclusions presented in order of importance;

– The chapter on "Conclusions" must also make it possible to identify subjects, for whichthere are good practices and the subjects, for which it is necessary to think aboutmodifications or re-orientations;

(2) Recommendations– Recommendations have to be linked to the conclusions without being a direct copy of

them;

– Recommendations have to be treated on a hierarchical basis and prioritised within thevarious clusters (groups) of presentation selected;

– Recommendations have to be realistic, operational and feasible. As far as it ispracticable, the possible conditions of implementation have to be specified;

– The chapter on "Recommendations" has to contain a sub-chapter or a specific paragraphcorresponding to the paragraph with the 3 to 4 principal conclusions. Therefore, foreach conclusion, options for action and the conditions linked to each action as well asthe likely consequences should be set out.

Annexes (non exhaustive)- National background- Methodological approach- Information matrix- Monograph, case studies- List of institutions and persons met- List of documents consulted- List of centralised projects- List of decentralised projects



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NOTE ON THE EDITING OF REPORTS

- The final report must: be consistent, concise and clear; be well balanced between argumentation, tables and graphs; be free of linguistic errors; include a table of contents indicating the page number of all the chapters listed

therein, a list of annexes (whose page numbering shall continue from that inthe report) and a complete list in alphabetical order of any abbreviations in thetext;

Contain one (or several) summaries presenting the main ideas. For example,the answers to the evaluation question and the main conclusions could besummarised and presented in a box.

- The executive summary has to be very short (max. 5 pages);- The final version of the report shall be typed in 1, 5 lines spacing and printed double sided,in DIN-A-4 format;- The font shall be easy to read (indicative size of the font: Times New Roman 12);- The presentation shall be well spaced (the use of graphs, tables and small paragraphs isstrongly recommended). The graphs must be clear (shades of grey produce better contrasts ona black and white printout);- The main report shall not exceed 70 pages including the cover page, the table of content, thelists of annexes and abbreviations. The annexes shall not be too long;- The content must have a good balance between main report and annexes;- Reports shall be glued or stapled; plastic spirals are not acceptable due to storage problems.

For the Cover page, please use the template mentioned in Annex 1.

Please, note that:

- The Consultant is responsible for the quality of translations and their conformity with theoriginal;- All data produced in the evaluation are property of the EC.



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Appendix 3 - Quality assessment grid

Concerning these criteria, the evaluationreport is:

Unaccep-table

Poor Good Very good Excellent

1. Meeting needs: Does the evaluationadequately address the information needs ofthe commissioning body and fit the terms ofreference?2. Relevant scope: Is the rationale of thepolicy examined and its set of outputs, resultsand outcomes/impacts examined fully,including both intended and unexpectedpolicy interactions and consequences?3. Defensible design: Is the evaluationdesign appropriate and adequate to ensure thatthe full set of findings, along withmethodological limitations, is madeaccessible for answering the main evaluationquestions?4. Reliable data: To what extent are theprimary and secondary data selectedadequate? Are they sufficiently reliable fortheir intended use?5. Sound analysis: Is quantitativeinformation appropriately and systematicallyanalysed according to the state of the art sothat evaluation questions are answered in avalid way?6. Credible findings: Do findings followlogically from, and are they justified by, thedata analysis and interpretations based oncarefully described assumptions andrationale?7. Validity of the conclusions: Does thereport provide clear conclusions? Areconclusions based on credible results?8. Usefulness of the recommendations: Arerecommendations fair, unbiased by personnelor shareholders’ views, and sufficientlydetailed to be operationally applicable?9. Clearly reported: Does the report clearlydescribe the policy being evaluated, includingits context and purpose, together with theprocedures and findings of the evaluation, sothat information provided can easily beunderstood?Taking into account the contextualconstraints on the evaluation, the overallquality rating of the report is considered.



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ANNEX 2 INTERVENTION LOGIC OF EC-COOPERATION WITH BOTSWANAEDF 9

Povertyreduction

Assumptions Macroeconomic stability, GDP-Growth rate of 5,2 % during NDP 8, 8 % for Vision 2016, Maintenance of present budget share for education, Inter-ministerial cooperation

GoB, NDP 8, 9:Sustainableeconomicdiversification,poverty red.

Sustainableeconomic. andsocialdevelopment

Integration intoworld economy

Framework, curricula Skilled labourforce (throughEducation &training, LLL)

1 add. Voc. Tr. Centre

EDF 8 ImpactsResults (outputs and outcomes)

Voc. Teacher Tr. Centre

Economicdiversification /Economic growth

Management improved

SME developed(preferably in non-urbanareas)

Rangelands, wildlife,forests conserved, usedin a sustainable manner

Benefits for ruralcommunities

Relevance improved

Quality improved

Equity, access improved

Improved Framework

EMIS, inspection

CS’ influence ondevelopment increased

Ecotourism

Managementcapacities,infrastructures, studies

Social and economicinfrastructure improved

Services (nat., local)

(RSP: RegionaleconomicIntegration)

Empowering CivilSociety

Income distributionimproved

Private SectorDevelopment

Natural ResourceUtilisation &Conservation

Micro-projects

RSP: HIV-AIDS

Private sectordevelopment

EDF 10

EQ1

EQ2

EQ3

EQ4

EQ5

(RSP: Trade andIntegration)

Capacity buildingfor NSA

SYSMINUnemployment in themining areas avoided

Exploration of newdeposits; diversification

Stable / increasedemployment

EQ8

EQ7

EQ6

EQ9

Training(VocationalTraining)

Awareness, tools,materials, best practices,monitoring results

Capacities increasedHIV-AIDSpolicies, practicesimproved

HRD (includingmainstreamingHIV-AIDS)

HRD (includingmainstreamingHIV-AIDS)

Capacity buildingfor MoLGLH Capacity for project

implementation improved

RSP: HIV-AIDS



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ANNEX 3 OVERVIEW OF EVALUATION QUESTIONS

Evaluation Question 1: Relevance (and Coherence) of the Cooperation Strategies

QE 1 To what extent do the strategies and the changes in the strategic orientation(concentration on one sector) reflect the development priorities of the EC, theGovernment of Botswana and the needs of its population, especially of itspoorer segments?

Comment /Utility

Relevance of a strategy to the needs of the population and coherence with national development

policies is one precondition for success. The findings from answering this question will contribute

to the analysis of the factors and reasons for successes (or failures) in the cooperation with

Botswana. Decision makers can use the findings to inform future programming under the

(already formulated) new CSP. Findings will also be able to contribute to the establishment of

accountability for the strategic orientation of past EC support.

Scope The question will examine the strategies and the corresponding programming of the activities of

the 8th, 9th, and 10th EDF.

JudgmentCriterion 1 /Indicators

1. EC strategy is coherent with (is a logical subset of) National policies and EU - priorities /policies for development cooperation and the internal logic is coherent

1.1. References made in the documents show the coherence with National policies and EUdevelopment priorities / policies.

1.2 Documents present a sound analysis of problems / needs, especially of the poorer sectionof the population?

1.3 Presentation of the problems and their relation to each other is complete and logical.

1.4 Stakeholders describe the strategy as complete and logical.


2. Target groups have been well chosen and participated in the definition of the strategy

2.1 Target groups, in particular the poorest among them, are clearly identified and described inthe documents with their view of the problems.

2.2 Mechanisms of TG / stakeholder participation in planning have been adapted to ensure theexpression of needs?

2.3 Constant (policy) dialogue with major stakeholders takes place (sector dialogue E&T: seeEQ 3)


3. Problem analysis in the programming documents is similar to problem description of majorstakeholders and target groups (felt needs)

3.1. Relation between stated needs and felt needs is clearly presented.

3.2 Stakeholders / Target groups see the EC-support as corresponding to the needs

Methods Analysis of documents (Vision 2016, NDP 8 and 9, NSPR, Sector policy papers; EUcommunications on development cooperation and sector policies; programming documentsof other donors, to compare the expressed views)

Semi-structured interviews with planners at EC in Brussels (DEV), in the delegation inBotswana, in the NAO and in the Government of Botswana (GoB)

Semi-structured interviews with representatives of other donors (mainly UNDP), NSA-organisations (to be identified during desk phase), and target group representatives (or inmeetings with target groups)

Inquiry atCentral Level

Interviews must address the role of the central level during the programming process(es), how

EC-development policies and national policies have been taken into consideration, and how

target group views have been considered; it must be discussed what motivated the changes of

the strategy from EDF 8 to 9 and to 10. Also documents illustrating the decisions and the

planning process will be analysed.

Inquiry atField Level

Interviews with the above mentioned stakeholders must address their view of target group

needs, how these are reflected in national documents, and how these documents and target

group views were taken into consideration during the programming process. Finally they should

give their appreciation of the result of the programming process and the internal logic of the

strategy and the changes in the strategy. (If feasible and necessary, focal group meetings with

target groups in the field can complete)



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Evaluation Question 2: Efficiency of the Implementation

QE 2 To what extent did the modalities of the implementation of interventions(resources, instruments, including sector budget support) contribute to theachievement of the objectives of the cooperation strategy?

Comment /Utility

The findings will help the administration to identify solutions for problems with planning and

administration of resources.

Scope Implementation procedures of all programmes of the EDF 8, 9, and 10


1. Human, financial and administrative resources necessary for the management and theimplementation of programmes and projects have been sufficient to achieve the expectedresults and impacts

1.1. Respect of planning documents (delays of financial agreements, recruitment of technicalassistants, payments)

1.2 Timeliness and Percentage of payments in comparison to the commitments

1.3 Adequacy between planning of resources and programme needs (to achieve the expectedresults)

1.4. Instruments complete each other, create added value, and help increasing efficiency


2. Sector Budget Support (SBS) has increased efficiency of aid delivery and improved policydialogue on education and training

2.1 Transaction costs reduced

2.2 Timely disbursements following agreed schedule

2.3. Improved policy dialogue


3. Degree of satisfaction of Government and civil society with the implementation modalitiesand the achieved results

3.1. Government comments on efficiency are positive

3.2 Comments of beneficiaries on efficiency are positive

Method - Analysis of documents: CSP, Disbursement plans, Financial Agreements, EAMR, JAR

- Semi-structured interviews with planners at EC in Brussels

- Semi-structured interviews with Delegation, NAO, Government officials, civil society

representatives, beneficiaries, other donors (if any)


Analysis of CRIS-data

Interviews must address the organisational and financial management issues


Interviews must address observations concerning management procedures and problems,

including the timely transfer of funds or other resources to end users

Evaluation Question 3: Effectiveness and Impact of Programmes in the HRD-Sector

QE 3 To what extent did EC-interventions successfully contribute to improving accessof all to high quality lifelong education and training and to increasingemployability and employment opportunities among young people?

Comment /Utility

Access, equity, relevance, quality, and sector management are the main areas for the

development of the education and training system. The findings will help to identify bottlenecks

that planers / implementers can consider for future planning (e.g. programming of the 10th EDF;

definition of indicators for budget support). Findings can also be used in policy dialogue in the

framework of the sector wide management approach and the attribution of budget support.

Scope EC invested in HRD during 8th, 9th, and 10th EDF. Private Sector Development with the

intention to promote SME was the complementing element to training during the 8th EDF. SME

development has also been an objective of other support activities (e.g. micro-projects,

SYSMIN). Diversification was another objective of the development efforts.


1. Access to education and equity have improved

1.1 Increased no. of Voc. Training Centres and training places compared to the demand

1.2 Net enrolment rates and drop-out rates (non-attendance and repetition rates

1.3 Equity indicators (gender, social, geographical)

1.4. Indicators and sector dialogue allow to address equity (and poverty issues) efficiently



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2. Relevance and quality of Education and Training have improved

2.1. Mechanisms for increase of relevance set in place (research, counselling bodies,meetings....)

2.2 Change in pass rates, examinations, transition rates (gender specific)

2.3 Stakeholders, mainly employers, judge the skills provided in general education and TVETas relevant and the quality as adequate

2.4 Stakeholders confirm an increase in relevance and quality


3. Sector management has improved in areas supported by EC

3.1 Quality of planning and management (per reports, statistics and as seen by differentstakeholders) has increased

3.2 Regularity of inspection improved (also as means of quality assessment)

3.3 Monitoring and Evaluation data used to correct and revise programming and operations inthe sector (as seen by different stakeholders)

3.4 Target groups / stakeholders see a contribution of the EC-support to improvements in themanagement capacity of the Ministry / the ministries (including an increase of coordinationbetween different ministries and between GoB and NSA)


4. Young people find employment or opportunities for further education or training

4.1 Job opportunities for young people increased

4.2 Employment figures (general, regional, sectoral, according to gender, according toeducational status across regions)

4.3 Percentage of school leavers, especially from supported TVET colleges, who findemployment

4.4. Target groups / stakeholders confirm a contribution of the EC-support to employmentcreation

Method Analysis of documents (Financial agreements, monitoring and evaluation reports of theprogrammes and projects, evaluation reports of the different EDF, Joint Annual Reports,Management reports of the Delegation, Reports and Statistics of the MoESD, …)

Contribution analysis: Semi-structured interviews with planners at EC in Brussels (DEV andAIDCO) and in the delegation in Botswana, former and actual technical assistants atprogramme level

Contribution analysis: Semi-structured interviews with representatives of GoB, mainlyMoESD and other donors (if still available in the country)

Contribution analysis: Semi-structured interviews with representatives of the private sector(to be identified during desk phase)


Interviews must address the changes in the country and sector strategies and how the chosen

sector strategies are supposed to contribute to the overall country strategy. How does the EC

intend to ensure that the sector strategy is supporting the country strategy, including the aspect

of employment creation and diversification through HRD?


Analysis of sector related statistics and regional statistics on employment and diversification in

the economic sector

Interviews on the HRD strategy and the promotion of employment and diversification

Field visits can help to illustrate the findings and to get local views.



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Evaluation Question 4: Effectiveness and Impact of Programmes in the NRM-Sector

QE 4 To what extent did EC support in NRM contribute to improvement of themanagement, to conservation (including biodiversity), to diversification and toincome generation, especially in rural areas?

Comment /Utility

NRM was a concentration area of the 8th EDF. Dialogue on DRM and environment between EC

and Botswana will be a continuing issue even though NRM is not a focal area anymore in EDF 9

and 10. The findings will provide additional information for this dialogue.

Scope Achievements of intended impacts / effects of the strategy of NRM related support and their

contribution to the achievement of the country strategy (EDF 8)


1. Management capacity is enhanced at central government level, district level, non-governmental and local level (NSA, communities/user groups)

1.1. Resource tenure clarified and secured

1.2 Adequate institutional frameworks for local user groups and rural communities exist

1.3 Communities and local user groups participate in management, planning and design ofmanagement/use arrangements

1.4 Raised environmental awareness, acceptance for wildlife/biodiversity protection, and activeparticipation of rural communities in conservation measures


2. Infrastructures (in and around parks) have been improved

2.1. Kind and scope/extent of newly established facilities and upgraded services

2.2 New infrastructures are used


3. Natural resources (in and around parks) have been protected, conserved, and validated /valorised (used)

3.1. Number of areas (with high biodiversity?) protected

3.2 Value-chains developed for as range of bio-resources with economic potential (productsand services


4. Rural communities and National actors (like tour operators) benefit (more) from thevalidation / valorisation of NRM (e.g. from tourism)

4.1. Nr. of newly created economic activities, enterprises and/or user-groups/community-basedorganisations (CBO)

4.2. Development of employment figures (in concerned rural areas), as well as enrolment inuser-groups/ CBOs

4.3 Improvement of living conditions (consumption, new consumer goods, self-assessment oftarget groups, estimation of other stakeholders)

Method Analyses (desk-studies) of project documents (log-frames, progress-reports, evaluationreports) against specific EC-support strategies (CSP/NIP) and national developmentstrategies

Analyses (desk-studies) of relevant interventions supported by other donors (bilateral aswell as international)

Semi-structured interviews with resource persons on multiple levels (EU-Delegation, GoB,local governments, NGOs, local/regional socio-economic associations/user groups


Information gathering on the central level primarily aims to assess in how far EC-support has

been designed in accordance with pertinent national policies/strategies and EC-programmes

(relevance). The gradual shift in focus, away from NRM-support, needs to be re-traced and

justified, and summary conclusions about the aggregate effects of EC-support to NRM shall be

drawn. Based on the reconstructed intervention-logic, the assessment will ascertain/verify pro-

poor effects of EC-support. Information gathering likewise shall assess the degree to which EC-

supported interventions were aligned with those supported by other donors (coherence,

complementarity).


Inquiries on the field level primarily serve to assess the performance and lasting impact

(effectiveness & sustainability) of individual interventions on the target-groups identified. They

likewise serve to cross-reference, and validate findings from the central level.



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Evaluation Question 5: Effectiveness and Impact of Non-focal Programmes and Projects,notably Micro-projects

QE 5 How did the major programmes in the non-focal areas and some otherinterventions of the EC contribute to the objectives of the strategy, mainly to theimprovement of income distribution and poverty reduction in rural areas?

Comment /Utility

Activities in the non-focal area often have a complementary function to the focal areas. Findings

will help planners and implementers to see the linkages between different areas of intervention

and may draw conclusions for the future.

Scope Non-focal area programmes and their contribution to the achievement of the objectives of the

country strategy (EDF 8, 9); Micro-projects, Support to trade, investment, public service reforms,

Regional programmes (integration, trade, environment), Budget lines, SYSMIN (EDF 8), EIB


1. Micro-projects had an impact on rural livelihoods

1.1. Reports and Target groups confirm improvements in living conditions

1.2 Other stakeholders confirm improvements / effects on income disparities


2. MoLG and supported NSA became more efficient and more active for (local) development

2.1. Increase in activities and projects

2.2 Relevant stakeholders confirm the increasing role of NSA and MoLG for (local)development


3. The use of SYSMIN funds led to the preservation of jobs in the mining sector and thecreation of new employment opportunities outside the mining sector

3.1 Production and employment figures in the mining sector

3.2 No. of new enterprises, new employment opportunities


4. The support to regional integration and trade (activities from country and regional strategy)and the attraction of FDI have had an impact on Botswana’s foreign trade, employment andeconomic diversification

4.1 Increase in intraregional exports and imports

4.2 Development of FDI

4.3 Business organisations confirm impact on employment and economic diversification


5. Quota arrangements under the Beef Protocol (up to 2007) have been important for andrural development

5.1 Development in beef production, including smallholder production

5.2 Development in control of animal diseases

Method Analysis of documents (Monitoring and evaluation reports of the different programmes, JAR,National statistics)

Semi-structured interviews with planners at EC in Brussels, the EC delegation, GoB,business organisations and NGOs in Botswana.

Semi-structured interviews with representatives of other donors (mainly Germany, UN andthe WB.,

Case studies (concerning effectiveness and impacts of micro-projects)


Interviews must address the (expected and observed) impacts of the different programmes

individually and their contribution to the expected impacts of the country strategy.


Analysis of national and regional statistics

Interviews must address the changes and the contribution of EC-support to the changes

Field visits must be used to analyse the role of NSA in local development processes (e.g. linked

to the Micro-projects programme)



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Evaluation Question 6: HIV-AIDS

QE 6 To what extent has HIV-AIDS been taken sufficiently into consideration by theEC (for the achievement of the objectives of the cooperation strategy)?

Comment /Utility

The EC decided to intervene only at a very limited scale on HIV-AIDS since other initiatives and

donors seem to address the problem sufficiently. However, it is still important for the EC to

determine if, within its sectoral programmes, it has sufficiently taken into account the specific

challenges that the HIV-AIDS epidemic poses for the development of Botswana. The findings

will help planners and implementers to conclude on this issue and to confirm or revise the EC

decision move out of direct substantive support of Botswana’s HIV and AIDS response.

Scope Activities to combat HIV-AIDS financed from country and regional sources during 8th, 9th, and

10th EDF, activities of the Government and other donors (including the utilisation of financial

means from the Global Fund).


1. Mainstreaming was effective in all EC-financed programmes (especially in the educationand training sector)

1.1. Programming documents and reports mention specific activities

1.2 Achievements are reported (e.g. HIV-AIDS education in schools)


2. Activities financed under the RIP contributed to mitigate the negative effects of the epidemic

2.1. National Policy development has profited from regional inputs

2.2. Other achievements are reported


3. Activities of the Government and other donors (including the utilisation of means from theglobal fund) have achieved considerable impacts in the fight against HIV-AIDS

3.1 National statistics show improvements

Method Analysis of programming documents and reports whether and how programmes arerespecting the aspect of mainstreaming HIV-AIDS

Semi-structured interviews at central level with the technical department responsible for theEC response to HIV-AIDS in the Southern African hemisphere

Semi-structured interviews in Botswana with the Delegation, Government officials (namelyMoESD), a representative of the National HIV-AIDS Programme, representatives of civilsociety


Interviews must address how HIV-AIDS has been mainstreamed in all interventions, what results

have been achieved by this, whether this is sufficient and how EC can reinforce its contribution

to cope with the epidemic (in sector programmes and in programmes financed under the RIP)


Interviews must address the same questions as above. Additionally, programme achievements

and perspectives should be discussed with of National AIDS-programmes should to how this can

affect the EC-intervention strategy

Evaluation Question 7: Cross-cutting Issues

QE 7 To what extent has the consideration of key cross-cutting issues (CCI: gender,environment; HIV-AIDS is under EQ 7) in planning and implementation of ECsupport contributed to achieving the objectives of Commission support toBotswana?

Comment /Utility

Among the number of CCI, gender and environment have been identified as those CCI that have

to be included to the analysis. HIV-AIDS is considered in a separate EQ. The findings will help to

strengthen CCI in further programming and implementation of programmes.

Scope Gender equity and respect of environmental issues during planning and implementation of the

programmes of EDF 8, 9, and 10 and their impacts on the cooperation strategy


1. Gender and Environmental issues have been considered during planning, in the planningdocuments (e.g. as indicators), and are followed up during programme implementation

1.1. Documents and planning matrices mention CCI

1.2 Gender questions and environmental issues have been considered in programmeimplementation (components or entire programmes on gender or environment)

1.3 CCI are regularly monitored and mentioned in monitoring reports



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2. Specific activities and programmes are addressing gender, environmental issues andgovernance (e.g. from budget lines or TCF)

2.1. No. of Gender programmes and their reported effects

2.2. No. of environmental activities/programmes and their reported effects

2.3. No. of programmes addressing governance and their reported effects


3. Effects on gender and environmental issues can be observed in the areas of ECintervention

3.1. General figures (key indicators) on gender equity, environment

3.2 Reports and stakeholders state progress in CCI areas in EC supported programmes

Method Analysis of planning documents, monitoring reports, programme reports and evaluations

Semi-structured interviews at central level with technical departments in AIDCO

Semi-structured interviews in Botswana with representatives of the delegation and technicalstaff responsible for programme implementation, Government officials, representatives ofCivil society


Questions concerning gender aspects and environmental issues must be included in all

interviews. Specific questions must address the mechanisms through which it had been made

sure that CCI are considered in planning and implementation (e.g. monitoring procedures).

Finally, results and impacts have to be discussed.


Same as above. In addition, at the level of beneficiaries, impacts have to be verified.

Evaluation Question 8: Sustainability of Achievements

QE 8 To what extent are the achievements of the programmes and projects of the EC-support strategy likely to be sustainable?

Comment /Utility

Impacts analysed in previous questions must be long-term impacts that last after the end of the

intervention. Participation of beneficiaries and important stakeholders during planning and

implementation has proven a powerful means to increase sustainability. Sustainability can be

measured at the levels of outputs, at the level of impacts and at the level of ongoing processes.

Sustainability can be affected by influences from outside that very often are formulated as

assumptions, conditions or external factors under which the strategy can achieve its impacts in a

sustainable manner.

Scope Sustainability of programme impacts of all programmes of EDF 8, 9, and 10.


1. EC Contributions (e.g.: outputs / outcomes of EC projects) are taken up by developmentpartners and are utilised in subsequent (economic) development activities.

1.1. Degree of development partners’ participation in all planning and implementation steps andsuccessful capacity building measures

1.2 Examples of successful uptakes of development processes


2. The assumptions from the intervention logic (macro-economic stability, GDP-growth rates,influence of HIV and population growth, also refugees from Zimbabwe) did not negativelyaffect sustainability of the results and impacts of the cooperation strategy

2.1. Figures on macro-economic stability, growth rates, influence of HIV and population growth,refugees, effects mentioned in reports

2.2 Stakeholders judgement on the influence of external factors

Method Analysis of documents like monitoring reports and evaluations, national statistics

Questions must be considered in interviews at central level with the same resource personsfrom DEV and AIDCO for the other EQs.

Questions must also be included in interviews in Botswana with the Delegation,Government officials, representatives of civil society and other donor agencies (mainlyUNDP)


Interviews must include questions concerning sustainability of impacts and processes as well as

factors that contributed to or affected sustainability.


Same as above. In addition, interviews and observations at field level have to complete the

statements at central and national level.



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Evaluation Question 9: Coherence, Coordination, Complementarity, and Value Added

QE 9 To what extent has the Commission’s support to Botswana been coordinatedwith those of other donors and how coherent and complementary has it been toother policies and actions of the European Commission and other donors, andhow has it added value to the support offered by EU Member States?

Comment Coherence, coordination and complementarity of the interventions of different donors are

important in order to avoid duplications and waste of resources. The coherence with EC aid and

non-aid policies is another aspect of this question. Finally, the aspect of value added of EC-

interventions with respect to bilateral interventions seems to be of minor importance in Botswana

since bilateral cooperation has been phased out.

Scope Coordination, complementarity, coherence and value added of EC interventions (EDF 8, 9, 10)


1. EC-activities are coherent with and complementary to activities of other donors

2.1. Coherence and complementarity in planning documents and during implementation

2.2 Stakeholders confirm coherence and complementarity (e.g. in the sector of VET)


2. The country strategy for Botswana is in line with major EU aid and non-aid policies

3.1 No conflict of interests and objectives with non-aid policies


3. Added value of EC activities in relation to European bilateral cooperation is visible

3.1. Stakeholders confirm value added of EC-interventions


4. Mechanisms of coordination are set in place and are operational

4.1. GoB plays a key role in donor coordination

4.2 Participation in planning procedures of each other


5. Added value of EC-activities in relation to European bilateral cooperation is visible

5.1 Stakeholders confirm value added of EC-interventions

Method Analysis of documents like CSP, programming documents (FA), JAR,

Consideration of these aspects in interviews at central level with officials in DEV, and thosewho participated in planning and programming exercises, and who are responsible for themonitoring of programmes and of the strategy.

Consideration in interviews in Botswana at the Delegation, Government officials, otherdonors, representatives of civil society


Interviews must address the coherence of the country strategy and its objectives and expected

results, as well as the coherence of the modes of delivery with EU aid and non-aid policies, and

other policy initiatives like the Paris Declaration


Interviews must address the coordination mechanisms (if any), the coherence and

complementarity with strategies and programmes of other donor agencies (and the value added

to bilateral cooperation strategies - if any)



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ANNEX 4 INFORMATION MATRIX

EQ 1: To what extent do the strategies and the changes in the strategic orientation (concentration on one sector) reflect the developmentpriorities of the EC, the Government of Botswana and the needs of its population, especially of its poorer segments?

Answer tothe EQ

Overall, the EC response strategy is closely in line with GoB strategies as laid out in the NDPs and the Vision 2016. All major reviewdocuments confirm the relevance of the strategy and its coherence with GoB policies and EC aid policies (for example the Cotonou Agreementthat emphasises poverty reduction, sustainable economic and social development and integration into the world market with HRD as one ofthe priority fields of cooperation). Concentrating cooperation on a single sector (HRD) and dropping NRM was consensually agreed by the ECand GoB. This move is also in line with the DG-DEV-orientation on country programming to reduce the number of focal areas according to theoverall amount of EU aid to a given country.

The evolution of EC strategy over time shows a clear tendency towards intensified participation of non-governmental stakeholders from EDF8through EDF9 and 10. Recently stakeholder participation has also become a principle embodied in the ongoing adaptation of the strategy(through stakeholder meetings at central and local levels during annual assessments of the indicators of budget support). There is evidencethat the needs of poorer segments of the target population are more likely to be taken into consideration in the fine tuning of strategies andinterventions (see EQ3). Major stakeholders, including other donors confirm the relevance of EC interventions to target groups in Botswana(although impacts are difficult to be seen - see below).

Judgementcriteria (JC)

1. EC strategy is coherent with (is a logicalsubset of) National policies and EU -priorities / policies for developmentcooperation and the internal logic iscoherent

2. Target groups and / or organisationsrepresenting them and their interests havebeen clearly identified and participated inthe definition and the ongoing adaptationof the strategy

3. Problem analysis in the programmingdocuments is similar to problemdescription of major stakeholders andtarget groups (felt needs)

Answer tothe JC

The development priorities of Botswana aslaid down in the NDPs 8 and 9 clearly focuson (socio-) economic issues in connectionwith sustainability, including environmentalsustainability. The main objectives of thenational strategies focus on diversification ofthe economy and the creation of employmentopportunities. Already in NIP 8 the ECexpresses its supports for this strategy byaccepting the upgrading of human resourcesas one of the pre-conditions for economicdevelopment. For EDF8 no CSP exists, sothat there is no full description of the strategy

Strategy documents of the EC all mentiondialogue with civil society stakeholders andseem to extend a general invitation for theirparticipation. The same applies to individualswho have also been encouraged toparticipate. Some CSO and NGO haveparticipated in workshops on the preparationof EDFs 9 and 10, but it is not clear how farthey could present the views of thedisadvantaged groups and the population indisadvantaged areas. Civil Societyorganisations are often described as lackingcapacity, which may have hampered their

Official partners from various ministriescontacted during the field mission confirm, orat least do not contradict, that the problemview expressed in programming documentscorresponds to reality. During focus groupmeetings stakeholders described the situationvery similarly to the descriptions indocuments. In some cases, the views of thestakeholders are more optimistic than thedescription in EC documents (for example thequestion of how long mining will contribute tothe national income). The few remarks onproblems in Botswana made in interviews



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and the reasoning behind the decisions. Butthe few pages of the NIP clearly show theintention of allowing sufficient coherencebetween the EC and the GoB to allow theemergence of a single development strategy.

This orientation is pursued in EDF9 andEDF10, and it is even reinforced by thedropping of the second focal sector (NRM)and full concentration on the HRD sector. Thelack of an educated and skilled workforce isnow clearly stated as the major constraint toBotswana’s economic development. The CSPof the EDF9 gives more reasons for thedecision to concentrate on one sector, forexample

the comparative advantage of the EC inthe HRD sector,

the significant magnitude of the resourceswhen concentrated in one sector and thelikeliness of increased impact (andvisibility)

16,

the prominent place that education andtraining occupies on the list ofcooperation priorities in the ACP/EUPartnership Agreement.

The national documents identify the lack of askilled labour force as one of the majorbottlenecks for economic diversification anddevelopment. The concentration of the ECresponse strategy on HRD as a single focalsector is in line with this national priority andincluded in the national HRD strategy that iscurrently in process of elaboration.

In conclusion, EC and national strategies arestrongly related to each other and EC

participation. Nevertheless their contributionsare often highlighted. On the other hand,reports also state that participation by theprivate sector had been rather low.

In programming documents target groups areusually identified as generic groups (forexample the rural poor or disadvantagedgroups, or women). In strategy papers, thedescription of results mentions that specificattention should be given to one or all ofthese target groups or target areas. SeveralEC documents point to the lack of a cleardescription and analysis of the povertysituation in Botswana. This may be thereason that target groups are only mentionedin a general way. In recent years, thesecretary to the Multi-Sectoral Committee forPoverty Reduction presents Annual PovertyMonitoring Reports that also state that up-to-date data is missing.

Stakeholder meetings in rural or otherdisadvantaged areas as part of the planningprocess are not reported. In connection withthe large support to the mining sector, thelocal trade unions and local governmentrepresentatives claimed that they had notbeen involved in decisions relating to theprogramme. Only recently, during the jointannual assessment of the achievements ofthe E&T SPSP indicators, have target groupsfrom local areas (or even disadvantagedareas) been associated with the discussions.This may help adapt chosen strategiesaccording to the findings.

with other donors (see annex 9) are similarthan those presented in EC programmingdocuments.

Target group views or felt needs are notpresented in the main strategy documents.Views presented are those of GoB and officialstatistics. On the other hand, nationalplanning is done in a bottom-up approach.Community Development Committees identifytheir needs; local governments are collecting,streamlining and transferring the needs to thecentral level, where they are integrated intothe planning process. This should, at least intheory contribute to ensuring that planning isbased on the felt needs of the finalbeneficiaries.

16 Actually, the word “significant” is difficult to understand when the Botswana 2009/10 education budget is of P9bn, and the EC disbursement of around P70mn represents less than 1%!



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strategies are responding to nationalstrategies. All major review and evaluationreports are confirming the coherence of theresponse strategy, and its relevance to, thenational strategies. A slight difference can beobserved in the importance that is given tothe area of poverty reduction. The ECfocuses more directly on poverty reductioncompared to the national development plans.National strategies do not neglect the povertyaspect but are not putting it at the centre (it isone result of the development strategy thatcentres on the stimulation of economicgrowth) whereas the EC advocates a pro-poor strategy. The EC focus on povertybecomes evident in the way the EC hasformulated its objectives, in that it pledges tofocus activities on disadvantaged groups(women, rural dwellers, ethnic minorities) anddisadvantaged areas. While poverty reductionis one of the objectives of Vision 2016 andNDPs, its place in these strategies is lesscentral than in EC documents where it is theultimate goal of the whole strategy (accordingto MDG1 and the Cotonou Agreement).

Under EDF8 the EC had pledged to supportrural and even remote areas through ruraldevelopment as its second focal sector. Thesame applied to the MPP. However, theprogrammes of the second focal sector neverreached community level (see EQ4), and theMPP only reached a very limited number oflocal communities (30 micro-projects for allBotswana). For EDF9, the second focalsector was dropped and the experience of thelow impact of the MPP on the livelihoods ofdisadvantaged groups led to the decision tobroaden the basis by building up the capacity

There is a clear tendency to increase theinvolvement of target groups (includingdisadvantaged groups) in strategy decisionsvia the mechanisms of the JAA applied in theE&T SPSP. Constant policy dialogue isincreasing, not only in the focal area but alsoon general policy issues, including povertyissues.



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of the intermediate organisations, the MoLGand NGOs. Reports highlight implementationproblems in these two interventions andsuggest reduced commitment of theGovernment to the approach.

The decision to pull out from the NRM sectorseems to have been accelerated byimplementation problems within this sector(see EQ4). The reasons given are not soevident in strategy papers. The CSP forEDF9 states that all major objectives in theNRM sector have been achieved and thatother donors are active in the NRM sector.The first argument may mainly be based onachievements under EDFs 6 and 7, and lessto the problems reported in implementation ofEDF8. The second argument is not veryconvincing since donors do not have a veryprominent role in Botswana’s NRM sector. Atthat time there were only minor interventionsfrom the Netherlands and UNDP (see abovethe description of interventions of otherdonors in 2.2).

Finally the reduction to one sector is mainlydue to the fact that the programmingguidelines for EDF9 propose limitingcooperation in a country like Botswana, withan envelope of around €50million, to onefocal sector. And it seems that the Delegationhas not been too concerned about thislimitation.

Apart from these observations, the evolutionof the strategy from EDF8 to EDFs 9 and 10seems logical; however, doubts remain as towhether it was appropriate.

Poverty reduction and HRD are prioritytargets in all guiding documents for EC



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development cooperation. The support topolicy dialogue on Governance and publicsector reform, as well as to “trade fordevelopment”, are in line with the CotonouAgreement.

The internal coherence and internal logic ofthe EC strategy are sufficient even thoughproblem analyses in the CSP are notpresented in a very systematic way. This ismore evident for EDF8 than for EDFs 9 and10. The reduction to one sector ofintervention did not lead to a reduction of thedesired impacts. This leads to theobservation that the postulated impacts lookvery ambitious for the reduced strategy(although HRD is an important area).

Indicator(s) 1.1 References made in the documents showthe coherence with National policies and EUdevelopment priorities / policies

2.1 Target groups, in particular the poorestamong them, are clearly identified anddescribed in the documents with their view ofthe problems.

3.1 Relation between stated needs and feltneeds is clearly presented.

NIP 8: References are made to

o article 282/Lomé IV; articles 233-237concerning EIB facility, p. 1-2

o Objective of NDP 8, p.2, 3

o Overall objective of cooperation andNDP 8 identical (diversification), p. 2 and3

o Sector policies and Governmentcommitments are presented beforedescribing community support

o HRD: Complementarity between supportto training through cooperation anddiversification/SME-developmentthrough GoB

o NRM: National policy and strategypapers and newly created institutions

NIP 8: No mention, except that specialemphasis in TVET shall be given to women;also mentioned: disadvantaged areas, ruralpeople, but no analysis of their situationand views

CSP/NIP 9:

o Ethnic minorities, p. 4

o Civil society/NGOs described as weak,p. 5

o 50% poor households; in rural areas40% very poor, female headedhouseholds more concerned, p.8

o Description of problems is general; nodescription of problem view of targetgroups/organisations

o Problem description of NDP is referred

NIP 8: No mention

CSP 9: No mention

GoB has recognised HRD as critical foremployment creation…

MTR SPSP recommends: Field trips of JAAshould include focus group meetings withteachers, students, parents and communityleaders to discuss critical issues like cost-sharing, early leaving from secondaryschools, access for disadvantaged groupsetc.

JAAs confirm that it is done.



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mentioned

CSP/NIP 9:

o Switch from Diversification to Povertyreduction; NDP does not mention anoverall objective, but a “theme”, which isSustainable Economic Diversification.MTR of NDP 8 says poverty is the majorchallenge (CSP, p. 4)

o EC partly financed a study on povertythat is based on data of 1993/1994 andpublished in 1997; CSP refers to thisstudy

o Priorities of GoB for poverty reductionare: high and diversified growth of theeconomy, higher employment and astrong social safety net

o Choice of HRD in order to support GoBpolicies for diversification of theeconomy, creation of employmentopportunities and reduction of poverty

o E&T figures in first place among thethemes listed in the ACP/EU partnershipagreement (Cotonou Agreement)

CSP/NIP 10, p. 29: The focus on povertywill also be amplified through assisting GoBin improving its statistical capacity foraddressing poverty, mainstreaming povertyinto all programmes, in improving theefficiency and effectiveness of specific anti-poverty programmes (including by bettermatching them to specific needs of sub-groups), and through increasingcoordination of donor and GoBinterventions, with the Inter-ministerialCommittee on Poverty Reduction as a leadin this area.

MTR: Government’s contribution in

to (p. 10)

CSP 10, p. 57 (annex 5): the programmingguidelines were circulated to allstakeholders (including the NSAs); 2 WS, 1presentation

Private sector representation was,unfortunately, limited (although invited!)

MPP3: Review Report: Appropriate criteriafor guiding the selection of beneficiarygroups have not been developed; attemptsto involve District staff in the appraisalprocess had not been successful; notenough local ownership

NSA: All types of intermediaryorganisations mixed in one programme withdifferent offers of support may have led tounclear expectations and confusion



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programmes co-financed with the EDFrepresents over 50%, a very substantialproportion which testifies to its commitmentto these joint undertakings.

Besides the ongoing EDF-supportedprojects of Francistown College ofTechnical and Vocational Education andAugmentation of GTC/ATTC facilities inGaborone, major activities under domesticresources include Oodi College of AppliedArts and Technology, Tsabong and KasaneTechnical Colleges and the upgrading ofthe Brigades training facilities into a modernteacher education centre. Moreover, anexpansion programme for all (senior)secondary schools is continuing and isexpected to be completed in 2004. Accessto quality education and training for childrenor people with disabilities and/or specialneeds is given strong emphasis. Progressis being made on expanding the vocationaltraining system to meet the needs of thelabour market.

1.2 Documents present a sound analysis ofproblems / needs, especially of the poorersection of the population?

2.2 Mechanisms of TG / stakeholderparticipation in planning have been adaptedto ensure the expression of needs

3.2 Stakeholders / Target groups see the EC-support as corresponding to the needs

NIP 8: No (only problem mentioned:overgrazing, p. 7)

CSP/NIP 9:

o p. 4: Ethnic minorities aredisadvantaged; “poverty is also an issuein the context of civil rights”.

o Unemployment, p.7;

o Annex 3: Disparity in income and wealthdistribution: mainly between urban andrural areas; in rural areas RAD, mostly

NIP 8: No information available

CSP/NIP 9: “Continuous process”; dialoguewith government and civil societystakeholders; three planning workshops;consensus on HRD as single focal sector

NSA have been contacted: UB, private andchurch-run educational establishments,teacher’s trade unions, BOCCIM, chamberof commerce, youth federation, women’sorganisations, BOCONGO

Ministries, NSA/CS, Donors confirmedwithout giving reasons for their answer.

(UNDP explained already not to know verymuch about EC-activities - offices of the fewremaining donors are in Pretoria)



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ethnic minorities are concerned mostseriously. Geographically, these peoplelive in the North-West, South-West andthe central region.

o A hierarchy of some problems ispresented in the text.

o Since data was old already at the time ofthe CSP, the need for new studies isexpressed.

o There is no need assessment presentedin the document; the text just refers tothe known development goals (growth,diversification etc.); pro growth insteadof pro-poor strategy

o Development programmes failed, socialsecurity programmes; criticism: failed toproduce desired impact.

Consultations with EU-member states,UNDP, SADC

Workshops were advertised and open tothe general public: interested people came(CSP, p. 16)

The MFDP and MoESD, in December,proposed to meet stakeholders to discussthe NDP 10 chapter on education before itgoes to Parliament for approval.

FA, NSA: Result 1: NSA capacity toparticipate in policy planning and strategydevelopment is improved/2: skills in relationto good governance are improved

MTR SPSP: The JAA process is not verymuch known to a wider group of MoESDstaff

1.3 Presentation of the problems and theirrelation to each other is complete and logical

2.3 Constant (policy) dialogue with majorstakeholders takes place (sector dialogueE&T: see EQ 3)

NIP 8: No presentation

CSP/NIP 9: Problems presented in non-systematic way

UNDP says: “no dialogue, but EC-Delegatehas taken an initiative”

CSP 10, p. 27: Political dialogue at highlevel and general policy issues. … Informalmeetings and contacts at technical level arefrequent and productive. However, there isa need for more formal meetings at higherlevel between Line Ministries, the NAO’sOffice and the Delegation for coordinationand strategic planning, at a periodicity andalong agendas to be reviewed and agreed.

Non-State actors are regularly consulted,although the tight deadlines for thedevelopment of these documents seriouslyhamper the effectiveness of thisconsultation. Efficient and structured

1.4 Stakeholders describe the strategy ascomplete and logical.

No comments have been made on thisissue during field mission interviews, exceptgiving confirmation without any reasoning



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dialogue with NSA is constrained by theirlack of organisation, appropriaterepresentation and weak informationdissemination.

Annex 8: List of Government commitmentsshows the wide range of policy issues thatare addressed

FA, NSA: Result 1: NSA capacity toparticipate in policy planning and strategydevelopment is improved/2: skills in relationto good governance are improved



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EQ 2: To what extent did the modalities of the implementation of interventions (resources, instruments, including sector budget support)contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the cooperation strategy and to increase aid efficiency?

Answer to theEQ

EC procedures did not affect achievement of the objectives of the country strategy. Delays at programme level have been manageable. Thequality of TA seems to have been adequate. In one case, problems with long-term TA may have affected the efficiency of the programme(WCMP). Overall, focusing on a single focal sector as well as shifting to budget support as the main instrument of aid delivery has led to anincrease in efficiency of EC assistance, even though in the beginning some problems occurred in the handling of budget support, mainly on theside of the EC (causing delays with disbursements: slow handling in EC HQ due to absence of deadlines). Policy dialogue has increased.

Resources seem to have been well calculated to achieve the programme results. Where there have been problems with the achievement ofthe objectives at programme level, they have been caused by technical problems (in construction projects) or by unclear definition ofobjectives and implementation strategies (for example in the area of NRM, see EQ 4, or in the area of support to NSA and MoLG, see EQ 5).

