EVENTS LEADING TO THE CIVIL WAR

After the Louisiana Purchase (1803), both the North & Southwanted the acquired western land to benefi t their sectional

Continue to develop manufacturing jobs and trade, which do not depend on enslaved workers

Pass laws to promote trade and growth of factories

Make sure new Western votes in Congress are for Northern interests by not allowing slavery in new territories

Southern Goals Expand agriculture (such as

cotton and other cash crops), which does depend on enslaved workers

Pass laws to protect slavery and growth of agriculture

Make sure new Western votes in Congress are for Southern

interests by allowing slavery in new territories

NORTHERN GOALS VS. SOUTHERN GOALS

In 1919, When Missouri applied for statehood, there were 11

free states and 11 slave states. Congress had to confront the issue of whether to let slavery spread into the territories.

The goal of this compromise was to keep the balance of power between slave and free states by admitting Maine to the Union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.

Additionally, to prevent future arguments over the Louisiana Territory, an imaginary east-west line was drawn at the southern boundary of Missouri that said any new state north of the line would be a free state and any new state south of the line would be a slave state.

MISSOURI COMPROMISE, 1820

A series of laws that attempted to resolve confl ict between

the northern and southern states. In the Compromise…

California was admitted as a free state

New Mexico and Utah were allowed to decide their own

slavery laws

The slave trade (buying and selling enslaved Africans) was

abolished in Washington DC and the Fugitive Slave Law passed. The Compromise did not satisfy any side

completely

COMPROMISE OF 1850

Passed by Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850

Declared that all runaway slaves be brought back to their masters.

Abolitionists nicknamed it the

"Bloodhound Law" for the dogs that were used to track down runaway slaves.

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT

This act created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska,

allowing the settlers to decide whether to have slavery (popular sovereignty)

This decision angered Northerners, who thought these

territories should be free states because of the Missouri Compromise.

Southerners responded by arguing that the Compromise of

1850 replaced the Missouri Compromise.

Both sides were upset and the stage was set for Civil War.

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT, 1854

Things worked out as anticipated in Nebraska, but not in Kansas.

Violent hostilities erupted

between pro & antislavery forces in the Kansas territory during the mid and late 1850s.

BLEEDING KANSAS

Dred Scott was born a slave in Virginia around 1799.

In 1834, a man named Dr. Emerson bought Dred Scott and they moved to Ill inois, a free state.

In 1836, they moved to Minnesota, also free state.There, Scott married another slave named Harriet. In 1838, the Emersons and the Scotts moved to Missouri, a

slave state. In 1843, Dr. Emerson died, leaving his wife possession of

the Scotts.Dred Scott sued Mrs. Emerson. He claimed that he was no

longer a slave because he had become free when he lived

in a free state.

THE COURTS GRAPPLE WITH SLAVERY: DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD

The jury decided that Scott and his family should be free.

The Emersons did not like the decision and appealed to the Missouri Supreme Court in 1852. That court said that Missouri does not have to follow the laws of another state.

As a slave state, Missouri's laws meant that Scott and his family were not free.

Do you feel that the Missouri Supreme Court made the right decision? Why or why not?

In a harsh decision, the US Supreme Court ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants—whether or not they were slaves—were not protected by the Constitution and could never be citizens of the United States.

It also held that the US Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories.

The Court also ruled that because slaves were not citizens, they could not sue in court.

Lastly, the Court ruled that slaves—as private property—could not be taken away from their owners without due process.

DRED SCOTT V. SANDFORD-FINAL RULING OF THE US SUPREME

COURT

Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, Abraham Lincoln began attacking the legislation and its author, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Ill inois. When Douglas ran for reelection in 1858, Lincoln opposed him in Ill inois. Douglas won that election, but Lincoln had a desire to seek the presidential nomination.

Running against Lincoln on the Democrat ticket was Senator

Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Breckenridge.

The presidential election was held on November 6, 1860.

Lincoln did very well in the northern states, and though he garnered less than 40 percent of the popular vote, he won a landslide victory in the electoral college.

Ominously, Lincoln did not carry any southern states.

THE ELECTION OF 1860: ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND STEPHEN A.

DOUGLAS

How do you think the Southern states will respond to the election of Abraham Lincoln?

Lincoln declared, “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot last forever, half slave and half free. I do not expect the house to fall-but I do expect it will cease to be divided.”

What message isLincoln conveying?

THE ELECTION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN

During Lincoln’s campaign, Southern states, due to their fearof a ban on slavery, warned they would secede if Lincoln won.

Thus, on December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the fi rst state to secede from the “Union.” Shortly after, the other southern states followed to join the newly formed Confederate States of America, with Jeff erson Davis as their recognized president.

North Carolina was the last Southern state to secede on May 20, 1861.

THE SOUTHERN STATES SECEDE

Confederate SLAVE States:Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, MississippiNorth Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia

Union FREE States:California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine,Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire,New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin

Union SLAVE StatesDelaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, West Virginia

The nation wondered how President Lincoln would handle the

secession of the southern states, which he viewed as illegal.

His response came in April 1861, when Confederate South Carolina soldiers fi red on federal troops stationed at Fort Sumter in Charleston.

Upon hearing this news, Lincoln telegraphed each of the states that remained in the Union requesting that they supply the United States Army with troops.

The Civil War had offi cially begun.

THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS:THE BATTLE AT FORT SUMTER