It seems obvious that the new aid delivery modalities (budget support accompanied by short-term TA) have sped up processes that had beenpending for a long time. This will contribute to a faster achievement of sector objectives but also of those formulated for the cooperation as awhole.


1. Instrument mix as well as human, financialand administrative resources necessaryfor the management and the timelyimplementation of interventions have beenadequate to achieve the expected resultsand impacts

2. Sector Budget Support (SBS) hasincreased efficiency of aid delivery andimproved policy dialogue on education andtraining

3. Government and civil society are satisfiedwith the implementation modalities (andthe achieved results)

Answer tothe JC

Indicator(s)

During the last ten years, EC cooperationwith Botswana has largely switched fromproject and programme support withintegrated long-term TA (EDFs 7 and 8) tosector budget support accompanied by policydialogue and the use of short termconsultancies from the TCF (during EDF9).Nevertheless, the programme approach isstill used under EDF9 (support to NSA andMoLG) and will be used under EDF10(support to CS).

In most cases projects started more or lesson time (see annex 4). Delays of up to sixmonths are still acceptable. Only fewprogrammes from the regional budget startedwith a longer delay. Problems have been

There is not much doubt that SBS led toincreased sector policy dialogue with manypractical outputs (see EQ 3). Indicators fromthe SBS help to structure the sector dialogueand have led to an acceleration of work onmany issues that had been pending for manyyears (see EQ 3). Bilateral meetings,meetings of the steering committee (four peryear) and the joint annual assessments havecreated an environment of increasinglystrengthened policy dialogue. It also seemsthat the general policy dialogue with thegovernment has profited from the newdynamic. The TCF has turned out to be anefficient tool for supporting sector-specificand general policy dialogue.

Comments collected in the country during thefield visit confirm that the introduction of SBSis appreciated since it helps avoiding doubleprocedures (statement in the MoFDP). On theother hand, where programme support is stillin use, officials of the MoMEWR (who had tostop a tender because bidders were deterredby the expected lengthy procedures) as wellas some NSA (waiting for more than a yearbefore a call for proposals had beenlaunched) complained about lengthy ECprocedures (which is a very commoncomment in many countries).

Comments on the level of satisfaction withthe results of the EC support were positive,but also reflected a certain politeness. Even



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observed with the duration of someprogrammes. It seems that implementationtimes have either been underestimated orthat unforeseen problems have occurred.There are also delays in disbursements(budget support, SYSMIN-funds) and thesupply of TA (for example GTC, Taxadministration reform, NSA). Delays haveoccurred in all types of cooperation even withbudget support (see JC2). At programmelevel, programmes with a strong constructioncomponent (training centres Francistown andGaborone) have been affected by problemswith contractors and constructiondeficiencies. In Francistown, even today,deficiencies are visible and new ones arestarting to show (since there is nomaintenance plan or person responsible formaintenance). TA provided to the Trainingsector seems to have been adequate. In thecase of support to BURS, TA could only berecruited with a certain delay. Some of theremaining tasks of the long-term TA werelater executed by short-term TA financedunder the TCF. In other programmes,problems with adequate TA led to theexchange of personnel (for example NSA) orto disturbances, and more programmeprogress was achieved after the end of thelong-term TA contract than before it (WCMP).The project Management Unit of MPP is saidto have been overloaded.

In most cases the allocation of financialresources seems to have been adequate.There are no reports that activities could notbe carried out because of money shortages,and on the other hand the period has seen

According to the MoFDP, the transactioncosts for GoB have been clearly reducedthrough SBS. There are no figures showingwhether EC transaction costs have beenreduced (some say yes, some say thatadministrative inputs have been reduced buttechnical inputs have increased). In any eventthe administrative work has been reduced.The same applies to the use of the TCF. TORare defined by the NAO (with support fromDEC), DEC refers the request to Brusselswhere the short-term TA is identified from theframework contracts under the respective lot.

Delays in disbursements have been reportedas a problem rooted in procedures at EC HQ(to be further analysed). In a relativelywealthy country like Botswana, the delays didnot endanger implementation of the activities,but it is said in reports that these delays inprocessing disbursements at EC HQ have insome instances had a negative impact on ECcredibility. A second risk concerns exchangerate movements.

The MoESD does not really feel motivatedthrough SBS to achieve the set goals andindicators since they do not receive moremoney from the MoFDP, whether theyachieve the targets or not. Their motivation ismainly their reputation that may be at stakewhen performance is low.

though EC support signifies only a very smallpercentage (0.4% of the Botswana budget)the support is welcome. Critical remarks havenot been expressed even in cases wherereports showed clear problems (for examplein the area of wildlife conservation).



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only little decommitments of funds.

The support to the mining sector (SYSMIN)has been delivered efficiently although therecipient expressed the opinion thatprocedures for receiving the support havebeen complicated and very time-consuming.TA has been much appreciated andconsidered as of high quality.

The efficiency of the NAO had to be improvedby specific training measures. On-the-jobtraining provided to the NAO by one expertfor nearly a year increased the NAO’sperformance and interaction with theDelegation.

For many years the Delegation hascomplained about understaffing or at least thefact that former positions have not been re-filled when staff departed (that is the positionof a HRD Adviser). Reports also mention thatDelegation staff cannot follow project andprogramme implementation more closely, forexample through field visits. Also someinterview partners (for example TEC, someNSA) complained about the lack ofdiscussion partners in the Delegation.



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Indicator(s) 1.1 Respect of planning documents (nodelays in project implementation, tendering,recruitment of technical assistants, etc.)

2.1 Transaction costs reduced 3.1 Government comments on efficiency arepositive

Intentions NIP 8: PSD & Training: Studiesand FP finalised until 1999/I

Lengthy implementation procedures forconstruction works at colleges (CSP, p. 15)

Delays and poor workmanship in construc-tion works in Francistown - disputes withcontractors; 18 months delay in Gaborone -payment problems; co-funding arrangementframework has created additional difficulties

MTR GTC: Delays in appointment of TAs

Tax administration reform: 8 months delay ofTA; MR: The delay prevented the provisionof strategic input in the pre-launching phase;150,000 € decommitted due to delays.

For individual programmes see informationin Annexes 5 and 12:

o Nearly all programmes start in time (orwith little difference); Many programmesclose late, approx. 2 years in average

o Smaller programmes have been more inline with planning than the bigger ones

o Programmes including constructionworks have more difficulties to respectthe initial planning

The work undertaken by the PPADBAdviser, together with the PEFA report,should allow the Delegation to push GoB forprocurement reforms (additional supportlikely be provided in this area)

MTR, p.7: Delays “explained by a number ofimplementation problems”

Estimated professional and administrativestaff workload savings at EC Delegationand MoESD - compared to previous projectsupport

Statement in EC HQ: Transaction costsmay not have been reduced, since morehigh-level input is necessary now (insteadof work of administrators)

The issue has been addressed during fieldmission but without discovering anyadditional facts for precision

Administrative and professional workloadwith SBS: Delegation dependent onconsultants for assessing performancerelated to indicators.

SBS not additional funding for MoESD(interview EC HQ.) – there is no realdifference between general budget supportand sector budget support (fieldinformation)

Fiduciary Risks are modest (PFMPerformance Assessment, 2AC. France forEC Delegation)

MoFDP states improvements with SBS

MoFDP/NAO did not comment on problemswith delays etc.

Comments on results were usually positive

It looks as politeness governed the answers



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1.2 Timeliness and percentage of paymentsin comparison to the commitments

2.2 Timely disbursements following agreedschedule

3.2 Comments of beneficiaries on efficiencyare positive

MTR, p.10: Statistical figures show a ratherweak performance in financial implement-tation in the past. The reasons for this weakperformance include insufficient capacity ofthe NAO services to fulfil their tasks underthe Lomé Conventions/ Cotonou Agree-ment, delays in Commission response toaddressing effectively the problemsencountered, and extended shortage ofstaff at Delegation level.

Tendering and implementation of workscontracts are prone to delays. Delays havebeen incurred in awarding and/or imple-menting major works, services contractsand/or work programmes (‘assigned funds’)and subsequent related payments (VTTC,TA in WCMP, EDMS)

See Information in Annex 3:

o Since most of the programmes areongoing, a final assessment does notreally allow a judgement; in those caseswhere programmes are closed, disburse-ment was satisfactory except in the fewcases where the programmes had to beclosed before time due to problems, e.g.the Community Forestry Programme (8ACP BT2)

o The timeliness of disbursements followsthe overall observations on timelinessunder indicator 1.1.

o Disbursement rates are satisfying, butsometimes late.

Disbursements of SBS tranches have beendelayed up to 6 months.

JAR 07: Start of SBS is one year behindschedule and the first tranche was onlydisbursed in November 2006, half waythrough the 2006/07 financial year, due todelays in the Commission’s approvalprocess. The payment of the secondtranche also experienced delays and wasonly paid in June 2007.

SPSP: Project one year delayed (JAR2007)

Disbursements (EAMR 9 + 10, JAR 2007):1

stTranche: 100%, 2

nd: 88%, 3

rd: 72%, 4

th:

55% ; reassessment of 4th

tranche in 2009

Problem: Disbursement processing time atEC HQ (Delegate Management Reports)

Delays have negative impact on credibility(Delegate Management Reports, fieldinformation

Reason given for delays in disbursing thetranches: Budget Support is lessdecentralised than programme support

Disbursement processing time the fromDelegation to GoB (has to be checkedduring field mission).

20 indicators are too many, risk of too littlefocus, (FA 9442/BT, EAMR 9+10, JAR,

“The lower percentage of achievement intranche 3 compared to tranche 2 mainlyreflects disappointing delays in theOrganisation and Management Review,HRD Strategy, EMIS, Inspectorateframework and National Credit andQualification Framework, which are keyprogress indicators of the programme,

MoMEWR reports difficulties to findenterprises to participate in tender becauseof heavy EC-requirements (tenders had tobe cancelled)

NSA not very satisfied; they say thatDelegation has no time

NSA/MoLG in a lengthy phase of trainingpreparation for beneficiaries and localgovernments

Beneficiaries’ comments have also beenpositive and polite



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Disbursements of SYSMIN often late though progress was noted in all theseindicators” (JAR 2007, p.14)

1.3 Adequacy between planning of resourcesand programme needs (to achieve theexpected results)

2.3 Improved policy dialogue

CSP 9, add. 1: 11 million shifted fromenvelope B to A (initial: 39 million; + oldEDF transfers = 45.54 million + 11 million =56.54); After ETR increased to 58,512,558(de-commitments from previous NIPs); B-envelope: 50,600,000 - 11,000,000 =39,600,000; after ETR decreased to38,060,000

Focal sector E&T up from 31.2 million(80%) to 46.1 million (81.5%) after MTR

Focal sector E&T up to 47,228,255 (butdown to 77.6%)

Non focal sectors: From 7.8 million (20%) to10,440,000 (18.5%) to 13,635,000 (22.4%)

EAMR I/09: Understaffing in the Delegation,not sufficient time for contacts outside office(problem of understaffing is reported sincemany years)

Improvements of efficiency through SBS,TCF, and closure of EDF 8 projects

p. 17: Botswana workload continued toincrease in particular with moreinterventions (budget lines, TCF, PEFA,visibility, refocusing of EDMS project, callsfor proposals)

On the job training provided to the NAO byone expert for nearly a year increased theNAO’s performance and interaction with theDelegation.

Scope of MPP to little to produce

Statement in EC HQ: SBS as ticket forSector Policy dialogue

The nature of dialogue in the focal sectorhas changed to strategic and policy issuesin the context of the recently approved E&TSPSP.

Oral remark in EC-HQ: SBS rendersdialogue with technical level implementersmore difficult.

EAMR I/09: The JAA field mission providesan opportunity to interact with them(regional authorities), especially on thetheme of decentralisation; JAA a possibilityfor dialogue

TA/TCF seems to be helpful

Comments during field phase confirmed thevalue of TA/TCF and showed that short-term support is even more appreciated

SBS to be accompanied by grass-rootactivities? (CSP 10, p. 21)?

Participation of civil society and MLG in thesteering committee meetings has improvedthe quality of our policy dialogue in thesector

SBS to be accompanied by grass-rootactivities? (CSP 10, p. 21) - To bediscussed during field mission

SBS less visible than project aid (DelegateManagement Reports)



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considerable impact; therefore approachchanged to a multiplier approach

MTR VTCs: likely under-spend of 0.5million for FTC; GoB topped up for GTC

Tax administration reform: MR: TA toomuch involved in everyday tasks led to lowcost-effectiveness

1.4 Instruments complete each other, createadded value and help increasing aidefficiency

Incomplete devolution of budget lineprojects from HQ led to delays (genderproject)

Instruments’ mix includes programmes,SBS, TCF (efficient instrument, quickdeliveries): In a middle income country suchas Botswana, quick and specific technicalexpertise is often crucial and moreimportant than financial support.

JAR 07, p.: 3: The technical cooperationfacility was used to address key needs bythe Government. It has also been used tobuild capacity in the NAO Office itself,through the recruitment of a TA/on-the-jobtrainer

Problems with CRIS, Filing systems,

Support to Colleges (EDF 8) delayed;problems with contracts

Working through Country systems (EUtarget 1 = 50%): End of 2007: 40%

Target 3: Avoid PIU: Parallel PIU for NSA



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EQ 3: To what extent did EC-interventions successfully contribute to improving access of all to high quality lifelong education and trainingand to increasing employability and employment opportunities for young people?

Answer tothe EQ

EC interventions under EDF8 helped to increase training capacities for technical education by supporting the construction of Training Collegesin Francistown and Gaborone. Although the centres are not yet in full swing, the EC contribution will achieve the desired increase within ashort time. Obstacles (late placement of preconditions for accreditation, and the accreditation itself) to the full operation of the supportedcentres must be removed by the national bodies responsible for the centres (DVET, BOTA, and the centres in Francistown and Gaborone).GoB has also to ensure that the question of maintenance will be solved as soon as possible to keep the centres operational.

Relevance and quality of technical education in centres are issues to be monitored by the implementers of the BTEP programme. According toreports and oral feedback, courses have been designed in close cooperation with the private sector, imparting adequate relevance of thecourses. A tracer study carried out in 2007 showed some problems but findings are too early and methodological weaknesses make resultsquestionable. EC support to the development of a National Credits and Qualification Framework (NQF) and to the development of a HRDStrategy will further contribute to improving access and quality of technical education.

In formal education, access has not been considered a major problem for years. Sector dialogue based on the findings of four jointassessment missions as a main instrument of sector budget support under EDF9 revealed that figures from former years may have been toopositive and that the loss of pupils during the primary cycle seems to be much higher than was previously understood. Issues of equity werealso discussed during sector dialogue. Creation of opportunities in remote areas is still a challenge (mainly at secondary level), andexperiments with double shifting have been disappointing. The main concern in formal education is quality. Recent statistics show negativetrends in student achievements. NDP10 will address these problems by improvements in teacher training, and the EDF10 sector programmeon education and training includes an indicator on teacher qualification.

EC also supports issues of access and quality indirectly through the support to improvements of the Ministries’ management capacities.Several studies led to the identification of some bottlenecks and improvements. But improvements may remain scattered since the basicproblem of a missing sector management plan and related monitoring instruments as central instruments of sector management have not beenconsidered.

There are no findings concerning the employability of young people except (problematic) hints from the 2007 tracer study. More information isneeded through further studies in coming years.

The creation of employment opportunities has not really been an issue directly addressed by EC support. Indirectly, it may be expected thatgraduates from technical education may create small businesses, thus creating employment. The tracer study did not deliver any evidence inthis direction. Colleges say that they are not following up their graduates on these issues through studies of their own.


1. Access to education andequity have improved

2. Relevance and quality ofEducation and Training haveimproved

3. Sector management hasimproved in areas supportedby EC

4. Young people find employ-ment (or opportunities forfurther education or training)

Answer tothe JC

Access to TVET has improvedsignificantly (from 10,882 placesin 04/06 to 22,895 in 2008)

In the programming documents ofEDF8 and 9, relevance is mainlydiscussed as a concern in

EC support to improved sectormanagement only started in2006/2007. A Management and

The overall employment situationin Botswana has only improvedslowly in recent years. The



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whereby the large increase in2008 is due to an “upgrade” of“brigades” and the count ofprivate VET institutions while atthe same time enrolment inTVET-colleges almost halved in2008 (due to a switch of studentsfrom TVET colleges to othertraining providers who offergrants; However, DVETanticipates that this situation islikely to reverse in 2009 owing tothe introduction in 2008 of grantsfor students in governmentcolleges

17. But even with those

problems mentioned, theincrease led to the statementduring the last joint annualassessment that the indicator ofthe SPSP has been achieved

18.

The EC contributed to theincrease through the constructionand extension of the VTC inGaborone, the increase intraining places in the ATTC inGaborone, and the constructionof the VTC in Francistown. Thecolleges in Francistown and theGTC are not yet working to theirfull capacity. Francistown hasonly 13.3% of the possible intake,GTC works on the basis of49.9%. Colleges blame BOTA forbeing slow in the accreditation of

TVET19

. Relevance is mentionedas a critical issue in alldocuments throughout the wholeperiod evaluated. In Botswana,studies on manpower planninghave been undertaken since thelate 1960s. Traditional manpowerplanning methods were applieduntil 2004 (forecast of futurelabour requirements should leadto conclusions regardingeducation and training). Theappropriateness of this approachto Botswana has beenquestioned since the mid 1990s.A feasibility study for a LabourMarket observatory has beencarried out in mid 2007 financedunder the TCF. The observatoryis to help to address the issue ofa better response of TVETprogrammes to industry needs.Finally, the preparatory studiesfor a new HRD strategy areunderlining the need for a newand more flexible approach.Results are expected by 2015.Progress in the implementation ofthe HRD Strategy is one of theEligibility Criteria for SBS underEDF10.

For the time being manydocuments state that vocationaltraining does not correspond well

Organisation Review and anEPER have been carried out.Implementation plans have beendeveloped, but implementationhas not yet started. Thedevelopment of an EMIS and of anew inspectorate frameworkremains behind schedule.Nevertheless, sector monitoringhas been improved by theintroduction of flash reporting. In2008 some up-to-date keyinformation on sectorperformance was available forthe first time. The findings havebeen considered during sectorpolicy dialogue. But sectormanagement still lacks adocument with the quality of asector management plan (see2.3.3.1).

The lack of decentraliseddecision-making is highlighted asan obstacle to regionalimprovements and to schooldevelopment.

EC support seems to be thedriving force behind theidentification of shortcomings, theestablishment of plans and thefirst improvements in sectormanagement.

The new indicator for SBS underEDF10 seems not really to cover

diversification strategy of the GoBis showing some success withsectors such as services,construction, tourism and non-diamond mining showing goodgrowth, but unemploymentfigures remain high (between17% and 20% according todifferent sources). Evenacademics are facingunemployment. But the HRDStrategy document also showsclearly that only 15% ofgraduates holding Diploma andUniversity Degrees are withoutemployment, whereas 21.7% of(secondary) certificate holdersand 27.8% of the unskilled youthssuffer from unemployment.Education is a clear advantageeven though the situation is notsatisfactory. It remains a fact thatthe labour market in Botswana isstill a small one. Unemploymentrates for young people, especiallyyoung women, remain criticallyhigh.

According to the tracer study ofgraduates from the TVETcolleges between 2001 and 2006,only 34.7% of former trainees arein either full-time or part-timeemployment. Another 13% arecontinuing education. There is no

17 JAA, 2008: p. 2618 JAA, 2008; p. 619 The Programme Identification Fiche for the SPSP of EDF10 and the new National HRD-strategy are now applying the relevance criterion to the entire education system



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courses and teaching staff; BOTAargues that the colleges did notput the necessary conditions inplace although they had enoughtime to do so during theconstruction period.

At the time when EDF9 wasformulated, nearly 35% of schoolleavers from JSS had to enter thelabour market without anytraining. Mathematically, theupgrading of “brigades” and thecounting of private training placesleads to the conclusion that theyearly demand for 12,000additional places by youths whobefore entered the labour marketwithout any training could besatisfied. But in practice, thedemand still exceeds theavailable places. No informationis available on the geographicaldistribution of trainingopportunities. Equity in TVET isaddressed and improvementswith regard to gender arereported. The number of placesavailable to youths with specialneeds has also increased. Sinceat the same time progressionfrom JSS to SSS has increased itcan be expected that the numberof youths leaving JSS without anyfurther education or training maydecrease.

In formal education, the high levelof enrolment (around 90%) has

to the needs of employers. Butevidence is weak that thisposition is really true. The 2007tracer study is often cited but thestudy also has methodologicalproblems and only provides asnapshot at a very early stage ofthe implementation of the BTEPapproach. In any case it seemsobvious from the study thatemployers are not very wellinformed about BTEP. On theother hand, a teacher fromFrancistown reports thatfeedback from employers whoare hosting internship traineesduring work placement havebeen very positive, highlightingthe practical abilities of thetrainees compared to those ofUniversity internship trainees.Increased relevance of TVET(!,not of BTEP) has been made anindicator for EDF10 SBS.

EC SBS to the education sectoris addressing the lack ofguidance for employers bysupporting the elaboration of aNational Credits QualificationsFramework (NCQF) that issupposed to identify andstandardise levels ofqualifications in order to orienttraining in the Vocational andtechnical Education and Training(TVET) but also to provide moreexact information to employers

the problem of sectormanagement. It only refers toimproved management of theTertiary Student Grant/LoanScheme. Certainly this willcontribute to savings at this levelthat are important for overallsector financing, but it does notaddress the problem of weaksector management as such(planning, monitoring,implementation capacity).

information about self-employment or the creation ofSME through graduates. Amajority is either unemployed oreconomically inactive for a varietyof reasons. Women are heavilyover-represented among thegraduates who are unemployed(60.5%). But results should notbe overemphasised (see JC2).

Locally, for example through theEconomic Diversification of theMining Sector (EDMS)programme that still is directlysupported by the EC, the effectsin the field of new employmentopportunities were still mainly inthe mining sector outside thediamond sector, throughexpansion of the Tati mine. Otheremployment opportunities foryoung people in the area havenot so far been reported althoughthere are high expectations of thework of the recently initiatedeconomic diversification unitsupported in the context of theprogramme.



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been maintained, but an annualincrease of 1% (as demanded bythe SPSP indicator) has notalways been achieved. Officially,drop-out rates have decreasedslightly (even for female studentsin SSS) but there seems to be aloss of nearly 20% of primarypupils during the primary cyclethat has been newly discoveredshowing the weaknesses insector monitoring. Accordingly,completion of the primary schoolcycle has been made an indicatorfor the SBS for EDF10.

Equity issues in formal schoolingare regularly discussed in policydialogue and some indicatorshave been changed accordingly.

The reformulation of someindicators suggests that the focuson disadvantaged groups andareas and a pro-poor orientationis increased (for example insteadof primary drop-out, regions withhighest drop-out are examined tofind solutions; secondary drop-out rate will focus on femaledrop-out etc.). But impacts havenot yet been reported. For theSBS of EDF10, an indicatorforesees an increase in accessand training opportunities fordisadvantaged children.

about what they can expect fromgraduates. The NCQF is part ofthe indicator of SBS underEDF10 that tracks the progress ofthe HRD Strategy.

The issue of quality is related torelevance. In EDF8 and 9programming documents, qualityis discussed more as a matter ofgeneral education. Data onprimary, JSS and SSS educationshow declining exam results. Thetesting of double shifts in SSS ledto a further decline in studentperformance. Until now indicatorsfor quality were referring just toexam results. The quality of theteaching and learning process orthe performance of teachers hasnot been included in the list ofindicators. For SBS underEDF10, exam results inMathematics and Science, andthe quality of primary schoolteachers, have been specified asindicators.



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Indicator(s) 1.1 Increased no. of Voc.Training Centres / training placescompared to the demand (andgeographic distribution)

2.1 Mechanisms for increase ofrelevance set in place (research,counselling bodies, meetings…)

3.1 Quality of planning andmanagement (as per reports,statistics and as seen by differentstakeholders) has increased

4.1 Job opportunities for youngpeople increased

Supported Technical Collegeare not yet operating with fullcapacity (Francistown: 13.3%;GTC: 49.9%; former ATTC:n.a.)

Demand still bigger than offer;Francistown now can offercourses in a region where therewas no college so far (onlybrigades)

Demand: 35,000 to 40,000school leavers per year; 35%enter the labour market withouttraining: approx. 12,000 peryear!

SPSP Indicator: Baseline 2002:10,882; 04/06: 11,100; 04/07:11,320; 04/08: 11,550; 10/08:16,745; JAA1: 2003:11,133;JAA3: 2004: 12,649: 2008:22,895 (through upgrade of“Brigades” and count of privateVET

CSP 10: VET is delivered by atotal of 50 institutions with13,815 students in 2003

Francistown : ConstructionVTTC/VTC, €15 million;

o 11/07: Teacher trainingstudents arrived in VTTC;MR1: 16 ToT-places in Bwbefore opening CVTE

The increase of relevance isexpected from the HRD-Strategy; a HRD Council isplanned and supported by EC

LF of NIP 9: HRD-strategy andNQF foreseen for 2001(!)

Elaboration of HRDS and NQFas main foundations for theincrease of relevance onlystarted in 2008

HRD Strategy approved byCabinet on 22 January 2009and included as a project indraft NDP10

A Technical and VocationalEducation and Training PolicyForum was established in 2003to monitor, coordinate anddirect new initiatives inEducation and Training, sharingresources and best practices.Its membership includes:various staff members from theDepartment of VocationalEducation and Training,Botswana Training Authority(BOTA), Directorate ofApprenticeship and IndustrialTraining, the Tertiary EducationCouncil, and the ConstructionIndustry Trust Fund.

The private sector continues its

There are no indications fromthe field phase that planningand management has improved

MoESD, Dep. Perm. Sec.: TheMinistry acts on urgencies

CSP 10, p.15: 25% of totalexpenditure for education; NDP9 foresees rise from 1 billion Pin 2006/7 to 4 billion P in2008/9

CSP 10: time lag in availabilityof statistics: 18-24 months in2005

JAR 07: EPER provided veryimportant findings and relevantrecommendations for improvedmanagement and effectivenessin the sector. It highlighted therelatively small allocation to theprimary level and the largeallocation to tertiary level,especially the studentsponsorship scheme (P1.2bn);the lack of capacity of thehuman resource department;the highly detailed and complexsystem of votes; the verycomplex picture of thedecentralisation process; andthe need to review theframework for teacherallocation. Whilst

Finding from the field mission: Ifany changes they have notbeen induced by EC-support

Failure of Botswana’s economyto diversify away from miningand agriculture (CSP 9, p. 10)

CSP 10, p. 10: Diversificationremains critical; p. 16: ForeignDirect Investment fails to showany consistent increasing trend.

MTR, p.3: Constraints toeconomic diversification are:inadequate levels ofinvestment, small domesticmarket, mismatch betweenlabour skills and the needs ofthe market, low productivity,non-competitive productioncosts (landlocked situation,high utilities costs), remotenessfrom export markets, etc.

JAR 07, p. 3: The slow pace ofeconomic diversification,privatisation and creation of amore conducive businessenvironment, as well as therelatively high cost but lowproductivity of labour, skillsmismatch and highunemployment, remained keychallenges for Botswana.

JAR 07, p.6: The economy is



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o 250 students attendedcourses in 2008 in VTC,including 40 students indistance learning; 800 –1000 students expected tobe enrolled

oDelays in the works contract

o JAR 07: Lack of counterpartstaff especially in the area ofIT and distance learning,and delays in supplying thenecessary IT equipment.

Through VTC Francistown:20% increase of people havingaccess to VET; 20% increase ingeographical coverage;increased access fordisadvantaged groups

Gaborone: Construction VTC,expansion ATTS (€ 25 million;€ 15 million from EDF6/7);

oDemand outnumbers theavailability by 200 to 1

o 1997-2002: increase trainingplaces from (750) 900 to1500 under EDF 8 funding;

o 9/11/07: Work starts; EAMRI/09: Works at GTC sitehave reduced enrolment atGTC and disturbed GTCoperations; completion ofworks foreseen for May2009; 18 months behindschedule

Out of 6 VTC, 2 co-financed byEC (33%);

involvement at strategic andoperational level in developing,validating and reviewing newprogrammes under theBotswana Education andTraining Programme (BTEP)

Tracer Study: BTEP: Review ofcurricula only every 3 to 5 years(2-3 would be more realistic)

Francistown: Activities for R2include studies, assessment,consultations, involvement ofindustry and informal sector

MTR: Continued efforts shouldbe made to further increase therelevance of the technical andvocational training programmesfor the world of work, inparticular through an enhancedclose cooperation with theinterested enterprises.

JAR 07, p.9: The feasibilitystudy on the HRD strategyemphasised a required shiftaway from the traditionalmanpower planning model ofHRD to a broader, more flexibleHRD Planning approach.

acknowledging good budgetstewardship, it advocated theneed to develop a fully-fledgedmedium-term expenditureframework in line withcontemporary budgetingpractice

EAMR I/09: Start of theimplementation of the O&Mreport recommendations whichwill lead to a massivedecentralisation exercise in 3phases

EAMR I/09: recommendationsof the EPER are beingimplemented

EAMR I/09: EPER showed anunder financing of primaryeducation

JAR 07: “Flash reporting” forkey education statisticsintroduced to base theassessment of the JAA onrecent data rather than on threeyear old data

JAR 07: Effectiveness ofDirectorate of VocationalEducational Training (DVET)structure and centralisedmanagement of the Technicaland Vocational Education andTraining (TVET) programmequestioned by ROM

MTR VTCs: Disconnectbetween the college institutionsand the Ministry (DVET)

slowly diversifying … Thetourism and manufacturingsectors are also showingencouraging signs of growth.

15 factories have been licensedfor diamond cutting andpolishing in 2006 (no link withEC activities)



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1.2 Net enrolment rates anddrop-out rates (non-attendanceand repetition rates)

2.2 Change in pass rates,examinations, transition rates(gender specific)

3.2 Regularity of inspectionimproved (also as a meansquality assurance)

4.2 Employment figures (general,regional, sectoral, according togender, according to educationalstatus across regions)

Primary schooling loses up to20% of each cohort (source:delegation)

Target for CTVE: drop-out rate<5%

Target: Keep high level ofenrolment, 50% reduction by2006 of non-attendance, drop-out and repetition rates;increase of progression rate topost compulsory educationfrom 50% to 75% in 2006; NDP9 foresees 83% transition rateto SSS (2009); other source -JAR 07 - says 70%

CSP 9, annex 4: Drop-out rate:3.5%; 48% progress to SSS

CSP 10: Net primary enrolmentrate 90%;

JAR 07, p.10: In 2004 (latestofficial statistics), the primaryNet Enrolment Rate (NER) (6-12 year olds) was 89.5%,though the NER for 7-13 yearolds is 98.5%. The policy toenrol all children at age six isnot being effectivelyimplemented.

FA SPSP, annex2: Figures in2001: NER: 87.2%, transitionrate to JSS: 96%, transition rateto SSS: 50%; 15% enter VET,

Decline of exam results due to“nationalisation” of teachingforce

JAR 07, p.10: The 2007Primary School LeavingExamination (PSLE) resultsshow deterioration inperformance at Grades A – C,72.9% compared to 79.6%(2006) and 79.2% (2005) andthe percentage of candidatesachieving grades A and B hasalso gone down compared tothe last two years. (JAA1, 3:Proportion of grades A-C atPSLE decreases!)

In 2007, 75.1% of candidatesachieved grade A-C at the JCEcompared to around 76.5% in2006 and 2005; the resultsshow that females performedbetter than males in all coresubjects except in integratedscience. Results in the 2007Botswana General Certificate ofSecondary Education (BGCSE)examinations weredisappointing and recent trendsof small annual improvementhave been reversed, with40.69% of all grades awardedbeing at grade C or above,compared to 43.01% in 2006.

No additional information duringfield phase

Target: 100% of schoolsinspected every 3 years by2006

SPSP, FA,add2: New indicatorfor tranche4: New Departmentof Inspection established withat least 50% staff in place

JAA1,3: Framework notapproved; JAA4: slow progress,no new Department ofInspectorate

Employment figures areincreasing slowly in Botswana;unemployment rates droppingslowly.

Academics are less concernedby unemployment (15.0%) thangraduates from secondaryschool (21.7%) or evenunskilled labour (27.8%)

Mining only constitutes 4% offormal employment, howeverindirectly has a much biggerimpact on employment(financing large part of publicsector)

BCL in Selebi Phigwe employs3,800 persons (2005, figuregiven in CSP 10, p. 23)ensuring a livelihood for about50,000 people.

“Amongst the labour force of788,000, 539,150 wereemployed (281,762 were malesand 257,388 females - 47.7% ).Unemployment consisted of114,042 actively seeking workand 134,770 discouraged jobseekers." (National LabourForce Survey 2005/06)

The main industrial employerswere Agriculture (29.9 percent),Wholesale and Retail Trade



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35% enter the labour market(and remain mainlyunemployed)

JAR 07, p.10: The transitionrate from primary to juniorsecondary level was 97.4%(2004). The transition rate fromjunior to senior secondary levelhas steadily increased from49% at the beginning of NDP 9to 67% in 2008

SPSP indicator for net-enrolment: annual increase of1% from 89% in 2002; net drop-out: <1%, at sec. level <2%;JAA1: indicators achieved;JAA3: NER: 89.5%; net drop-out: 0.72% for prim, 1.8% forsec.;

Study on prim. drop outincluded to indicator for tranche4

Similarly, the percentage ofstudents scoring grade C orabove in the core subjects ofSetswana, English and Mathsdeclined from 13.6% in 2006 to12.42% in 2007. The number ofcandidates gaining grade C orabove in five or more subjectsalso declined from 41.49% in2006 to 38.69% in 2007.

Double shifting has beenimplemented as a temporarymeasure at selected seniorsecondary schools. Theintroduction of the double shiftsystem in 2006 has enabled anadditional 2500 young peopleto progress to the seniorsecondary level. The systemhas experienced manychallenges as some schoolsclearly struggled to cope withsudden increases in enrolment,the additional pressure oninfrastructure and humanresources and theorganisational arrangementsrequired. Student performanceat Botswana General Certificateof Secondary Education in thefive pilot double shift schoolswas adversely affected

Four of the double shift schoolsare in the five worst performingschools at BGCSE. Enrolmentat Francistown SSS increasedfrom 1050 to 2400 students,and performance in the BGCSE

(14.4 percent), PublicAdministration (11.2 percent),Education (8.0 percent), andManufacturing (6.7 percent).

The majority of persons (44.6percent) were employed in ruralvillages, followed byCities/towns with 29.5 percent.Urban villages constituted 25.9percent of the employedpersons. Agriculture dominatedthe rural employment by 56.1percent and stood at 30.0percent of the totalemployment. In urban Villages,most of the persons (19.1percent) were employed underRetail Trade industry, followedby Public Administration with15.0 percent. Retail Traderecorded the highest (17.5percent) number of employeesin Towns/Cities, followed byPublic administration with 13.4percent CSO:(National LabourSurvey 2005/06)

Employment in the private andparastatal sector has increasedfrom 166,300 in 2001 to191,400 in 2008, an increase of25,100, of which only 4,500were in the mining sector(CSO, June 2008 FormalEmployment Statistics).

Unemployment: 15.8% inSeptember 2000 (CSP 9, p. 7);1998: 19.6% (p. 10)



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suffered a markeddeterioration, with the school’sranking going from overall 4thin 2005 to 15th in 2006 and25th in 2007 (out of 27).

EPER: Oversupply of newteachers / Upgrading of teacherqualifications needed forincrease in quality!

CSP 10, p. 16: Women aremore affected (26.3%) thanmen (21.4%) and urban villages(29.6%) more than cities/towns(18.5%). Young people areparticularly affected (over twicethe national average), as arepeople in remote areas.

An UNDP-study on the MDGsestimates that more than 70000 jobs could be created bythe effective implementation ofthe MDG interventions.

1.3 Equity indicators (gender,social, geographical)

2.3 Stakeholders, mainlyemployers judge the skillsprovided in general educationand TVET as relevant and thequality as adequate

3.3 Monitoring and Evaluationdata used to correct and reviseprogramming and operations inthe sector (as seen by differentstakeholders)

4.3 Percentage of school leavers,especially from supported TVET-Colleges who find employment

Observations from field missionconfirm findings fromdocuments

LF, NIP 9: Interventions toreduce identified barriers toaccess (gender, social,geographical) in place by 2003

CSP 9, add. 2: Increase offunds for E&T after ETR shallbe used “for poor andmarginalised groups”

CSP 10, p. Gender parity isachieved at all levels of formaleducation. (but vocationaltraining only 40%)

School feeding programme hasfurther improved access of the

During a focus group meeting,it was assumed by participantsthat employers expect toomuch from Government. Theircriticism may not be based onrealistic expectations withregard to BTEP.

Principal GTC: “We aresupplying a product to buildupon, not a ready product”.

Recent findings from the TracerStudy show that the TVETsystem is not producinggraduates whose competenciesare matching the current needsof both the formal industry andinformal SME sector.

Employer satisfaction

Filed mission: sector monitoringis a still a bottleneck; data fromflash reporting revealedproblems did not directly lead toactivities; information from theverification of SBS-indicatorsled to activities.

MTR SPSP: progress has beenslow in terms of developing aneffective EMIS. . In order tohasten the availability of criticaldata from schools werecommend the introduction of“flash reporting”

Production of 2008 Flashreporting: first time ever thatkey education data on thecurrent year are publicly

The tracer study on BTEP-college graduates did notdistinguish between graduatesfrom foundation and certificatelevel. Foundation is not really alevel that may be interesting foremployers. More facts areneeded to judge the relevance ofBTEP courses.

General:

35,000 (- 40.000) schoolleavers every year (CSP 9, p.7), 35% enter the labourmarket; only a small faction ofthese have realistic prospectsof finding a job, p.10

From Colleges:

Target: 85% find employment



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poor to the education system.

MTR VTC, p.6: In terms ofequity and access, enrolmentby women now generallyaccounts for 50% of places inall six colleges (up from onequarter in 1995). Progress hasbeen made in increasing theirproportion in traditional malefields, such as engineering andconstruction (currently 25% ofwomen at the ATTC, from 10%in 1997). Women represent alarge majority of part-timestudents, testifying that suchprogrammes do answer theirneeds and situation. Promotingthe training of men intraditionally female activitieshas been less successful andthey account for 25% only ofstudents in textiles and healthand beauty care. Steps arebeing taken to recruit studentsproportionally across thecountry and fromdisadvantaged groups (specificethnic groups and students withphysical or learning disabilities).

MTR SPSP: Amend indicatorswith the intention to targetgroups/activities that are notbenefiting as they ought fromeducational provision

SPSP, FA, add2: Indicatoradded on gender equity in VET:DVET shall develop strategy

Majority of employersconsidered BTEP graduates tobe on the lower side of‘satisfactory’ in all skills area.

Many employers are confusedabout the BTEP programmeand assume BTEP graduatesare supposed to be artisans.Few employers regard theBTEP certificate as asatisfactory exit from technicaltraining. The very few who havesome knowledge of theAdvanced Certificate believethat it will improve applicants’likelihood of gainingemployment.

Graduate satisfaction with BTEP

Overall, high satisfaction withprogramme content at bothFoundation and Certificatelevels

A number of students andgraduate respondents foundthe programmes too basic andnot sufficiently challenging.

Students and graduate foundthe duration of BTEPprogrammes too long, changeshave been made and theprogramme now lasts aboutone year;

Need to re-consider theprogramme structure of BTEPespecially balance betweentheory and practicalassignments;

available within the same year– usually 3-year gap

EAMR I/09, p.7: Policy dialoguewill focus on access, qualityand efficient management ofthe sector, as 2008 statisticsand developments have raisedincreasing concerns in theseareas

within 6 months of leaving in2006

TVET (Tracer Study ofGraduates of the BotswanaTechnical EducationProgramme FWC Request Nr.2007/137424, p ii.):

Out of 739 graduates, 353(47.7%) are either inemployment or in furthereducation; 257 (34.7%) eitherfull-time or part-time employed.188, or 25.4% work within theprivate sector, the rest mostlywithin the government or inlocal councils.

9.6% (71 out of 739) areemployed in fields other thanthose in which they studied.

375 (50.07%) graduaterespondents are eitherunemployed or economicallyinactive for other reasons - 148males (39.5% of theunemployed/inactiverespondents) and 227 females(60.5% of theunemployed/inactiverespondents).

This must be seen within thecontext of poor overallemployment trends inBotswana and that Botswanahas a small economy

10.1% of graduate respondentsdid not apply for a job and12.8% did not accept job



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and incentives to attract morefemale students

The indicators are acting as astimulus to GoB action towardsreform. In this respect, theSPSP is having a greaterimpact than might be assumedfrom the extent of its financialcontribution.

JAA1: Indicator on 40% femalestudents in TVET not achieved:38.18%; 2005: 44,9%

Students and graduates believethat there is insufficientemphasis/credit allocationgiven to work experience,problems with the quality andeducation levels of instructors.

Low numbers of staff memberswith industrial experience,which is reflected in their lack ofpractical knowledge andunfamiliarity with conditions inindustry.

opportunities becausecompanies did not offer thesalary level they were seeking.

89 (12.04%) are in full-timefurther education and 7 others(0.94% of all respondents) inpart time training - 43.8% (39)male and 56.2% (50) female.The main motivation toundertake further studies wasgenerally to obtain a higherqualification so as to improvetheir chances of beingemployed.

MR VTC Gaborone: ‘Saturation’of the market by TVETgraduates already as a findingof the tracer study!

1.4 Indicators and sectordialogue allow to address equity(and poverty) issues efficiently

2.4 Stakeholders confirm anincrease in relevance (andquality)

3.4 Target groups / stakeholderssee a contribution of the EC-support to improvements in themanagement capacity of theMinistry / the ministries (includingan increase of co-ordinationbetween different ministries andbetween GoB and NSA)

4.4 Target groups / stakeholdersconfirm a contribution of the EC-support to employment creation

Yes, but effects of addressingthe issues has not been toomany

FA SPSP, p.2: Support to pro-poor education reforms

CSP 10, p.29: Indicators fordisbursement will have a moredirect and explicit link topoverty in Botswana using,where possible, data

No confirmation; the issue ofrelevance is not shared by allas a problem; exam results aredeclining, so the issue of qualityin general education is notdenied.

It is not very likely thatstakeholder comments will befar different from results ofreviews and evaluations

It is appreciated that EC isaddressing the issue (MoESD,MoFDP); other stakeholders didnot comment

SYSMIN did contribute toemployment creation (for moreinformation see EQ5, JC3)



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adequately disaggregated forequity issues (gender,rural/urban, geography, ethnicgroup, etc.)

EAMR I/09: The shift to asector dialogue as part of theeducation and training sectorpolicy support programme(SPSP) is working well. Majorpolicy issues were regularlyreviewed with the GoB andstakeholders emphasising theprogramme objectives

EAMR: Interesting debates (onissues such as compulsoryeducation, student grantscheme, the double shift, thetake over of brigades by theMoESD, language policy,school maintenance, schoolfees and pre-schooling; CS isrepresented and participatesactively

A PEFA exercise wasconducted and the GoB reactedwell to positive and far-reachingcriticism which resulted fromthe assessment.

policy dialogue on the doubleshift led to the undertaking of asecond review of the system byMoESD

FA, add SPSP: Newlyintroduced indicator for the thirdtranche on National LanguagePolicy to improve access andequity for vulnerable and



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disadvantaged groups

MTR SPSP: Proposal for EDF10: Formulate indicators onencouragement of access forchildren living in sparselypopulated areas (alsoincentives for teachers)

Review of school fees showsincome related graduation /differentiation



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EQ 4: To what extent did EC support in NRM contribute to improvements of the management, to conservation (including biodiversity), todiversification and to income generation, especially in rural areas?

Answer tothe EQ

EC support contributed most to improvement of governance and management capacities of public sector administrations in terms of (i)management infrastructure and (ii) decentralised decision-making by district-level authorities.

Whereas qualification (much less quantification) of impacts is seriously hindered by the lack of both integrated resource monitoring systems(on the partners’ side) and OVI in the assessed projects’ design, it seems fair to say that observable impacts contributed only in part toachievement of the EDF8 NIP specific objective for NRM support. Valorisation and sustainable use of natural resources for the benefit of ruralcommunities clearly failed to materialise.

Lack of progress in terms of land-use conflict resolution (wildlife/livestock) and community benefits based on sustainable management and usesuggest that (i) coherence of sector policies in Botswana may be at risk, and (ii) conceptual foci and basic assumptions regarding ECsupported projects did not fully match the GoB’s outlook on development.

EC support suffered from structural weaknesses on the partners’ side, including weak inter-agency coordination, lack of mobilisation of partnercontributions, and insufficient policy coherence or equivocal strategic guidance on community development.


1. Management capacity isenhanced at centralgovernment level, district level,non-governmental and locallevel (NSA, communities/usergroups)

2. Infrastructures in and aroundparks have improved

3. Natural resources (in andaround parks) and biodiversityhave been protected,conserved and validated /valorised (used)

4. Rural Communities benefit(more) from the validation /valorisation of NRM (e.g.diversification of incomeopportunities, e.g. inagriculture and tourism)

Answer tothe JC

Capacity development wasprominently reflected within theintervention logic of all NRM-related projects

20addressing

Botswana. It was directed atdifferent levels, albeit with adistinct focus on developinginstitutional capacities of publicsector administrations at nationaland district level, as well as R&Dinstitutions. The community leveloutreach was noticeably lesspronounced. Deficits in project

Of the EC-supportedinterventions assessed during thedesk phase, only the WCMPspecifically aimed at developingPA infrastructure and (eco-)tourism facilities. Owing toimplementation deficitsencountered by the project andweak absorption capacity on thepartner side, infrastructuredevelopment progressedsubstantially only towards theproject’s conclusion. Resource

NRM support under EDF8focused on wildlife, forests, andrangelands. Both landmarkinterventions (WCMP and CDFP)and SUBRAP reflect this scope intheir respective approaches.WCMP specifically addressedwildlife conservation withindesignated protected areas andadjacent buffer-zones.Information gathered during thefield mission reflects a mixedimage as regards wildlife

The criterion aims at determiningan increase of specific aspectsover time. This requires first andforemost identification of baselinevalues, and clear-cutperformance benchmarks formeasuring success (OVI).Available documentation on theprojects’ design (specifically log-frames attached to the FA/TAPs)revealed that project designswere lacking in this regard.

20 CFDP = Community Forestry Development Project, EDF 8/BW; WCMP = Wildlife Conservation and Management Programme, EDF 8/BW; Cap.Dev.MoLG = Strengthening the Capacity forCommunity Development in the Ministry of Local Governments and Councils, EDF 9/BW; SUBRAP = Scaling up Benefits for Rural Area Populations, ENV Budget Line/regional



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implementation as well asstructural weaknesses on thepartner institutions’ part (weakinter-agency coordination andlack of mobilisation of partnercontributions) diminished theprojects’ performance in regard tocapacity development. High staffturnover within relevant sectoradministrations – at national aswell as district levels – arguablystands out as the most criticalfactor diminishing thesustainability of capacity buildingand by eroding the “institutionalmemory”.

EC support generally achievedprogress in terms of awarenesscreation and building publicsupport for the conservation andsustainable use of naturalresources. This holds true evenfor those projects that addressedCBNRM indirectly.

With a view to assessingmeasurable improvements inmanagement capacity atcommunity level, tenure security,institution building, andparticipatory planning wereadopted as indicators for the

persons met during the fieldmission unanimously highlightedinfrastructure development –notably construction of PA staffaccommodation – as the principalachievement of EC support,especially in terms of boostingthe morale of field-level staff (andthereby promoting conservationand natural resourcegovernance). Resource personsfurther emphasised that wildlifegovernance benefited in terms ofraised administrative status andmore independent decision-making at district level, asexemplified by the facts that (i)heads of DWNP district officeshave been upgraded to AssistantDirectors, and (ii) additionalregional wildlife officers havebeen appointed.

EC support further strengthenedNRM-related R&D infrastructureand capacities, specifically theHOORC

21. This project may in

fact be regarded an “island ofexcellence” in terms of utilisationand visibility of EC support. TheHOORC goes to great length todisseminate integrated

conservation in Botswana.Clearly, the PA network has beenoutstandingly successful inconserving certain high-profilegame species, as attested bysignificantly increasedpopulations. Elephants provide acase in point, whose numbers aresaid to have tripled since 1991

22.

Similar trends are reported forbuffalo. This increase comes atthe price of increased habitatdegradation

23and the spread of

diseases around water-holes,and several smaller gamespecies (for example gazelles)appear to be in decline

24. As

population growth approximatesthe PA’s carrying capacity,pressure on adjacent areas(WMAs

25and rangelands) is

mounting. This creates problemsespecially in northern Botswana,where sanitary cordon fences arethe principal means of protectinglivestock against the spread ofFMD from neighbouringZimbabwe. Elephants frequentlydisrupt such fences, thus openingpassage ways for buffalo – themain vectors of FMD. Resultantland-use conflicts are difficult to

Moreover, the outreach in spatialterms as well as in terms of thenumbers of communitiesaddressed is highly diverse, thusrendering aggregate observationson EC support to NRM as awhole impractical.

OVI aside, quantification ofimpacts achieved through ECsupport is further hindered by theabsence of integrated resourcemonitoring tools on the partners’side. The field mission found thateven basic inventory data inrespect of forests, wildlife andrangelands are either missingaltogether, or controlled atnational level. In practice,decisions on management anduse of natural resources arehardly evidence-based.

Implementation of the recentCBNRM policy further appears tocreate adverse incentives forCBNRM. According to the policy,65 % of community revenues(accruing mostly from wildlife) areto be disbursed into a NationalEnvironmental Fund

27while only

35% are to be retained by the

21 Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre at the University of Botswana, Maun Campus22 According to the DWNP district office in Maun, the number of elephants grew from 59,000 (1991) to well over 150,000 at present.23 Large tracts of natural Mopane woodlands are said to have been degraded to shrub-lands and open savannah.24 According to information related by the Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre25 Wildlife Management Areas, typically managed under CBNRM schemes by community-trust funds.27 According to resource persons‘ accounts, this fund is to become operative by the end of 2009.



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assessment.

Only CFDP, WCMP, Cap.Dev.MoLG, and SUBRAP display astraightforward relationship toaspects of tenure. Neither CFDPnor WCMP succeeded inimproving the target communities’tenure rights. MoLG, while aimingto clarify community rights andresponsibilities, only distantlyrelates to environmentalprotection and NRM. Due to itsrecent start, no conclusiveevidence is available at present.By contrast, SUBRAP directlyaddresses the rural communities’management authority overnatural resources, rights ofaccess, and benefit sharingarrangements. Evidence,however limited, suggestssubstantial progress.

The four projects discussedabove are also those mostclosely related to establishmentof CBOs for NRM. For bothCFDP and WCMP existing CBOswere crucial proponents ofCBNRM and benefit sharing.However, despite providingvaluable training support andtechnical assistance, neitherproject created tangible benefits.MoLG will most likely build localgovernments’ capacity forcommunity support, even thoughNRM is not within its immediate

ecosystem and resourcemonitoring results via theInternet, including GIS-basedMIS applications. Viewed fromthis angle, it must seem all themore surprising that relevantsector administrations (wildlife,forestry), according to informationgathered during the field phase,fail to tap into this informationsource with a view tocompensating for their apparentlack of inventory data andevidence-based decision-making.

address, not the least because ofinsufficient coordination betweenMoEWT/DWNP andMoA/Livestock Services. WCMPwas unable to defuse thecontentious wildlife-livestockissue, and other means of ECsupport (for example EIAexercises) did not significantlyimprove the situation.

Moreover, conservationsuccesses, however manifest,are difficult to attribute to theWCMP, partly because theybegan to materialise well beforethe programme’scommencement, and partlybecause various donors in thepast engaged in NRM support.

This judgement criterion furtherrequires that interventions (i)determine or approximate theeconomic value of naturalresources in terms of actual orpotential products and services,and that on this basis (ii) targetedmeasures are taken to promotebusiness and employmentopportunities and generate valueadded (tangible benefits) for thebenefit of resource-dependentrural communities. This can bereasonably expected only ofthose projects, as aimed forcommunity outreach and supportdirectly.

Discussions during the field

communities. This move –intended to redistribute CBNRMfunds nationally for the benefitcommunities lacking access tovaluable natural resources – iswidely perceived as a gradual“recentralisation” of NRM, thuscalling into question basicassumptions about past ECsupport (especially regardingWCMP and CDFP).

During the field mission resourcepersons unanimously concurredthat the contribution of ECsupport to communityempowerment, CBNRM, ruralincome generation andvalorisation of wildlife,rangelands, and forests had beennegligible.



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focus. SUBRAP, owing to itsdirect outreach to communities,promises a significantcontribution to institution buildingfor NRM at community level.

As regards participatorymechanisms at local level,WCMP successfully introduced acommunity-based Management-oriented Monitoring System(MOMS). Even thoughcommunity members weretrained in primary data collection,the MOMS thus far remainsinoperative – due to the fact thatDWNP failed to provide for dataprocessing and entry into acomputerised MIS. Furthermore,approval of management plansproduced with the programme’ssupport was significantly delayed.The CFDP sought to conductparticipatory forest managementplanning for six forest reserves.Owing to the project’sdiscontinuation, this was notachieved. The SUBRAP madesignificant progress in terms ofmanagement planning, despitethe fact that official approval wasdelayed.

mission revealed that nosystematic valuation of naturalresources has so far beenprepared, much less agreed uponby different stakeholders.MoEWT/DWNP and MoArepresentatives were found to bein fundamental disagreementregarding the socioeconomic“value” of wildlife and livestock –an observation that, at least inpart, explains why wildlife-livestock conflicts defy resolution.

CFDP failed to build collaborativepartnerships for forestmanagement, even thoughindividual aspects of theapproach (for example the use of“backyard-nurseries”) remainoperative. WCMP failed toimplement core-aspects of itsCBNRM approach that is theCDF

26. The bulk of tourism-

related revenue remainsconcentrated in the hands ofoperators outside thecommunities. By contrast,SUBRAP reportedly achievedmeasurable effects – evidentlybecause of the project’s directfocus on communitydevelopment. The field missiongathered evidence to suggestthat none of the EC-supportedprojects systematically pursued

26 Community Development Fund



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the establishment or optimisationof value-chains in regard tonatural resources. Without those,the economic viability ofsustainable use is difficult todemonstrate. Moreover, resourcepersons highlighted that thecommunities’ involvement indecisions on management anduse of natural resources remainsvery limited (especially in regardto wildlife).

Indicator(s) 1.1 Resource tenure clarified andsecured

2.1 Kind and scope/extent ofnewly established facilities andupgraded services

3.1 Nr of areas (with highbiodiversity?) protected

4.1 Nr. of newly createdeconomic activities, enterprisesand/or user-groups/community-based organisations (CBO)

Only CFDP, WCMP, MoLG, andSUBRAP display a straightforwardrelationship to aspects of tenure.Neither CFDP nor WCMPsucceeded in improving the targetcommunities’ tenure rights. Inspite of a political commitment toCBNRM, DWNP retains exclusivecontrol over wildlife resources.Implementation of the CBNRMPolicy will likely result in recentra-lisation of wildlife governance, byway of limiting the communitytrust-fund’s control over collectionand use of wildlife revenues.

MoLG, while aiming to clarifycommunity rights and responsi-bilities, only distantly relates toenvironmental protection andNRM. Due to its recent start, noconclusive evidence is available at

Only WCMP specifically aimed atdeveloping PA infrastructure and(eco-) tourism facilities. Owing toimplementation deficits encoun-tered by the project, and weakabsorption capacity on the partnerside, infrastructure developmentprogressed substantially onlytowards the project’s conclusion.Resource persons during the fieldmission unanimously highlightedinfrastructure development –notably construction of PA staffaccommodation – as the principalachievements of EC support,especially in terms of boosting themorale of field level staff (andthereby promoting conservationand natural resource governance).Resource persons furtherunderscored that wildlife

EC support (WCMP) attacheditself to existing PAs and did notpromote reservation of additionalareas.

CFDP: community-basednursery stock production provedeconomically unfeasible; CBFMapproaches failed due theproject’s weak performance andearly closure.

WCMP: CommunityDevelopment Fund (CDF) wasnever implemented. MoEWT/DWNP during the field missionhighlighted the establishment ofthe National EnvironmentalFund as a substitute for thedefunct CDF, however, thisinstrument warrants criticalreflection due to its adverseimpact on control over revenuesby communities engaged inCBNRM. Decision-makingauthority of communitiesregarding quota-setting and



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present. By contrast, SUBRAPdirectly addresses the ruralcommunities’ managementauthority over natural resources,rights of access, and benefitsharing arrangements. Evidence,however limited, suggestssubstantial progress.

governance benefited in terms ofraised administrative status andmore independent decision makingat district level, as exemplified bythe facts that (i) heads of DWNPdistrict offices have been upgradedto Assistant Directors, and (ii)additional regional wildlife officershave been appointed.

EC support further strengthenedNRM-related R&D infrastructureand capacities, specifically theHOORC

28. This project may in fact

be regarded an “island ofexcellence” in terms of utilisationand visibility of EC support. TheHOORC goes to great length todisseminate integrated ecosystem/resource monitoring results via theInternet, including GIS-based MISapplications. Viewed from thisangle, it must seem all the moresurprising that relevant sectoradministrations (wildlife, forestry),according to information gatheredduring the field phase, fail to tapinto this information source with aview to compensating for theirapparent lack of inventory dataand evidence-based decisionmaking.

tendering of use rights to privateoperators remains low & subjectto tight executive oversight andcontrol.

SUBRAP can be expected tohave a direct effect on thedevelopment of community-based economic structures,even though no quantificationwas possible during the fieldmission.

28 Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre at the University of Botswana, Maun Campus



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1.2 Adequate institutionalframeworks for local user groupsand rural communities exist

2.2 New infrastructures are used 3.2 Value-chains developed for arange of bio-resources witheconomic potential (products andservices

4.2 Development of employmentfigures (in concerned ruralareas), as well as enrolment inuser-groups/CBOs

CFDP (EDF 8): Project failed topromote participatory forestmanagement in acomprehensive manner.Individual aspects of theapproach (e.g. back-yardnurseries) remain operative,though.

WCMP (EDF 8): Theprogramme engaged existingand long-establishedcommunity structures (trust-funds for wildlife management).Implementation of the CBNRMPolicy (esp. in regard to benefitsharing) will likely diminishconcerned communities’ role.

Cap. Dev. MoLG (EDF 9):MoLG will likely build localgovernments’ capacity forcommunity support, eventhough NRM is not within itsimmediate focus. Any impactsin regard to NRM will thusremain indirect at best.

SUBRAP (ENV-reg.): due to itsdirect focus on and outreach torural communities, appears tobe making a meaningfulcontribution to the development/strengthening of institutional

Staff accommodation and PAinfrastructure were in facthighlighted as principalachievements of EC support toNRM in Botswana by resourcepersons met during the fieldmission – with beneficial,though indirect, effects on thequality of conservation and PA-administration.

Field mission in respect ofHOORC found numerousexamples of continuing use ofEC support (R&D equipment)and high visibility. HOORCprovides applied research tonumerous stakeholders,including ecosystem monitoringand provision of GIS-basedMIS applications free of charge.HOORC prepared macro-economic studies on valuationof bio-resources, and madecontributions to the resolutionof wildlife/livestock conflicts(EIA). HOORC further employsEC support for trans-boundaryscenario assessmentsregarding likely impacts ofwater development plans inupstream areas; risk

The field mission gatheredevidence to suggest that none ofthe EC-supported projectssystematically pursued theestablishment/optimisation ofvalue-chains related to naturalresources. Without those, theeconomic viability of sustainableuse is difficult to demonstrate.Moreover, resource personshighlighted that the communities’involvement in decisions onmanagement and use of naturalresources remains very limited(especially in regard to wildlife).

WCMP: “the only effect onemployment” was theinvolvement of the ruralpopulation in “constructionworks under the infrastructurecomponent” (MR07)

SUBRAP (ENV-reg.): “in thosecommunities where activitiesare underway positive effectswere already evident”

The field mission confirmed thatthe effect of MPP 3 communitybased NRM projects wasnegligible. One MPP on papermaking from natural fibres(including grass, waste paperand elephant dung), one MPPon handicrafts (never took off).

An increase of specific aspectsover time is impossible toassess, for lack of baseline-values, and clear-cut perfor-mance benchmarks for measu-ring success (OVI).Quantification of impactsachieved through EC support isfurther hindered by the absenceof integrated resourcemonitoring tools on the partners’side. The field mission foundthat even basic inventory data in



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structures for NRM on thecommunity level.

assessments prepared andpolicy advice rendered.

HOORC uses EC-suppliedequipment for EIA services(e.g. assessment of industrialpollution by the BCL mine atSelebi Phikwe, other researchrequests received) → HOORC contemplatescommercialisation of researchservices

respect of forests, wildlife andrangelands are either missingaltogether, or controlled on thenational level.

1.3 Communities and local usergroups participate in manage-ment, planning and design ofmanagement/use arrangements

4.3 Improvement of living cond-itions (consumption, newconsumer goods, self-assessmentof target groups, estimation ofother stakeholders)

CFDP (EDF 8): participatorymanagement planning as partof their intervention logic, butno measurable impact due tothe project’s early closure.

WCMP (EDF 8): participatorymanagement planning does notmaterialise in reality, due to thesector administrations’ prero-gative for (i) quota setting and(ii) selection of privateoperators. Community partici-pation in the operation of theMOMS remains ineffective, dueto DWNP’s failure to developMOMS into a GIS-based MISand decision making tool.

Cap. Dev. MoLG (EDF 9): Theproject aims to build localgovernments’ overallinstitutional capacity, includingknowledge and skills requiredfor cooperation with civil society(including CBOs).

SUBRAP (ENV-reg.):Significant progress is reported

Of the relevant EC-supportedprojects, only SUBRAP may beexpected to achieve ameasurable improvement ofrural livelihoods.

Quantification of effects duringthe field mission turned out tobe impossible, due to lack ofbaseline values, OVI in projectdesigns, and the partneragencies’ failure tosystematically assess relevantindicators through integratedmonitoring. This fact isexacerbated by weak inter-agency coordination.



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1.4 Raised environmentalawareness, acceptance forwildlife/biodiversity protection,and active participation of ruralcommunities in conservationmeasures

All EC supported interventionscontributed to, and achievedprogress in terms of awarenesscreation and building publicsupport for the conservationand sustainable use of naturalresources. But: awarenesscampaigns created highexpectations in localcommunities that were notfulfilled (e.g. failure to launchthe CDF under WCMP).



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EQ 5: How did the major programmes in the non-focal areas and some other interventions of the EC contribute to the objectives of thestrategy, mainly to private sector development and the improvement of income distribution and poverty reduction in rural areas?

29

Answer tothe EQ

Diversification, employment creation and poverty reduction are key objectives of the NDPs and therefore are mainly pursued by GoB activities(see EQ1). EC support in this area was provided through

Support to MLG and NSA in order to establish a dynamic system for the promotion of community development and private sectordevelopment

Funds from the SYSMIN facility for economic diversification in (and outside) the mining sector

Regional programmes on integration and trade that should help promote increased regional trade, thus helping enterprises to increasetheir exports.

The beef protocol allowing exports of beef to the EU market and thus helping create income in rural areas

In addition to the cited areas, EC support to the mentioned objectives was provided via EIB and CDE.

At national level, in disadvantaged, mostly rural areas, the EC supported micro-projects that had a limited scope and thus a limited impact onrural livelihoods. Current support to NSA and MoLG seeks to strengthen national capacities for identifying and implementing such activities ona larger scale. Neither activity has yet produced any additional impact. A major problem seems to be the question of how to involve the privatesector in contributing to diversification and job creation. Use of the aggregate classification “NSA” creates a methodological challenge in that ittends to obscure the specific roles, mandates, and modes of intervention and the specific self-perception of different groups of stakeholders(private sector, NGOs, CBOs, interest groups, advocacy groups etc.). For lack of clear definitions in the source documents assessed, a clearerdistinction between different categories of non-state actors needs to be determined for the future. The programmes of EDF9 (and so far alsofor EDF10) are lacking a clear concept based on roles and responsibilities of different organisations and systemic views of how these groupsand government organisations can work together in areas such as community development or private sector development (which arecompletely different areas).

Substantial support (€30m in addition to €54m given under EDFs 6 and 7) has been given to the BCL and Tati mines with the objective ofreducing Botswana’s economic dependency on diamonds in an environmentally friendly and acceptable manner by strengthening the basemetal sub-sector, thereby permitting diversification of the local and regional economies of Selebi Phikwe, and allowing the mining industry itselfto rehabilitate the environmental damage resulting from mining operations. Existing employment has been protected; additional directemployment was created as the support given under EDFs 6, 7 and 8 allowed expansion of the Tati mine from a very small operation to one ofapproximately 3.000 employees, thanks to continued operation of the BCL smelter. Due to the confidence created in the mining companiesand the local communities with the perspective of a further 10-11 years of operation of the mines and possible further life for the smelterafterwards, economic development in the area has also continued, although at a slow pace; and even the development in Francistown,Botswana’s second largest town close to where the Tati mine is located, is said to have been positively affected.

Regional programmes are addressing trade issues in order to increase regional trade and integration. Apart from the impact of the interim EPAon providing free access to the EC for Botswana’s beef exports, little direct impact has yet materialised from the trade liberalisation. Prospects

29 In this EQ, different areas of activities have been included and summarised since they all have the potential to contribute to the objectives of Private Sector Development (diversification,employment creation etc.). The underlying reasons for this combination have been presented in 3.1.2



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for increased production and employment, with subsequent impact on poverty reduction as a consequence of regional integration in a longerterm perspective, are however good according to a survey of opinions from the private sector and other NSAs, and according to the keypersons interviewed by this evaluation mission

The EU beef quota arrangement (beef protocol) expired in 2007 and beef exports are not limited any more under the Interim EPA). Botswanadoes not yet have the capacity to profit fully either from the quota or from free access to the EU market for its beef. Veterinary problems haveso far been hampering exports. Some regional EC supported programmes are addressing veterinary questions, but the impact on Botswana’sbeef exports is not yet evident.

No answer is possible when it comes to improvements in income distribution and poverty reduction (in rural areas). Nevertheless, there is acertain likelihood of positive impacts in these areas.


1. Micro-projects had animpact on rurallivelihoods

2. MoLG and supportedNSA became moreefficient and moreactive for (local)development

3. The use of SYSMINfunds led to thepreservation of jobs inthe mining sector andthe creation of newemploymentopportunities outsidethe mining sector

4. The support to regionalintegration and trade(activities from countryand regional strategy)and the attraction of FDIhave had an impact onBotswana’s foreigntrade, employment andeconomic diversification

5. Quota arrangementsunder the BeefProtocol (up to 2007)have been importantfor exports and ruraldevelopment.

Answer tothe JC

Findings from the fieldmission suggest that MPPsdid not generate tangiblecommunity benefits andgenerally lacked sustaina-bility. Resource personswere noticeably unable tocite examples of MPPachievements.

From the few availabledocuments (a review reportand two MonitoringReports), it can beconcluded that the MPPwas well received by targetgroups, but the overallimpact on livelihoodsseems to have been limited

NSA and MoLG projectswere conceived inresponse to lessons learntfrom the MPP, albeit with ashift of focus – away fromgenerating communitybenefits, towards promo-ting enabling frameworkconditions for civil societyparticipation in localdevelopment activities. Theexpectation seems to havebeen that these develop-ment activities could beeither community develop-ment activities or privatesector developmentactivities, for examplecreation of small

The use of SYSMIN fundsindeed led to the a partialpreservation of the jobs inthe BCL mine (approxima-tely 20% reduction inemployment between1999 and today) andfurther development of theTati mine from a smalloperation to an operationwith 3.000 employees.Only one-quarter of theworkforce employed inSelebi Phikwe actuallyworks in the miningcompany but the towndepends on the mine andthe smelter. In the 2006CSA report it was

Support to SADC is givenon a regional basis anddirect immediate benefitsfor individual countries arelimited. The support ismainly provided as supportto economic integration,trade liberalisation andfacilitation, and investmentfacilitation. The support toregional integration andtrade facilitation is in gene-ral long-term in nature andthe immediate effects arestill reported to be smallwhen it comes to increasedtrade and investments. Inthe available documents nodirect impact of regional

The exact impact of thequota arrangement onrural development isunknown. Neverthelessthe available documentspostulate a certain level ofimportance for theBotswana economy ofbeef exports to the EU,but without giving details.It is obvious that exportsunder the Beef Protocolhave generated exportrevenue and havesupported livestockrearing and sales as a keysource of income for therural population. The beefprotocol helped to create



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(owing, at least in part, tothe fact that only a minorshare of MPPs actuallyaddressed generation oftangible economic benefits,while the majority wasgeared towards provision ofsocial infrastructure). Nodocumentation is availableon individual projects. Thereview report reveals that,out of 30 projects, only twowere addressing income-generating activities andremote areas of the countrywere not being reached.The combination of therelatively low impactachieved by a relativelysmall number of projectsscattered all over thecountry, together withobservations on the lowcapacity of localcommunities, most NGOsand local government, ledto a decision to formulatecapacity-building projectsso as to increase theoverall number of projectsand make this type ofsupport more sustainable.This was a sound conclu-sion as it has allowedcommunity development tobe made a permanent andefficient process instead ofsupporting individual

businesses.

Until June 2009 the twoprogrammes did not leadto implementation of asingle local project.Programmes supportingMoLG and NSA are in thephase of preparing trainingprogrammes for localgovernments and thevarious stakeholders, andlaunching calls for propo-sals. To our understanding,the underlying idea of thetwo programmes was thatthe Ministry of LocalGovernment and finallylocal governments on theone hand, and NGOs andother NSA on the otherhand, learn how to coope-rate during local projectidentification and imple-mentation. The intentionhad been to create asustainable dynamic forsupporting local communi-ties where Local Govern-ments and NSAs knowhow to exercise theirrespective mandates inpromoting localdevelopment.

Several EC documentsexplain the implementationdelay as a certain degreeof reluctance on the

estimated that 30.000would lose theirlivelihoods if the mineclosed. That would inpractice mean that thetown would become aghost town.

The support over 18 yearsfrom the EC to BCL andlater Tati has beenessential for keeping themining operations in theregion going by supplyingessential equipment,technology and technicalassistance, and encoura-ging other actors - thegovernment, other ownersand creditors - to continuesupporting operation of themines. Support by EDF8was agreed when the mineswere about to close in thelate 1990s.

Not only have the minesbeen kept operating, butthe prospecting work hashelped expand the knownmining reserves to secureoperation of the mines upto around 2020, and workhas started on possibilitiesfor expanding the opera-tion into further refiningand continued working forthird parties even whenmining operations

trade liberalisation onBotswana’s foreign trade,employment and economicdiversification is reported,The prospects forBotswana and the rest ofthe countries are howeververy great over time,although the integrationprocess moves slowly inpractice owing toreluctance of otherparticipating countries tohand over part of theirsovereignty gained not solong ago.

While direct support via theregional programmes hasbeen limited as the SADCprinciple is that the supportis multi-country and at leastthree countries shouldbenefit, there has beensome much-appreciatedsupport to training oneconomic integration andto participation in trade-related negotiations. Thesupport is howevergenerally more indirect asthe support to SADC helpsprovide model laws andregulations and so forth,and each country then hasto adopt them itself.

The EPA agreement hashowever had important

income for ruralhouseholds, but little isknown about themagnitude of the benefit,or about who benefitedand how much.

A major obstacle toexports (Botswana neverexhausted its quota) wasveterinary concern aboutmeat quality. EC stan-dards are higher than USstandards, which led to azoning of cattle exportareas. Areas close towildlife parks in the Northhad to be excluded fromexports to the EC sincecattle from these areashad been vaccinatedagainst diseases that mayhave been transmitted bywild animals. Vaccinatedmeat is excluded fromexports to the EU, but notto the US. Botswana wasseeking to avoid thevaccination problem byseparating wild animalsfrom cattle through greateruse of veterinary fences.This led to problems withthe wildlife department.Recently another zonenear to the Zimbabweanborder had to be added tothe areas from which



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projects through short-termsupport by intermediaryorganisations within theconstraints of a time-boundproject.

Another observation of thereview report indicated thatthe private sector had notbeen responsive toinvitations to formulate andimplement projects,although the concept ofMPP 3 included the idea ofencouraging private sectorparticipation.

Finally, there is nomention of improvementsin rural livelihoods in theexisting reports, despite aserious need for supportin disadvantaged areas.

government side. In fact,neither community deve-lopment nor private sectordevelopment are coretasks of the MoLG. AlsoNSAs seem confusedabout the expectations theprogramme has from themsince the areas of expec-ted activities are notdescribed anywhere. Aclear concept is missing.Neither programmesubmitted an inceptionreport.

The achievement of MoLGand NSA programmeobjectives appears at risk,primarily due to theabsence of a clearconcept, which clarifiesroles and responsibilities oflocal governments andNSA in a sustainableprocess of supportingcommunity developmenton one hand, and privatesector development on theother. A clear concept ofthe two programmes thatare two sides of the samecoin would even have ledto a differentimplementation structure(instead of creation of aprogrammeimplementation unit for theNSA-programme). Finally,

eventually cease at Tatiand BCL.

While the currentinternational crises sentprices for nickel belowbreak-even costs for themines last year, the pricesare already increasingand at this stage themines believe they aremaking a small profit.

Economic diversificationattempts outside themining operations havebeen supported by thegovernment on differentoccasions through supportto establishment ofindustries in the area, butthe activities have notbeen sustainable andhave closed down. Recentinitiatives supported by theEC (after the midtermreview of the EDF8support in 2007) to set upan economic diversifica-tion unit for the region isby all observersrecognised as promisingalthough at this stagethere is only marginalimpact. Continued supportfor the unit would beimportant in a transitionperiod for achievingsustainability, as the unit

immediate effects forBotswana as it has allowedcontinued free access tothe European market for itsbeef exports after the endof the free access underthe “Everything but ArmsAgreement” in 2007.Without this free accessbeef exports are likely tohave suffered as it wouldhave been competing onan equal footing with Braziland Argentina. This couldhave had a very negativeimpact on the incomes ofmany small cattle farmers.Support received under anEPA support project andsupport for negotiations inservices via UNCTAD arereported to have beensubstantial and muchappreciated by theBotswana authorities whofeels that their capacitieshave been enhanced andthat the substantivenegotiations have beensupported. Other recentregional projects related toCustoms, investments andothers are only today in theinitial stages and little directbenefit has yet accrued tothe individual countries.

One SADC projectsupported investment and

exports are restricted.Given the difficult situationin Zimbabwe, animaldiseases are spreadingacross the “green” border.

Quota-free exports of beefare already possibleunder the Interim EPA. Sofar exports have notincreased. But thereseems to be a hugepotential for ruraldevelopment from thebeef sector. The EC ishelping Botswana andother countries, via aregional programme, tocope with Europeanveterinary and hygienestandards with a view toincreased exports toEurope.



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the mix of communitydevelopment and privatesector developmentactivities at expectationlevel may have led to aprogramme where NSAwith very differentorientation have been puttogether in a singleprogramme (with no clearobjective) with the resultthat they are confusedabout the intentions andexpectations of theprogramme. Availableevidence suggests that themix of NGO and privatesector organisations in asingle programme verylikely gave rise to thecreation of a PIU instead ofusing an existing umbrellaorganisation such asBOCONGO for programmeimplementation with a viewto improving long-termsustainability.

Findings also suggest thatpublic authorities arereluctant to involve NGOsin the implementation ofGoB- or donor-supportedprogrammes, citingliability concerns arisingfrom the NGOs’ weakcapacity for financialmanagement. The

started to operate so latein the project’s life.

The aspect ofdiversification outside themining sector was not partof the EDMS programmeuntil recently, but hasbeen supported by theGOB and other initiatives,including a World Bankproject.

Data from the 1991 and2001 censuses indicate anincrease in employment inthe area from 17.000 to19.600 in the 10 yearsbetween the two censuses,in spite of the reduction inemployment in the mine.Recent data are not directlycomparable, so no updateddata are provided. Howeverwhile the town councilrecognises that the town toa certain degree isdepressed, it is alsorecognised by a number ofinterviewees that thereseems to have been adevelopment in theconstruction industry and inservices in recent years.No detailed data on thenumber of enterprisesdeveloped in the area isavailable, but CSA reportdata from 2006 give the

trade promotion moredirectly. The gains forBotswana of this projectseems however to havebeen nil or marginal inpractice although there wasa great deal of interest inthe conferences andcontacts established.Activities by the CDE havebeen of a stop-go natureand although theorganisation have kept anoffice in Gaborone since2004 activities have beenlimited as the office haspractically been non-operational for two yearsand only recentlyreopened.

In the area of support forcommercial linkages fortrade and investments viaSADC or the CDE, supporthas been highly inefficient,although there is a highdemand and a highpotential for such support ifproperly managed.

Nevertheless, there isconsensus in many docu-ments and from the inter-views by this evaluationmission that Botswanawould be a major profiteerfrom regional integrationand an increase in



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weakness of NGOs or of“Civil Society” is alsotaken as an argument fortraining them to becomemore efficient. But theexpected impact oftraining measures (assupplied by the NSAprogramme) is weakenedby constant staff turnoverin NGOs. NGOs do nothave the financial capacityto maintain their staff.Staff leave wheneverthere are otheropportunities. Thewithdrawal of donors fromBotswana reportedlytriggered a noticeabledecline of the NGOcommunity as well. NGOsneed a secured long-termfinancial perspective tomaintain staff.

Since there is no jointconcept for the MLG andNSA programmes in speci-fic cases or in cooperationbetween local govern-ments and NSA in general(including the financing oflocal developmentprogrammes and theservices of NSA duringproject design and imple-mentation through localgovernments according tothe principle of

number of businesslicences in force in the areaas 642, indicating arelatively lively businesscommunity.

An amount of 632 millionpula will by 2011 beaccumulated at the re-employment account(REA) through repay-ments from BCL. At thisstage it has been decidedthat a major part of thefunds will be used for theconstruction of a technicalcollege in Phikwe thatmay also contribute tocreation of new jobs in theshort run (teachers, staffetc.) and to diversificationin the long run, providedgraduates are able to setup new enterprises asexpected.

The control of emissionsand environmental issueshas been an issuethroughout the life time ofthe mine. Emissions ofsulphur dioxide have beenaccepted as in accor-dance with local standardsfrom 1981, but are farabove European emissionstandards of today inrelation both to humanhealth and to the

regional trade in a longerperspective.

Economic diversification isin train although it may lookslow as the diamond sectoris so large in comparison.Diversification is takingplace within the miningsector with the discovery ofnew mineral deposits (coaland cobber for instance)and with the increase in thedegree of processing in thecountry, as for example indiamond processing,construction of huge powerplants using local coal, andso forth. Service sectorsand tourism are alsogrowing as is theconstruction industry. Thispattern of economic growthand diversification is notunusual in a natural-resource-rich economy andshould not be of specialconcern in the context of aliberalising economy in aglobalised world. Strongersupport to the performanceof the agricultural sectorand value chains linked toagriculture could probablybe especially beneficial foremployment and povertyreduction. There is also ademand and apparentneed for support to



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subsidiarity), a sustainablesupport system for localdevelopment will notemerge.

The future EDF10programme may sufferfrom the same problems ifthere are no clearobjectives, no clarificationof the (expected) roles andresponsibilities of CivilSociety Organisations(CSO) in the developmentprocess, and no conceptallowing these organisa-tions to maintain them-selves and their staff.

ecosystem. Differentattempts by the mine overtime to control emissionsby processing the sulphurdioxide or shifting to othertechnologies have failed.EC support has tended toconcentrate onenvironmental issuesrelated to cleaning themining area after closureand other areas of themining operations, as thesupport was given on theassumption that the minewould be closed downwithin a few years. It isnow the intention to workon a solution to theemission problem usingpart of the funds in theREA account combinedwith a loan from EIB.

Adequate control of emis-sions will be a decisivefactor in economicdiversification andemployment creation in thearea.

development of the privatesector, and for export andFDI promotion. While thepresent support from theEC is limited, there isscope for increased andwell-targeted support.

Indicator(s) 1.1Reports and Targetgroups confirm improve-ments in living conditions

2.1 Increase in activitiesand projects

3.1 Production andemployment figures in themining sector

4.1 Increase inintraregional exports andimports

5.1 Development in beefproduction, includingsmallholder production

No traces from MPPcould be found in thoseareas visited (Maun,Francistown, Gaborone)

So far, no project hasbeen identified norimplemented; thisseems due to a lack of

BCL Ltd. operationscontinued and the Tatimine operationssubstantially expanded.

The EC SADC regionalstrategy papersummarizes the mostrecent informat6ion

The field mission couldonly confirm that there isa huge potential toincrease beef



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Review report: Therehas been generalsatisfaction with theperformance of theprogramme

The programme wouldhowever like to havesupported a greaternumber and a widervariety of incomegenerating projects

Report: Benefits did notreach the remoter partsof the country

Weak role ofNSA/NGO/CBO in MPPimplementation stated

concept that combinesactivities of MLG andNSA

Involvement of NSAs inthe implementation ofthe EDF 9 NIP, aspartners, implementersand/or beneficiaries,was extensivelydiscussed during anational workshoporganised, in January2004 in Gaborone, bythe F. Ebert Foundationand the Botswana NGOumbrella organisation,BOCONGO.

NSA programme did notyet lead to projects(after 1 year ofpreparation), delay ledto not sending the PIF ofthe 10

thEDF CS-

support

EAMR: The majorobstacle encounteredwas the slowimplementation of theon-going EDF9 NSAprogramme andabsence of a clearwillingness by the GoBto empower civil society.

MoLG: same (EAMR:due to Ministry’scommitment)

NSA/MoLG: Training

BCL in Selebi Phikweemployed 4,017persons in 2004 downfrom 5.192 in 1998(numbers given in CSAreport 2006) ensuring alivelihood for about30,000 people. Some ofthe reduction is probablya result of outsourcing.

Employment increasedin Selebi Phikwe from17.000 in 1991 to19.600 in 2001(population censuses) inspite minor fall inemployment in the mine.Later statistical data arenot directly comparable.

Employment in theprivate and parastatalsector has increasedfrom 166,300 in 2001 to191,400 in 2008, anincrease of 25,100, ofwhich only 4,500 werein the mining sector(CSO, June 2008Formal EmploymentStatistics).

While the export ofdiamonds in1999 inapproximate numberswas 2079 million USDcopper /nickel expertwas 88 million USD, thediamond exports in

regarding development inthe intraregional trade asfollows:

“The back loading of tariffliberalization under thetrade protocol and thetime lag in the availabilityof SADC trade data makeit difficult to draw empiricalconclusions about theimpact of the tradeprotocol on intraregionaltrade flows. However, thefollowing points can bemade:

Intraregional tradeaccounted for 19% oftotal SADC trade in2003. This share hasnot increased since1998.

It is dominated by SouthAfrica; mostintraregional trade isconducted within SACU.

There has been a verymodest increase intrade between non-SACU members andSouth Africa.

Barring changes ineconomic structure, thegains from trade will belargely of the inter-industry type, althoughthere may beopportunities for

production and toestablish productionlines on products fromlivestock rearing

Beef production forexport is mainly a matterof a small number of bigproducers

Agriculture (driven bylivestock sector andbeef exports) accountsfor 2% of GDP

“Livestock rearing is thecentral agriculturalactivity in Botswana andthe main income sourcefor the rural population.Livestock raring andsales are the maincommercial activity andsource of cash in therural economy....Botswana’s beef exportsto the EU are crucial forthe country’s economicdiversification attempts”.(ODI: ”Analysis of theEconomic and SocialEffects of Botswana’sLoss of Preferentialmarket Access for BeefExports to the EuropeanUnion”, Aug. 2007)

38% of households(about 600,000 people)own cattle; 75% of cattleowners are small-scale



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courses prepared -Review of MPP3recommends: Capacitybuilding does not meantraining, but toaccompany the processof project formulationand implementation; apool of experts andorganisations to provideservices during projectidentification andimplementation(outsourcing of thisfunction).

JAR 07, p.4: GoBproposed to allocate asubstantial proportion ofthe incentive tranche notonly to budget supportin the focal sector butalso to support NSA(increase to 8 M Euro).

CSP 10: Civil Societylacks capacities andfinancial resources

CSP 10, p.24: NGO co-finance budget line:Local NGOs do notseem to be benefitingfrom it.

EAMR I/09: CS isrepresented in sectordialogue (E&T) andparticipate actively

2008 was 3269 millionUSD and thecopper/nickel export.(JAR 2007)

“The EconomicDiversification Unit hasan interim head and oneLT TA in place since2008 and a permanenthead was nominated inearly 2009. Still noadditional staff in place.(interviews with SPEDOJune 2009).

specialization inprocesses along theproduction chain(vertical integration).

By and large all data andobservers concur with theobservation that the tradeliberalization andintegration process is along term endeavour andthat the benefits will takelong time to materialize.

A survey of opinions with-in the private sector showfollowing expectations(approximate numbers) inrelations to the impact ofregional integration:

Increase in employment20%,

Increase in production30%

New business activity60%

Access to cheaperinputs 55%, IncreasedSADC imports 52%

Increased SADCexports 52%.

The interviewee inBotswana in connectionwith this evaluationconcurred with the viewthat this picture coveredthe situation of Botswanaalso, although Botswana

farmers with a herd sizeof 1-19 cattle.(Household Income andExpenditure Survey,HIES, 2003)

A study by ODIconcludes that the BeefProtocol also has beensupportive of smallscale farmers (ODA,Analysis of theEconomic and SocialEffects of Botswana’sLoss of PreferentialMarket Access for BeefExports to the EuropeanUnion, August 2007)

Implicit value of BeefQuota substantial (ODI,Aug.2007)

For the period 1994-2006 Botswana fulfilledon average 55 percentof its quota whileNamibia and Swazilandfulfilled their quota to 71percent and 10 percentrespectively(COMEXT/Eurostat)

There are significantannual variations:During the period 1996to 2000, the volume ofexports was in the rangeof around 10,000 to13,000 tons; and 2002to 2005 the range was



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seems to have higherexpectations to integrationthan a number of theother SADC memberstates.

around 8,000 – 9,000tons. The year 2006was particularly bad at5,500 tons which was38 percent below theaverage(COMEXT/Eurostat)

1.2 Other stakeholdersconfirm improvements /effects on incomedisparities

2.2 Relevant stakeholdersconfirm the increasing roleof NSA and MoLG for(local) development

3.2 No. of newenterprises, newemployment opportunities

4.2 Development of FDI 5.2 Development incontrol of animal diseases

No traces from MPPcould be found in thoseareas visited (Maun,Francistown, Gaborone)

Since there are norealisations nobodycould confirm this. Thelack of a commonconcept (according tothe principle ofsubsidiarity) makes itunlikely that an increasewill show as aconsequence of EC-support.

Economic diversificationin the area was supportedby a World Bank programin the 90’ties and theGOB and the town councilhas worked on regionalplanning and develop-ment since the late60’ties. The World Banksupport and other GOMinitiatives initially resultedin establishment of anindustrial area and anumber of industries,including textile Indus-tries, were set up. Todaythe industrial area to alarge extent lies idle andthe industries left whenthe subsidies or otherspecial arrangementsended. While the towncouncil recognizes thatthe town to a certaindegree is depressed, it isalso by a number of the

Foreign investmentsincreased from a level ofbetween 35 and 100million USD a year from1998 to 2000 tobetween 200 and 400million USD a yearbetween 2003 to 2007(IMF data).

There is however noconsistent data trendtowards increases thelatest year in the IMF.

Data for the last yearsprovided by BEDIA ofinvestments handledwith BEDIA shows adoubling of foreigninvestment during theperiod 2004 to 07. Thedata also show an evenstronger growth inexpansions of existinginvestments (theseexpansions may not allbe captured by the IMF

EC is supporting thecontrol of animaldiseases from regionalprogrammes. Botswanais less concerned by theproblem. The regionalprogramme on FMDwas stopped due toproblems in Zimbabwe

“Botswana hascompetent authorityperformance” (Finalreport on a MissionCarried out in BotswanaMarch 2007 in order toevaluate animal healthcontrols in place, inparticular over foot-and-mouth disease andpublic health controlsystems and certifiedprocedures”, EC Health& Consumer ProtectionDirectorate- General,FVO, 04/06/07



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interviewee recognizedthat there seem to havebeen a development inthe construction industryand in cervices. Nodetailed data on thedevelopment in number ofenterprises in the area isavailable, but CSA reportdata from 2006 give thenumber of businesslicenses in force in thearea to 642, indicating arelatively lively businesscommunity.

data).

4.3 Businessorganisations confirmimpact on employmentand economicdiversification

No confirmation on that.



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EQ 6: To what extent has HIV-AIDS been taken sufficiently into consideration by the EC (for the achievement of the objectives of thecooperation strategy)?

Answer tothe EQ

HIV/AIDS is threatening the achievement of the objectives of the cooperation strategy in many respects (for example: educated HR cannot bevalorised; losses of HR through illness and death, etc.). Therefore the EC identified areas where it wished to contribute to the fight against thedisease. Especially during identification of the CSP/NIP and the subsequent programming, the EC took into account the activities of otherdonors and took this as a starting point for developing its own response.

Substantial investment by the GoB and other donors persuaded the EC to refrain from developing its own programmes with national scope.The EC decision not to create its own country programmes on HIV/AIDS seems justified. The sector is heavily supported by the US, andnational funds for combating the disease are also of considerable magnitude. Instead the EC concentrated on mainstreaming HIV/AIDS in allits interventions and supported programmes at regional level.

For a couple of years, the combined activities of GoB and donors led to slight reductions in prevalence rates and new infections and toimprovements in the treatment of people suffering from the disease. Activities financed under the RIP may have helped to achieve theseresults. Regional programmes supported by the EC contributed to the development of national policies and response strategies (this is ageneral finding; verification for Botswana not being possible from the available documentation), and to a broadening of awareness. Butmeanwhile it is reported that awareness is again declining and prevalence rates are going up again.

It is very difficult to assess to what extent HIV/AIDS mainstreaming has been efficient and successful. Mainstreaming as an important activity ismentioned in all documents, but activities are seldom described in reports. It seems that HIV/AIDS mainstreaming led to some results in theeducation sector, and that it was less effective in other sectors (for example the mining sector).


1. Mainstreaming was effective in all EC-financed programmes (especially in theeducation and training sector)

2. Activities financed under the RIPcontribute to mitigate the negative effectsof the epidemic

3. Activities of the Government and otherdonors (including the utilisation of meansfrom the global fund) have achievedconsiderable impacts in the fight againstHIV-AIDS

Answer tothe JC

The notion of mainstreaming HIV/AIDS is notused in EDF8 planning documents; for EDF9and 10, mainstreaming is mentioned in allEC-supported programmes.

MoESD reports adoption of “HIV-AIDSpolicies”, curricular modules and materials forschools and teacher training. In the educationsector, it was planned that all students shouldreceive contextualised education andinstruction on reproductive health, sexualityand HIV-AIDS by 2004. Reports mention

The only planned meeting that could not takeplace was the one with the HIV-AIDScoordinator of the SDAC-secretariat.Therefore knowledge on the regional HIV-AIDS programmes remains limited. As inmost of the regional programmes, it is difficultto assess from available documents whetherand how Botswana was in the end profitingfrom their activities. Three major programmes(two under the RIP, one under the EuropeanProgramme for Reconstruction andDevelopment - EPRD) have been financed;

Over a longer period prevalence rates havegone down in the 15-19 age group and alsoin the 15-49 age group, the latter being theeconomically-active group. Figures differaccording to the source but all confirm thetrend. Only recently trends start to reverseagain (see table 6, p. 40). The report on latestHIV-AIDS survey had just being releasedduring the period of the mission, but could notbe made available. NACA confirmed thenegative trends from the last estimate in2008. According to the findings, the new



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mainstreaming activities (even in“mathematics”), but it remains difficult toassess what was intended and what wasachieved. Reports on the SPSP mentionmaterials that were developed (curriculumteacher guidelines and student books). Thiscorresponds to the SBS indicator related toHIV/AIDS. In the last version of the indicatorset, the EC seeks to promote research onadolescent sexual behaviour patterns. Theevaluation of this indicator will take place laterthis year.

Some studies report disappointing results,with a decrease of awareness and knowledgeof the disease among the student populations(but at the same time figures on newinfections seem to be declining, see JC 3).

The newly-developed HRD Strategy does noteven mention HIV-AIDS and how to take itinto account when planning HRDprogrammes.

There are hardly any indications of proactivemainstreaming of HIV/AIDS (or other cross-cutting issues, for that matter) by other ECsupported programmes (for example CFDP,WCMP or MPP, NSA, MLG); apart fromrather generic references in the projectdesigns (for example by means of – howeverinadequately phrased – indicators at resultslevel).

Information on the EDMS-programmeindicates that in the first project design nomainstreaming activities were envisagedwhile at the same time the mining areas havethe highest incidence of HIV/AIDS. However,the mining company implemented a very

two have already been closed, one based inthe UB is ongoing. The Delegation mentionsthe regional programmes as successful andalso mentions that others are said to becontinuing.

Reports refer to impacts of the regionalsupport programme for an expanded multi-sectoral response on the formulation ofnational policies by providing capacity forpolicy formulation and by sharing bestpractice. Mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS in eachand every Ministry is reported. The NationalAids Coordinating Agency (NACA) reportsthat other countries may have profited morefrom the experience of Botswana than theother way round.

EC (EPRD) contributed to a regionalawareness creation programme “Soul City”.Originally a successful South Africanprogramme, the regional programme adaptedthe programme to the needs of 8 SADCcountries including Botswana. No reports onimpact or behavioural change due to theprogramme are available. One monitoringreport assumes that there was a considerableincrease of awareness through the differentmeans of communication used by the SoulCity programme. The TV component, as themost powerful medium, was not adopted inBotswana since the Botswana context is saidto be too different from the South African one.

Other reports indicate successes inawareness creation, but recently this trendseems to have reversed and young peopleare again starting to neglect the danger. Noreport was found to highlight the success of

National Strategy Framework sees preventionas again a priority. Also BNAPS willconcentrate on prevention.

At the same time treatment with antiviraldrugs increased (financed primarily from GoBand other donor funds, mainly from USsources). The roll-out of the free Anti-Retroviral (ARV) drug programme, alsofinanced from US and GoB resources,launched in 2002, now shows a good uptakewith 54,000 patients enrolled in 2005 (a 67%increase over 2004); the PMTCT now covers73% of pregnant sero-positive women;Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT)covered 142,500 people in 2005; and the useof condoms has dramatically increased inrecent years.

The effects of decreasing prevalence ratesover the last years (before the recent upturn)and increasing treatment rates will logicallylead to fewer deaths and greater investmentin human resources. It is not known whetherthe financial dimension of these improvementscenarios has been quantified. A mainchallenge today would be ensuringcontinuation of these positive trends andaddressing the newly-observed negativedevelopments.

Botswana also received funds from theGlobal Fund, but at one point experiencedproblems in applying for further funding owingto inadequate reporting. The EC suppliedconsultancy services to solve theseproblems. Botswana submitted a proposal forround 7 (without success) and round 9, whichhas not yet been decided.



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successful HIV-AIDS response strategy(workplace policy) without any EC support.

EC is now seeking to team up with otherdonors, mainly the WB, to identify a commonapproach (including mainstreaming andworkplace programmes) and bettercoordination of all interventions. Difficultiesare reported, caused by “complex internalcoordination procedures and an absence ofactive participation by MoESD in the HIV-AIDS Partnership Forum” (donor coordinationforum) of the National AIDS Council. TheBotswana National HIV/AIDS PreventionSupport Response Project (BNAPS, $50m),which focuses on prevention, is the first IBRD“buy down” transaction in Africa made incollaboration with the EC. This projectenabled GoB to borrow, for global publicgood, on near “concessional terms” throughan innovative design that allowed the EC toeffectively finance the interest payments ofthe IBRD loan (roughly $20m over 4 years)against agreed targets and outcomes.

social marketing activities, even though theuse of condoms has increased.

NACA sees a bottleneck in prevention and insome other areas relating to mitigation ofHIV-AIDS consequences in that NGOs onlyhave low management and absorptioncapacities. NACA did not talk of its ownshortcomings. BNAPS will also address“programme efficiency”.

Indicator(s) 1.1 Programming documents and reportsmention specific activities

2.1 National Policy development has profitedfrom regional inputs

3.1 National statistics show improvements

No information available about documentsand activities under EDF 7

NIP 8, p.8f: Community support will beprovided through the following instrumentsand operations: … Improvement of healthservices and in particular continuedassistance to mitigate the AIDS/HIVpandemic in a multi-sectoral approach tothis problem.

MR reg. HIV-AIDS: Mainstreaming even inmathematics

NACA explained during field mission thatother countries may have profited morefrom the experiences of policy making andstrategy implementation than Botswanaprofited from their experience

The SADC HIV/AIDS-Unit could not bevisited during field mission due to absenceof interlocutors (they have been travelling);

MR-Bw 06, p.2: Many regional policies,strategies and frameworks that have beencompiled to date are said to be having a

Improvements between 2003 and 2007,since there is a decline in awareness andan increase in prevalence rates. Exactfigures in the Report on the National SurveyIII to come (not available during fieldmission)

Around 30% of 15 to 49 age group in 2000

National HIV/AIDS Care and PreventionPlan; Botswana National HIV/AIDSStrategic Framework 2003-09

in 2004, an average rate of 25.3% in the



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CSP 9, p.17: description of responsestrategy in the focal HRD sector withoutmention of HIV/AIDS

CSP 9, p. 17: In the description of nonFocal Sectors HIV/AIDS is mentioned asone of the areas where “EC will probably beled to consider further support activities”,but overlap with massive announcedcontributions from private USA donationshas to be avoided (possibly including thefinancing of anti-retroviral drug treatment).

NIP 9, p. 23: HIV/AIDS is mentioned as apossible intervention that may be chosen:HIV/AIDS focussing on prevention, care,support of victims…

MTR: Since the end of the EDF7 HIV/AIDSprogramme, there is currently no directsupport for the fight against HIV/AIDS.

LF CSP 9: Mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS asone of 5 Intervention Objectives

LF CSP 9: Target: 100% of learners andtrainees receiving contextualised educationand instruction on reproductive health,sexuality, HIV-AIDS in 2004

Indicator of SBS foresees the developmentof materials.

EAMR I/08: MTR of E&T SPSPrecommended discontinuing the soleindicator on HIV/AIDS in the programme,this was judged unacceptable (JAR 07: it isplanned that the release of EDF10 fundswould be triggered by the achievement ofindicators taken from the performancemeasurement framework agreed betweenthe Government and the World Bank, toavoid a duplication of performance

tremendous impact on national policieswhich draw a lot from the former, e.g.MoESD, guidelines on water resourcemanagement (?), in transport and miningsection (harmonisation of regulations)

It provided the much needed capacity forpolicy formulation; ETR reg. HIV/AIDS EDF8: The production of fundamental policypapers influenced decision making at thenational level because of the sound andparticipatory approach that the Unit hasfollowed.

Ministry focal points established

Reg. project: A framework formainstreaming HIV and AIDS has beendeveloped, also a Framework onDocumenting and Sharing Best Practices, adatabase of resource persons andinstitutions

Sharing best practices is appreciated

MR, Soul City: Awareness with respect toHIV/AIDS has certainly increased as printedmaterial has been distributed to virtuallyevery child in the country and radioownership exceeds 80%. Information frompre-tests shows that the message has beenwell received. The use of small scale followup activities increases significantly theawareness; the non-use of TV broadcastshas deprived the beneficiaries from themost effective media of HIV/AIDSmessages dissemination. Increasedawareness does not at the moment gohand-in-hand with changing risk perception.

A quantitative survey (on behaviourchange) is expected next year (2007), to be

population aged 15-49; HIV prevalence inthe group [15-19] decreased from 22.8% in2003 to 17.8% in 2005

The roll-out of the free Anti-Retroviral (ARV)drug programme, launched in 2002, nowshows a good uptake with 54,000 patientsenrolled in 2005 (a 67% increase over2004), as well as the PMTCT, which covers73% of pregnant sero-positive women, andVoluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT),which concerned 142,500 people in 2005,while the use of condoms has dramaticallyincreased over recent years.

Enormous costs of care and treatmentfinanced by GoB and other donors (mainlyUS)

The GF, where the Commission is a majorcontributor, finances only a relatively smallshare of the AIDS response in Botswana. Itapproved $18.58 m and $5.51 m towardsBotswana’s HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosisproposals respectively. This compares withaverage annual expenditure of € 200 m,80% financed by GoB’s own resources. Outof the $18.58 m, the country receivedaround $9 m in June 2004 (round 2) as agrant to help scale up its multi-sectoralresponse to HIV AIDS and about $2.79 mout of the $5.51 m granted for TB inDecember 2006 (round 5). The remainingfunds, however, were held back asBotswana did not submit regular reports.GF encouraged the country to address theproblems that hampered implementation ofthe grant and to reapply for future funding.The European Commission has supportedthe Government by financing a consultancy



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indicators and assessments.)

CSP 10, p. 5: The mainstreaming approachwill be strengthened for four cross-cuttingissues including the fight against HIV/AIDS.

EAMR I/09: During the reporting periodmuch work was devoted to identifying ourpossible HIV and AIDS component of the10

thEDF HRD SPSP together with the World

Bank in the spirit of the Paris Declaration.

The Delegation was closely involved in thepreparation of the WB HIV/AIDS project, toensure coordination with the HRD SPSPHIV/AIDS component.

SPSP, FA, add2: Indicator deleted, repla-ced by: Research undertaken into adoles-cent sexual behaviour and prevention policyoptions identified; coordination/alignment ofdonor assistance to HIV/AIDS in theeducation sector is included in thepartnership forum on HIV/AIDS

MTR/SPSP proposes indicator to encourageHIV-AIDS- extension of the workplaceinitiative to all educational institutions

checked to analyse the management of round twofunding from GF and make recommenda-tions for round seven. Botswana’s eligibilitybeyond round seven is subject to review.Weak institutional capacity at all levels andcoordination problems result in underper-formance. Multi-level coordination,implementation monitoring and reportinghave been identified as requiringimprovement.

1.2 Achievements are reported (e.g. HIV-AIDS education in schools)

2.2 Other achievements are reported

MoESD confirmed modules to be taught atschool

MTR EDF 9, p.9: While the importance ofthis epidemic is highlighted in the CSP/NIPand there is a commitment to mainstreamHIV/AIDS in all EDF 9 interventions, thegravity of the pandemic has further increa-sed since the CSP/NIP was negotiated

The EC’s active and continuous engage-ment with the Government is critical inidentifying precise ways of mainstreaming

No other achievement have been reported

Achievements of Regional HIV/AIDS aware-ness and Education Programme (Sun City)through PSI-Botswana (?); creation ofedutainment capacity in Botswana (visit PSI)could not be discussed. The SADCHIV/AIDS-Unit could not be visited duringfield mission due to absence of interlocutors.

JAR 07: The publication of Evaluating andDrawing Lessons Learnt in Piloting anInitiative on HIV and AIDS in the SADC



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HIV/AIDS into focal sector intervention. Inparticular, specific attention should be paidto gender aspects, in the context of themuch higher HIV prevalence in women thanmen.

No mainstreaming activities inimplementation of SYSMIN in the miningsector (oral information from Delegation)

E&T SPSP: Training manuals are said toexist

JAR 07, p.12: Though incidence is nowreported as declining in younger popula-tions, levels of knowledge of transmissionand effective prevention have declined andare disappointing given the general publicvisibility of HIV and AIDS messages and theefforts being made through the educationsector in targeting youth.

JAA1, indicator 20: All school and collegeHIV/AIDS coordinators trained in a varietyof curriculum initiatives aimed at theprovision and integration of HIV/AIDSawareness. JAA3: The revised curriculumteacher guidelines and student books areeither under tender or in schools.

Indicator dropped for tranche 4: newindicator requires research on adolescentsexual behaviour pattern (progress isreported) and Coordination / alignment ofdonor assistance. The latter was notachieved due to “Complex internalcoordination procedures, and no activeparticipation of MoESD in the PartnershipForum.” (None of the interlocutors metknew about the problem)

Region (Oct 2007) adds to the alreadyextensive list of guidelines and bestpractice documents produced. The finalphase of the project will help improve thewebsite and undertake a final evaluation.

The Health and Development InnovativeConsortium (HDIC) - A network of ACPUniversities to strengthen national HIV-AIDS responses only started in 2007; UBhouses the network Secretariat

ETR HIV/AIDS EDF8, p 10: Effective andfeasible strategies for reducing HIV andAIDS that benefit in particular thosepopulation groups at higher risk of HIVinfection and of neglect have beendeveloped and implemented qualifiedpartners from the region

MR06: AIDS mainstreamed in each andevery Ministry (of the region), private sectoris having workplace strategies



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EQ 7: To what extent has the consideration of key cross-cutting issues (CCI: gender, environment, Governance; HIV-AIDS is under EQ 7)in planning and implementation of EC support contributed to achieving the objectives of Commission support to Botswana?

Answer tothe EQ

In the area of gender, EC support helps to maintain and improve the already high degree of gender equality at all levels of the education andtraining system that ensure that men and women have the same chances in life. In all other areas supported by the EC, gender issues areaddressed in planning documents, often with special attention to gender equity issues although impact is less evident than in the educationand training sector.

Nonetheless, women are still more affected by poverty than men. In the micro-projects programme, some projects addressed the specificneeds of women. Specific EC-supported NGO projects are addressing the issue of gender-related violence but the impact may be limited dueto low implementation capacities.

Apart from the focal sector programmes under EDF8, environmental aspects are less consistently addressed than gender issues.Environmental problems are mentioned in documents and environmental activities are reported from the mining sector (repair of ecologicaldamage), in the architectural design of VTC Francistown, and in the MPP (two community-based environmental programmes). An exception isthe highly efficient support to HOORC financed from the EC environmental budget line.

In recent years increasing policy dialogue and the use of the TCF have helped to address issues of Good Governance. The support anddialogue seems to be very cost-efficient, and one way or another affect the efficiency with which the government is doing business on both theexpenditure and revenue sides. The support and dialogue therefore support the poverty reduction agenda, as it makes it possible for thegovernment to provide more and better services and support. The support to the anti corruption authority and the court system will alsoeventually have an impact on the rule of law.


1. Gender and environmental issues havebeen considered during planning, in theplanning documents (e.g. as indicators),and are followed up during programmeimplementation

2. Specific activities and programmes areaddressing gender, environmental issuesand governance (e.g. from budget lines orTCF)

3. Effects on gender and environmentalissues can be observed in the areas of ECintervention

Answer tothe JC

In the programming documents of EDFs 8and 9, gender and environmental issues havebeen widely covered. Gender issues aremore often addressed in planning documentsand reports than environmental issues.Issues of Good Governance have beenmentioned in planning documents, oftenpositively.

While there is general acceptance that inrespect of gender equity the situation inBotswana is above African standards,comments received suggest that in other

In the area of gender two projects are atpresent being implemented in Botswana byNGOs (one co-financed by the EC, the otherfrom the gender budget line) as well as aregional project (financed from the genderbudget line in the early years of this decade).There is no report on the regional project andthe two others started only recently; it is saidto be too early to measure impact. Firstreports mention the low absorption capacityof the NGO “Women against Rape” that isimplementing the project addressing gender

So far no direct effects of EC activities ongender can be observed. Gender equality hasnearly been achieved in the education sector(see EQ3 but also the sector description inchapter 2). Girls accounted for 49.3% and51.9% of total enrolment at primary andsecondary levels respectively in 2004, and49.9% across all levels. The EC helps toidentify problem areas and to developstrategies to overcome these problems, forexample in vocational training or in femalesenior secondary school drop-out. EC



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respects the situation is not yet satisfactory,for example in respect of income disparities,unemployment, under-representation ofwomen in Parliament, and violence againstwomen. In the education sector, genderissues have been directly addressed inprogramme design, have been monitored,and are the subject of discussions duringsector policy dialogue. Key problems in thissector are under-representation of femalestudents in TVET and increased female drop-out, but in both areas clear positiveachievements are reported.

The situation in other programmes is less welldocumented and objectives and achieve-ments are less clear.

Environmental issues and problems are alsoreflected in planning documents (althoughmostly in passing), and no indications havebeen found of specific activities in this regard.

All NIP/CSP highlight problems concerningthe environment, for example degradation ofrangeland pastures, depletion of waterresources, depletion of forest resources, andpressure on wildlife, pollution and waste.Under the initial planning of EDF9, thisdescription did not lead to identification ofactivities. It is CSP10 that introducesmainstreaming of CCI including environment.Environmental issues can be addressedunder the TCF as an outcome of policydialogue. The CSP10 also indicates that littleuse is made of environmental economicinstruments (tariff study, user charges, taxes,etc.) in policy-making.

Environment as a cross-cutting issue features

violence financed from the gender budgetline.

Under the MPP, only one project out of 30directly addressed women’s needs, but it isquite probable that women profited fromagricultural, water, health and educationprojects and from creation of stores andmarkets, maybe even from a crafts project.

From the environmental budget line, supportwas given to the Harry OppenheimerFoundation Okavango Research Centre(HOORC). HOORC received state-of-the-artequipment for its research. The ECcontribution will also assist the Government’sBIOKAVANGO project. Implemented byHOORC, this is focused on protecting thelong-term biological diversity of Botswana’swetlands to benefit communities and localgovernment projects in Ngamiland. Thesupport is highly efficient and visible.

In Selebi Phikwe, environmental problemscaused by mining activities are being studied(for example by way of assessments preparedby the HOORC) but have not yet beenaddressed; Action is relatively urgent asemission rates are far above Europeanstandards.

The Francistown VTC has been constructed inan energy-friendly way, and the MPP includedthree environmental local projects (albeit withno information about the outcomes).

The MPP included one project onenvironmental education and two onCommunity-based NRM, but no reports ontheir impact are available.

documents also mention gender disparities inincome and representation in politicalinstitutions. On the other hand, a monitoringreport mentions that “impressive progresstowards achieving greater gender equality hasbeen underlined, among other things, in thelatest 2003 UN Human Development Report,in which Botswana was ranked sixteenth inthe world (alongside Canada and Estonia) interms of “females serving as legislators,senior officials and managers” (35% in 2002).In the same report Botswana is mentionedamong the rather few countries wherefemales are now actually in the majority in thecombined category of professional andtechnical employment (52%)”.

The EC’s poverty focus includes payingspecial attention to women more affected bypoverty. The question is whether attention indocuments leads on to practical outcomes inall programmes. CSP10 indicates that there isneed to improve the system of monitoringgender-related developments (with a selectionof relevant indicators). Also capacity-buildingis mentioned as a possible component instrengthening of mainstreaming activities.

In the area of environmental issues, some(smaller) effects have been mentioned above(JC 1 and 2).



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as part of the approach of the project“Strengthening the Capacity for CommunityDevelopment in the Ministry of LocalGovernment and Councils” (9 ACP BT 6).However, the MoLG project addressesenvironmental issues only to the extent thatthey relate to poverty reduction.

Several construction projects have hadimplications for cross-cutting issues such asenvironment and gender (in terms both oftheir design and of their effects).

Since the CSP of EDF9, mainstreaming ofseveral CCI is a prominent topic. The scopeof CCI is even being widened for EDF10 toinclude human rights in future. CSP10indicates that the mainstreaming approachwill be strengthened for four cross-cuttingissues: gender equality; environmentalsustainability; the fight against HIV/AIDS; anddemocracy, good governance, human rights,and the rights of children and indigenouspeoples. The formulation of indicators hasbeen announced. The promotion of cross-cutting issues will be either direct or indirect,through support for relevant advocacy groupsand NGOs and in policy dialogue.

The policy dialogue on good governance(including some public sector reform activities,see under 2.3.1) and the support given haveboth been highly relevant, much appreciatedand in general efficiently delivered. Thesupport given to the revenue authority haswithout much doubt contributed to increasedrevenues and reduced the dependence onmining revenues. This, all other factors beingequal, has contributed to GoB being able tospend more on public services and povertyreduction measures. Naturally the good resultsof the tax authorities’ work cannot be directlyattributed to the support, but it is probable thatit has been an important contributory factor.The support to public financial managementthrough support to procurement and the PEFAassessment will eventually have an effect onthe efficiency of the expenditures that isreduced costs for supplying a given quantity ofservices. The procurement support mayalready have had some impact, while thePEFA is recent and needs to be followed upwith substantive measures to improve PFM.Support to the public procurement office hasprimarily included one LT expert who hasreviewed the procurement system andestablished a procurement manual and anational training plan. The support has beenhighly appreciated and some improvements inprocedures, time consumption and number oflitigation cases are reported. The support to theanti-corruption authority and the court systemwill eventually have an impact on the rule oflaw and the efficiency of public expenditures,as corruption can be expected to be curbed.The support is judged to be highly relevant andproductive, giving rise to better knowledge of



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the problems and possible solutions andrecommendations for change in a number ofprocedures. Improvements should materialiseover the next 3-4 years, but already fewerreports on corruption cases are now beingreceived.

The policy dialogue under EDF10 isundertaken on the basis of a governanceprofile using an EC format covering politicalgovernance, corruption, effectiveness,economic governance, and social governanceamong other subjects. Under EDFs 8 and 9this dialogue was more limited. The dialogue istoday centred on 22 government commitmentsunder the EDF10 agreement. The governmentappreciates the dialogue with the EC as,according to statements made in interviewswith the evaluation mission, it helps it to seewhere the country stands in relation tointernational standards. The government doesnot consider the dialogue as an intrusion ininternal affairs.

Indicator(s) 1.1 Documents and planning matricesmention CCI

2.1 No. of Gender programmes and theirreported effects

3.1 General figures (key indicators) ongender equity, environment

Gender: NIP 8, p. 3: “particular attention togender equality within priority sectors”

Objective TVET: increased access forwomen

Objective MPP: balancing of gender relatedinequalities

Gender CSP 9: NSA programme shallinclude support to NGOs active in the fieldof women’s rights

Gender CSP 9, annex 3 on sustainabilityissues states progress in recent years, but

A visit to Maun based programme of theNGO WAR confirmed low implementationcapacity and comments of members statedthat it is too early to talk about impacts

Actually three programmes:

“Silence is violence” implemented byWomen against Rape (approx. € 0.4million), implementation started in 2007

EAMR I/09: achievement: mobilisation toengage men and boys in activism toprevent violence against women; students

No new information from field visit

MTR, p. 4: Impressive progress towardsachieving greater gender equality has beenunderlined, among other things, in the latest2003 UN Human Development Report, inwhich Botswana was ranked sixteenth inthe world (alongside Canada and Estonia)in terms of “females serving as legislators,senior officials and managers” (35% in2002). In the same report Botswana ismentioned among the rather few countrieswhere females are now actually in the



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still problems in areas like incomedisparities, disparities in vocational training(CSP 10 says 40%) and tertiary education(annex 4 says 48%), women to be moreaffected by HIV/AIDS and domesticviolence. The necessity for action is mainlyseen at national level and SADC hasestablished a dedicated unit.

Environment CSP 9, annex 3: Problemslisted: Degradation of rangeland pastures,depletion of water resources, depletion offorest resources, pressure on wildlife,pollution and waste. Tendency: increasing,leading to more severe degradation (goatsinstead of cattle) and finally to an increaseof rural poverty.

Gender, CSP 10: Summary mentions theneed to integrate women in thedevelopment process (p.3); p. 7 states highachievements in gender equality; Botswanadid not meet the SADC objective of 30%female participation in decision making by2005 (7% elected MPs, 11% of all MPs)

p. 5: The mainstreaming approach will bestrengthened for four cross-cutting issues:democracy, good governance, human rights,the rights of children and indigenouspeoples; gender equality; environmentalsustainability; and the fight againstHIV/AIDS.

Environment, CSP 10: Chapter on Environ-mental situation, pp. 17-19, describingmajor problems, including negative impactof mining in Selebi Pigwe (sulphur dioxideemissions) as well as GoB policy measures

Little use of Environmental EconomicInstruments (tariff study, user charges,

against rape clubs formed; startingengaging in dialogue with policy makers.

EAMR I/09: Gender based violence, NGOco-financing (ONG-PVD/2007/134-813)(€530,336); impact: premature

No information available about the regionalproject on Women empowerment-strategies for strengthening women'saccess and influence in socio-economicstructure and policy in Botswana,Mozambique, Namibia & Zimbabwe

MPP: Construction of women’s shelter; noreport about impact

majority in the combined category ofprofessional and technical employment(52%).

JAR 07, p.10: Girls represented 49.3% and51.9% of total enrolment at primary andsecondary levels respectively in 2004, and49.9% across all levels.

Female headed households moredisadvantaged, more concerned by poverty

Conflict between livestock production andconservation of natural resources, and inparticular wildlife still continues (issue offences)



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taxes, etc.)

CSP 10, p. 29: Cross-cutting issues suchas HIV/AIDS, gender, environment andhuman rights will be mainstreamed into thefocal area through the selection of relevantindicators.

Annex 6: Government gender policiespresented on several pages

Mainstreaming of all cross-cutting issues,democracy, good governance, human rightsand equity (including gender, children andminorities), HIV and environment. Theselection of relevant performance indicatorswill also help to focus attention on thesecross-cutting issues. In particular, humanrights and equity, gender balance andwomen’s empowerment will continue to bepromoted through a number Partnerships inRTD, EIB financing, Community budget, EUWater, Energy, Infrastructure Facilities, etc.of approaches: political dialogue,mainstreaming and monitoring(strengthening in particular the production ofdisaggregated data) and/or specificinterventions, as required. The promotion ofcross-cutting issues will be either direct orindirect, through support to relevantadvocacy groups and NGOs. (repeated 3times in the following pages)

FA/NSA/annex 2: Mainstreamingmentioned on p.2; also FA, MoLG.

1.2 Gender questions and environmentalissues have been considered in programmeimplementation (components on gender orenvironment)

2.2 No. of environmentalactivities/programmes and their reportedeffects

3.2 Reports and stakeholders state progressin CCI areas in EC supported programmes

No evidence found during field mission No new information from field visits Stakeholder could not give any examples



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CSP 9, annex 3: Problem analysis onpoverty: female headed households moredisadvantaged

MTR, p.7: The currently implemented“Wildlife Conservation and ManagementProgramme” (with EC support of € 14million from EDF 8, out of a total of € 22million) includes a window (€ 1 million) forsupporting local community (includingethnic minorities) capacity building andsustainable use of natural resources invarious protected and adjacent areas.Substantial efforts were directed, during thelaunch of the Programme, into thedevelopment of an appropriate strategy,eligibility criteria and implementationguidelines, in order to maximise the resultsof this window.

Environment (ENV/199/054-131)(€1,509,600): - Harry OppenheimerOkavango Research Centre throughKalahari Conservation Society; impact: Theequipment will continue to benefit HOORCand contribute to further development of thecentre. HOORC enjoys internationalrecognition and a growing number ofcollaborative arrangements with externalstakeholders.

SYSMIN, Selebi Phigwe: Additionalenvironmental studies were launched (acc.to recommendations of MTR)

Part of the objectives of SYSMIN:Rehabilitate the environmental damageresulting from mining options

Buildings of Francistown VTC are designedand constructed as energy efficient

MPP: One project on environmentaleducation; two projects on Communitybased NRM; no report about impacts

during field mission

Gender: No information found

Environment: Awareness has grown; someimpacts are reported

Conflict between livestock production andconservation of natural resources, and inparticular wildlife still continues (issue offences)

MTR announces: Discussions are ongoingon EDF support for a study to look into astrategy for sustainable livestockdevelopment and interaction with orimplications for other sectors, includingnatural resources.

1.3 CCI and results are regularly monitoredand mentioned in monitoring reports

2.3 No. of programmes addressinggovernance and their reported effects

Delegation monitors CCI

CSP 10, p. 8: There is also the need toimprove the system of monitoring gender-related developments.

The selection of relevant performanceindicators will also help to focus attentionon these cross-cutting issues.

EAMR I/09, pp. 11-12

MTR, 2003: p.4: Gender and Environment;capacity building for implementation ofenvironmental policies and plans could beenvisaged, EC would be prepared to

Funding for the tax area has included severalinterventions over a number of yearsincluding support to establishment of theVAT, support to the establishment of theunified customs and tax authority and otherminor interventions. In the initial programmethere was some delay in bringing in the TAbut the support has been highly appreciatedand very relevant. Tax revenues haveincreased from 20 to 25.7% of GDP from2003/4 to 2007/8 (estimate), and Nonmineral revenues are now nearly as high asMineral revenues (48 against 52%). Naturally



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consider support if required the good results of the tax authorities’ workcannot be directly attributed to the support,but it is probable that it has been animportant contributing factor.

Support to the public procurement office hasprimarily included one LT expert who hasreviewed the procurement system andestablished a procurement manual and anational training plan. The support has beenhighly appreciated and some improvementsin procedures, time consumption and numberof litigation are reported. The authorities feelthat there is need for further support.

Support to the anti corruption authorityincluded support with an anti corruptionexpert and support to a corruption survey.The support is characterized as highlyrelevant and productive giving rise to betterknowledge of the problems and possiblesolutions and recommendations for changein a number of procedures. Improvementsshould materialize over the next 3-4 years,but actually already now less reports oncorruption cases is being received. Thesupport was seen as of high standard,efficient and with very little transaction costs.

CSP 10, annex 8: A list of GovernmentCommitments with 23 commitments hasbeen negotiated; activities (mainly studies)are financed either from the TCF or fromSBS.

Report on Country seminar in Brussels,September / October 2008: The Governmentmade good progress on the GovernancePlan (adopted as annex 8 of CSP 10).Botswana fulfilled 7 out of 23 commitments.

Support relevant in this are has further



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been given to the high court and to a PEFAassessment, both highly relevantinterventions. The PEFA provides the GOBand donors with benchmarks for the qualityof financial management in a large numberof areas, which serves for designing animprovement program for PFM



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EQ 8: To what extent are the achievements of the programmes and projects of the EC-support strategy likely to be sustainable?

Answer tothe EQ

The likeliness of sustainability of the programme outcomes is positive. Many EC supported programmes are closely related to nationalobjectives and programmes outlined in the National Development Programmes. Some of the programmes are even co-financed by bothpartners (training centres). These are good pre-conditions for sustainability. In the case of MPP, sustainability is sought through increasedcapacity-building in intermediary organisations. Target group participation has been an increasing imperative over the last few years in EC-supported programmes, thus increasing the likelihood of sustainability. The issue of participation is regularly monitored.

The success of the EC strategy also depends on factors such the overall GDP growth rate, the influence of HIV-AIDS, population growth andimmigration of refugees from Zimbabwe. In particular:

Growth rates depend mainly on export of minerals (copper, nickel, and diamonds). Growth rates have been lower than expected duringrecent years which saw a downturn in the world market prices of some of the traded commodities.

Sustainability may also be affected by the relatively slow pace of diversification. The effects of the dependency on diamonds may becomefully visible when growth induced from diamond exports begins to fall.

HIV/AIDS also continues to affect development. The significant number of newly-infected people is leading to an increase in the costs ofanti-retroviral treatments (so far covered to a great extent by international donations).

The impact of a rather moderate population growth rate seems not to be a major threat to sustainability of achievements.

The arrival of refugees from Zimbabwe may facilitate the spread of diseases across borders (cholera) and may give rise to additional costsfor Botswana (no detailed information available). It is reported that livestock diseases are spreading over the “green” border. This hasalready led to vaccinations of cattle in some areas near the border. A consequence is that a zone (Selebi-Phikwe) that formerly exportedbeef to the EU is now downgraded to a red zone, which means that meat from this zone may no longer be exported to Europe. New fenceshave been (or will be) erected to cope with the situation.


1. EC Contributions (e.g.: outputs / outcomes of EC projects) aretaken up by development partners and are utilised in subsequent(economic) development activities.

2. The assumptions from the intervention logic (macro-economicstability, GDP-growth rates, influence of HIV and populationgrowth, also refugees from Zimbabwe) did not negatively affectsustainability of the results and impacts of the cooperation strategy

Answer tothe JC

Several EC-supported programmes are initiatives of, or co-financedby, GoB (mainly in education, but also in the area of governance). Co-financing in most cases means that sustainability is guaranteed fromthe very beginning. This applies to the construction works in thetraining sector.

In the design of all strategies and programmes the issue ofparticipation and ownership as a factor of sustainability is increasinglybeing considered as a result of earlier experiences in which lack of

The assumptions on which the EC’s cooperation strategy will achieveits objectives have not dramatically changed since the strategy wasformulated, except for the fact that GDP growth rates are down fromapproximately 9% to 5% and the fact that the number of Zimbabweanrefugees and the impact from the crisis in the neighbouring countryhas increased. Some sustainability factors have even been slightlyimproving for a while (for example HIV/AIDS).

The rate of growth of Botswana’s economy depends heavily on world



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participation led to low levels of sustainability. Annex 3 of CSP9presented a list of sustainability issues, namely good governance,political stability, and economic performance, grouped under sixthemes: poverty issues, HIV/AIDS, maintenance of rapid economicgrowth, economic empowerment of citizens, gender issues, andenvironmental issues. Sustainability is constantly being monitored inthe annual reports, and exit strategies are required in projects inwhich sustainability is less than fully assured.

The approach of the MPP was supposed to be pursued and sustainedthrough the follow-up programmes of support to NSAs and the MoLG.Training was planned to help increase the capacity of theseorganisations to continue the community development activities of theMPP. Currently support for NSA is provided by a PIU, which is out ofline with the orientations of the Paris Declaration. No exit strategy hasbeen proposed. Due to a weak concept and the weak ability of NGOsto retain their staff, the expected effect on sustainability of communitysupport through local organisations (MLG, NSA) is at risk.

market prices of its mineral products (and to some extent on the beefprice). This shows up in the fluctuations in GDP growth rates overrecent years and will also show up in the next few years with thelikelihood of a major downturn. Directly dependent on growth rates isthe scope for diversifying the economy and thus for creatingemployment. The slow pace of diversification may lead to a situationin which investments in the education and training sector cannotproduce the expected results. This would create another threat tosustainability.

Indicator(s) 1.1 Degree of development partners’ participation in all planning andimplementation steps and successful capacity building measures

2.1 Figures on macro-economic stability, growth rates, influence ofHIV and population growth, refugees, effects mentioned in reports

Partners confirm their active participation during field mission

MPP-Decision: Lack of community participation named as reasonfor poor results under MPP 1 and 2 (leading to low sustainability);MPP3 wants to assure full participation

MPP3: Current arrangement is not sustainable (central MPPcoordination unit)

Under EDF 9, MoLG prepares training programmes (with supportfrom EC) for Local Governments to continue / improve MPP (byusing small fund from EC and own funds)

Also, NSA will be trained (with support from EC) in MPPidentification and implementation; no project implemented by now,training to start in 03/2009

CSP 10, p. 22: “Natural resources utilisation and conservationprogrammes yielded limited results and low sustainability” since“community mobilisation and development has been missing.

CSP 10, p. 22: High demand for MPP from communities and NGOs,but sustainability needed to be strengthened and monitored

No new information from field visits

GDP growth rates of about 5% from 2001 to 2007 with somefluctuation

Stable economic growth rates and poverty issues are also seen asdepending from the central theme of diversification. There is littleevidence for a real diversification so far.

CSP 10, p. 3: Growth in sectors as financial services, tourism andmanufacturing.

p. 9: Growth in 2004/2005 in the mining sector (+18.2), butcontraction in trade/hospitality (-6.9) and manufacturing (-2.6)

p. 10: Diversification remains critical; p. 12: the non-mining sectorregistered growth of 0.2% in 2004/2005; p. 16: Foreign DirectInvestment fails to show any consistent increasing trend.

JAR 07, p.6: Real GDP growth has averaged 4.5% for the past fouryears, a solid performance, but below the expectations of the NDP 9

SPSP, MoU: Stable macro-economic environment as a pre-requisite



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Support to tax reform and introduction of VAT: VAT brings additionalincome for the Government budget and leads to sustainable income

Capacity building for NSA in order to increase their participation is asustainability factor; but using a PIU instead of implementingthrough existing umbrella organisations (like BOCONGO) mayaffect sustainability

Same applies to MoLG support: No integration into CommunityProjects Programme (LG 1109), but support o reformulation;

for each tranche of SBS “to be confirmed through a positiveoutcome of the article IV consultation of the IMF in the last reportavailable”

HIV/AIDS situation has improved slightly (see EQ6)

Population growth rate is of 1.3% which seems not a major threat

A large number of migrants from Zimbabwe live in Botswana, manyof them residing illegally. Very few are accepted by the Botswanagovernment as eligible for refugee status. Since 2005, over 175,000Zimbabweans have been repatriated. The government has built aseries of electric fences along the border, at least in part, to determigrants.

No detailed information available from documents about the actualrefugee situation



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EQ 9: To what extent has the Commission’s support to Botswana been coordinated with those of other donors and how coherent andcomplementary has it been to other policies and actions of the European Commission and other donors, and how has it added valueto the support offered by EU Member States?

Answer tothe EQ

Complementarity with other donors’ activities, coordination, and value added to the programmes of EC Member States are not major issues inBotswana, since the EC is more or less the only donor left in sectors outside HIV/AIDS. But with the return of the Development Banks there willbe more room and even more need for donor coordination. EC is actively coordinating with the World Bank and is supporting GoB inincreasing its role in donor coordination (according to the guiding principles of the Paris Declaration). The main value added to activities of theMS is the ongoing presence of the EC as a dialogue partner. Dialogue is highly appreciated by GoB and it seems that even more is needed.

Since the main EC support goes to the education sector (80%), the other 20% being attributable to support for community development (NSAand MoLG), coherence with EC non-aid policies is also not a major issue, with the exception of the European veterinary regulations on beefexports destined for the EU.


1. EC-activities are coherent withand complementary toactivities of other donors

2. The country strategy forBotswana is in line with majorEU non-aid policies

3. Added value of EC-activitiesin relation to Europeanbilateral cooperation is visible

4. Mechanisms of coordinationare set in place and areoperational

Answer tothe JC

As there are a limited number ofother donors left in Botswanawho are running comparativelysmall programmes in sectors thatare partly different from thoseaddressed by the EC,complementarity with theseprogrammes is not a real issue.Nevertheless, all other donorsconfirm in questionnaires (seeannex 9) that complementarityexists and even talk of alignmentof activities (World Bank).

Most of these have a focus onHIV/AIDS. The EC has over theyears observed the strategies ofthe other donors in the sector anddefined its own approachaccordingly.

The EC seeks to team up withother donors, mainly the WB, toidentify a general strategy and to

In general the Commissions’support to Botswana has beenfully coherent with andcomplementary to other ECpolicies and actions.

The only “conflict” may be seen inthe area of EC veterinaryregulations that limit beef exportsfrom Botswana to the EU. TheEC tries to support Botswana(and the other SADC-countries)in applying EU veterinarystandards in the cattle sector.With regard to coherence of ECaid and non-aid policies,concerns have been expressedabout the coherence of the EU’sagricultural and consumer healthpolicies with its developmentcooperation in Botswana (thebeef protocol allows 18,900 tons,but the EU health regulations

There is a limited presence ofEuropean bilateral cooperationagencies in Botswana.

German GTZ was supportingBOTA until 2005. Currently theGerman DED is providing supportfor management and teaching inFrancistown Technical College.The College was constructed withEC funds. Sweden, the UK andFrance have minor programmes,only the Swedish support forHIV/AIDS and British support forgovernance issues being close toEC activities. Both Swedish SIDAand DFID confirm that ECactivities are adding value to theiractivities (for example in HIV-AIDS).

The main EC value added consistsin its continued presence andpolicy dialogue with GoB based on

There are not very many donorsleft in Botswana. Of the few thatare running programmes inBotswana, some have located orrelocated their offices in Pretoria.This may not be conducive toestablishing regular mechanisms.The World Bank, Swedish SIDAand DFID confirm having informalcoordination with EC on a non-regular basis (only WB talks ofregular contacts, which explainsthe close cooperation in thedefinition of BNAPS). DFID talksof coordination at policy level andappreciates the support of the ECfor SADC.

In the area of HIV/AIDS, theDelegation participated veryactively in the definition of theWB support strategy anddevelopment partners intend to



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coordinate activities (includingmainstreaming and workplaceprogrammes). The BotswanaNational HIV/AIDS Preventionsupport Response Project(BNAPS, $50m), which focuseson prevention is the first IBRD“buy down” transaction in Africamade in collaboration with theEC. This project enabled GoB toborrow, for global public good, onnear “concessional terms”through an innovative design thatallowed the EC effectively tofinance the interest payments ofthe IBRD loan (roughly $20mover 4 years) against agreedtargets and outcomes.

lead to non-achievement of thequota): this may lead toconcentration into larger andfewer production units! EPA mayeven accelerate this tendencywith possible negative effects onrural livelihoods and the fightagainst poverty in Botswana.

the Cotonou Agreement. The ECthus has the possibility ofaddressing many issues, includingpoverty, that otherwise would notbe addressed from a Europeanpoint of view. Many examples fromthe field visit seem to prove thatGoB appreciates the dialogue witha partner like the EC and it evensometimes seems that thewithdrawal of many donors has ledto a situation where Botswanabecomes disconnected from someinternational trends ordevelopments (for example thevalue of educational sectorplanning, which has been an issuein the dialogue between NationalGovernments and their Financialand Technical partners).

Although further accompanyingthe country in its developmentefforts may not be in itself a'value added', any support tostable development of Botswanais of common interest, given thecountry’s role as a developmentpole within SADC, hosting as itdoes the SADC secretariat.Accordingly, British DFID greatlyappreciates the role of the EC inthe support to SADC as it is theirmain partner. The same appliesto Germany that also hascooperation links with SADC.

establish regular meetings in aPartnership Forum.

EU Member States participatedat the official opening of theFCTVE and in an EDMS projecttour organised by the Delegation.The Delegation also presentedthe EDF10 at the annual meetingof the German DevelopmentService, met several times withSwedish representatives whowere preparing a new private-sector-driven programme withBotswana, and participated in theUK exhibition on climate change.

The EC is actively seeking topromote dialogue structures, forexample to re-establish the donorforum, develop a donor databaseand improve donor coordination.The donor database on whichwork was expected to be under-taken in 2008 was postponed to2009 because of confusionbetween Ministries (ForeignAffairs and Finance) and donorsinvolved with the database.Formal donor co-ordination bythe Government started with onedevelopment partner forum heldin September 2007, with ECsupport. But another report statesthat the commitment of theMinistry to coordinating donorsupport remains weak, although itmay be growing.



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Meanwhile, the EC is alreadyactively participating in theplanning procedures of otherdonors and invites them toparticipate in its own planningexercises (for example planningworkshops under CSP 9 and 10).As regards programme designthere were extensive interactionswith the World Bank during thefirst semester of 2008. In thespirit of the Paris Declaration,project preparation was aligned,and the Delegation recruited anexpert who was integrated intothe Bank’s appraisal team. Thepurpose was to align the EC’spossible intervention with theGoB (NDP 10), with the Bank andwith other cooperation partnersactive in this sector. TheDelegation was also closelyassociated with the developmentof the UN DevelopmentAssistance Framework (UNDAF)for 2010-16.

There are several references indocuments to the fact that GoB isnot yet playing the key role indonor coordination. The EC andits Delegation are very active inpromoting general policy dialoguein regular meetings in donor foraand are asking GoB to take thedriving seat in donorcoordination. It was reported thatcrises make GoB more attentiveto the question of regular donor



Page 102

contacts.

CSP10 explains that the EU willpromote coordination,harmonisation, alignment and,furthermore, better donorcomplementarity by workingtowards joint multi-annualprogramming based on partnercountries’ strategies andprocesses, commonimplementation mechanisms,joint donor missions, and use ofco-financing arrangements (thelatter is a general statement onEC cooperation, not specific toBotswana).

Indicator(s) 1.1 Coherence andcomplementarity in planningdocuments and duringimplementation

2.1 No conflict of interests andobjectives with non-aid policies

3.1 Stakeholders confirm valueadded of EC-interventions

4.1 GoB plays a key role in donorcoordination

CSP 10, p. 5 states that EU willadvance coordination,harmonisation and alignmentand wants to promote betterdonor complementarity byworking towards joint multi-annual programming based onpartner countries’ strategiesand processes, commonimplementation mechanisms,joint donor wide missions, andthe use of co-financingarrangements (generalstatement for EC-cooperation;not specific to Botswana)

EAMR I/09, p.:3: With other

CSP 8, p. 14: Concerns havebeen expressed concerning thecoherence of the EU’s agricul-tural and consumer healthpolicies with its developmentcooperation in Botswana (beefprotocol allows 18,900 tons;health regulations of EU lead tonon-achievement of the quota):this may lead to concentrationinto larger and fewer productionunits! EPA may even accele-rate this tendency with possiblenegative effects on rurallivelihoods and the reduction ofpoverty in Botswana

Feedback from World Bank,DFID, and Sweden confirmvalue added (see annex 10)

EAMR I/09, p.3: With Botswanahaving graduated to middleincome status, the only MS tohave a cooperation programmeof any significance is Sweden,which is not representedlocally. Cooperation isnevertheless good with regularreports being made to Heads ofMission. EU MS participated atthe official opening of theFCTVE and in an EDMS projecttour organised by the

CSP 10, annex 8:Government commitments(with support from EC):

o To lead on improving thestructure of the dialogueand re-establish the donorforum

o To elaborate a donor database and improve donorcoordination

EAMR I/09, p.3: Developmentpartner forum meetings wereorganised by the MFDP end ofJune and early December. Thecommitment of the Ministry to



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cooperation partners the maintheme of interaction was on HIVand AIDS and PFM in particularwith the World Bank and thepreparation of the UN Develop-ment Assistance Framework2010-16 in Botswana.

2 studies duplicated by UN(Sector Skills Need Assess-ment for TVET; rescheduled for2009 (due to lack ofcoordination)

MTR: Given the small volume ofexternal assistance currentlyflowing to Botswana, needs incoordinating donor interventionsand ensuring their complemen-tarity are not real issues

CSP 10, p.3: Policy coherencefor development will advance ina number of areas. The aim isthat all EU non-aid policiesshould make a positive contri-bution to developing countries’efforts to attain the MDGs.

p.26: It is important that tradedistortions be avoided in termsof EU support to its agriculture

p. 29: An analysis of theconsistency between aid andnon-aid policies does not revealany major problem.

Delegation. The Delegationalso presented the 10

thEDF at

the annual meeting of theGerman Development Service,met several times withrepresentatives from Swedenwho were preparing a newprivate sector drivenprogramme with Botswana andparticipated in the UK exhibitionon climate change.

coordinate donor supporteffectively remains weak but itmay be growing.

EAMR I/09: The donordatabase which was expectedto be undertaken in 2008 waspostponed to 2009 because ofconfusion between Ministries(Foreign Affairs and Finance)and Donors involved in thedatabase.

2 studies duplicated by UN(Sector Skills NeedAssessment for TVET?;rescheduled for 2009 (due toGovernment’s lack ofcoordination capacity)

1.2 Stakeholders confirmcoherence and complementarity(e.g. in the sector of VET)

4.2 Participation in planningprocedures of each other

See annex 10 See annex 10

Other donors have been invitedfor planning workshops ofCSP9.

Most donors phased out theirbilateral cooperationprogrammes and concentrateon regional cooperation withSADC. The scope for formaldonor coordination is thereforelimited.

The remaining donors concen-trate in HIV/AIDS; EC is there-fore not intervening in HIV/AIDS(except for mainstreaming in the



Page 104

education sector)

The only donor in TVET isGermany (DED)

CSP 10, p. 27: Given the lowvolume of external assistanceto Botswana, many issuesrelated to harmonisation andcoordination are not relevant forthe country.

EAMR I/09: Concerningprogramme design, there wereextensive interactions with theWorld Bank during the 1

st

semester 08. In the spirit of theParis Declaration projectpreparation was aligned andthe Delegation recruited anexpert who was integrated inthe Bank’s appraisal team. Thepurpose was to align theCommission’s possibleintervention with the GoB (NDP10), the Bank and othercooperation partners active inthis sector.

The Delegation was alsoclosely associated with thedevelopment of the UNDevelopment AssistanceFramework 2010-16 (UNDAF)2010-16

4.3 Regularity of meetings

See annex 10

Monthly meetings within theEU-family (developmentcooperation is on the agenda)



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UNDP plays a role inemergency situations?

Ad-hoc coordination withUSAID

UNDP: “There is no donorcoordination”

Remaining donors areoperating from Pretoria

Formal donor co-ordination bythe Government started withone development partner forumheld in September 07 withCommission support.

In the focal sector, meetingsare not necessary since ECsole donor; necessity is seen inthe area of HIV/AIDS



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ANNEX 5 INVENTORY OF EC-PROJECTS/PROGRAMMES IN BOTSWANA30

Note: Projects in bold have been selected for detailed case study. See project fiches in Annex 12.

Human Resource Development

30 Data have been actualized during the Field mission and thus represent the status as per June 12, 2009. Projects for which no actual data was available are marked with an asterisk (*). For theseeight projects/programmes (only regional projects and Budget Line projects), the financial status is as per December 31, 2008.

DURATION FINANCES (EURO)

Name of Project/ Programme Reference EDF/ BL

Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended

Closing

Actual

closing ALLOCATED CONTRACTED PAID

FRANCISTOWN CTVE/VTC VOCATIONAL

TRAINING PROGRAMME 8 ACP BT3 01.10.2000 01.10.2000 30.09.2004 ongoing 15,000,000 14,988,571 14,465,709

AUGMENTATION OF GABORONE TECHNICAL

COLLEGE AND AUTOMOTIVE TRADES

TECHNICAL COLLEGE 8 ACP BT14 01.09.2003 01.09.2003 31.08.2009 ongoing 3,880,000 3,717,469 2,570,929

EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR POLICY

SUPPORT PROGRAMME (ETSPSP)

9 ACP BT4

9 ACP BT5 30.11.2005 01.02.2006 31.12.2011 ongoing 51,408,000 51,183,770 40,577,815

TOTAL 70,288,000 69,889,810 57,614,453



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Natural Resources Management (and Tourism)



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended

Closing Actual closing ALLOCATED CONTRACTED PAID

COMMUNITY FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT 8 ACP BT2 01.12.1999 01.06.2000 31.05.2003 13.01.2006 924,294 924,294 924,294

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

PROGRAMME 8 ACP BT10 30.06.2002 30.06.2002 31.12.2007 ongoing 11,323,770 11,323,770 11,323,770

SADC LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT APPLIED

RESEARCH PROGRAM 8 ACP RAU18 01.05.2003 01.05.2003 30.06.2009 ongoing 4,100,000 3,745,673 3,304,412

A.T. - LAND AND WATER MANAGEMENT

PROGRAMME PHASE II 8 ACP RAU19 01.06.2002 01.06.2002 2003 July 2003 76,285 76,285 76,285

Macroeconomic Reforms and Sustainable

Development in Southern Africa ENV/1997/ 003-739 01.08.1997 01.12.1997 30.06.2001 31.08.2004 461,016 461,016 461,016

Regional Biomass Energy Conservation Programme

for Southern Africa ENV/1997/ 054-315 01.12.1997 01.01.1998 31.05.2002 09.10.2003 1,590,244 1,590,244 1,590,244

Management of Miombo Woodlands ENV/1997/ 054-316 01.06.1997 01.10.1997 31.03.2002 01.04.2004 1,295,592 1,295,592 1,295,592

Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre ENV/1998/ 054-131 01.04.2000 01.09.2000 31.05.2008 08.12.2008 1,439,716 1,439,716 1,439,716

Community based woodland resources management

and improvement in Serowe District - Botswana ENV/1998/ 054-290 01.12.1998 01.12.1998 30.04.2002 12.02.2004 537,390 537,390 537,390

Conservation and Development Opportunities from the

Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity in the

Communal Lands of Southern Africa ENV/1998/ 060-517 01.03.2001 01.11.2001 01.02.2005 16.09.2008 963,333 963,333 963,333

IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION OF

AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN

THE SADC REGION (ICART) 9 ACP SAD1 2004 01.04.2006 31.12.2012 ongoing 10,200,000 9,288,335 5,435,956Implementation and Coordination of Agricultural

Research and Training in the SADC Region -

Complementary Phase - ICART 2 9 ACP SAD16 2007 2007 31.12.2012 ongoing 3,700,000 2,175,400 637,160

PROMOTION OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN

THE SADC LIVESTOCK SECT OR - PRINT 9 ACP SAD2 2006 01.06.2005 31.12.2011 ongoing 7,900,000 7,571,021 5,428,385

SADC Foot and Mouth Disease Project 9 ACP SAD10 23.06.2006 01.04.2007 31.12.2013 ongoing 12,600,000 4,374,418 2,002,890African Transboundary River Basin Support

Programme- Orange-Senqu basin 9ACP RPR53 01.03.2008 01.03.2008 31.12.2013 ongoing 2,500,000 1,899,227 354,729

SUBRAP: Scaling Up Benefits for Rural Area People* ENV/2004/081-644 31.12.2004 31.12.2004 31.12.2009 ongoing 2,499,999 2,499,999 2,249,995

TOTAL 62,111,639 50,165,713 38,025,167



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Regional Integration, Trade, Foreign Investment, and Private Sector Development (including SYSMIN)



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended


SADC EU MINING FORUM (MINES 1999) * 8 ACP RAU4 01.09.1999 01.06.1999 12 2003 ongoing 1,950,000 1,889,582 1,864,354

ESIPP: EU-SADC INVESTMENT PROMOTION

PROGRAMME * 8 ACP RAU10 01.01.2001 01.10.2000 01.06.2008 ongoing 14,000,000 12,564,753 10,301,849

APPRAISAL OF BOTSWANA'S REQUEST FOR

FURTHER ASSISTANCE UNDER THE SYSMIN

PROVISIONS OF THE LOME IV CONVENTION 8 ACP BT7 2000 12 2000 2003 08.04.2003 108,091 108,091 108,091

ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION OF THE MINING

SECTOR 8 ACP BT13 31.12.2004 31.12.2004 31.12.2009 ongoing 30,000,000 29,285,169 27,427,634

SUPPORT TO THE SADC REGIONAL

INTEGRATION AND THE MULTILATERA L

TRADING SYSTEM 9 ACP SAD4 2004 03.06.2004 31.12.2009 ongoing 1,090,000 1,090,000 959,800

ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (EPA)

SUPPORT FACILITY 9 ACP SAD6 11.08.2005 01.05.2006 2016 ongoing 6,500,000 5,982,240 5,060,674

SUPPORT TO SADC MEMBER STATES IN

STANDARDIZATION, QUALITY ASSURANCE,

ACCREDITATION AND METROLOGY (SQAM) 9 ACP SAD7 2006 01.11.2007 03 2013 ongoing 14,200,000 12,219,096 3,120,024

SUPPORT TO SADC MEMBER STATES ON

CUSTOMS MODERNISATION AND TRADE

FACILITATION TOWARDS THE SADC CUSTOMS

UNION 9 ACP SAD9

Before

12.2008 01.09.2007 28.02.2013 ongoing 18,000,000 13,672,255 4,383,601

TOTAL 83,898,091 74,921,604 51,361,673



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Governance and Public Sector Reforms

Technical Cooperation Facility



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended


SADC REGIONAL STATISTICAL TRAINING

PROJECT 8 ACP RAU5 01.05.2000 26.03.2000 03.12.2005 ongoing 3,850,000 3,850,000 3,850,000

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE - VAT ADMINSTRATION

EXPERT 8 ACP BT11 01.02.2002 01.02.2009 24.06.2004 24.06.2004 91,434 91,434 91,434

GENERAL T.A. FOR SUPPORT TO TAX

ADMINISTRATION REFORM (BURS) 9 ACP BT2 01.04.2005 01.04.2005 31.12.2010 ongoing 600,502 533,507 533,507

TOTAL 4,541,936 4,474,941 4,474,941



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended


TECHNICAL COOPERATION FACILITY (TCF) 9 ACP BT3 2004 26.07.2004 31.10.2010 ongoing 1,385,000 1,384,049 1,374,611

Technical Cooperation Facility II (TCF II) 9 ACP BT8 01.04.2007 12.09.2007 31.12.2013 ongoing 2,500,000 1,934,725 970,797

TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION FACILITY (TCF) 9 ACP SAD5

Before

03/2008 01.07.2005 31.12.2010 ongoing 1,131,150 1,130,613 1,001,972

TOTAL 5,016,150 4,449,387 3,347,380



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HIV-AIDS (regional)

Cross-cutting Issues



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended


REGIONAL SUPPORT FOR AN EXPANDED

MULTISECTORAL RESPONSE TO HIV/AIDS IN

THE SADC REGION 8 ACP RAU14 01.09.2001 01.05.2001 30.06.2008 ongoing 3,114,000 2,855,260 2,746,182

THE REGIONAL HIV/AIDS AWARENESS AND

EDUCATION PROGRAMME (EPRD) SA/73200-00/32 01.03.2003 01.03.2003 28.02.2007 01.02.2007 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000THE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT INNOVATIVE

CONSORTIUM (HDIC) – A NETWORK OF ACP 9ACP RPR94 11.09.2009 08.07.2009 30.06.2015 ongoing 5,000,000 4,900,000 740,160

TOTAL 18,114,000 17,755,260 13,486,342



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended

Closing Actual closing ALLOCATED CONTRACTED PAIDWomen empowerment- strategies for strengthening

women's access and influence in socio-economic

structure and policy in Botswana, Moz, Namibia &

Zimbab

GENRE/2000/054-

451 01.11.2000 01.03.2001 30.11.2001 24.10.2003 65,742 65,742 65,742

WOMAN AGAINST RAPE: Silence is violence *

GENRE/2006/117-

222 01.05.2007 01.05.2007 31.05.2011 ongoing 371,145 371,145 151,791

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE-MAKING THE

INVISIBLE VISIBLE (skillshare) *

ONG-

PVD/2007/134-813 01.11.2007 01.05.2008 30.11.2010 ongoing 530,336 530,336 150,016

Environment: see NRM above

TOTAL 967,223 967,223 367,549



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Community Development (Micro-projects, Capacity Building MoLG and NSA)

Capacity Building for MoFDP, NAO, RAO



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended


3RD MICROPROJECTS PROGRAMME 8 ACP BT4 01.05.2000 01.05.2000 31.10.2004 ongoing 2,043,867 2,043,867 2,041,984

Strengthening the capacity for community

development in the Ministry of Local

Government and Councils 9 ACP BT 6 01.08.2009 21.08.2008 31.12.2011 ongoing 3,000,000 2,261,652 899,720

NON STATE ACTORS CAPACITY BUILDING 9 ACP BT 7 01.12.2006 22.12.2006 31.12.2011 ongoing 6,000,000 4,793,099 1,204,519

CAPACITY BUILDING FOR MARGINALISED

PEOPLE *

ONG-

PVD/2006/132-160 01.02.2007 01.04.2007 31.08.2009 ongoing 890,182 890,182 213,328

TOTAL 11,934,049 9,988,800 4,359,551



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended


STRENGTHENING OF GOVERNMENT CAPACITY

IN THE APPRAISAL AND IM PLEMENTATION OF

EU FUNDED PROGRAMMES 8 ACP BT1 01.01.1999 01.01.1999 2001 11.02.2002 361,015 361,015 361,015

ADVISER TO THE SECRETARY FOR FINANCIAL

AFFAIRS, MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING - BOTSWANA 8 ACP BT6 2000 01.11.2000 2004 13.10.2005 444,691 444,691 444,691

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO NAO'S OFFICE 8 ACP BT9 01.09.2001 30.09.2001 01.10.2005 12.10.2007 1,172,687 1,172,687 1,172,687

9 EDF PREPARATORY ACTIVITIES-SUPPORT TO

MIN OF FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT PLANNING 8 ACP BT12 01.12.2002 01.07.2003 31.07.2008 ongoing 1,011,017 1,011,017 1,011,017

SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT

COMMUNITY (SADC) REGIONAL INTEGRATION

AND CAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT 8 ACP RAU13 01.09.2001 01.07.2001 30.06.2009 ongoing 15,615,000 15,384,979 13,517,201

TOTAL 18,243,395 18,374,389 16,506,611



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Others



Intended

beginning

Actual

beginning

Intended


Francistown water supply (21942) 8 ACP BT15 14.02.2003 14.02.2003 31.12.2005 ongoing 2,100,000 2,100,000 1,295,240

REGIONAL FOOD SECURITY TRAINING

PROGRAMME

8 ACP RAU3; 9

ACP SAD3 01.01.2000 01.01.2000 31.12.2005 30.09.2006 4,522,048 4,522,048 4,522,048SADC REGIONAL DRUG CONTROL PROGRAMME

(SRDCP) * 8 ACP RAU9 01.03.2000 01.03.2000 28.02.2005 ongoing 1,520,000 1,482,953 1,482,862

FINALISATION OF THE SADC INTRA-REGIONAL

SKILLS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME 8 ACP RAU17 2000 01.10.2000 n/a 31.01.2004 56,516 56,516 56,516

Food safety - capacity building on residue control * 9 ACP SAD13 End 2007 01.03.2008 31.12.2014 ongoing 7,500,000 3,579,363 1,031,571

TOTAL 15,698,564 11,740,880 8,388,237



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ANNEX 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. EC Documents

Title Year Type of Document

External Assistance Management Report Botswana 1-09 2009 Report



IAS: Audit Report on the Financial Management of RegionalProjects in DG AIDCO

2008 Report

Seminar-Brief Botswana 2008 Working Paper

The EU - a global partner for developmentSpeeding up progress towards the Millennium DevelopmentGoals

2008 Communication

EC Programming Guidelines for Country Strategy Papers:Gender Equality

2008 Guidelines

Methodology for Evaluations of Budget Support Operations atCountry Level

2008 Guidelines

EU Report on Policy Coherence for Development 2007 Report

Communication from the Commission to the EuropeanParliament and the Council - Gender Equality and WomenEmpowerment in Development Cooperation

2007 Strategy Document

Seminar-Brief Botswana 2007 Working Paper

Evaluation SADC Report 2007 Evaluation

Evaluation GBS Synthesis 2006 Evaluation

EC Programming Guidelines for Country StrategyEvaluations: EDUCATION

2006 Guidelines

3Cs/Thematic Evaluation Trade Capacity Building 2006 Evaluation

EU Strategy for Africa: Towards a Euro-African pact toaccelerate Africa’s development


Paris declaration on Aid Effectiveness 2005 Strategy Document

Partnership Agreement ACP-EC (Cotonou Agreement,revised)


Gender Equality and Women Empowerment in DevelopmentCooperation (Annex)


The EU Consensus on Development 2005 Strategy Document

A European Programme for Action to Confront HIV/AIDS,Malaria and Tuberculosis through External Action (2007-2011)


Evaluation of the Education Sector of EC aid to ACPcountries Report

2002 Evaluation

Financial Cooperation Under the Lomé convention: Aidsituation at the end of 1996

1997 Report

Country / Regional Strategy Papers and Reviews

Draft Commission Decision on the Annual Action Programme2009

2009 Annual Programme



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RSP and RIP 2008-2013 (10th

EDF) 2008 Strategy Document

CSP and NIP 2008-2013 (10th EDF) 2007 Strategy Document

Addendum II to the CSP-NIP 2002-2007 2007 Strategy Document

Conclusions of the End-of-Term Review to the CSP-NIP2002-2007

2006 Review

Addendum to the RSP-RIP 2002-2007 2007 Strategy Document

Conclusions of the MTR to the CSP and NIP 2002-2007 2003 Review

RSP and RIP 2002-2007 (9th EDF) 2002 Strategy Document

CSP and NIP 2002-2007 (9th EDF) 2002 Strategy Document

NIP 1996-2001 (8th EDF) 1996 Strategy Document

Annual Reports

2008 Joint Annual Report 2009 Report






2002 Joint Report 2003 Report

1999-2001 Joint Report 2002 Report

1999 Annual Report 2000 Report




2. Botswana Governmental Documents


National Development Plan (NDP 10) (Draft) 2009 Strategy Document

Botswana Budget Speech 2009 Strategy Document

Mid Term Review of NDP 9 2005 Review

National Development Plan (NDP 9) 2002 Strategy Document

Vision 2016 1997 Strategy Document

3. Other Documents


WHO Country Cooperation Strategy Botswana 2003-2007 2007 Strategy Document

Global Monitoring Report: MDGs and the Environment 2008 Evaluation

UN DESA MDG: 2007 Progress Chart 2007 Report

OECD African Economic Outlook 2005-2006: Botswana 2006 Report



Page 115


Botswana Regional Human Development Report 2005:Harnessing Science and Technology for HumanDevelopment

2005 Report

UNDP Botswana Human Development Index (Statistics) 2005 Report

Environmental Analysis for RIP 2006 Evaluation

Botswana Regional Human Development Report 2000:Towards an Aids-free Generation

2000 Report

United Nation's Millennium Declaration 2000 Evaluation

SADC Regional Human Development Report 2000:Challenges and Opportunities for Regional Integration

2000 Evaluation

4. Sector Specific Documents



Realising Our Potentials; National Human ResourceDevelopment Strategy


Inception Study to refine TOR for the ‘Review of a NationalApprenticeship and Trade Testing Schemes andDevelopment of Training Standards, AssessmentInstruments, Moderation Strategies and Programmes’project.

2008 Inception Study

Formulation Study to Develop a National Human ResourceDevelopment Strategy for Botswana

2008 Report

Mid-Term Review of the 8th EDF Support to Technical andVocational Education and Training in Botswana

2008 Report

Draft Government White Paper, Republic of Botswana:Realising out potentials. National Human ResourceDevelopment Strategy

2008 Report

Tracer Study of Graduates of the Botswana TechnicalEducation Programme

2007 Report

Mid-term Review of the Botswana 9th EDF Education andTraining Sector Policy Support Programme

2007 Report

Joint Annual Appraisal Report of the Education and TrainingSector Policy Support Programme (E&T SPSP)

2007 Report

Education Public Expenditure Review, Botswana (Draft FinalReport)

2007 Report

Annual and Quarterly Reports of the Francistown College ofTechnical and Vocational Education (FCTVE) and VocationalTraining College (VTC) -Vocational Training Programme

2006-07 Report

Inception Report of the Francistown College of Technical andVocational Education (FCTVE) and Vocational TrainingCollege (VTC) -Vocational Training Programme

2006 Report

Report on the Organisational Restructuring of the Ministry ofEducation Botswana

2006 Report

UNEVOC, Botswana Training Authority, Ministry of Science,Technology and Vocational Training (Zambia): Report on theStudy Visit between Botswana and Zambia on themainstreaming of HIV/AIDS in the TEVET Institutions

2006 Report

Draft National Information and Communications Technology 2005 Strategy Document



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Policy

African Development Bank: Botswana – Country AssistanceEvaluation (Memorandum)

2002 Evaluation

African Development Bank: Review of Bank Assistance tothe Education Sector (Memorandum)

1999 Review

Natural Resources Management

Wildlife Conservation & Management Programme, FinalEvaluation Report

2009 Report

Inception Report of the African Transboundary River BasinSupport Programme: Case of the Orange – Senqu River inBotswana, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa

2008 Report

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank: Global Monitoring Report: MDGs and theEnvironment

2008 Report

Mid-term review report of the SADC/Land and WaterManagement Applied Research Programme

2006 Report

Annual Report of the SADC Land and Water ManagementApplied Research Programme

2004-07 Report

Country Environmental Profile 2006 Report

Environmental Analysis for RIP 2006 Report

Final and Quarterly Reports of the Programme onImplementation and Co-ordination of Research and Training(ICART) in the SADC Region

2004/2005 Report

Aide Memoire to the WCMP mid-term review 2004 Report

CBNRM policy drafts2001; 2003-

04Strategy Document

Mid-term review report of the Community ForestDevelopment Programme

2002 Report

Annual reports of the SADC Regional Food SecurityProgramme

1999-2003 Report

Mid-term review report of the SADC Regional Food SecurityProgramme

2002 Report

Annual Report of the Programme on Promotion of RegionalIntegration (PRINT) in the SADC Livestock Sector

2006 Report

DWNP Strategic Plan 2002-2006 2002 Strategy Document

Mid-term review report on the Wildlife Conservation andManagement Programme

2004/2005 Report

National Eco-Tourism Strategy 2001 Strategy Document

National Conservation Strategy 1990 Strategy Document

Wildlife Conservation Policy 1986 Strategy Document

Tourism Policy Strategy Document

Community Development

Final Implementation Report for Start-Up ProgrammeEstimate for the Non-state Actors Capacity BuildingProgramme

2008 Report



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Review of the Third Micro Projects Programme 2002 Report

Regional Integration and Trade

Inception Report of the Project on SADC EconomicPartnership Agreement (EPA) Support: The Provision ofShort-Term Expertise to Facilitate the Negotiation of theServices and Investment Aspects of the Full SADC EU EPA

2008 Report

Final Evaluation of the Project on Support to SADC RegionalIntegration & the Multilateral Trading System “Trade inServices”

2008 Evaluation

Institutional Assessment of The SADC Secretariat FinalReport

2007 Report

Mid-term review report of the Regional Integration andCapacity Building Programme

2005 Report

Appraisal and Needs Assessment Report of an interventionto build capacity in SADC region on Maximum ResidueLevels

2006 Report

Private Sector Development and Foreign Direct Investment

TOR: Engineering study for cleaner concentrate productionand emission control at BCL mine in Selebi Phikwe(Botswana)

2009 TOR

Private Sector Development Strategy 2009-2013 2008 Strategy Document

Organisational Review and Capacity Needs of BotswanaConfederation of Commerce, Industry and Manpower(BOCCIM)

2008 Final Report

Consultancy on the establishment of a Labour MarketObservatory in Botswana and a benchmarking visit to othercountries on Labour Market observatories

2007 Report

Appraisal Report of the Project to support the Implementationof the SADC Finance and Investment Protocol

2007 Report

Narrative and Progress reports of the Project on Support toSADC Regional Integration & the Multilateral Trading System

2006-07 Report

Mid-Term Review of the Economic Diversification of theMining Sector Project

2007 Report

Annual and Quarterly Reports of the EconomicDiversification of the Mining Sector Project

2004-07 Report

The Botswana Federation of Trade Unions (BFTU): PositionPaper 2004

2004 Position Paper

Mid-term review report of the EU-SADC InvestmentPromotion Programme (ESIPP)

2004 Report

Scoping study on the Finance and Investment Sector inSADC

2004 Report

Trade Unions in Botswana, Country Report, 2003 2003 report

Evaluation of the Co-operation between the ACP States andthe Commission in the Mining Sector and SYSMIN:Botswana

1997 Evaluation

Governance and Public Sector Reforms

Support to the Implementation of Botswana Court RecordsManagement Project

2008 Report



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Review of Botswana’s National Anticorruption Strategy andits Implementation

2008 Report

Republic of Botswana, Consultancy on Procurement Policyand Institutional Advice (EC)

2008 Report

Republic of Botswana: Public Expenditure and FinancialAccountability

2008 Review

Tax Payer Survey and Review of Financing Arrangements ofthe Botswana Unified Revenue Service (BURS) (EC)

2008 Report

Provision of Training Needs Analysis to the Botswana UnifiedRevenue Service (EC)

2008 Report

Inception and Quarterly Reports of the TA to the ProgrammeSupport to Tax Administration Reform

2005-07 Report

Cross-Cutting Issues (Gender, HIV/AIDS)

BCL Mine 2008 HIV Prevalence Survey 2008 Report

Analysis of the Management of the Global Fund Round twoin Botswana

2007 Report

SIDA: HIV/AIDS Outreach Programme in Southern Africa 2006 Evaluation

Mid-term review report of the Soul City Regional HIV/AIDSAwareness & Education Programme

2005 Report

Mid-Term Review of the SADC/EU Project Regional Supportfor an Expanded Multisectoral Response to HIV and AIDS inthe SADC Region

2005 Report

BCL 2003 HIV Prevalence Survey 2003 Report

Progress Reports of the SADC/ EU Project Regional Supportfor an Expanded Multi-Sectoral Response to HIV/AIDS in theSADC Region

2002/2003 Report

UNICEF - Evaluation of United Nations-Supported PilotProjects for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmissionof HIV

2003 Evaluation

Capacity Building to NAO

Inception, Final and Monthly Reports of the ProjectStrengthening Botswana NAO Office

2007-08 Report

Technical Cooperation Facility

Final evaluation of the Technical Cooperation facility (Draft) 2009 Report



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ANNEX 7 LIST OF PERSONS MET

Name Institution/Unit Sector

Commission in Brussels

BERNORIO Pierangelo DG SANCO Trade

BEYNON Jonathan DEV C3 Budget Support

BOLLY Jean-Louis AIDCO 03 all

CARROUÉE Lucie DG SANCO Trade

CASELLA Ivano DG Trade Trade

LAWSON-McDOWALL Bruce DEV C3 all

LEYSEN Mark DEV E3 all

LOVASZ Jürgen AIDCO Budget Support

MASCAGNI Oscar E6 NRM

STEINMETZ Philippe B2 NRM

TOWNSEND Felicity DEV E3 HRD

TROJANOWSKA-PHILLIPS Ivonka AIDCO C1 all

VASSILIOU Pantelis AIDCO C1 all

WALLACE Christine DEV B3 HRD

Embassy of Botswana in Brussels

DIKGAKGAMATSO M. Moremi Minister Counsellor all

TEMA Carla O. Trade Attaché all

Delegation in BOTSWANA

MALIN Paul Ambassador, Head of Delegation Briefing Session

THILL Marc Head of Operations Botswana all

VIRE Vincent Economic Attaché HRD, Mining

SUND Lena Head of Operations SADC SADC, Trade

BRANDT Manfred Successor Lena Sund SADC, Trade

TIELEMANS Ives Head Finance and Contracts all

Cooperation Partners in BOTSWANA

TSELAYAKGOSI Ms NACA HIV-AIDS

ATKINSON, Michael MTR-Team Leader for MoLG and NSAMoLG

Non-State Actors



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BAELETISE NachiaGaborone Technical College, ActingDeputy Principal (Curriculum)

HRD

BATSHABANG MoemiDepartment of Wildlife and NationalParcs (DWNP)Assist. Director

NRM

BYRAM MartinMoLG, Department of Social Services(DSS) - CTA

MoLG/ CommunityDevelopment

CHAITEZVI CharlesSADC Secretariat, TL CustomsProgramme

Trade

CHAPONDA Orisson Non State Actors programme Non-State Actors

CHIMBARI Prof. Dr. Moses J.HOORC (University of Botswana)

Dep. DirectorNRM

CHITEMA DalitsoMoESD; Department of Technical &Vocational Training

HRD

DERAKHSHANI MojganSADC Secretariat, Advisor SADCFinance and Investment ProtocolCoordination

Direct ForeignInvestment

ELIAH Mr.MoLG, Department of Social Services(DSS)

MoLG/ CommunityDevelopment

GADENA, Getinet A.NSA Capacity Building ProgrammePIU

Non-State Actors

HUMPHREY MikeSADC, EPA Support FacilityProgramme Manager

Trade

KALAKE, NobantuBotswana Council of Non-Governmental Organisations(BOCONGO) - Programme Manager

Non-State Actors

KEBAKILE Stephen MoFDP all

KLALETSANG Trade and Industry Trade

KOITSIWE, Monicah NSA Capacity Building ProgrammePIU

Non-State Actors

KOKETSO ChadaSecretariat to the MultisectoralCommittee for Poverty Reduction

all

KOLOBI DorothyGaborone Technical College, ActingPrincipal

HRD

LAMECK Ntekela BEDIA PSD

LETSHWENYO, Dr. M. Ministry of Agriculture, DepartmentVeterinary ServicesDirector

NRM

LETSIE AliceWomen Against Rape Project Office(Maun)

Non-State Actors



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LIPPE Motho MoLG: Community Dev. Adviser MPP, MLG

MABJWENG Margret MoFDP, National Authorising Office all

MABUETSA, Lucas (and team)Madirelo Training and Testing Centre(MTTC), TL Development of Standards

HRD

MACHARIA Anthony KimothoSecretariat to the MultisectoralCommittee for Poverty Reduction,Principal Consultant

all

MAINA Irene UNAIDS HIV-AIDS

MAKGEKGENENE BothlhaleDirectorate on Corruption andEconomic Crime

Governance

MAPITSE Dr. NeoMinistry of Agriculture, DepartmentVeterinary Services

NRM

MARIPE MosetsanaMoESD; Department of Technical &Vocational Training

HRD

MARLOW J. BMC Non-State Actors

MHOTSHA Godzani Botswana Federation of Trade Unions Non-State Actors

MMAPATSI MathakaBotswana Training Authority (BOTA)Director Quality Assurance

HRD

MMOLAWA NchidziMineral Affairs DivisionDirector Mineral affairs

SYSMIN

MMOPELWA TrevorDepartment of Wildlife and NationalParcs (DWNP)

NRM

MOABI, Edmont B.

Ministry of Environment, Wildlife andTourism (MoEWT)

Dep. Perm. Secretary

NRM

MODUNGWA AbelBotswana Training Authority (BOTA),Chief Executive Officer

HRD

MOJALEMOTHO CharlesDepartment of Wildlife and NationalParcs (DWNP)

NRM

MOKGOSI NeoWomen Against Rape Project Office(Maun)

Non-State Actors

MOLAKE BaetiMinistry of Education and SkillsDevelopment (MoESD)Dep. Perm. Secretary

HRD

MOLAODI KathleenMoFDP, NAO, Secretariat of the Multi-sectoral Committee for PovertyReduction

all

MOLEFE Ms. District Forest Office (Maun) NRM

MOLEFE KebabonyeSecretariat to the MultisectoralCommittee for Poverty Reduction

all



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MOOKO Dr. Theophilus MoESD, Deputy Permanent Secretary HRD

MORRISON MonicaHOORC (University of Botswana)

Senior LibrarianNRM

MOTHOBI Michaal University of Botswana Non-State Actors

MOTSHEGWE E.O.MoLG MoLG/ Community

Development

MWALE Mr.NSA Capacity Building ProgrammePIU

Non-State Actors

NEILL RichardTertiary Education CouncilDirector Policy, Planning, Research

HRD

NTHAPA Tumelo BMC Non-State Actors

NTHEKELA LameckBotswana Export Development &Investment Authority (BEDIA)Research Manager

Private SectorDevelopmentNon-State Actors

NTSHEBE Fisher OnkabetseFrancistown College of Technical andVocational Education, Principal

HRD

OBUSENG SennyeUNDPEconomist

Others Donors

OTHUSITSE Mr. DWNP District Branch Office (Maun) NRM

PAGENSTECHER Lutz

Francistown College of Technical andVocational Education, Head ofDepartment Sport, Recreation andLeisure, DED

HRD

PHOREGO JackFrancistown College of Technical andVocational Education, Deputy PrincipalResources

HRD

PHUTI L M.Ministry of Trade & Industry, Depmt. ofInternational TradeDirector

Regional Integrationand Trade

RATHIPANA Kosmos DWNP District Branch Office (Maun) NRM

RIEDEL Jens

Francistown College of Technical andVocational Education, Senior Lecturer,Information and CommunicationTechnology, DED

HRD

RINGROSE Prof. Dr. SusanHOORC (University of Botswana)

DirectorNRM

ROSSITER IanSADCAdviser to RAO


SAMUEL Edwin P.MoESD, DTVET, Chief TechnicalEducation Officer

HRD



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SEBOLAAPHUTI KutlwanoSecretariat to the MultisectoralCommittee for Poverty Reduction

all

SEGARLA Dr. KobediMinistry of Agriculture, Disease ControlDivision

NRM

SEHULARO Dr. KarapetsaMinistry of Agriculture, Beef QualityControl Division

NRM

SEKHUTE-BARUNGAMILE B Birdlife (NGO) Non-State Actors

SETABO Bushy Francistown College of Technical andVocational Education, Deputy PrincipalCurriculum

HRD

SIGWELE Dr. H.K. Delta dairies Non-State Actors

SILVI ANTONINI AlessandroCentre for the Development ofEnterprise (CDE)Project Officer

Private SectorDevelopmentNon-State Actors

SIMANE MosweuBotswana Council of Non-Governmental Organisations(BOCONGO) - Executive Secretary

Non-State Actors

SKARSHINSKI LeonSouth-African Trade-HubUS-AID adviser


TEMA ReubenDepartment of Technical & VocationalTraining

HRD

THAMAGE JacobMinistry of Minerals, Energy & WaterResourcesDep. PS

SYSMIN

THERON FrancineMoLG, Department of Social Services(DSS)Principal Social Worker

MoLG

THOMAS K. JohnBotswana College of Engineering andTechnology, Principal

HRD

ZUPP ConnyFrancistown College of Technical andVocational Education, Senior lecturerConstruction

HRD

Participants Focus Group on Community Development in BOTSWANA

LAMECK Ntekela BEDIA Non-State Actors

LEFELETSE Ketlaaleka Botswana Confederation of CommerceIndustry and Manpower (BOCCIM)

Non-State Actors

SIGWELE Dr. Howard K. Delta Dairies Non-State Actors

SILUMESIL Milupi SAIMED Non-State Actors

STEMBILE Dube BEMA Non-State Actors

WILLIAMS Ivor iTALK Africa - Consultant Non-State Actors



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Participants Focus Group on Vocational Training and Technical Education in BOTSWANA

DIPUO Mr L. Multi Tech Training HRD, PSD

KALAOTE Mr. Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs HRD, PSD

KEBOAKETSWE Mr L. Multi Tech Training HRD, PSD

MANI Mr P. MoESD, DTVET HRD, PSD

MILUPI S. SAIMED HRD, PSD

MOFFAT Mr. Botswana Secondary Teacher Union(BOSETU)

HRD, PSD

MOKOBI Mr Automotive Trades Training College(ATTC)

HRD, PSD

MOTIKI Ms A. MoESD, Department of Out-of-schoolEducation and Training

HRD, PSD

TSHOME Mr N. MoESD, DTVET HRD, PSD

Participants Focus Group on Economic Diversification in BOTSWANA

DUBE S. Botswana Exporters andManufacturers Association (BEMA)

Regional Integrationand Trade, PSD

KETLAALEKA L. Botswana Confederation of CommerceIndustry and Manpower (BOCCIM)


MOKGOSI M. Local Entrepreneurship Authority (LEA) Regional Integrationand Trade, PSD

MOLEELE N. Botswana Confederation of CommerceIndustry and Manpower (BOCCIM)


MOTHOBI M. Botswana Exporters andManufacturers Association (BEMA)


SITANG T. Department of Industrial Affairs Regional Integrationand Trade, PSD

TEKANYO K. Botswana Export Development andInvestment Authority (BEDIA)


TEKEREDU P. University of Botswana, Professor Regional Integrationand Trade, PSD



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ANNEX 8 METHODS USED DURING FIELD PHASE

Data Collection Methods

(Tools are presented in annexes 9, 10, and 11)

Interviews

Interviews have been semi-structured (see annex 9). An overview on the issues fordiscussion during meetings had been made available to the interview partners two weeksahead of the mission. Many partners used the guidelines to be prepared for the meeting.

Questionnaires

Short questionnaires have been prepared to contact technical and financial partners thathave their offices in Pretoria (see annex 10). World Bank, Swedish Embassy (SIDA), andDFID answered the questionnaires (see annex 10).

Focus groups

The team arranged three focus group meetings (see the protocols in annex 11):

One meeting on Community Development:

Invited: NSA, MoLG, Delegation

A second meeting on Technical and Vocational Education and Training:

Invited: MoESD, MoLG, MoLabour, BOTA, the Delegation, CS/NGO active in the(vocational) education sector, representatives of teachers and parents

A third one on Economic Diversification:

Invited: Representatives of Ministry of Finance and Development Planning,representatives of the private sector and of Trade Unions, BCL and/or Tati, CS-organisations, the Delegation

Field Visits

Field visits included in the area of education

Gaborone Technical College (GTC)

Botswana College of Engineering and Technology (BCET, former ATTC) and

Francistown College of Technical and Vocational Education

In the area of NRM,

Wildlife administration and infrastructures in Maun

HOORC/Maun

Maun-based gender project Women Against Rape (WAR),

The attempt to link the visit in Maun with MPP realisations failed



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In the mining sector,

Bamangwato Concessions Limited (BCL - Mining Company), Selebi-Phikwe (to meetwith staff from the mining company, the Diversification Unit, and the Town Council)

Collection of additional documents

The collection of additional documents will be mainly guided by hints from interview partners.In any case, the team will continue trying to receive a copy of the so-called “Poverty Map”from the department working on poverty reduction in the MoFDP.

Table: Overview on Interview partners, Methods, and responsibilities for each EQ

EQ Partners Method Mainlyrespons

ible

De

leg

ati

on

Min

istr

ies

SA

DC

Se

cre

t.

NS

A,

SC

Pro

gra

mm

es

Be

ne

fic

iari

es

Do

no

rs

1: Relevance Interviews, Questionnaire TL

2: Efficiency Interviews, Documents,Statistics

TL, RIT

3: HRD Interviews, Focus Group, Visit,Statistics

HRD

4: NRM Interviews, Visits NRM

5: Non-focal Interviews, Focus Groups,Visits, Statistics

NRM, RIT

6: HIV/AIDS Interviews, StatisticsTL,

HIV/AIDS

7: CCI Interviews, Statistics TL

8: Sustainability Interviews, Visits TL

9: CCC/VA Interviews, Questionnaire TL, RIT

TL: Team leader; RIT: Specialist for Regional Integration and Trade (Economist); HRD: Specialist for HRD; NRM:Specialist for NRM & Community Development; HIV/AIDS: Specialist on HIV/AIDS



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ANNEX 9 BASIC QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PARTNERINTERVIEWS

Botswana Country Level Evaluation

Basic structure for the questionnaire

0. Clarification of some facts or issues, related to the implementation of the programmes (ifnecessary)

1. How did the EC-support contribute to

a) the sector objectives / sector policies / national policies?

b) the overall objectives of the cooperation strategy between Botswana and the EC(objectives like diversification of the economy, preservation or creation of jobs, povertyreduction)

At this level, the indicators and judgement criteria formulated for the EQ that relates to the subjectof the meeting/ to your specific area of expertise have to be mentioned and assessed

2. How efficient has the EC-support been?

At this level the indicators and judgement criteria of EQ2 should be respected.

3. What have been the factors for successes and / or failures?

4. What are your suggestions for improvements or your recommendations?

Note: This questionnaire has been modified and adapted to each and every individual interview. Topresent them all, would mean to present approximately 30 questionnaires. Just the genericquestionnaire is presented here.



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ANNEX 10 QUESTIONNAIRE AND ANSWERS OF OTHERDONORS

1) World Bank

Questionnaire for the World Bank Office in Pretoria

1. What are or will be the main interventions of the World Bank in Botswana?

The World Bank’s first-ever Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) for the period FY09-13, wasdiscussed by the Board on May 21, 2009. The CPS, which represents the Bank’s formal re-engagement with Botswana after a lending hiatus of almost 20 years, will help to addressserious development challenges of poverty, inequality, unemployment, and the HIV/AIDSpandemic. The CPS provides a flexible framework for deepening the dialogue withGovernment and will include a mix of instruments (knowledge transfers, analytical andfinancing support). The four strategic areas of intervention are:

Enhancing public sector effectiveness: Botswana faces a window of opportunity,in light of the current global recession, where the need to reduce spendinginefficiencies, prioritize spending effectiveness and ready the country fordiversification is now more urgently being felt. The Bank’s Public Expenditure Review(PER) is currently underway and will be complemented by other analytical workduring the CPS implementation period.

Fighting HIV/AIDS and improving education outcomes: Botswana has the 2nd

highest adult HIV/AIDS prevalence (24%) in the world. The Botswana NationalHIV/AIDS Prevention Support Response Project (BNAPS; $50m; July 2008), whichfocuses on prevention and program efficiency, is the first IBRD “buy down”transaction in Africa done in collaboration with the EC. On education, theGovernment has requested Bank support to improving human resourceefficiency/effectiveness and low education outcomes under the framework ofGovernment’s competitiveness and diversification agenda. This analytical work ineducation will complement what is being done by partners such as the EC (focus onE&T and HR) and UNICEF

Increased competitiveness - infrastructure and the climate for investment andgrowth: Botswana faces a serious challenge of achieving energy security by 2013when South Africa’s ESKOM terminates electricity supply to Botswana. On electricity,the CPS provides the benchmarks under which the WBG could become engaged inthe sector (proposed Morupule B project $450m; Q1 FY10) and potentially inelectricity for regional export (Mmamabula project, FY11). The country also facestransport bottlenecks and constraints to improving its competitive position bothregionally and internationally. The Bank’s intervention is the recently approvedIntegrated Transport Project ($50m; Q4 FY09). Additional analytical work will focuson the competitiveness agenda.

The Environment: Conservation and availability of water is high on Government’sagenda. The Bank successfully concluded the first phase of a fee-for-servicetechnical assistance program on the water sector; a second phase is being planned(FY10). In addition, the Bank will focus on supporting wildlife and nature-basedtourism (GEF) to strengthen the Government’s ability to tap into this promising sectorfor economic diversification.



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2. Is there any coordination between the Office or the World Bank in Pretoria and theEC-Delegation in Botswana?

No

Yes x Informally x Formalised

Not regularly Regularly x

At programme level x At policy level x

In planning x During implementation x

Please describe with a few words or give an example:

We meet with the EC regularly during visits to Botswana and exchange information viaemail. The relationship is strong.

3. Do you think that EC-interventions are coherent with your interventions inBotswana (or vice versa)?

No , why no:

Yes x, why yes: We see very close alignment of interventions between the EC’sCountry Strategy Paper (CSP) and the Bank’s CPS, particularly in the social areas suchas education, including human resources development and skills upgrading to addressthe high unemployment, responding to poverty and inequality, and helping to mitigate thechallenges of HIV/AIDS.

4. Is there a value added created by EC-interventions with regard to interventions ofthe World Bank? Yes, there is value-added created by EC-intervention and the BNAPSproject demonstrated this very well. This project enabled the Government to borrow, fora global public good, on near “concessional terms” through an innovative design thatallowed the EC to effectively finance the interest payments of the IBRD loan (roughly$20m; 4 years) against agreed targets/outcomes.

5. How do you appreciate the relevance of the EC-Country strategy and the EC-interventions in Botswana?

I do not know the EC-country strategy / EC-interventions

I do only know individual programmes of the EC in Botswana , which ones:

I know the EC-country strategy for Botswana x

My appreciation is (if possible with some reasons for your answer):

Well targeted on key priorities areas identified in NDP 9 and 10.

Feel free to add any comment you like:

5.



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2) DFID

Questionnaire for DFID-Pretoria

1. What are the main interventions of DFID in Botswana?

DFID no longer has a bilateral programme in Botswana. Some our regional programmesbenefit Botswana – primarily in the areas of Trade; Health, HIV & AIDS; and FoodSecurity.

2. Is there any coordination between DFID and the EC-Delegation in Botswana?

No

Yes Informally Formalised

1. Not regularly Regularly

2. At programme level At policy level

3. In planning During implementation


Collaborating on positions at SADC or other high level conference.

DFID comments on EC country strategy

3. Do you think that EC-interventions are coherent with your interventions in Botswana (orvice versa)?

No , why no:

Yes , why yes:

Coherent on key areas of: HIV &AIDS; Food Security; Trade; and regionalintegration (support to SADC)

4. Is there a value added created by EC-interventions with regard to DFID-interventions

Several EC interventions are focussed on areas that DFID also works in (seeabove). We see the EC’s work as complementing ours.




I know the EC-country strategy for Botswana


DFID has no bilateral programme in Botswana (it’s a Middle Income Country andDFID is mandated to spend 90% of its money in Low Income Countries), but thereare still clear Development needs in Botswana. The EC’s Botswana programme(to which the UK contributes a substantial proportion, through its overallcontribution to the EC) provides a useful route to ensure focussed developmentassistance to Botswana is provided, even though DFID is not present.



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We also appreciate the capacity building support to SADC provided by the EC.SADC is a key regional partner for DFID.

3) Sweden

Questionnaire for the Swedish Embassy in Pretoria

Sida (the Swedish International development Cooperation Agency) is responsible for thedevelopment cooperation with Botswana.

1. What are the main interventions of Sweden in Botswana?

Brief background: The Swedish support to Botswana was phased out in 1998. Thereafteronly a limited technical cooperation and direct support to combat HIV/AIDS. In 2008, Sidawas given the assignment by the Swedish government to propose a new strategy for thecooperation with Botswana 2009-2013. A governmental decision on this is expectedwithin short. The instructions are a) to work with Partner driven cooperation (mutualinterest, sustainable relations, cost-sharing are key. Sida can give a catalytic support tokick-start the cooperation), and 2) continue with direct support to combat HIV/AIDS.

1. Partner driven cooperation

On-going cooperation within the fields of meteorology, trade and land administration(involving Department of Meteorological services, Department of International Trade andMinistry of Lands and Housing on the Botswana side). Planned support to taxcooperation (BURS) and a project on rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries (MoH) and inthe field of environment and climate.

2. HIV/AIDS

Support to NACA, Ministry of Local Government and to umbrella NGOs BONASO,BONELA, BOCONGO, and BONEPWA.

2. Is there any coordination between Swedish Embassy (in Pretoria)/Sida and the EC-Delegation in Botswana?

No

Yes × Informally Formalised

Not regularly × Regularly

At programme level At policy level

In planning During implementation


Room for improvement. Sida usually visits the delegation whenever in Gaborone onmissions for exchange of information on on-going support. From August a Sidarepresentative will be based at the Embassy in Pretoria with the main task to coverprogrammes in Botswana and Namibia. This will enhance the coordination efforts.

3. Do you think that EC-interventions are coherent with your interventions in Botswana (orvice versa)?

No , why no:



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Yes x why yes: To some extent. In sectors where both agencies are active. Oneexample is the EC support to BURS (tax authority). Sweden now plans to support apartnership between BURS and the Swedish Tax Authority which builds on experiencesmade during the EC intervention.

4. Is there a value added created by EC-interventions with regard to interventions ofSweden?

Yes, e.g. in the field of hiv/aids.




I know the EC-country strategy for Botswana


I have some knowledge but do not know the strategy and interventions well enough toanswer this question.



Page 133

ANNEX 11 PROTOCOLS OF THE FOCUS GROUPS

1. Focus Group Meeting on „Community Development / Local EconomicDevelopment

Participants:

LAMECK Ntekela BEDIA Non-State Actors

LEFELETSE Ketlaaleka Botswana Confederation of Commerce,Industry and Manpower (BOCCIM)

Non-State Actors

SIGWELE Dr. Howard K. Delta Dairies Non-State Actors

SILUMESIL Milupi SAIMED Non-State Actors

STEMBILE Dube BEMA Non-State Actors

WILLIAMS Ivor iTALK Africa - Consultant Non-State Actors

Hypotheses discussed:

1. Civil society organisations are weak.

2. Ministry of Local Government is not sufficiently committed.

3. Local Governments are not prepared to support community development / local

development.

4. Local communities lack initiative.

5. Support organisations (credit / advice) are missing in disadvantaged areas.

Results of the discussion:

1. NGOs are weak because they have high staff turnover. This is due to the fact that they

do not have secured financial long-term perspectives. Therefore, capacity building has to

be repeated again and again for steadily new recruited staff (which is a waste of money).

2. “Community development / Local development is not their core business.”

3. No comment was made on this. The MLG had been invited several times, but did not

show up.

4. Local Communities may need advocacy

5. The hypothesis was confirmed.



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2. Focus Group Meeting on “Technical and Vocational Education and Training(TVET)”

Participants:

DIPUO Mr L. Multi Tech Training HRD, PSD

KALAOTE Mr. Ministry of Labour and Home Affairs HRD, PSD

KEBOAKETSWE Mr L. Multi Tech Training HRD, PSD

MANI Mr P. MoESD, DTVET HRD, PSD

MILUPI S. SAIMED HRD, PSD

MOFFAT Mr. Botswana Secondary Teacher Union (BOSETU) HRD, PSD

MOKOBI Mr Automotive Trades Training College (ATTC) HRD, PSD

MOTIKI Ms A. MoESD, Department of Out-of-school Education HRD, PSD

TSHOME Mr N. MoESD, DTVET HRD, PSD


1. All people must have vocational training.

2. Vocational training does not fit with employer’s expectations.

3. Private sector does not contribute to the definition of needs.

4. Private vocational training is more efficient than in government run colleges.

5. Colleges lack decision powers.

6. Technical education in schools must be strengthened.

7. The whole system lacks orientation.


1. All people need VT; but vocational training is only second choice (last resort);

2. Technical change may be faster than adaptation in colleges; Entrepreneurs expect GoB

to deliver trained people; Revalidation of BTEP will be done with industry; cooperation

with private sector needs a lot of initiatives from the colleges;

3. Private sector abducted from VET; private sector does not have master staff; when

industry is cutting costs, they reduce training days;

4. Some are only profit driven, but BOTA regulates;

5. BTEP is a rigid system and curricula cannot be changed from individual colleges. There

is a joint revision every five years;

6. “Vocationalising the education” at secondary level is discussed

7. There is vocational training (apprenticeship scheme) and technical education in colleges;

brigades are outdated since Botswana changed since the 60s; the credit system is more

useful for rural areas than for urban areas; “Fresh start” is now under the Depmt. Of out-

of-school Education and Training.



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3. Focus Group Meeting on “Economic Diversification”

Participants:

KETLAALEKA L. Botswana Confederation of Commerce Industryand Management (BOCCIM)


MOKGOSI M. Local Entrepreneurship Authority (LEA) Regional Integrationand Trade, PSD

MOLEELE N. Botswana Confederation of Commerce Industryand Management (BOCCIM)


MOTHOBI M. Botswana Exporters and ManufacturersAssociation (BEMA)


SITANG T. Department of Industrial Affairs Regional Integrationand Trade, PSD

TEKANYO K. Botswana Export Development and InvestmentAuthority (BEDIA)


TEKEREDU P. University of Botswana Regional Integrationand Trade, PSD


1. Diversification in Botswana is not a success story.

2. Many support agencies produce little impact.

3. Human resources are the bottleneck of diversification.

4. Regional trade does not contribute to diversification.

5. Foreign direct investment remains weak.

6. South African companies occupy all markets.

7. Trade liberalisation may damage local economies.


1. Yes and no: lot of progress (stock market fastest growing in the world), but maybe too

slow; SME have difficulties to find markets; 80-90% of all goods are imported; to procure

from outside is easier, industry is infencing;

2. Everything is dominated by GoB; GoB implanted support organisations; who of them has

the potential of being an entrepreneur?

3. Leather: how many people are able to work with leather?; We get educated to get a job,

not to start a business; the skill “planning” is missing - you cannot learn it as a subject;

4. B. Exported more to Zimbabwe than it imported from Zimbabwe (even though not SACU);

not much progress;

5. Yes and no: China invests heavily in construction sector; mining: how much local

ownership?; no small scale mining, only large scale with foreign investment; B. People

have culture of short-term investment; foreign companies from colonial time are still

holding concessions;

6. To a certain extent, yes

7. EC should concentrate on HRD before opening the markets



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ANNEX 12 PROJECT FICHES

List of Analysed Projects

Human Resource Development (focal sector in EDF 8, 9, and 10):

1. Francistown CTVE/VTC Vocational Training Programme (EDF8)

2. Augmentation of Gaborone Technical and Automotive Trades Technical College(EDF8)

3. Education and Training Sector Policy Support Programme (EDF9, 80%)

Natural Resources Management (second focal sector in EDF8):

4. Community Forestry Development (EDF8)

5. Wildlife Conservation and Management Programme (EDF8)

6. Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre (environmental budget line)

7. SADC Foot and Mouth Disease Project

8. Implementation and Coordination of Agricultural Research and Training in the SADCRegion


9. 3rd Micro-projects Programme (EDF8, non-focal)

10. Strengthening the Capacity for Community Development in the Ministry of LocalGovernment and Councils (EDF9, non-focal)

11. Non-state Actors Capacity Building (EDF9, non-focal)

Private Sector Development

12. Economic Diversification of the Mining Sector (SYSMIN, €30million)

Regional Integration and Trade:

13. Support to the SADC Regional Integration and the Multilateral Trading System(UNCTAD - Trade in Services)

14. Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) Support Facility

Public Sector Reform

15. General TA for Support to Tax Administration Reform (BURS)

And finally as a multi-purpose instrument:

16. The different Technical Cooperation Facilities (TCF)



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1. Project name: Francistown CTVE/VTC Vocational Training Programme (EDF8)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 8 ACP BT3

Sector: Human Resource Development

Intervention level or administrative region: Botswana

EC allocations and disbursements

Initial allocation EUR(according to FA)

15,000,000

Revised allocationEUR (rider to FA)

Contracted funds EUR

14,988,571

Disbursed funds EUR

12,764,996

Starting date (planned / actual) : 03/01/2001

End date (planned /effective or likely): 31/12/2008

Project objectives (overall and specific)

Overall Objective: The project is an improved standard of living for school leavers and theunemployed, through a reduction in youth unemployment; improved income levels for young people;reduced reliance on expatriate personnel; improved equity in the labour market and improvedproductivity in the formal and informal sectors

Project Purpose: The project focuses on the increased effectiveness and capacity of the technical andvocational training and education system in Francistown and outreach centres.

Major project activities:

Activities to meet the above purposes consisted of constructing, equipping and making operational aCollege of Technical and Vocational Education (CTVE), together with a Vocational Teachers TrainingCollege (VTTC). Synergy of effort and resources should be achieved by locating the Centre on thesame site. In order to produce top level tuition the project also provided appropriate physical andhuman upgrading for the planning, management and teaching competencies. The programme wasunder the overall responsibility of the Ministry of Education. In order to facilitate the programme,detailed supervision and monitoring has been carried out by the CTVE Reference Group, whichreports to the Director of the Department of Vocational Education and Training (DVET) and is chairedby the Director of DVET.

Expected outputs/outcomes according to indicators:

The results to be delivered by the programme are, first, improved and expanded training facilities,then, better access for all Batswana to technical and vocational training and therefore a supply ofgraduates possessing skills matching and current needs of the workplace.

2. Project Achievements

Expected outputs/outcomes / impacts:

Effective and competent management and operation of CTVE/VTTC ensured Relevant competencies matching the current needs of industry and informal sector acquired by

CTVE and VTTC (VET) graduates Increased opportunities and equal access to (technical and) vocational education and trainingRelevance and quality of designThe project that is needed for the teaching of BTEP courses, especially courses of higher level(advanced and diploma courses) of the Botswana Technical Education Programme (BTEP), for theprovision of more local teachers in the area of technical education, and for the provision of theoreticallearning of participants in apprenticeship schemes in the area of Francistown. The Project is highlyrelevant. The project design included construction, equipment and TA for the development of curricula,preparation of training, and support to the managerial preparation for the functioning of the centre.Efficiency of implementation to date.Inputs had been adequate to meet the intended results. Nevertheless, the project has been delayed byseveral years. Quarrels had to be settled concerning quality issues of the construction work. The



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building has been handed over only in 2008. Even today a lot of construction deficiencies are visibleand some buildings start already to degrade due to absence of maintenance.Effectiveness to date.All buildings are completed. Nearly all staff is in place. First courses have only started in 2008 in both,the CTVE and the VTTC, which now is not an independent college or centre but a department withinFCTVE. No outreach centres have been constructed or annexed to the FCTVE.Impact to date.Management staff is in place. So far (June 2009), the college is not yet operating with full capacity(13.3%). The low rate of use is explained with long accreditation procedures with BOTA; BOTAexplains that necessary preparations that could have been done by the college in parallel to ongoingconstruction work have not been done in time. TA was finished before the construction work wasfinished and before the administration could move in. This may have led to shortcomings in the area ofmanagement support and management capacity. The actual Director came in only in 2008 and has notbenefitted from any TA.There is no impact on the economy to date, as this will only start to occur once graduates from thecentre commence employment, but the potential for positive impact is very high.Also at the level of technical and vocational teacher education effects will only show when the firstbadge of teachers will leave the college. Currently, there are 56 teacher trainees. From the initial 80 24dropped out since they found employment.First feedback from work placements is positive. Industries are stating that interns show many practicalskills compared to graduates from University (example taken from Communication technologies).The building has been constructed as to be able to host learners with disabilities thus contributing toinclude disabled persons as well.

Potential sustainabilityThe potential for sustainability is very good as technical education and teacher training correspond to aneed. GoB (Government of Botswana) commitment is shown by the degree of financial input that thegovernment is making to the introduction of BTEP and technical and vocational training. The buildingshave been co-financed by EC and GoB.The building designs have been developed in close collaboration with the Department of Architectureand Building Services (DABS) and the Department of Electrical and Mechanical Services (DEMS) inorder to ensure use of local technology and resources. Full environmental compliance has beenfollowed for the long life, loose-fit, low energy solutions. Financial soundness is shown by the degreeof budgetary provision that the GoB is making for the Project and the TVET system in general.Until now, there is no concept and no responsible for maintenance in place.

Unexpected outcome/impact: N/A

Beneficiaries (quality and eventually number): Up to 1,500 students in BTEP courses, and 200 inteacher training.

Consideration of Gender specific aspects in design and monitoring (If not yet mentioned above provideeventual results and impacts): Learner figures are intended to be gender balanced. The few coursesalready in place show the usual gender pattern (girls in beauty courses, boys in technology)

Consideration of environmental aspects: According to information, long life, loose-fit, low energysolutions have been considered

Consideration of HIV/AIDS aspects: HIV-AIDS mainstreaming is intended

Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant): N/A

3. Scoring and explanatory comment. (very good, good, satisfactory, poor)

Relevance & Quality of Design: good (b)

Effectiveness: satisfactory (c)

Impact : so far poor (d), in the long run good (b)

Sustainability: good (b)

Efficiency: satisfactory (c)

Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor): b



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4. Coordination, Complementarity, Coherence

Horizontal Interrelations (with other EC programmes, Stabex, Flex, budget lines, ECHO or EIBinterventions: n/a)

Linkage/cofinancing with Member State programmes / other donors: n/a

Vertical Interrelations (RIP): n/a

Evidence of coordination (Committees, joint missions…): n/a

Evidence of contradiction with EC/EU Policies: n/a

5. EC value added: EC support to construction allows the use of teachers provided by DED

6. EC visibility: High (the building is huge, even though far outside the town of Francistown; press isreporting regularly; a prospectus is presenting the college

7. Lessons learnt: ?

8. Other observations remarks (if relevant):

College management, DTVET, and BOTA have to find ways to accelerate the accreditation of coursesand teachers in order to start the teaching activities in all courses and to use the centre properly.

9. Methodology and Information sources

List of documents analysed : FA, implementation reports, MR,

List of people met : Principal, two deputy principals, three DED teaching staff

Other sources of information (observation, focus groups): inspection walk of all buildings; interviewswith students have not been possible, since all students had been in work placements.



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2. Project name: Augmentation of Gaborone Technical and Automotive Trades TechnicalCollege (EDF8)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 8 ACP BT14

Sector: Human Resource Development




3,880,000



3,722,635

Disbursed funds EUR

897,392

Starting date (planned / actual) : 08/2003

End date (planned /effective or likely): ongoing (intended closing 8/2009)


The project’s overall objective is to contribute to the national development objectives of sufficient andequitable access to education, improved opportunities for wage- and self-employment, and improvedproductivity, competitiveness and innovativeness of the labour force. Its purpose is to increase accessto, and opportunities for, technical education and training in conducive living and learningenvironments generally, and for students with disabilities and special learning needs in particular.


The project envisages the construction/upgrading and equipping of relevant training facilities,curriculum development and staff skills upgrading, networking and co-ordination with the industry andstakeholders, improvement of recreational / hostel facilities, and provision of technical assistancefocusing on facilitating the Nationalisation of the BTEP.


• Functional Science and Technology Training Facilities• Hospitality and Tourism and Training Facilities• Facilities and Opportunities established for people with disabilities or special learning needs• Improved standards and safety of ATTC workshop facilities• Improved recreational facilities• Effective curriculum development and BTEP implementation


Relevance and quality of design:The long-term development strategy of the Government of Botswana (GoB), the 8th NationalDevelopment Plan (1997/8) and ‘Vision 2016’ identified Education and Training as a focal sector forthe achievement of development objectives and poverty alleviation. Vocational Training and Education,in particular, is deemed to be central for these objectives. The focus upon the augmentation oftechnical colleges which the Gaborone Technical College (GTC) and the Automotive Trades TechnicalCollege (ATTC) is designed to ensure that the two colleges are positioned to the level whereby theycan host newly developed BTEP courses, especially at higher levels (advanced and Diploma). TheGTC and ATTC have been constructed with previous EC financial support. The previous constructionperiod of the colleges involved collaboration with private sector contractors who assisted to provide thenecessary expertise needed to complement those of the GoB, Department of Building and EngineeringServices (DBES) personnel. The collaboration did not work as projected due to managerialweaknesses of the GoB machinery.Efficiency of implementation to date:The design and the refinement of project plans took more than 3 years to complete, an unusually longtime. As a result of changes in the key components of the project budget, adjustments to projectallocations resulted in the EC reallocating its financial contribution towards infrastructure constructionat the GTC and ATTC. The GoB is meeting the balance of the financial resources required fromNational Treasury. The actual project implementation began with the main tendering process, whichcommenced in December 2006 with the preparation of the tender for the Works Contract. In March2007, approximately 3 months after the tender was launched, the Government of Botswana, through



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the National Authorising Office (NAO), Ministry of Finance and Development Planning, submitted tothe EC Delegation, the Works Evaluation Schedule and names of Evaluation Committee members. InApril 2007, exactly a month later, the EC approved the Evaluation Schedule and EvaluationCommittee. The EC approved the Tender Evaluation Report in June 2007. Finally, construction worksdid not commence before the first quarter of 2008. The completion is now foreseen for the last quarterof 2009.Effectiveness to date:

Some buildings are still under construction. The construction of the kitchen building at GTC hinders theimplementation of the hospitality course. Meanwhile ATTC has been merged with the polytechnics ofthe engineering faculty of University of Botswana to become the Botswana College of Engineering andTechnology (BCET). The completion is now foreseen for the last quarter of 2009.

Impact to date:No impacts can be observed at this stage. Impacts will be visible when graduates from the differentBTEP courses will enter the labour market or create own businesses. Since some of the higher levelcourses just started and others did not yet start, impacts will be visible in the next years. A new tracerstudy and further on regular tracer studies on the BTEP implementation are planned by BOTAproviding more information on the impacts.Potential sustainability:GoB contribution to the project relative to that of the EC has increased from less than 50 percent,when the FA was signed, to 60 percent. There is also an understanding that the GoB will take care ofthe equipment and machinery needs of the project from its annual sector support budget. Clearly, inview of the substantial GoB involvement, the financial and economic sustainability of the project ishigh.

Unexpected outcome/impact: n/a

Beneficiaries (quality and eventually number): 1,000 students at GTC; ATTC / BCET not yet clear.

Consideration of Gender specific aspects in design and monitoring (If not yet mentioned above provideeventual results and impacts): no observation

Consideration of environmental aspects: no observations

Consideration of HIV/AIDS aspects: Mainstreaming is intended

Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant): n/a


Relevance & Quality of Design: b

Effectiveness: c

Impact : later b

Sustainability: b

Efficiency: b

Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor). b


Horizontal Interrelations (with other EC programmes, Stabex, Flex, budget lines, ECHO or EIBinterventions: n/a

Linkage/cofinancing with Member State programmes / other donors: n/a


Evidence of coordination (Committees, joint missions…): n/a


5. EC value added: EC support allows the implementation of higher level BTEP courses thatotherwise could not take place; MS are not active in the field (at least not in GTC and ATTC)

6. EC visibility: Will be high once the buildings will be finalised and courses start.

7. Lessons learnt: ?




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No new observations; the critical observations on relevance of the BTEP courses in former monitoringreports should be kept in mind, but more evidence is needed in order to come to a real judgement.BTEP is new, the implementation is ongoing. The implementation is slow.


List of documents analysed : FA, MR

List of people met : Principal, Deputy Principal Curriculum (both acting)

Other sources of information (observation, focus groups, …): Complete inspection of the buildings andthe construction site



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3. Project name: Education and Training Sector Policy Support Programme (E&T SPSP)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP BT4; 9 ACP BT5; (envelopes A and B)Sector: Human Resource Development




50,408,000


51,408,000


50,434,742

Disbursed funds EUR

33,983,770




Major objectives of the sector have been prioritised as: maintaining trends in Net Enrolment Rate [6-12years] while improving the quality of basic education and training and of learning; minimising andcoping with the impact of HIV/AIDS on the education sector; maintaining support policies, programmesand related budget; tracking progress towards the targets set in the MoESD Strategic Plan; andproviding the pre-requisites/enabling environment for establishing an effective and demand-orientededucation system.

The objective of the mission is to provide decision makers in the Government of Botswana (GoB) andthe European Commission (EC) with a mid-term assessment of the E&T SPSP, especially the extentto which the support provided has contributed to progress in the education sector. The Review will i)examine progress in the 7 key-areas for sector support programmes; ii) assess the programmeperformance using the five key criteria for evaluation and iii) provide relevant recommendations toaddress critical issues for ensuring a successful implementation of the programme. The Review isexpected to provide evidence and options as a basis for GoB/EC decisions to re-orientate the E&TSPSP where appropriate.


Supply of sector budget support; constant sector dialogue, studies and short-term TA financedfrom the TCF; regular monitoring of achievements in yearly assessment missions


Better targeting of needs and priorities and more effective allocations of financial resources More efficient management of resources Cost-efficient Human Resources Development (HRD) reflecting equal opportunities Informed policy formulation, planning and steering of E&T delivery Improved planning, regulation, and implementation of E&T provision Improvement of access and equity in the E&T sector

Increased HIV/AIDS awareness at primary and secondary levels


Obtained outputs/outcomes / impacts:

Relevance and quality of design:The support is relevant as it is integral part of the implementation of national policies. Indicators fortranches of the SBS are negotiated on the basis of National policy priorities but seem also to beinfluenced by EC. The choice of process and outcome indicators was thought to stimulate theelaboration of certain documents considered basic for further improvements, mainly in the area ofmanagement, but also in the area of increasing relevance (mainly of technical and vocational)education (and training). This design has led to intensive sector dialogue, but it did not lead toincreased motivation of the MoESD to achieve certain indicators as they are not directly seeing anincrease of support in the case of success or a decrease in case of non-achievement.Efficiency of implementation to date:SBS increased the efficiency of aid delivery. MoFDP/NAO and the Delegation are both satisfied withless transaction costs (at least for the administration of the SBS). Technical input may have increasedon the other hand. The use of TCF for identified questions and areas has proven to be very efficient



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and is much appreciated.

Effectiveness to date:Implementation started in 2006. Four (yearly) tranches of the SBS have been released. The fifth will bereleased according to findings later this year.

Tranches 1(2006)

2(2007)

3(2008)

4(2009)

5

Amount max. (€m) 16.32 11 11.2 11.7 0.7+***Assessment 100% 88% 72%* 55% Oct

2009Disbursed (€m) 16.32 9.68 7.92 6.435** -

Impact to date:Through the dialogue supported through studies financed under the TCF, a number of problems havebeen detected and solutions discussed. This also led to changes in the indicators.Problems related to access not improved, problems to quality may even have worsened. In the area ofmanagement, proposals are formulated by various studies that will be implemented. The main impactis seen in the fact that a Human Resource Development Strategy (HRDS) has been formulated thatwill be implemented until 2015. The HRDS is seen as a panacea to many problems (mainly relevanceof education and training). It sure will lead to improvements in relevance but this will only be true whenat the same time sector management and teaching and learning quality will improve.Potential sustainability:Sustainability is high since all activities are guided by national policy papers. The HRDS has beenapproved by Parliament.

Unexpected outcome/impact: n/a

Beneficiaries (quality and eventually number): 40,000 learners per cohort. The Botswana economy andsociety.

Consideration of Gender specific aspects in design and monitoring (If not yet mentioned above provideeventual results and impacts): Gender mainstreaming and monitoring is done

Consideration of environmental aspects: n/a

Consideration of HIV/AIDS aspects: Mainstreaming activities; also learning material has beendeveloped

Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant): The support contributes to improvements inPublic Financial Management (PFM)


Relevance & Quality of Design: a

Effectiveness: b

Impact : not yet, but later b

Sustainability: a

Efficiency: b



Horizontal Interrelations (with other EC programmes, Stabex, Flex, budget lines, ECHO or EIBinterventions: n/a

Linkage/cofinancing with Member State programmes / other donors: Coordination with World bank onHIV-AIDS response in the education sector


Evidence of coordination (Committees, joint missions…): EC supported elaboration of World Bankprogramme on HIV-AIDS; in future joint missions are planned.




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5. EC value added: The fact that EC is still present and ready to dialogue is the main value added (allother MS are not or to a very little extent present in the education sector: Germany DED teachers inFrancistown Technical College; France promotes the teaching of French language at secondary level).

6. EC visibility: Not very high. Even staff in MoESD art not fully aware of the kind of support providedby EC.

7. Lessons learnt:



List of documents analysed : FA, MTR, Evaluation report, Joint Annual reports 2007, 2008, 2009;EPER, O&M Report, HRD Strategy

List of people met : Vincent Vire, delegation, Deputy Permanent Secretary MoESD, MoFDP/NAO,Technical Colleges in Gaborone and Francistown, BOTA, TEC

Other sources of information (observation, focus groups, …):



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Natural Resources Management

4. Project name: Community Forestry Development (EDF8)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 8 ACP BT2Sector: Natural Resources Management




1,995,000



924,294

Disbursed funds EUR

924,294


End date (planned /effective or likely): 01/2006


The overall objective is the improvement of conservation and sustainable use of Botswana’s naturalforest resources. The project purpose comprises the following issues:

- Forest estate brought under sustainable productive management;

- Employment and income generating opportunities for rural communities increased

- Government institutional capacity in forest sector enhanced


Provision of technical assistance

Capital investment

Procurement of vehicles

Procurement of office equipment

Upgrading of nurseries

Nursery establishment and management

Research trial establishment

Implementation of Chobe Forests management Plan

Inventories of communal forest resources

Introduction of forestry education in primary school

Establishment of backyard nurseries

Community Management of indigenous woodland

Development of community income generating projects

Assistance to NGOs/Brigade projects

Training of staff

Evaluation, studies and audits


Increase of management capability of the Division of Forestry, Beekeeping and RangeEcology

Improvement of management of forest reserves and plantations Increase of sustainable supply of wood and non-wood forest products to rural land increased Involvement of communities in the management of forest resources on communal land

increased Increase of employment and income generating opportunities in rural areas



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Obtained outputs/outcomes / impacts

Negligible impact, due to the project’s premature closure (upon a decision taken in 2002, due toinsurmountable design and implementation deficits). The project’s performance was rated as whollyinadequate, beyond any realistic option for corrective action.

Relevance and quality of design:

Weak relevance & design flaws; project misidentified root-causes of deforestation and forestdegradation, and hence failed to devise realistic remedies.

Efficiency of implementation to date:Low efficiency, significant underutilization of funds.Effectiveness to date:Despite limited success in terms of plantation management and artificial forest-regeneration, naturalforest management and promotion of community-based forest management in particular failed tomaterialise.Impact to date:

See above. Field mission in June 2009 fund indications of continued operation of backyard-nurseries,albeit on a limited scale. No qualification/quantification possible.

Potential sustainability:Low sustainability, besides continued use of backyard-nurseries. Capacity building support mostlyineffective, due to high staff turnover and lacking documentation of project outputs. Weak institutionalmemory.

Unexpected outcome/impact:

Beneficiaries (quality and eventually number):

(i) Rural households (ultimate beneficiaries in terms of resource tenure, income & employment,and provision of forest products.

(ii) District-level forest authorities (intermediaries in terms of capacity development &institutional improvement)

Consideration of Gender specific aspects in design and monitoring (If not yet mentioned above provideeventual results and impacts):

n.a.

Consideration of environmental aspects:

Overexploitation of forest resources due to mounting population pressure, resulting in soil erosion andloss of forest functions (main problem).

Consideration of HIV/AIDS aspects: n.a.

Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant): n.a.


Relevance & Quality of Design: poor

Effectiveness: poor

Impact : poor

Sustainability: poor

Efficiency: poor

Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor). Poor.


Horizontal Interrelations (with other EC programmes, Stabex, Flex, budget lines, ECHO or EIBinterventions:

Wildlife Conservation and Management Programme (8 ACP BT 10)

SADC Land and Water Management Applied Research Programme (8 ACP RAU 18)

Community-based Woodland Resources Management and Improvement in Serowe District,Botswana (ENV/1998/054-290)



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Linkage/cofinancing with Member State programmes / other donors: n.a.

Vertical Interrelations (RIP): n.a.

Evidence of coordination (Committees, joint missions…): n.a.

Evidence of contradiction with EC/EU Policies: n.a.

5. EC value added: No value added, due to serious underperformance.

6. EC visibility: Low visibility, hardly any technical aspects of the project remaining (save continueduse of back-yard nurseries) to date.

7. Lessons learnt and

8. Other observations remarks (if relevant): Project design (log-frame attached to FA) lacks definitionof baseline values and OVI (no clear-cut performance benchmarks), rendering M&E virtuallyimpossible.


List of documents analysed : FA, JAR 2003, MTR 02; CRIS data

List of people met : DEC (Paul Malin, Marc Thill), MoEWT (Deputy PS and Asst. Director), DistrictForest Office (Maun; Ms. Molefe)

Other sources of information (observation, focus groups, …): n.a.



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5. Project name: WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 8 ACP BT10Sector: Natural Resources Management




13,273,400



12,677,862

Disbursed funds EUR

11,118,022


End date (planned /effective or likely): closed (12/2007)

Project objectives (overall and specific):

Overall Objective: “Conservation of wildlife and protected areas and promotion of the sustainable use ofthese resources to improve employment and income opportunities for the local communities”.

Specific Objective: None indicated; Project Purpose stated as1. Strengthening of parks and reserves management through improvement of capacity of DWNP;2. Increasing of capacity of local communities to participate in management planning and resourcemanagement within and outside parks and reserves.


Planning park management

Preparing annual work plans and budget

Developing and applying management system and processes

Assessing training and staffing needs and implementation of a focussed mentoring system

Managing visitors and promoting economic development through tourism

Building new infrastructure

Assessing needs and developing an outreach strategy for each target PA

Forming Local Advisory Committees

Training and raising awareness

Communicating and working with communities

Supporting problem animal control initiatives

Monitoring the impact of outreach

Facilitating needs assessments and development of CBNRM plans and strategies in each targetcommunity

Training to build capacity to:

- Develop legal, representative and accountable CBNRM institutions

- Obtain the right to manage and utilise wildlife and natural resources

- Negotiate with the private sector and state institutions

- Monitor and manage natural resources-based enterprises

- Develop and operate natural resource-based enterprises

Conducting socio-economic research and monitoring

Learning lessons and disseminating information

Supporting DWNP's strategic and operational research framework

Integrating research monitoring activities with management in target Pas

Developing collaboration approaches to wildlife monitoring and quota setting outside Pas

Assist in review of DWNP institutional framework

Assist review of DWNP operational management systems and introductions of appropriate measures



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to improve effectiveness and efficiency

Assessing staffing and training needs

Training for institutional strengthening and capacity building at headquarters and district levels

Preparing Action plans for strengthening district operations

Assisting to enhance headquarters and district planning budgeting

Managing headquarters and district recurrent expenditure and budget


Management of three Protected Areas (PAs) strengthened

Local Community, private sector and other stakeholder cooperation in protected area conservationand management increased

Benefits to local communities from sustainable natural resource use and wildlife management withinPAs and adjacent Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) increased

Planning and management decisions better informed by research and monitoring

DWNP district operations strengthened

DWNP headquarters support for field operations strengthened



Relevance and quality of design:Project design well aligned with EDF 8 NIP, intervention logic consistent and comprehensive. Projectreflected foci of NDP 8. Demonstrated high relevance of the project design in regard to mounting pressureand land-use conflicts arising at the wildlife conservation/livestock industry nexus. Clear focus on promotingCBNRM, in line with GoB policy commitments at the time of the project’s design and inception. Relevanceincreasingly called into questions during the project’s implementation, as exemplified by the facts that (i)DWNP retained (and continues to do so) exclusive management authority over wildlife, and (ii) GoB provedreluctant to endorse the (then draft) CBNRM Policy. Implementation of the CBNRM Policy since 2007betrays a certain tendency for “recentralizing” control over wildlife at the detriment of local community trustfunds engaged in community-based wildlife management. Overall relevance satisfactory.Efficiency of implementation to date:Weak efficiency, owing mainly due implementation and project steering deficits, reluctance of DWNP tofollow up on policy commitments (restructuring of DWNP and CBNRM) in practice, and inadequatestakeholder coordination. Implementation seriously delayed for most of the implementation period, withmarked improvements during the last year. Significant underutilization of funds owing to low absorptioncapacity at field level.Effectiveness to date:Resource persons during the field mission in June 2009 highlighted construction of PA infrastructure (staffaccommodation, tourist facilities inside PAs) as most significant achievement. Status and decision-makingauthority of district-level DWNP branches strengthened through upgrading to Asst. Director status anddeployment of regional wildlife officers. CBNRM component completely failed, as illustrated by thebreakdown of the Community Development Fund (CDF), leading to widespread disenchantment among localstakeholders. Involvement of rural communities limited to operation of the Management Oriented MonitoringSystem (MOMS), which – due to DWNP’s failure to develop the system into a computerized MIS anddecision-making tool – remains ineffective. Project remained unable to defuse lingering wildlife/livestockconflicts. Overall weak effectiveness, with only partial achievement of the five result-areas.Impact to date:Improved morale and capacities of DWNP field level staff, which may indirectly lead to enhancedgovernance and better conservation of wildlife. Failure to implement CBNRM as expected diminished theproject’s impact substantially, and essentially erodes its contribution to the achievement of the EDF 8 NIPspecific objective for NRM.Potential sustainability:Likely high sustainability in regard to infrastructure support and raised administrative status of DWNPdistrict-level branches. High staff-turnover within DWNP erodes capacity building effects, and effectivelydestroys the institutional memory. As CBNRM measures mostly failed, no sustainability can be expected inthis regard (including in respect of the MOMS, which remains inoperative).

Unexpected outcome/impact: n.a.



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DWNP (central and district level/PA administrations), rural communities (WMA trust funds), NGOs


Gender aspects reflected in CBNRM component (enrolment of women in community-based trainingexercises).



Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant):


Relevance & Quality of Design: satisfactory

Effectiveness: satisfactory/poor

Impact : poor


Efficiency: poor

Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor). poor


Horizontal Interrelations (with other EC programmes, Stabex, Flex, budget lines, ECHO or EIB interventions:

All EC-supported NRM interventions during the project’s implementation period

MPP 3rd

Phase

EC-supported interventions aiming for tourism development (e.g. 6 ACP BT 44) ongoing during theproject’s design/implementation period

Linkage/cofinancing with Member State programmes / other donors:

Various projects (NRM, DWNP institutional support, community development) supported by DFID

USAID Natural Resources Management Project

Vertical Interrelations (RIP):

SADC Land and Water Applied Research Programme (8 ACP RAU 18)

Conservation and Development Opportunities from the Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity in theCommunal Lands of Southern Africa (ENV/1998/060-517)

Evidence of coordination (Committees, joint missions…):

n.a.


5. EC value added:

6. EC visibility:



It should be noted that the progress of implementation remained insufficient for most of the implementationperiod, and that successive JARs and MRs bear witness to a deteriorating trend (ratings for all five OECD-DAC criteria). This problem apparently could not be adequately resolved.


List of documents analysed : FA, PE, PS, MR, MTR, Final Evaluation Report (2009)

List of people met : DEC (Marc Thill), MoEWT (Edmont Moabi - Dep. PS, Trevor Mmopelwa – Dir. DWNP),DWNP (Moemi Batshabang - Asst. Dir.; Mr. Othusitse, Kosmos Rathipana – DWNP District Office Maun)




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6. Project name: Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre (environmental budget line)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: ENV/1998/054-131Sector: Natural Resources Management




1,509,600



1,509,600

Disbursed funds EUR

1,167,104


End date (planned /effective or likely): closed (2008)

Overall objective:

To develop an internationally recognised and regionally linked research centre which exists for the long-termconservation of the Okavango Delta and other natural resources in northern Botswana. This requires aregional approach involving the whole Okavango River Basin and neighbouring countries, with the aim todevelop communities that are using their natural resources in a sustainable way. To reach this goal thecentre will co-operate with other relevant institutions in the region and internationally, and function as a multi-disciplinary centre striving to integrate natural and social sciences.

Specific Project objective:

The Centre will function as research, monitoring and teaching facility addressing the Okavango River basin;and the ecology of the Delta, in particular the interaction between the Okavango Delta natural resources andthe communities that manage these resources.

Project purpose:

To enhance the understanding of the Okavango River basin, in particular the Okavango Delta andsurrounding areas

To explain the relationship between human activity and the functioning of those natural ecosystems

To initiate conflict resolution processes amongst stakeholders of the Okavango River basin and theDelta itself

To develop recommendations for both rural communities and the government on enhanced planningand management of natural resource use and economic and settlement activity in the Okavango RiverBasin

To investigate the needs - such as health, education and economy - of the population in the regionand produce recommendations on policies and programmes that will enhance local standards of living

To investigate historical, cultural and linguistic characteristics of the populations in order to determinethe interaction with the physical environment

To document information and knowledge of the Okavango River Basin

To monitor environmental, social and attitudinal change

To develop regional and citizen expertise with the ambition and ability to convey this mission andthese objectives into the future.


Co-ordinate and undertake research on sustainable and wise use of natural resources in the OkavangoRiver Basin, in particular the Okavango Delta, environmental and social monitoring, conservation outreachprogrammes, post graduate training of students from Botswana and the Region

Establishment of research programmes to address the specific objectives stated above. Joint co-operationbetween regional Universities/Institutions and European Institutions in conducting research to address thespecific objectives. Establishing links with European expertise and Universities to jointly undertake theresearch to address the specific objectives. Establishment of management plans for all ecosystems inNorthern Botswana in conjunction with European and International Universities and expertise.



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Expected outputs/outcomes according to indicators: Establishment of the Okavango Research Centre inMaun (University of Botswana, Maun Campus). Research and monitoring results will go into regionalmanagement and government decision making processes. Capacity building of local expertise.


Obtained outputs/outcomes / impacts:

Environmental Monitoring Laboratory supplied & operative

GIS Laboratory supplied & operative

Library supported (furniture, registrars, PC equipment); digitized annotated maps produced andpublished (Internet)

Herbarium equipment (plant-scanner) procured

Relevance and quality of design:

High relevance of applied research in terms of (i) ecosystem monitoring and provision of baseline data, (ii)investigation of up-stream development with a likely impact on ecological integrity of the Okavango Delta,(iii) assessment of socio-cultural characteristics (including traditional knowledge) related to the managementand use of natural resources in northern Botswana, (iv) support to evidence-based decision making andland-use conflict resolution.

Efficiency of implementation to date:Recurrent delays in implementation and procurement resulted in depreciation of funds, whose loss – despiteprolonged negotiations between KCS and DEC – was not fully compensated. Procurement of locallyproduced library furniture turned out to be problematic, due to low quality of the items supplied.Effectiveness to date:High effectiveness and high visibility of EC support. Environmental monitoring involves local communitiesand tour operators active in the Okavango Delta, capacity development for sample taking and participation ineco-monitoring. Economic studies aiming at systematic valuation of natural resources prepared, as an inputfor sector-policy development and management decision-making. Trans-boundary scenario assessmentsregarding likely impacts of water development plans in upstream areas, risk assessments prepared, policyadvice rendered. Assessment of industrial pollution (BCL mine, Selebi Phikwe, other research requestsreceived). HOORC Provision of GIS services to third parties, data shared with sector administrations andother stakeholders on a free-of-charge basis (including publication of annotated maps on the Internet).Impact to date:

HOORC fully operational for teaching and applied research purposes. Significant contributions to information& knowledge management and knowledge transfer to third parties. Significant contribution to systematicenvironmental monitoring as a decision-making tool. Use of research results and policy advice by sectoradministrations remains doubtful, though, due to lingering capacity deficits within MoA and MoEWT, andweak inter-agency coordination/cooperation on the partners’ side. Contributions to drafting of the OkavangoDelta Management Plan (multi-stakeholder participation).

Potential sustainability:High, demonstrated sustainability in terms of applied research and teaching.


HOORC increasingly provides research on demand, contemplates commercialization of applied researchservices. Operation of HOORC resulted in numerous follow-up interventions (EC support as well as otherdonors – CROSCOG, BIOKAVANGO, EDULINK, WERRD).


Immediate beneficiaries are students (under-graduate and post-graduate, Botswana/Region/international).Operation of HOORC aims to build professional capacities for NRM and sector-policy decision-making withinrelevant sector administrations. Research and extension activities indirectly benefit local communities andprivate sector operators (tourism, hunting).


n.a.


Ecosystem dynamics and water supply functions within the wider region. Land-use conflicts arising fromjuxtaposition of rangelands (livestock) and protected areas (wildlife). Environmental impacts and risksemanating from local and regional development undertakings.



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Consideration of HIV/AIDS aspects:

n.a.


n.a.


Relevance & Quality of Design: very good

Effectiveness: very good

Impact : very good

Sustainability: good

Efficiency: satisfactory

Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor). Good



All EC-supported NRM interventions (regional & national), as well as interventions aiming for increasedcommunity involvement in rural development and poverty alleviation.


BIOKAVANGO project (implemented by UNDP, funds channelled through GEF).


n.a.


Demonstrated input to the drafting of the Okavango Delta Management Plan.

Evidence of contradiction with EC/EU Policies:

n.a.

5. EC value added: Equipment support by EC highly appreciated, HOORC functions as a national/regionalprovider of up-to-date ecosystem information. Operation of HOORC may, provided that applied researchresults are more proactively used by sector administrations and policy decision-makers, compensate for theobvious weaknesses in terms of ecosystem monitoring and cross-sectoral, evidence-based managementplanning.

6. EC visibility: High visibility



HOORC represents an “island of excellence”, one whose contributions warrant more consideration and moreproactive utilization by relevant sector-administrations.


List of documents analysed : CRIS data, FA, Project Synopsis, contractual amendments, annual reports, MR02&03.

List of people met : Prof. Dr. Susan Ringrose, Prof. Dr. Moses Chimbari, Monica Morrison


n.a.



Page 155

7. Project name: SADC FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE PROJECT

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP SAD10Sector: Natural Resources Management

Intervention level or administrative region: South African Region



12,600,000

Revised allocation EUR(rider to FA)


n.a.

Disbursed funds EUR

n.a.


End date (planned /effective or likely): ongoing (referred for premature closure, Nov. 2009)


Overall objective: To “contribute to poverty reduction and foster economic growth and integration in theSADC region”.

Specific objective: To “reduce the spread of FMD and its negative impact on both livestock producers andintra/extra regional trade in livestock and livestock products”.

The project is expected to deliver the following results for the benefit of the target groups:Result 1: Reduced FMD occurrence in Zimbabwe border areas and other priority areas where FMD

outbreaks are linked/result to/from the Zimbabwe situationResult 2: SADC Region better equipped to prevent FMD spread.Result 3: SADC FMD Epidemiological Intelligence establishedResult 4: SADC region empowered to coordinate and implement progressive control and effective

prevention of FMD.Result 5: Competent authorities for export certification better skilled and equipped.

Major project activities:The project will assist affected SADC Member States in the planning, organization, implementation andmonitoring of FMD vaccination campaigns. Pre and post vaccination surveys will be undertaken as and whenrequired to monitor efficiency of the vaccination campaigns. The project will support animal movementscontrol to complement the activities under result one as success of the vaccination campaigns is conditionalon the control of animal movements (livestock and wildlife). It will enhance cooperation between veterinarydiagnostic laboratories in the region, in particular with reference to isolation and identification of FMD virusstrains entering and circulating in the region. This will lead to appropriate advice on the types of vaccines tobe used. Periodic livestock and wildlife serological surveys will be organized and a standardized system ofFMD epidemio-surveillance and reporting at national level will be fostered The regional empowerment onFMD will result from the development of regional guidelines on FMD control on the basis of the OIE AnimalHealth Code (i.e. training level, diagnostics, legislation, delivery system etc). It will be complemented byundertaking of studies on areas of regional interest. The project will also support efforts by the SADCSecretariat in developing a regional framework for the control of TADs. Major areas of deficiencies identifiedby the FVO report in relation to FMD will be addressed (i.e. review of legislation and regulations on livestocktraceability, veterinary drugs registration procedure, training of veterinary staff in export establishments,training on meat control supervision.Expected outputs/outcomes according to indicators:

Reduced FMD occurrence in Zimbabwe border areas and other priority areas where FMD outbreaks arelinked/result to the Zimbabwe situationSADC Region better equipped to prevent FMD spread.SADC FMD Epidemiological Intelligence establishedSADC region empowered to coordinate and implement progressive control and effective prevention of FMD.Competent authorities for export certification are better skilled and equipped.



Page 156



Relevance and quality of design:High relevance. SFMDP closely aligned with the SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan(RISDP), and anchored within the SADC Secretariat’s Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Directorate.Livestock production within Botswana and the wider region is critical for livelihood security, particularly ofeconomically disadvantaged rural populations threatened by poverty. SFMDP directly responds to diseasecontrol problems arising from the political instability in Zimbabwe, with high and obvious risks of FMDspreading southward across the region.Efficiency of implementation to date:Low efficiency. Significant underutilization of funds, arising from failure to procure vaccines and build cordonfences. Perceived problems in terms of reporting and monitoring, due in part to insufficiently specified OVIs(weak performance benchmarks prohibiting systematic assessment and quantification of outputs/outcomes).Evidence points to insufficient participation of local stakeholders in project design and implementation,resulting in deteriorating ownership and widespread disenchantment. Difficulties in mobilizing national partnercontributions by SADC member states.Effectiveness to date:Low effectiveness. Core assumptions regarding (i) the effectiveness of available vaccines, (ii) physicalseparation of wildlife and livestock, and (iii) control of wildlife movements across national borders provedinvalid. Benefits remain focused on national and regional stakeholders, with little or no provision of tangiblebenefits to rural/local stakeholders (communities and households). Provision of effective vaccines andbuilding of sanitary cordon fences did not materialize as expected. For lack of progress in terms of fence-building and vaccination, project remains forced to concentrate on ancillary measures (e.g. capacity building).Impact to date:Due to the project’s start in early 2007, observable impacts have not yet become manifest. Low efficiencyand effectiveness as well as the breakdown of core-assumptions nevertheless casts doubts on whether theproject will be able to yield the expected impact, as does the apparent underutilisation of funds. Very limitedimpact within Botswana, beyond the fact that BVI remains the sole supplier of FMD vaccines.Potential sustainability:Project support remains focused mainly on Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique. Other SADC memberstates are apparently less committed to the project. Whilst FMD represents a clear and present danger forBotswana’s livestock sector, the problem appears to be locally concentrated in the northern parts.Juxtaposition of FMD hotspots and protected areas/game reserves in northern Botswana results in lingeringland-use conflicts which cannot be addressed singlehandedly by the SFMDP. High regional variation in termsof institutional capacities exacerbates the problem. Widespread lack of awareness and insufficientparticipation on local levels (households, communities) casts doubts upon the project’s overall sustainability.


n.a.


SADC, national governments and sector administrations, local communities and households.

Consideration of Gender specific aspects in design and monitoring (If not yet mentioned above provideeventual results and impacts):Consideration of environmental aspects: Impact assessment of sanitary cordon fences undertaken (DFID,with EC support).


n.a.


n.a.


Relevance & Quality of Design: good

Effectiveness: poor

Impact : n.a., due to time elapsed since the project’s inception.




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Efficiency: poor




Promotion of Livestock Integration (PRINT) – supported by EC, mainly capacity building and training,Botswana hosted several training exercises as a “model country”.


Contribution Agreement with FAO within the Regional Animal Health Centre in Gaborone (Botswana). Case-based cooperation with further animal disease control/prevention projects in the SADC region (unspecified).


Priority area “Regional Integration and Trade” (EDF 9 RIP)


n.a.


n.a.

5. EC value added:

6. EC visibility: Low visibility within Botswana, according to resource persons’ accounts.



Project received a decidedly negative MTR, prompting its referral for premature closure. This decision is notshared by stakeholders in Botswana (MoA), on grounds that the project could still be reoriented andsalvaged. Resource persons expressed views that problems encountered with the provision of fully effectiveand cost-efficient vaccines could still be overcome.


List of documents analysed: MTR 2008

List of people met : DEC (Manfred Brandt, Mikael Melin, Lena Sund), MoA (Dr. Letshwenyo Dept. PSLivestock Services, Dres. Sehularo and Segarla Veterinary Services)




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8. Project name: IMPLEMENTATION AND COORDINATION OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH ANDTRAINING IN THE SADC REGION (ICART)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP SAD1Sector: Natural Resources Management




15,000,000



9,302,485

Disbursed funds EUR

4,201,113




The overall objective of the programme is to contribute to regional economic growth and poverty alleviationin the SADC region through innovative research and training activities for the improvement of smallholders’livelihoods. To contribute to regional economic growth and poverty alleviation by organizing, in the SADCregion, innovative research and training activities aimed at overcoming the constraints to achieving thesustainable use of natural resources through improved technologies and policies that will enable poorsmallholders to achieve resource

The purpose is to enable National Agricultural Research Systems in the SADC Member States to enhancetheir capacity to address common regional researchable constraints and opportunities in agriculture throughregional initiatives. The regional research programme of actions will enable NARS in the 14 SADC countriesto enhance their national efforts in order to improve incomes of small-scale farmers, processors, traders andother beneficiaries while maintaining the natural resource base. By addressing common regionalresearchable constraints and opportunities in agriculture, the programme will also improve the capacity ofNARS to manage regional initiatives, thereby making a major contribution to the long term sustainability ofregional research as well as making important inputs to the SADC rural development sector



Strengthen project management capacity SADC Member States consultation on national and regional research and development priority

areas. Maintain the management system to implement appropriate finance procedures to manage EDF

(disbursement and accountability). Plan and hold Stakeholder Assembly of project partners Hold annual meeting of Directors of Research, Deans of Faculties of Agriculture, Managers of

Agricultural Information and Managers of Regional Research Networks Implementation of the monitoring system for agricultural research and training projects. Develop a plan of action, based on the strategy for research network support in the SADC region Implement capacity building for networking through i.e. courses on project proposal writing,

networking and network & project management Assist with the organisation and implementation of network activities Monitor implementation of the seven grant-funded research projects according to agreed projects Maintenance of ICART information system components and their integration in the overall regional

Agricultural Information Management Systems (AIMS) system Capacity building and networking of information specialists.

Monitor the implementation of the four grant-funded training programmes of the Regional TrainingProgramme



Relevance and quality of design:Food security and agricultural production are high priorities in the Southern African Development Community(SADC) Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP). Cooperation in agricultural



Page 159

research is necessary to address the need for intensification of production to generate food surpluses andimprove rural livelihoods. National research facilities though, are generally limited and the availability oftrained research and extension staff inadequate. The overall objective (OO) is ‘to contribute to regionaleconomic growth and poverty alleviation through innovative research and training activities to overcomethe constraints to sustainable use of natural resources with improved technologies and policies that willenable resource-poor smallholders to achieve improvements in their livelihoods’. The project purpose (PP)is ‘to improve the capacity of National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) to manage researchnetworks, implement common research and develop regional opportunities addressing regional constraintsfor improving incomes of small-scale farmers and other end-users in the SADC region’. Theprogramme was designed to build upon networks and technical developments of a previous programme,the Southern African Centre for Cooperation in Agricultural Research (SACCAR), but this organization wasdisbanded and its systems lost, consequently the design has proved to be weak. Under ICART,agriculture includes crop production, animal husbandry, the sustainable exploitation of natural resources,policymaking, rural livelihoods etc. The project is relevant, target groups are appropriate and the Log-

Frame (LF), although reviewed in 2006, lacks specificity and quantification of OVI's.

Efficiency of implementation to date:The project was designed to last five years, yet few activities were undertaken during the start-up phasedue to delays in the establishment of the Project Co-ordination Unit (PCU), staff recruitment, restructuringof SADC and EC deconcentration. Consequently the project only really started in early 2006, the draftProgramme Estimate (PE) 2 document was adjusted accordingly and PE 3 will commence 01.04.07 andcontinue, at this stage, to 31/03/09. A new financing agreement is under preparation, which shouldovercome some of the difficulties encountered to date such as those related to replacement of staff recruitedunder direct contracts and the associated D + 3 difficulty. There are 6 result areas: i) to improvethe regional capacity of SADC to coordinate agricultural research and training; ii) Establish ResearchNetworks in accordance with the research priorities for the SADC region; iii) Improve performance of theregional agricultural research and training programme through the Competitive Fund System (CFS); iv)Provide competitively funded research projects to develop outputs for rural development needs; v)Establish an operating regional information system and vi) Strengthen the regional training capacity throughthe scholarship fund. To date 7 grant funded research projects have been approved, with some activitiescommenced under the Competitive Regional Agricultural Research Fund (CRARF). 4 RegionalTraining Programme (RTP) grants have been signed with African Universities who will develop trainingmaterials in the first year and provide MSc courses during the second and third years. National FocalPoints have been established in all countries to assist the PCU in communications and organizationalissues. The first steps have been taken to develop an electronic Information System. Networking activitiesare defined, identified and cooperation mechanisms have been developed between partners. The regionalconsortia have addressed regional research priorities through a demand-driven approach with priority givento address issues for small-scale farmers’ development. A Situation Analysis for AgriculturalResearch and Training in all 14 countries has commenced.Effectiveness to date:In spite of the late start, the calls for CRARF proposals have been effective and research initiated, but it isfar too early to be able to comment on effectiveness to date. The potential is high and a range ofparticipants contacted indicate that they have access to results, but how representative this selection isacross the region is questionable. It appears, not unusually, that it is the most advanced researchorganisations and groups that have won the competitive tenders. The sub-regional scholarship fund hasbeen established to strengthen the MSc programme and technical training capacity in agricultural andveterinary sectors, but again this is embryonic and cannot be commented upon yet in any quantifiablemanner; however one component addresses the Land and Water component that was abandoned by theLand & Water Management (L&WM) project.Impact to date:The potential impact is high and the assumptions at PP level are: 'governments of SADC countries remainfavourably disposed to regional co-operation in the agricultural sector'; and 'current trends for marketingand trade liberalisation maintained'. At this stage it looks as though these will continue to be favourableand that significant improvements to NAR's etc will take place, but it is far too early in the actual

implementational life-time of the project to comment further.

Potential sustainability:The programme is designed to enable NARS and other institutions in the SADC countries to enhance theirnational efforts in order to increase agricultural production, improve incomes of small-scale farmers,processors, traders and other beneficiaries while maintaining the natural resource base. By addressingcommon regional researchable constraints and opportunities in agriculture, the programme should also



Page 160

improve the capacity of NARS to manage regional initiatives. In so doing, the programme is expected tomake a major contribution to the long-term sustainability of regional research and make important inputs tothe SADC rural development sector. The project is based is SADC and a wide range of academicinstitutions around the region, so these should continue into the long term, but many lack capacity, financeand resources, therefore self-sustainability in the short to medium term is questionable. Beneficiaries at alllevels are expected to use the services etc after closure and all are involved in decision making through theSteering Committee, Stakeholder Assemblies and Co-ordination Meetings etc. The developed technologiestake into account the HIV/AIDS socio-economic impacts on agricultural production and productivity, as wellas the role of women farmers.








Relevance & Quality of Design:

Effectiveness: b

Impact : b

Sustainability: b

Efficiency: b

Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor).







5. EC value added:

6. EC visibility:



Although the project suffered a very slow start, it is now progressing well and has initiated a number ofrelevant activities. At this stage however, the appropriateness and equitability of research projectsawarded across the region and sectors is not clear, but should be clarified during the current situationanalysis. EC Delegation; PCU: i) Identify means to strengthen PCU and replacement of project coordinatorif this becomes necessary. ii) Consider means to extend TA contracts through the RegionalIntegration Capacity Building Programme. PCU: i) Following the Situation analysis, re-orient theprogramme to maximise efficiency and appropriateness of implementation. ii) Conceptualise databasedevelopment and develop strategy in collaboration with other projects, National Developments and ensuresynergy with other projects. iii) Revise log frame in the light of experience and include quantification andtime scales in OVI’s. iv) Develop detailed monthly work plans that lead step-wise through the results toPP. FANR: Consider establishing formal links with National Co-ordinator.



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9. Project name: 3RD MICROPROJECTS PROGRAMME

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 8 ACP BT4Sector: Community Development




2, 500,000


2, 312,727


2,348,428

Disbursed funds EUR

2, 074,889

Starting date (planned / actual) 05/2000

End date (planned /effective or likely): closed


Overall objective: “To improve living standards through the promotion of socio and economic integration andgreater self-reliance”.

Specific objective: “Establishment and support of social infrastructure and small enterprises by the provisionof supplies, equipment, and training for groups that need it”.



Through the funding of micro project activities, the following results will be realised: The provision of social infrastructure and equipment to target groups. The provision of training for these groups in order to enable them to better understand and

participate in social and economic activities. The support and creation of micro and small enterprises.



Relevance and quality of design:The project design built on two previous phases of the MPP. Its conceptual focus was without highly relevantin Botswana, given the rural population’s lingering dependency on government support as well as thepersistent weaknesses in community self-organization and civil-society participation. Even though the projectwas attached directly to the MoLG, mobilization of partner contributions and overall ownership remainednevertheless low and insufficient. Technical Assistance (TA) could only partly compensate for theseshortcomings. The original design did not include its own Logical Framework. Indicators, sources ofverification, risks and assumptions were not identified. The overall relevance and quality of design weresatisfactory/poor.Efficiency:Mobilisation of partner contributions remained slow and inefficient. Local Authorities (LA) did not becomeinvolved in the project process as planned. The TA office was situated within the MLG. The MPP outreachremained low, with isolated projects dispersed across the country. The (however slight) underutilization offunds raises doubts in regard to the MPP’s efficiency. Weak project management capacities of thebeneficiaries selected required continuous backstopping and TA involvement. Civil society itself provedweak and mostly unable to provide adequate backstopping.Effectiveness:MPP during its 3

rdphase resulted in the implementation of 32 projects in total. Available documentation

suggests that a majority of projects focused on provision of social infrastructure at community level, whileonly a minority addressed income generation and provision of direct benefits. According to resourcepersons’ accounts, projects mostly collapsed upon conclusion, due to lack of capacity and awarenessamong target groups & ultimate beneficiaries.



Page 162

Impact:The MPP’s overall impact reportedly was minimal, owing to both weak management and absorption capacityon local (target group) levels and insufficient ownership within MoLG, as well as the programmes widelydispersed character. M&E instruments and provisions within the project design (OVI in particular) werelacking, which fact – together with the programme’s broad scope – renders aggregate impact assessmentsvirtually impossible.Potential sustainability:Sustainability by all accounts was low, with most projects initiated under MPP 3 evaporating after the expiryof project support. Negative feedback and widespread disenchantment prompted the reorientation ofcommunity-development/civil-society support under successive EC-supported interventions (MoLG-DSS andNSA).


n.a.


Main target groups of the programme are rural dwellers, marginalized groups, women and youth.


Gender aspects were implicitly reflected in the implementation of MPP 3, although this is difficult to ascertainin the absence of a log-frame (see relevance/design).


A minor number of micro-projects initiated under MPP 3 focused on small-scale income generation based onthe use of natural resources (e.g. one project on paper-making from natural fibres, one project onhandicrafts). Such projects proved unable to compensate for the NRM-projects’ failure to promotecommunity development based on sustainable management and use of natural resources.


HIV/AIDS was implicitly reflected in the implementation of MPP 3, although this is difficult to ascertain in theabsence of a log-frame (see relevance/design).



Relevance & Quality of Design: satisfactory/poor

Effectiveness: satisfactory/poor

Impact : poor


Efficiency: satisfactory/poor








5. EC value added:

6. EC visibility:





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10. Project name: Strengthening the capacity for community development in the Ministry of LocalGovernment and Councils

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP BT 6Sector: Community Development




3,000,000



0

Disbursed funds EUR

0

Starting date (planned / actual) planned 2006, actual 2008

End date (planned /effective or likely): ongoing (planned 2011)


Overall objective

To reduce poverty and improve the livelihoods of the poor and disadvantaged sections of the population,including youth and women

Project purpose:

Capacity of MoLG (DSS) and Councils to promote community development and self-reliance Is strengthened


Assist the MoLG, Councils and other stakeholders to define their mission/mandate and develop anappropriate strategic/policy framework that will provide guidance to stakeholders involved incommunity development work, and clearly locate community development within the widerframework of GoB’s poverty reduction strategy, social services delivery and rural extension services.

Assist the ministry and councils to reformulate and roll out key intervention strategies andprogrammes aimed at implementing their community development mandate.

Assist the ministry (including DLGSM) and councils to enhance individual competencies andorganisational capabilities relating to community development work. Develop and implement a HRDstrategy that will include a review of job descriptions and staffing levels, and a training master plan.

Contribute to GoB’s wider efforts to strengthen its extension services and to partner with NSAs.


Result 1: The sector is guided by a clear mission, mandate and strategic framework that arecoherent with the wider policy context.

Result 2: Sector is supported by a set of reformulated, pilot-tested, mainstreamed interventionstrategies and programmes.

Result 3: Sector is supported by a long-term HRD strategy aimed at professionalising the communitydevelopment function.

Result 4: Sector capacity is reinforced through horizontal cooperation and collaboration andrevitalisation of integrated extension services.



Relevance and quality of design:Project reflects experience and lessons learnt from 3

rdphase MPP, notably the lack of impact and

sustainability due to weak and insufficiently coordinated institutional capacities on the local level, as well aslingering strategic inconsistencies on the national level (provision of social welfare vs. integrated communitydevelopment). Project is based on EDF 9 NIP non-focal activities, notably community-based initiatives andimprovement of rural livelihoods. MoLG-DSS in the past remained firmly focused on social-welfare issues,and lacked community-development/commercial expertise. Relevance is high, even though resourcepersons criticized project design as overly ambitious.Efficiency of implementation to date:Time elapsing between signature of FA and start of implementation as well as significant delays during first



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year of implementation meant growing pressure for the project’s operation (no cost-neutral extensionconsidered, despite requests). Mobilisation of partner contributions slow and insufficient (office space,transport), adding to the delays. Daily fee rates specified in service contracts reportedly are too low andhamper hiring of high-quality expertise. Pace of progress reportedly improved since end of 2008. Overallefficiency nevertheless warrants critical reflection.Effectiveness to date:Work on all result areas is currently underway, with expected outputs:

Strategic framework – 1st

draft expected by early October 2009 HRD strategy – baseline study/needs assessment expected by end of August 2009 Start of training measures plus identification of pilot projects (max. 6-10) to commence by October

2009GoB commitment/ownership hinges on willingness to replace social welfare staff with adequately skilledcommunity development experts.Impact to date:

Due to the project’s belated start, impact assessments must for the time being remain speculative.According to resource persons, replication of results (beyond strategic framework, HRD strategy and limitednumber of pilot projects) is doubtful.

Potential sustainability:High potential sustainability, provided that GoB commitments and partnership contributions are mobilized asexpected. Sustainability further depends on adequate coordination and realization of synergies vis-à-visNSA support programme. According to resource persons’ accounts, time pressure and resultant pace ofimplementation may overtax capacities of local level stakeholders.



MoLG-DSS and local councils.


Reflected and addressed in baseline/needs assessment (forthcoming)


Project design incorporates linkages to NRM support and environmental issues as a means of promotingsustainable livelihoods and contributing to (rural) poverty reduction.


Reflected as a cross-cutting issue within the project’s design.



Relevance & Quality of Design: good/satisfactory

Effectiveness: satisfactory

Impact : n.a.

Sustainability: n.a.


Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor). satisfactory



Non-State Actors Capacity Building Programme (9 ACP BT 7)

Wildlife Conservation and Management Programme (8 ACP BT 10; expired)

Regional Support for an expanded Response to HIV and AIDS in the SADC Region


United Nations Population Fund Fourth Country Programme (2003-2007)

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)



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Vertical Interrelations (RIP): See above


Regular coordination meetings of project staff with NSA Capacity Building Programme


5. EC value added: n.a.

6. EC visibility:

High visibility, as exemplified by improving working relations within MoLG-DSS



There seems to exist widespread uncertainty regarding the meaning of “community development”, anddifferent interpretations among various key-stakeholder groups. Given the persistent dominance ofgovernment agencies as drivers of development and providers of social services (also in the perception ofrural target groups), it seems debatable as to whether GoB policies and development priorities reallytranslate into commitment and ownership.


List of documents analysed : FA

List of people met : DEC (Marc Thill), Martin Byram (CTA project), MolG-DSS (Ms. Theron, Mr. Eliah), Mr.Atkinson (team leader MTR MoLG-DSS & NSA)

Other sources of information (observation, focus groups, …): n.a.



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11. Project name: NON STATE ACTORS CAPACITY BUILDING

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP BT 7Sector: Community Development




6,000,000



2,030,000

Disbursed funds EUR

2,030,000

Starting date (planned / actual) 2007, actual 01/2008



Overall objective: “to make the formulation and implementation of GoB policies, strategies and relatedprogrammes more responsive to the needs of the population, including the marginalised and disadvantagedsections of the population”.

Specific objective: “to enable NSAs to engage more effectively with government and donor agencies indevelopment processes”.


Technical assistance, capacity building, institutional support, networking in respect of the below listed fiveresult areas


Result 1: NSAs’ capacity to participate in policy planning and strategy development is improved

Result 2: NSAs’ skills in relation to good governance are improved

Result 3: NSAs’ skills related to project cycle are strengthened

Result 4: Civil Society Organisations are enabled to formulate and implement strategies for financialsustainability

Result 5: Networking capacity of NSAs is strengthened


Relevance and quality of design:Project design reflects experience and lessons learnt from the 3

rdphase of the MPP, especially in regard to

insufficient outreach and replication of MPP activities. Project responds to NSAs’ critical lack of institutionaland management capacity, with a view to fostering the NSAs’ absorption capacity and PCM skills andcapabilities. Project based on non-focal eligible measures under EDF 9 NIP, NDP 9 (2003-2009), Vision2016, and the GoB NGO-Policy (2004). Project complements support provided to MoLG-DSS. Relevance ishigh, but the concept of NSAs (including NGOs, CBOs, trade unions, and the private sector) may be toodiverse. According to resource persons’ accounts, disputes between contractor and DEC about whether ornot NSA should serve as a continuation/replacement of the MPP caused some friction, and added to delays.Efficiency of implementation to date:Project encountered significant delays, with almost two years elapsing between signature of FA (2006) andstart of implementation (January 2008). Further delays ensued due to belated establishment of the projectoffice and the need to replace project staff. First year of implementation was largely eaten up by preparatorywork, start-up activities, conceptual clarifications vis-à-vis DEC, and baseline studies. Preparation of start-upPE and PE2 was fraught with difficulties, and endorsement of PE2 was reportedly delayed by four months.Overall efficiency warrants critical reflection.Effectiveness to date:

Baseline study and needs assessment prepared March-September 2008

First call for proposals for small-grants programme launched in April 2009; funding decisions takentowards the end of June

Guidelines on large-grants programme prepared, call for proposals launched by end of June

Start-up trainings on PCM completed

Overall effectiveness negatively affected by recurrent delays and conceptual disputes, but by and large



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adequate.

Impact to date:

Due to the project’s recent start, impact assessments must remain speculative. Expected impacts focusedon capacity development of NSAs (small grants, PCM training) and operationalisation of development policygoals (large grants, HIV/AIDS mainstreaming, gender, economic diversification – microfinance, small-scaleinvestments). Very limited field-level impact across the country (at best). Parallel MTR with MoLG-DSSproject forthcoming.

Potential sustainability:Sustainability to a large extent depends on coordination and collaboration with MoLG-DSS project(willingness of local governments and councils to proactively engage NSAs in development). Potentialsustainability high in respect of large-grant projects, but low in respect of small grants (designed more as alearning exercise). Lingering conceptual weaknesses and uncertainties (too inclusive concept of NSAs)appears to weaken stakeholders’ ownership and willingness to cooperate.



NSAs (including NGOs, CBOs, trade unions, and the private sector)


Gender specific aspects as well as youths/disadvantaged groups explicitly reflected in project design(indicators for result-areas 4 & 5).


NSAs with an environmental focus are expected to benefit from the project’s implementation.


HIV/AIDS reflected in the project design (factors ensuring sustainability).



Relevance & Quality of Design: satisfactory

Effectiveness: satisfactory

Impact : n.a.

Sustainability: n.a.


Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor). satisfactory



Strengthening the capacity for community development in the Ministry of Local Governments andCouncils (9 ACP BT 6)

Past EC-supported NRM interventions (insofar as those addressed community development)


United Nations Population Fund (fourth country programme 2003-2007

GoB/UNICEF programme 2003-2007

GEF grant scheme for community/NGO projects in pursuit of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

Community Development Institutions Programme (African Development Foundation – ADF)

Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa Programme (capacitating NGOs for participation in theNEPAD)


See above (relevance)


Regular coordination meetings of project staff with the MoLG-DSS project (9 ACP BT 6)



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n.a.

5. EC value added: Due to the project’s recent start, assessments must remain speculative.

6. EC visibility: Due to the project’s recent start, assessments must remain speculative.




List of documents analysed : FA

List of people met : DEC (Marc Thill), MolG-DSS (Ms. Theron, Mr. Eliah), NSA-PIU (Mr. Mwale, Mr. Gadena,Ms. Koitsiwe, Mr. Chaponda), Mr. Atkinson (team leader MTR MoLG-DSS & NSA)




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Private Sector Development

12. Project name: Economic diversification of the mining sector

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 8 ACP BT13Sector: Private Sector Development



Initial allocation EUR(according to FA)30,000,000

31



29,691,774

Disbursed funds EUR

20,744,432Starting date (planned / actual) : 02/2004End date (planned /effective or likely): ongoing (intended closing 12/2009)

Project objectives (overall and specific): The overall objective is “to reduce Botswana’s economicdependency on diamonds, in an environmentally acceptable and sustainable manner, by strengthening thebase metal mining sub-sector, thereby permitting diversification of the local and regional economies ofSelebi Phikwe, and allowing the mining industry itself to rehabilitate the environmental damage resultingfrom mining operations. Existing employment will thus be preserved, new employment will be created andthe collapse of valuable physical, social, industrial and commercial infrastructure will be prevented”.

The project purpose is “to ensure that the operations of BCL (and hence of Tati) continue long enough topermit (a) further diversification of the economy of Selebi Phikwe; and (b) proving of further ore reserves byTati up to 300 million tonnes (i.e. a level sufficient to justify a major investment in lower-cost andenvironmentally cleaner hydro-metallurgical processing, in the event that current development work issuccessful)”.

Major project activities: Results and activities include drilling for exploration of new ore reserves at bothBCL and Tati mines, establishment of new mining sections at BCL, sustaining the efficient condition ofexisting metallurgical facilities and mining equipment, and making various recommendations / feasibilitystudies on operations at BCL and Tati (phasing-in of hydrometallurgical processing; environmentally soundplan for the closure of the mine), project management, co-ordination, evaluation and audit.


Established new ore reserves at BCL´s Selebi N and Tati´s Phoenix to extend their economic lives

Established new mining sections at the “Phikwe SE extension” and at Selebi N in order to replaceproduction from other depleted or less economic sections

Maintenance of an efficient and fully serviceable fleet of mining equipment – Improvement in thereliability and unit cost of operations a Selebi Mine

Detailed recommendations/feasibility studies to guide ongoing planning, integration andrationalisation of the operations of BCL and Tati, with respect of:

o efficient phasing-in of hydrometallurgical processing technology in the event that currentdevelopment work is successful

o efficient privatisation of housing and other facilities from BCL Ltd

o planning for the eventual closure of mining operations in an environmentally sound manner

o the completion of studies of appropriate environmental rehabilitation at the end of BCL´smine life

31 The mines were also supported under EDFG 6 and 7 so the total support received since 1992 amounts to 84 million Euros.



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Relevance and quality of design: The program has throughout its existence since the early 90’ties beenhighly relevant in economic and technical terms. It has been in full conformity with EC policies for Botswana,with Sysmin related policies and with GoB development policies. The program is also very relevant for thetarget groups which are the population in the area where the two mines are located, as it secures theemployment of important parts of the population in the area. Unfortunately the program has been preparedwithout a proper environmental impact assessment in spite emission levels for SO2 from the smelter appearto be many times higher than the European emission standards. The reason for this lack of attention to theenvironmental issues has apparently been, that the mines in first instance were expected to close, and in thelast phase that it was expected to introduce an alternative and cleaner production method. The alternativeproduction method has however until now shown to be non viable and the pollution have continued and thelifetime of the mines is now extended to 2020. In the design and implementation of the program little or noattention was also paid to participation of the local community and the local government. That has negativelyaffected their possibilities to protect their rights against the severe pollution caused by the smelter. Initiallythe program focused more on economic diversification within the mining sector, i.e. away from diamonds,but since the midterm review of the last support the program has started to include economic diversificationoutside the mining sector. Earlier however other support (WB) was aimed at supporting broader economicdiversification. The programme has also since the midterm review focused more on solving theenvironmental problems caused by the continuous and extended operations of the mines. HIV/AIDS has notbeen part of the project design, but in the case of BCL, the enterprise has had what by observers has beencharacterized as a very adequate prevention program.Efficiency of implementation to date: The program appears to have been managed efficiently although asthe mine management mentions, EC procedures have been cumbersome and lengthy. Activities have beenbehind schedule but are eventually being implemented and the desired output has at the end beenproduced. The project management has with TA support kept a well developed work plan which has beenrigorously monitored, and the TA has facilitated the implementation of necessary heavy procurementprocedures. The partner ownership and contribution to the programme has also functioned well. Thepartners have kept the mine open partly due to the confidence the EC support has provided, in spite the ECsupport has been relatively limited taken into account the overall size of the operations of the mines and thedeficit financed by the government.Effectiveness to date: The programme has to a large extent achieved its expected results, primarily theones related to prospection for additional mineral resources and to the technical operations of the mines. Infact the extension of the lifetime of the mines by far exceeded expectations. Work on environmental issueshas started late in the project cycle and is only now at the end of the program really advancing. Theindicators established for the projects were in fact mainly input and output indicators and little has been doneto follow outcome indicators.Impact to date: The main objective of the project which was to extend the lifetime of the mines tostrengthen the base metals sub sector and diversify from the dependency on diamonds has been achievedand the preservation of jobs and creation of additional jobs has also to some extent been achieved, Theeconomic diversification outside the mining sector has proven difficult but work has new been reassumedwith more perspectives. The environmental rehabilitation is at this stage still only being planned. Little has inpractice been done to establish indicators for the outcomes or to monitor the development in relevantindicators, i.e. employment indicators.Potential sustainability: The project and the mining companies today have a good chance to beeconomically and financially viable and sustainable partly due to the project support partly due to the supportreceived by GoB and creditors who have written of nearly a billion USD in old debt. The sustainabilitydepends however much on the international prices for copper and nickel and after 2020 on the ability of thecompany management to obtain work for the smelter from other mining operations. The main issueregarding sustainability is however the environmental problems created by the emissions from the smelter.The emissions are of a non sustainable nature and urgent solutions are needed both to avoid the continuousthreat to the health of the local population and for any economic diversification initiative to be successful.

Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant): Environmental, participation and HIV issues havebeen discussed above. Gender issues have not been given special attention in connection with projectdesign and implementation.



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Relevance & Quality of Design: Good but poor with regard to environmental impact assessment andparticipation issues.

Efficiency: Satisfactory

Effectiveness: Satisfactory

Impact: Good but poor related to the environment.

Sustainability: Satisfactory and poor with regards to the environment.

Overall Scoring. Good but poor related to environment and cross cutting issues in general.


Horizontal Interrelations (with other EC programmes, Stabex, Flex, budget lines, ECHO or EIB interventions:Coherence with Sysmin objectives.

Linkage/cofinancing with Member State programmes / other donors: There has been links to KFW, but itseems not to have been followed by the project, as it has not directly affected the project activities.


Evidence of coordination (Committees, joint missions…): Good coordination with GOB. Other donors n.a.

Evidence of contradiction with EC/EU Policies: There would seem to be contradiction with environmentalpolicies.

5. EC value added: EC support has been essential to keep the BCL operating since the mid nineties, and ithas secured the basis for expansion and continued operation of the Tati mine, thereby securing thatBotswana’s third largest town do not convert to a ghost town.

6. EC visibility: Visibility has been and continues to be high. EC support is very much appreciated.




Lists of documents analysed and people met: Re: list of general evaluation

Sources of information: Interviews with target group representatives, mine management, local government,TA, ECD and central ministries.



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Regional Integration and Trade

13. Project name: SUPPORT TO THE SADC REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND THE MULTILATERALTRADING SYSTEM (UNCTAD - Trade in Services)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP SAD4Sector: Regional Integration and Trade

Intervention level or administrative region: Southern African Region



1, 090,000



1, 090,000

Disbursed funds EUR

959,800


End date (planned /effective or likely): implementation ended early 2008.

Project objectives and results: Overall Objectives The objective of this project was to provide technicalassistance in institution- and capacity-building to the SADC secretariat, the SADC negotiating machineryand SADC government officials in initiating and conducting negotiations on trade in services for the buildingof a coherent and mutually supportive approach for the SADC region in regional, interregional andmultilateral trade negotiations. Project purpose

a) To strengthen the institutional and human resources capacity of the SADC secretariat in the area oftrade policy and research, trade policy formulation, trade negotiations in services and provide backstoppingduring SADC intergovernmental meetings and negotiations;b) To increase interregional trade in services by supporting and enabling SADC member States toconduct negotiations on trade in services; andc) To assist the SADC secretariat, SADC negotiators and policy-makers through research, training andtechnical assistance, to participate as effectively as possible in the WTO negotiations on trade in services.

Expected results

a) A better understanding of the commitments and the necessary actions to be undertaken toimplement the goals and objectives contained in the Annex on trade in services;b) An increased ability to assess the range of options and possible strategies to be considered in orderto achieve a coordinated SADC negotiating position at WTO level and the development of a proactiveapproach at sub-regional level to formulate negotiating objectives concerning existing and forthcoming tradearrangements; andc) An enhanced capacity of the SADC negotiating machinery to carry out negotiations in trade inservices and progress towards the implementation of the Annex on trade in services to the Protocol ontrade.


a) Organization of national and regional brainstorming workshops/seminars in cooperation with the SADCSecretariat, to address selected regional and WTO services issues;

b) Assistance in the preparation of schedules and preparation of ad hoc working materials, studies andadvisory memoranda, to address specific issues and problems identified during the negotiations;

c) Preparation and implementation of advisory missions of UNCTAD staff and international experts to assistthe SADC secretariat and SADC member States address technical issues arising from trade negotiations inservices

d) Preparation of ad hoc working materials, studies and advisory memoranda, to address specific issues andproblems identified during negotiations;

e) Provision of advisory support to SADC countries on GATS negotiations and on intra-regional liberalizationon trade in services, identifying sectoral studies for the formulation of sound policies and coherentnegotiating positions for SADC vis-à-vis WTO and sub-regional trade negotiations in services.



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Relevance and quality of design:The project provided technical assistance in institution and capacity building to the Botswana governmentofficials, the SADC (Southern African Development Community) Secretariat and the SADC negotiatingmachinery in order to cope with the trade negotiations in services that are taking place within the SADCregion, as well as between the SADC countries and the WTO and a group of SADC countries and the EU,with a view to concluding an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). This is a very relevant project as ithelps the countries, which are lacking this capacity, to conduct sound negotiations and implementdecisions taken at political level and aiming at greater liberalisation in the trade of services within theregion as well as at the multilateral level. The relevance increases as the achievement of a moreliberalised regional market in services is expected to lead to better infrastructure services, improvedbusiness environment and increased competitiveness of the Botswana economy. This is particularly truefor a country with a small size market like Botswana.

Efficiency of implementation:Although the Financing Agreement was signed in July 2004, the Contribution Agreement with UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development), the project implementing organisation, wassigned at the end of February 2005 and the first action of the project took place in September 2005 withthe first regional meeting under the project of the SADC Trade Negotiating Forum (TNF) on services.These delays can only partly be explained by the busy schedules of the SADC Secretariat, the WorldTrade Organisation (WTO) preparations for the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference and the elections inMauritius, which had the SADC chair at the time. Other problems as problems of recruiting adequateconsultants and the fact that some activities should be requested by member states and information inmember states administration to this regard was limited. Altogether however the Botswana authoritiesconfirm that the support has been reasonably easy to access.Effectiveness to date:As a result of the project, the Botswana international trade officials are now better informed about trade inservices, its development impact and the multilateral trade negotiations. The project has also helped inimproving the understanding among the different Ministries related to the priority sectors on whichNegotiations are currently concentrating. The country officials in Gaborone and in Geneva have been helpedby the project in formulating their position in the WTO negotiations. The project has also assisted inproviding the draft SADC protocol on trade in services.Impact to date:There is no impact yet on liberalising trade in services in the SADC region according to WTOcommitments. It is still too early for such an impact to be realised. However, the potential exists. Botswanastands to benefit from liberalising trade in services in the SADC region, as this will enable the creation ofan improved business environment capable of attracting foreign investors. The size of the domestic marketalso favours liberalisation. More benefits are expected to come for Botswana when negotiations include

other sectors also, like health and education services on which Botswana may have an advantage.

Potential sustainability:A lot needs be done for an adequate capacity to be built so that the country and the region can move ontheir own trade negotiations-related issues in the future. The capacity building process at country levellooks more promising. A department of international trade has been established by the government, itshuman resources are being upgraded by the project, local consultants will be used andacademics/research institutions are expected to be involved before the end of the project. The governmentalready covers the expenses of its participants to the TNF meetings and plans to send one more delegateto its Geneva-based delegation.


Beneficiaries (quality and eventually number): n.a.

Consideration of Gender specific aspects in design and monitoring (If not yet mentioned above provideeventual results and impacts): n.a

Consideration of environmental aspects: n.a


Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant): n.a.



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Effectiveness: b

Impact : b

Sustainability: b

Efficiency: b



Horizontal Interrelations (with other EC programmes, Stabex, Flex, budget lines, ECHO or EIB interventions:In full harmony with other EC policies, hereunder trade policies.

Linkage/cofinancing with Member State programmes / other donors: n.a. in relation to the bilateral aspecthere analysed.



Evidence of contradiction with EC/EU Policies: none

5. EC value added: Although of limited amount this has been a very important and appreciated support.

6. EC visibility: Relatively high in the professional circles concerned.

7. Lessons learnt and other observations remarks (if relevant): The project is important and should befollowed up with a continuation.

One observation is that national official interviewed and evaluations consider the project important andsuccessful while the ECTA from other trade related projects in the SADC secretariat and the staff of the ECDconsiders the project of limited scope and the TA of low level. It could be useful to clarify why thesedifferences of opinion exists if the project is to continue.


List of documents analysed : Se general evaluation

List of people met: TA staff from other trade related projects at the SADC secretariat, Ministry of Tradeofficials, END, DELIA staff.

Other sources of information (observation, focus groups, …): Focus group discussion related to economicdiversification and trade in general.



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14. Project name: ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (EPA) SUPPORT FACILITY

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP SAD6Sector: Regional Integration and Trade

Intervention level or administrative region: Southern African Region



6,500,000



5,982,240

Disbursed funds EUR

4,604,109


End date (planned /effective or likely): ongoing (intended closing 02/2012, operation phase finishes 2/2010).Present TA finalizing 2009.


Overall objective of the project:The integration of SADC Member States into the world economy and poverty reduction through sustainableeconomic growth.

Project purpose:Strengthen the capacity of the SADC Secretariat and of SADC EPA Member States to participate moreeffectively in the EPA negotiations with the EC and to design and implement trade and development policiesunder the EPA and other trade arrangements.

Expected results:

1. Effective functioning and coordination of the SADC EPA negotiating structure2. Capacity building for the SADC Secretariat and SADC EPA Member States on trade policy issues3. Active involvement of relevant public and private stakeholders in the EPA process as well as sensitisationof the public at large about trade agreements

4. Linkage between trade and development strengthened through support and follow-up to the work of theRegional Preparatory Task Force (RPTF)


Relevance and quality of design: The design appears to have been and continues to be relevant seen in thecontext of the need for support for Botswana. Re. Further different ROM reports.

Efficiency of implementation to date:

The Botswana authorities and institutions reports that the program has been efficiently implemented as whatconcerns them. Assistance to participating in trainings meetings and conferences has been provided withoutmajor difficulties, in adequate amounts and in a timely manner.

Effectiveness to date:

As for the Botswana side, the expected results have generally been achieved, except for involvement ofprivate stakeholders where participation has reported to be relatively poor. Results related to link betweentrade and development linkages were not reported, maybe because it has les relevance for Botswana. Themain result of the support has been the recent signing of the EPA agreement on trade by Botswana.

Impact to date:

The overall objective of promoting economic growth and integration into the world economy of ACP Statesremains valid also for Botswana and the EPA support has addressed this. The main impact alreadyachieved has been the continued free access for Botswana’s beef exports to Europe. Prospective impactsfrom the trade integration over the long run are substantial according to measurements of opinion fromprivate sector and independent stakeholders.

Potential sustainability:

This is more an issue for the SADC secretariat. For Botswana the support received has been important andgovernment and other stakeholders have been strengthened, which is sustainable provided there is areasonable turn over of staff in relevant institutions, which seems to be the case here.



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Consideration of Gender specific aspects in design and monitoring (If not yet mentioned above provideeventual results and impacts): n.a.

Consideration of environmental aspects: n.a.


Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant): The regional integration and improvement in traderelations is important for governance in the longer term perspective.

3. Scoring and explanatory comment. (very good, good, satisfactory, poor)32


Effectiveness: b

Impact : b

Sustainability: b

Efficiency: b



Horizontal Interrelations (with other EC programmes, Stabex, Flex, budget lines, ECHO or EIB interventions:Fully coherent with relevant other interventions.

Linkage/cofinancing with Member State programmes / other donors: none




5. EC value added: The support has according to the authorities made a real difference for the nationalinstitutions capacity to participate in trade negotiations in adequate numbers and in an informed manner.

6. EC visibility: Relatively high in relevant circles.

7. Lessons learnt and other observations remarks (if relevant):

Considered an important support which should be continued in subsequent phases of the negotiations. Morework may be done with NSA participants.


List of documents analysed : see general list of literature for Botswana evaluation

List of people met : TA SADC secretariat, ECD, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Finance, NSA from privatesector. See further general list of people met from Botswana evaluation.

Other sources of information (observation, focus groups, …): Discussed in private sector developmentrelated focus group.

32 The grading here inserted relates to the situation seen from the point of view of Botswana and what it has received.



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Public Sector Reform

15. Project name: GENERAL T.A. FOR SUPPORT TO TAX ADMINISTRATION REFORM (BURS) (Before the present program, support to the establishment of the VAT system was efficientlyimplemented and highly appreciated.)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP BT2 and subsequent use of framework contracts under the TCFarrangement.Sector: Public sector reform


EC allocations and disbursements33


600,502



553,172

Disbursed funds EUR

526,528


End date (planned /effective or likely): initial TA support implementation phase closed 2008. Support via TCF ongoing.


The overall objective is not stated, but is understood to be the improvement in the efficiency andeffectiveness of the revenue administration and increase in non mining related revenues to secure adequatefinancing of public services with a view to poverty reduction

The specific objective of the initial LT TA was to assist in the pre- and post launch arrangements for asuccessful launch of the Botswana Unified Revenue Services (BURS) during 2004 and its smooth operationfrom the onset.Expected results were that the BURS will at the end of the project would have:- Appropriate structures, full compliment of staff and a HRD plan;- Basic facilities/assets transferred from DoT/DCE to the BURS and a procurement plan for urgent needs;- Management and operation systems in place (financial/budgeting, financial procedures/regulations, IT).


The law establishing the BURS was passed by Parliament in March 2004 and preparation arrangementsmade to launch the BURS mid 2004. A suitable candidate for the position of Adviser to the Commissioner-General was identified in December 2004 and recruitment procedures were completed early 2005, with thefielding of the expert for an initial period of 2 years from April 2005, later extended for one.The project provided also for some short-term consultancies, limited equipment and training costs.Unfortunately, only two short-term experts (IT and HRD/organisational structure) were contracted inNovember 2006 just before the D+3The TA was extended for another 3 weeks until end June 2008 to ensure the good implementation ofadditional short-term TA procured under the TCF to undertake a review of BURS Financing Arrangements, aTaxpayer survey and a Training Needs Analysis.The Project ended with a debriefing Meeting with the Minister of Finance and Development Planning. A FinalEvaluation is planned in 2009.

Expected outputs/outcomes according to indicators: Only input/output targets were established. No numericindicators.


Relevance and quality of design: The design appears to be adequate in general although it would havebenefitted of a better definition of objectives and indicators.Efficiency of implementation to date: The TA has brought significant support to BURS' activities and policiesin HRD, IT, Finance and Communication

33 Relates only to the first LT TA arrangements. Combined with the later ST assistance the support is estimated to be in rangeof 1 million Euros all together.



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Effectiveness to date: Because of lengthy approval and TA recruitment process initially, at the time the TAwas fielded the BURS had been enacted. The project focus has therefore more been on implementation ofthe BURS rather than pre-launch arrangements. ToRs of the TA have been modified accordingly. The laterrecruitment of ST TA under framework contracts is reported to have functioned efficiently. The quality of TAhas been highly appreciated. Outputs are reported to have been delivered and results achieved according torevised time schedules.Impact to date: The continues support from VAT over the establishment of B|URS to specific areas underframework contracts is by BURS management reported to have been important for organizing the VATsystem, BURS and it is considered an important contributing factor in the documented increase in revenuesin general and the increase in non mining incomes in particular.Potential sustainability: Sustainability is good. BURS is an increasingly professional institution which at thisstage only need specific and limited TA to function and further improve performance. the financingarrangement for BURS is being reviewed.

Unexpected outcome/impact: not reported.


Consideration of Gender specific aspects in design and monitoring (If not yet mentioned above provideeventual results and impacts): n.a.

Consideration of environmental aspects: n.a.


Consideration of other cross cutting issues (if relevant): Governance issues addressed through the supportto a better organized tax. System. User survey important in this regards. Results positive.


Relevance & Quality of Design: s

Effectiveness: s

Impact : g.

Sustainability: g

Efficiency: s

Overall Scoring (very good, good, satisfactory, poor). g



Linkage/co financing with Member State programmes / other donors: In harmony with other interventionsand supporting overall development goal.


Evidence of coordination (Committees, joint missions…): Coordination between involved parties hasfunctioned well.

Evidence of contradiction with EC/EU Policies: none

5. EC value added: A very important input where high level TA has been crucial.

6. EC visibility: High in relevant professional circles.

7. Lessons learnt and other observations remarks (if relevant): ST TA for specific areas based on theTCF has shown cost efficient and rather productive.


List of documents analysed : Re general list evaluation study

List of people met : General manager and head of planning, BURS.

Other sources of information (observation, focus groups, …): none.



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Technical Cooperation facilities

16. Project name: Technical Cooperation facilities (TCF I et TCF II)

1. Project Data

Financing source and Project number: 9 ACP BT3Sector: Multi purpose instrument




I: 1,385,000II: 2,500,000



I: 1,369,679II: 766,865

Disbursed funds EUR

I: 1,217,911II: 439,784

Starting date (planned / actual): TCF I: 04/2005; TCF II: 10/2007

End date (planned /effective or likely):

TCFI: ongoing (intended closing 12/2010); TCF II: ongoing (intended closing 12/2013)


The overall objectives of the proposed programme are:

A. The successful implementation of the Government’s Development Strategy through the support ofsound development programmes financed from the European Development Fund (EDF).

B. The fostering of a more coherent and informed approach to development and trade issues.

Project PurposeThe project purpose is the identification and successful implementation of actions under the NationalIndicative Programme (NIP) and other EDF funds together with improved awareness among key actors in thecountry of general development and trade issues and of EU policies in these areas by means of training forbeneficiaries in Botswana.


TCF I:

Development of a database for development/cooperating partners

Preparation for EDF 10 programming has started and hence the need to have several stakeholdersconsultative workshops during the year.

Three studies are envisaged to funded under this programme:

– Study on “Corruption in Botswana: Examining the causes, costs and consequences”:-

– Study on “The impact and sustainability of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with theEuropean Union (EU)”:-

– Consultancy on “Procurement policy and institutional advice

Audit of the PE after the end of its validity period

TCF II:

Short-term studies, technical assistance and programme-related training activities. These will beconducted in the priority sectors of the NIP, namely in Human Resource development and in the non-focal sectors of the NIP, namely the empowerment of civil society and various other fields, forexample, trade, employment, private sector development, economic diversification, statisticscapacity, poverty monitoring, environment, health etc.

Conferences and seminars organised in the ACP countries on EC development and trade prioritiesand procedures.

Participation in training activities organised by other bodies on development and trade issues.


Identification of programmes to be financed from the EDF. Approximately 2 such exercises will becompleted during the project period.



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Formulation and preparation of programmes to be supported from the EDF. Tentatively 3 suchexercises will be completed during the project period.

The NAO’s Office, the Ministries and/or Agencies concerned will be enabled to maintain

satisfactory implementation and monitoring (including tendering procedures) of ongoing projects –where this cannot be provided for in the projects themselves or other projects.

Audits and evaluations will be financed through this initiative whenever they cannot be financed outof the project itself or where it is convenient or efficient to combine a number of audits/evaluations ofrelated interventions.

Increased understanding of development and trade issues by key actors – to this end approximately4 conferences and seminars will have been organised in Botswana or in the region and a further 20(approximately) ACP participants will have been financed in conferences, seminars etc. organised bybodies other than the Commission.


1. Short-term studies, technical assistance and programme-related training activities. These will beconducted in the priority sectors of the NIP, namely in Human Resource development and in thenon-focal sectors of the NIP, namely the empowerment of civil society and various other fields, forexample, trade, employment, private sector development, economic diversification, statisticscapacity, poverty monitoring, environment, health etc.

2. Conferences and seminars organised in the ACP countries on EC development and trade prioritiesand procedures.

3. Participation in training activities organised by other bodies on development and trade issues.


Firstly, there are the commitments of resources available under the NIP, which will involve the successfulidentification, formulation, implementation and evaluation of actions in the programme. Secondly, there arethe evaluation reports of participants on training activities attended, records of attendance at seminars andconferences. Finally, there is the relevance and impact of individual specific inputs to the Botswanadevelopment strategy.

The project will produce the following results:EDF II:

Successful identification of programmes to be supported under the NIP Successful formulation and preparation of programmes to be supported under the NIP Assistance in policy making and implementation as well as support in tender processes including

tender evaluations. Carrying out of audits and evaluations whenever they cannot be financed out of the project itself or

where it s convenient or efficient to combine a number of audits/evaluations of related interventions.This initiative will also support monitoring.

Increased understanding of development and trade issues by key sectors.



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ANNEX 13 EDUCATION & TRAINING SPSP – INDICATORS

Education and Training Sector Policy Support Programme(EDF9)

Overview on the development of Indicators for the Monitoring of BudgetSupport

1. FA signed 22.2.2006

2. Excerpt from Joint Annual Appraisal of October 2006

3. Excerpt from Rider No. 1


5. Excerpt from Rider No. 2




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1. Indicators as presented in the Financial Agreement (signed 22.2.2006)



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2. Results of the Joint Annual Appraisal (October/November 2006)

Indicator(weight in disbursement in brackets for tranche 2)

Achieved/Partially Achieved/Not Achieved

RecommendedWeight

towards theDisbursement

1. A favourable sustainability ratio of 1 or below inprevious year’s budget revised estimate (2005 -2006).

(15%)

Achieved: The sustainability ratio for therevised budget estimate for 2005/2006 was0.77 which achieves the target set fortranche 2.

15%

2. Better targeting of needs and priorities and moreeffective allocation of financial resources: GoBundertakes an Education Public ExpenditureReview (EPER) and the MFDP/MoE makerelevant decisions in relation to its findings.

(6%)

Achieved: The Tender for the Study waslaunched on the 6th October 2006 whichachieves the target set for tranche 2.

6%

3. More efficient management of resources:Following the recommendations of anOrganisation and Management (O&M) reviewof the Ministry of Education, decisions will bemade and implemented

.(3%)

Achieved: The O & M report was adoptedby the MOE in July 2006.

3%

4. Adoption by Government of a Human ResourcesDevelopment Strategy, reflecting equalopportunities, to use Government resourcesmore efficiently and to avoid fragmentation andduplication

(2%)

Achieved: The Inception report for theNational HRD Strategy was approved inAugust 2006.

2%

5. Implementation of an effective EducationManagement Information System (EMIS)

(6%)

Partially Achieved:i) Training for all 19 local staff in the

IT Unit have been either upgradedfrom Diploma to degree level orhave received professional trainingin IT personnel has taken place andis on-going;

ii) the incorporation of the SASMsituation analysis has not beencompleted;

iii) Inception report based on theimplementation experience of EMISto date has been prepared (AppendixI).

3%

6. Following a review of its extent and nature, theapparent lack of resources, such asinfrastructures (school classes in particular) andothers (human, equipment, learning materialssuch as text books, etc) including training forthe first and second levels, is redressed throughan action plan which prioritises areas currentlyin greatest need

(2%)

Achieved: The Final report was presentedby the Team (Appendix II) to the PermanentSecretary, MOE and Local Government inAugust 2006.

2%

7. Annual increase of 1.0% in Net Enrolment Rate6-12 years old in primary education (O/O).

(9%)

Achieved: NER for 2003 is 90% (Target90%)

9%

8. Annual increase of 2% in TVET enrolment(O/O).

(8%)

Achieved: There were 11,133 studentsenrolled in the TVET sector in 2003 (Target11,100)

8%

9. A new Basic Skills Programme is developed andimplemented, allowing for the social inclusionof citizens with no qualifications.

(8%)

NOT applicable until Tranche 3.



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Indicator(weight in disbursement in brackets for tranche 2)

Achieved/Partially Achieved/Not Achieved

RecommendedWeight

towards theDisbursement

10. The net dropout rate at primary level (O/O)should remain at a maximum of 1% in each year.

(9%)

Achieved: The drop out rate in 2003 was0.88%

9%

11. The net dropout rate at secondary level (O/O)should remain at a maximum of 2% in each year.

(9%)

Achieved: The net dropout rate in 2003 atsecondary level was 2.01%.

9%

12. Increase the enrolment of female students acrossTVET by 2% per year..

(8%)

Partially Achieved: CSO statistics for 2003indicate A 38.18% enrolment rate of femalestudents while unofficial MOE data presentsa rate of 39.71% (Target 40%).

4%

13. Increased opportunities in TVET for studentswith learning difficulties.

(8%)Not applicable until Tranche 3.

14. Adoption of a National QualificationsFramework (NQF)

(2%)

Achieved: The NQF Inception Report wassubmitted mid-April 2006.

2%

15. Establishment of a new inspectorate framework(2%)

Achieved: An Action Plan for theimplementation of the recommendations toestablish a new Inspectorate Framework hasbeen adopted

2%

16. Annual increase of 1% in the proportioncandidates achieving grades A-C at PSLE(O/O).

(5%)

Not Achieved: In 2005 the number ofcandidates achieving grades A – C was79%, which is below the 82% target set for2005

0%

17. No increase in the proportion of pupils notpresent for examination and those receiving anunclassified grade at PSLE.

(7%)

Achieved: 6.14% of the Standard 7enrolment were not present for their PSLEin 2005 which is lower than the baselinetarget of 7%.

7%

18. No decrease in the proportion of grades A-C atBGCSE

(5%)

Achieved: Number of candidates achievinggrades A* - C in 2005 for all BGCSEsubjects was 41.5%.

5%

19. Increase in completion rate at CTVE (0/0) by5% over two cycles.

(9%)Not applicable until Tranche 4.

20. Effective provision and integration ofHIV/AIDS awareness in curriculaprovided at primary and secondary levels

(2%)

Achieved: All school and collegeHIV/AIDS coordinators trained in a varietyof curriculum initiatives aimed at theprovision and integration of HIV/AIDSawareness.

2%

Total Disbursement 88%



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1. Excerpt from Rider No. 1:

Annexe D – IndicatorsI. Introduction

The 1st paragraph is modified to read as follows:“• The indidcators utilised to monitor the E&T SPSP consist of a mix of:

- process indicators (accounting for 100%, 40%, 40% and 23% of the disbursement of the

annual tranches 1 to 4 of budgetary support respectively);

- output/outcome indicators (marked “O/O” below, accounting for 60%, 60% and 77% of the

disbursement of the annual tranches 1 to 4 of budgetary support respectively); and

- 1 specific process inidicator (Indicator 21), linked to tranche 3&4 with a specific amount as

defined in B.1 hereunder.”

II. Indicators and weights in disbursements corresponding to the various results of the

E&T SPSP

B.1. AccessThe following text and table are added after Indicator 13 (before Section B.2):“21. Adoption and intial implemetation by Government of i) a National Language Policy

and ii) a Policy of Special Educational need, to improve access and equity forvulnerable and disadvantaged groups

Tranche 3

Time of assessment (MM/YY) 08/2007

Targets to achieve

i. High level Committee to oversee thedevelopment of National Language Policyestablished. ToRs, work plan and studiesagreed, resourced and in progress

ii. High level Committee to verse thedevelopment of National Language Policyestablished. ToRs, work plan and studiesagreed, resourced and in progress

Weight in disbursement 200 000 Euro

Tranche 4

Time of assessment (MM/YY) 08/2008

Targets to achieve

i. Language Policy and Implementation Plan,including timeframe, human and financialresources under active consideration by GoB

ii. Inclusive Education Policy andImplementation Plan, including timeframe,human and financial resources under activeconsideration by GoB

Weight in disbursement 748 000 Euro

(*) Lump Sum topping up the reference amount of tranches 3&4”

a) The Level of achievement of the target for Indicator 21 will trigger the release of aproprtional disbursement of 200,000 Euro topping up the reference amount of Tranche 3(€11 million).

b) The level of achievement of the target for Indicator 21 will trigger the release of aproprtional disbursement of 748,000 Euro topping up the reference amount of Tranche 4(€11 million).”



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2. Results of the Joint Annual Appraisal (October 2007)Indicator %

weight%

ass’tachievement

1 A favourable sustainability ratio of 1 or below

in previous year’s budget revised estimate

(2006-2007).

15 15 Achieved. The sustainability ratio for the revisedbudget estimates for 2006.7 was 0.68.

2 Recommendations of Education PublicExpenditure Review (EPER) reviewed byGoB and action plan developed.

6 6 Achieved. The EPER was undertaken and reviewedby GoB. MoE has produced an action plan with atimeframe to implement the recommendationsapproved by MoE.

3 Action plan from Organisation andManagement (O&M) review underimplementation; establishment documentsreflecting new structures and posts.

3 0 Not achieved. The O&M Report remains underconsideration by GoB. A Cabinet Memo has beenprepared and is due before Cabinet during the currentsession.

4 The National HRD Strategy endorsed by

GoB, implementation plan endorsed by

Committee including timeframe, human and

financial resources

2 0 Not achieved. The HRD Strategy has been producedand is under consideration by GoB. There is no clearagreement on how to implement the findings of theHRD Strategy feasibility study.

5 Education Management Information System(EMIS) SASM established; DPSW GLMIMupgraded; DARTS rolled out

6 0 Not achieved. SASM not established. DARTS notrolled out. GLMIM incomplete. But progress is notedin the implementation of these 3 components

6 The apparent lack of resources 2 1 Partially achieved. The backlog EradicationProgramme makes good progress. Insufficientprogress on Secondary School expansion

7 Net Enrolment Rate 6-12 year olds is 91%(2004 data)

9 0 Not achieved. 2004 CSO statistics indicates NER89.5%.

8 Increase in TVET enrolment (O/O) to 11,320students.

8 8 Achieved. 2004 CSO data show 12,649 studentsenrolled in Government TVET institutions.

9 Basic Skills programme (O/O). n/a n/a

10 A maintenance of levels of net dropout at

primary level (O/O) at equal or less than 1%

9 9 Achieved. 2004 CSO statistics indicate 0.72%

11 A maintenance of net dropout rates atsecondary level (O/O) at equal or less than 2%

9 9 Achieved. 2004 CSO statistics indicate 1.80%

12 Enrolment of female students across TVET isincreased (O/O) to 42%.

8 8 Achieved. 2005 BOTA statistics indicate 44.9%.

13 Increased opportunities in TVET for studentswith learning difficulties.

n/a n/a

14 National Credit and Qualifications Framework(NCQF) Study endorsed by GoB;implementation plan endorsed by Committee,including timeframe, human and financialresources.

2 2 Achieved. Memo on the NCQF Study approved onthe 5/6/2007 by the MoE. The project Coordinatorhas been appointed and Pula 8m allocated to a 3-yearimplementation plan to develop the NCQF.

15 Action plan a new inspectorate frameworkunder implementation

2 0 Not achieved. Approval of new inspectorateframework still requires internal approval. Thecreation of a new parastatal department is required.

16 Proportion of grades A-C at PSLE 83% 5 0 Not achieved. 2006 PSLE results show 79.5%achieving Grades A-C.

17 Proportion of pupils not present forexamination and those receiving anunclassified grade at PSLE <7%

7 7 Achieved. Only 1.7% of Standard 7 pupils fail toenter or receive an unclassified grade in 2006 PSLE.

18 Proportion of grades A-C in all BGCSEsubjects >40%

5 5 Achieved. 2006 BGCSE results show 43.01%

19 Increase the completion rate at CTVE (O/O) n/a n/a

20 HIV/AIDS awareness materials adapted after

evaluation.

2 2 Achieved. The revised curriculum teacher guidelinesand student books are either under tender or in schools.

21 High level committees to oversee

development of National policy on (i)

Language Policy and (ii) Inclusive Education

established, ToRs, work plan and studies

agreed, resourced and in progress

€200,000

0 Not achieved. Language Policy will be guided by theproposed Botswana languages Council, awaitingCabinet consideration. MoE is establishing aReference Group within the Special EducationDepartment to oversee Inclusive Education policyDevelopment.

TOTAL 100% 72%



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5. Excerpt from Rider No. 2 to the Financial AgreementAnnexe D – Indicators

I. Introduction

14) The 1st paragraph is replaced to read as follows:

" The indicators utilised to monitor the E&T SPSP consist of a mix of:- process indicators (accounting for 100%, 38%, 38% + €0.2M, 75% and 25% of the

disbursement of the annual tranches 1 to 5 of budgetary support respectively); and- output/outcome indicators (marked “O/O” below, accounting for 62%, 62%, 25% and

75% of the disbursement of the annual tranches 2 to 5 of budgetary supportrespectively);"

15) A 5th bullet point is added:

" From 2007 onwards, the Ministry of Education in cooperation with the Central StatisticsOffice, intends to produce “flash reporting” for key enrolment data in year N to makethem available the same year. Some indicators for tranches 4 and 5 will thus be based onthese “flash reporting” data and would allow a better focus on current issues."

II. Indicators and weights in disbursements corresponding to the various results of theE&T SPSP

16). Point 1 is replaced as follows:"1. A favourable sustainability ratio of 1 or below in previous year’s budget revised estimate(RE) – indicator for tranches 1 – 5.

In the table the text in the first and last line under Tranche 4 are replaced and Tranche 5 is addedas follows:

Tranche 1 Tranche 2 Tranche 3 Tranche 4 Tranche 5Time of assessment(MM/YY)

10/08 10/09

Budget revised estimateconsidered

RE2007/8

RE2008/9

Target value 1 1Weight in disbursement 10% 25%

"17) . Point 2 is replaced as follows:

"2. Better targeting of needs and priorities and more effective allocation of financialresources: GoB undertakes an Education Public Expenditure Review (EPER) and theMFDP/MoE make relevant decisions in relation to its findings (indicators for tranches2-4)"

18) The following row is added to the table for Indicator 2:"

Tranche 4

Time of assessment(MM/YY)

10/08

Target to achieve - Review of system of votes undertaken byMoE ;



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- Grant Loan scheme reviewed and formalresponse to the recommendations issued;- Proposals for incentives schemes toattract and retain teachers to remote areasdeveloped and under consideration byGoB.- Decision taken on the possibility to makegreater discretionary funds available atprimary and secondary school

Weight indisbursement

10%

"19) Point 3 is replaced as follows:

"3. More efficient management of resources: Following the recommendations of anOrganisation and Management (O&M) review of the Ministry of Education,decisions will be made and implemented (indicators for tranches 2-4)."


Tranche 4


10/08

Target to achieve Detailed action plan for restructuring ofcentral MoE and regional officesdeveloped and under implementation.


5%

"21) Point 4 is replaced as follows:

"4. Adoption by Government of a Human Resources Development (HRD) Strategy,reflecting equal opportunities, to use Government resources more efficiently and toavoid fragmentation and duplication (indicators for tranches 2-4)."


Tranche 4


10/08

Target to achieve - Human Resource Development AdvisoryCouncil (HRDAC) established.- Inclusion of implementation of NHRDSas a project in NDP10.


5%

"5. Implementation of an effective Education Management Information System (EMIS).

23) The following row is added to the table:



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"

Tranche 4


10/08

Target to achieve - Implementation of “flash reporting” ofselect education statistics;- First Term 2008 flash reports on websiteby Sept 2008.


5%

"B.1. Access

24) The following row is added to the table for Indicator 6 (Apparent lack of resources):"

Tranche 4


10/08

Target to achieve - Primary school capitation increased toP500;- Additional resources (capitation based)made available to double shift schools;- secondary teacher housing surveyundertaken;- Expansion of 2 teacher school programme


5%

"25). Tranche 4 target for Indicator 7 (Increase in Net Enrolment Rate 6-12 years old in

primary education) is deleted.

8. Increase in TVET enrolment (0/0)

26) Column under Tranche 4 is replaced to read as follows:"

Tranche 4Time of assessment (MM/YY) 10/08Year of statistics 2008Baseline value / target 16,745Weight in disbursement 5%

"27) The sentence under the table is replaced to read as follows:"Source of verification: Education Statistics (Table B25), annual report, CSO, DVETStatistics - flash reporting"9. Basic Skills Programme (0/0)

28) This item is deleted.

10. Net dropout rate at primary level (+ equity):



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29) The column under Tranche 4 is replaced as follows:"

Tranche 4Time ofassessment(MM/YY)

10/08

Year of statistics -Baseline value /target

MoE undertakes a detailed study ofprimary drop out, with particular focus onareas with above average drop out rates


5%

"11. Net dropout rate at secondary level (O/O) (+ equity)

30) The text of the target is replaced as follows:"Target for tranches 4 & 5: Reduced female net dropout rate at secondary levelcompared to previous year"

31) The 2nd and the 5th column of the table are replaced as follows and an extra column(Tranche 5) is added as follows:"

Baseline Tranche 4 Tranche 5Time of assessment (MM/YY) 10/08 10/09Year of statistics 2004 2008 2009Baseline value / target 2.06% Rate less

than 2004Rate lessthan 2008

Weight in disbursement 0% 5% 25%"

12. Enrolment of female students across TVET (O/0)

32) The column under Tranche 4 is replaced as follows:"

Tranche 4Time ofassessment(MM/YY)

10/08

Year of statistics -Baseline value /target

DVET develops a strategy andincentives to attract more females inVTCs and Brigades.


5%

"13. Increased opportunities in TVET for students with learning difficulties.

33) The 2nd and 3rd paragraphs are replaced as follows:"Target: a blue print and training modules in two areas (hospitality and business) areavailable by the time of the 2008 JAA.



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Weight in disbursement of tranche 4: 5%."21. Adoption and initial implementation by Government of a National Language Policy and a

Policy for Special Educational Needs, to improve access and equity for vulnerable anddisadvantaged groups (see Addendum No 1)

34) In the 3rd column of Tranche 4 the 1st and the last rows are replaced as follows:"

Tranche 4


10/2008

Targets to achieve

i. Language Policy and ImplementationPlan, including timeframe, human andfinancial resources under activeconsideration by GoB

ii. Inclusive Education Policy andImplementation Plan, includingtimeframe, human and financial resourcesunder active consideration by GoB


10%

"B.2. Quality

14. National Qualifications Framework (NFQ):

35) Tranche 4 is added as follows:"

Tranche 4


10/08

Target to achieve - Project Management Unit fully staffed.- Skills Needs assessment in key sectorsand comparative analysis of BTEP andNCC curricula undertaken.


5%

"15. Upon completion / revision of the study on the establishment of a new inspectorate

framework, implementation of recommendations from the study.

36) Tranche 4 is added as follows:

"

Tranche 4


10/08

Target to achieve New Department of Inspection establishedwith at least 50% staff in place.


5%

"



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16. Increase in the proportion of grades A-C at PSLE (0/0)

37) The text of the target is replaced as follows:

"Target for tranches 4 & 5: 5% more students scoring A-C grades i) in PSLE in the 20worst performing primary schools and ii) in JCE in the 11 worst performing juniorsecondary schools"

38) The text in columns Baseline and Tranche 4 is replaced and a new column (Tranche 5)is added as follows:

"

Baseline Tranche 4 Tranche 5Time ofassessment(MM/YY)

10/08 10/09

Year of statistics 2006 2007 2008Baseline value /target

-Number of studentsscoring A-C grades inPSLE in the 20 worstperforming primaryschools in 2006-Number of studentsscoring A-C grades inJCE in the 11worstperforming juniorsecondary schools

- 5% morestudents scoringA-C grades inPSLE in those 20schools- 5% morestudents scoringA-C grades in JCEin those 11 schools

- 5% more studentsscoring A-Cgrades in PSLE inthose 20 schools(over 2007)- 5% more studentsscoring A-Cgrades in JCE inthose 11 schools(over 2007)


0% 5% 5%

Source of verification: ERTD reports"

17. Decrease the population of pupils not present for examination and those receiving anunclassified grade at MSLI (O/O).


18. Increase in the proportion of grades A-C at BGCSE

40) The text of the target is replaced as follows:

"Target for tranches 4 & 5: Annual increase of 2% percentage of students scoring A*-C grades in BGCSE core subjects of Setswana, English, Maths and a Science."



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41) The text in columns Baseline and Tranche 4 is replaced and a new column (Tranche 5)is added as follows

"Baseline Tranche 4 Tranche 5


10/08 10/09

Year of statistics 2006 2007 2008Baseline value / target Number of students

scoring A*-C gradesin BGCSE coresubjects of Setswana,English, Maths and aScience

2%increaseover 2006baselinedata

4%increaseover 2006baselinedata

Weight in disbursement 0% 5% 25%Source of verification: ERTD reports"

19. Increase in completion rate at CTVE( 0/0)


20. Effective provision and integration of HIV/AIDS awareness in curricula provided atprimary and secondary levels

43) The following row is added to the table:

"

Tranche 4


10/08

Target to achieve - Research undertaken into adolescentsexual behaviour and preventionpolicy options identified- Coordination/alignment of donorassistance to HIV/AIDS in theeducation sector is included in thePartnership Forum on HIV/AIDS

Weight in disbursement 5%"



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Summary of indicators and weight in the disbursement of the various tranches44) The figures under column Tranche 4 are replaced and a new column (Tranche 5) is

added as follows:"

IndicatorTranches (weight %)

4 5

1 10 25

2 10 0

3 5 0

4 5 0

5 5 0

6 5 0

7 O/O 0 0

8 O/O 5 0

9 O/O 0 0

10 * O/O 5 0

11 O/O 5 25

12 * O/O 5 0

13 5 0

14 5 0

15 5 0

16 O/O 5 25

17 O/O 0 0

18 O/O 5 25

19 0 0

20 O/O 5 0

21 10 0

total 100 100Output/outcome,

total 25 75

process, total 75 25"

45) Paragraph a) under the table is replaced as follows:

"a) The level of achievement of the target for Indicator 21 will trigger the release of aproportional disbursement of 200,000 Euro topping up the reference amount of Tranche 3(€11 million).(*) Note: Indicators 10 and 12 are transformed as process indicators in tranche 4 "



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6. Results of the Joint Annual Appraisal (October 2008)

INDIC. DESCRIPTIONWght(%)

ACHIEVEMENTSAss’t(%)

1. SR 2007/08 Sustainability ratio <1 10 Achieved – SR=0.73 102. EPER (i) Review of system of votes undertaken

by MoE10 Not achieved, but progress – MoESD is

in the process of reviewing its system ofvotes and but it is likely to remain thesame for the 2009/10 budget

5

(ii) Grant Loan scheme reviewed andformal response to the recommendationsissued

Not achieved, but progress – GLSreview contract awarded and study tostart in January 2009

(iii) Proposals for incentives schemes toattract and retain teachers to remote areasdeveloped and under consideration byGoB

Achieved – A review of the TeacherTransfer Policy was undertaken andproposals for attracting/retainingteachers to work in remote areas areunder consideration

(iv) Decision taken on the possibility tomake greater discretionary funds availableat primary and secondary school

Achieved – Additional maintenancefunds have been made available toprimary and secondary schools

3. O&M (O&M) Detailed action plan forrestructuring of central MoE and regionaloffices developed and underimplementation.

5 Achieved – Action Plan leading to aphased decentralised programmedeveloped and approved.Implementation has already started withthe redefinition of regions and draftingof job profiles

5

4. HRDS (i) Human Resource DevelopmentAdvisory Council (HRDAC) established

5 Not achieved – HRDAC has not yetbeen established but is in progress

2.5

(ii) Inclusion of implementation ofNHRDS as a project in NDP10

Achieved – NHRDS is a centralcomponent of the NDP 10 educationand training strategy

5. EMIS (i) Implementation of “flash reporting” ofselect education statistics

5 Achieved – “ Stats Brief” for 2008selected statistics produced

5

(ii) First Term 2008 flash reports onwebsite by Sept 2008

Achieved – Stats Brief published onMoESD website

6. Lack ofresources

(i) Primary school capitation increased toP500;

5 Not achieved, but progress –Recommendation has been discussedand approved by MLG but not yet fullyimplemented

2.5

(ii) Additional resources (capitationbased) made available to double shiftschools;

Achieved – Additional ablution blocksprovided, as well as equipment, trans-port and books. Building programmeand purchase of houses for teachersunder way

(iii) Secondary teacher housing surveyundertaken;

Achieved – Survey was undertaken andcompleted in June 2008 with 204 CJSSand 27 Senior Secondary schoolsreviewed

(iv) Expansion of 2 teacher schoolprogramme

Achieved – Additional schools areunder construction or planned forNDP10. Multi-grade training andteaching being implemented

8. TVETenrolment

2008 TVET enrolment = 16,745 5 Achieved – Enrolment in major VETinstitutions (Technical Colleges,Brigades and private institutions) is22,895

5

10. primarydrop out

MoE undertakes a detailed study ofprimary drop out, with particular focus onareas with above average drop out rates

5 Partially achieved – Survey undertakenand analysis 85% completed withreasons for drop-outs given andremedial strategies proposed

2.5



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INDIC. DESCRIPTIONWght(%)

ACHIEVEMENTSAss’t(%)

11. femaledrop outsec

2008 female net dropout rate at secondaryless than 2.06%

5 Achieved –- 2008 net female drop-outrate at secondary level is 1.79%

5

12. TVETfemaleenrolment

DVET develops a strategy and incentivesto attract more females in VTCs andBrigades.

5 Achieved – Strategies to attract andretain female students in TC & Brigadesalready in place and female enrolmentin Brigades has increased

5

13. TVETSEN

A blue print and training modules in twoareas (hospitality and business) areavailable by end of 2008.

5 Achieved – Both modules and the blueprint prepared with detailedsupplementary materials, Action Plan &TOR for recruitment of TAs

5

14. NCQF (i) NCQF Project Management Unit fullystaffed.

5 Not achieved – NCQF Coordinator inplace as of May 2008, but there is noproject management unit with staffingand funding to develop the technicalframework or to help establish theNational Qualification Authority. Slowprogress

0

(ii) Skills Needs assessment in key sectorsand comparative analysis of BTEP andNCC curricula undertaken.

Not achieved – ToR for Labour MarketSurvey under preparation, but slowprogress

0

15. NewInspectionframework

New Department of Inspection establishedwith at least 50% staff in place.

5 Not achieved, but progress – A bill toestablish a new Department ofInspection as a parastatal has beendrafted and will be debated inParliament in mid-2009

0

16. PSLEA-C grades

5% more students scoring A-C grades:i) in PSLE in the 20 worst performingprimary schools in 2006

5 Achieved – The average score (A-Cgrades) for the 20 schools was 56%,which indicates an improved pass rateof 19%.

2.5

ii) in JCE in the 11 worst performingsecondary schools in 2006

Not achieved – The average score (A-Cgrades) for the 11 schools was 57.8%,which indicates an overall improvedpass rate of 0.8%

18.BGCSEA-C grades

2% increase in 2007 (over 2006) ofstudents scoring A*-C grades in BGCSEcore subjects of Setswana, English, Mathsand a Science.

5 Not achieved – Average A*-C gradesin BGCSE core subjects pass rate for2007 was 11.74% in comparison to12.35% for 2006, which represents anoverall reduction of 0.61 % points

0

20.HIV/AIDSawareness

(i) Research undertaken into adolescentsexual behaviour and HIV/AIDSprevention policy options identified

5 Not achieved, but progress – Theresearch proposal has been submitted tothe Ministry of Health Research andDevelopment Division for review andappraisal.

0

(ii) Coordination/alignment of donorassistance to HIV/AIDS in the educationsector is included in the PartnershipForum on HIV/AIDS

Not achieved - Complex internalcoordination procedures, and no activeparticipation of MoESD in thePartnership Forum.

21.Language& InclusiveEducationPolicyPolicies

(i) Language Policy and implementationPlan, including time frame, human andfinancial resources under activeconsideration by GoB

10 Not achieved - No progress. Does notseem to be a priority.

0

(ii) Inclusive Education Policy andImplementation Plan, includingtimeframe, human and financial resourcesunder active consideration by GoB

Not achieved - Technical assistance forthe development of the Policy expectedto start in January 2009

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ANNEX 14 POWERPOINT PRESENTATION AT THESEMINAR IN GABORONE

The PowerPoint Presentation held during the seminar (ECD Gaborone) is available asoriginal PowerPoint file on the CD-ROM.