Everything You Need To Know About Key Concept 2.1 To Succeed In
APUSH www.Apushreview.com Period 2: 1607 - 1754
Slide 2
The New Curriculum Key Concept 2.1 Differences in imperial
goals, cultures, and the North American environments that different
empires confronted led Europeans to develop diverse patterns of
colonization. Page 27 of the Curriculum Framework Big ideas: What
were similarities in colonization among the Spanish, French, Dutch,
and English? What were the experiences like with Native Americans
with these European countries? How and why did slavery evolve in
these colonies? How did climate and geography affect British
colonies?
Slide 3
Key Concept 2.1 Seventeenth-century Spanish, French, Dutch, and
British colonizers embraced different social and economic goals,
cultural assumptions, and folkways, resulting in varied models of
colonization. - Page 27 of the Curriculum Framework Spain
established strict control over colonization and converted and
exploited many natives A major goal of Spain was to make $ All
trade must go through a few Spanish controlled ports Small amount
of Spaniards ruled indigenous population Spain sought to convert
natives to Christianity, forced many into the encomienda system,
and used as trading partners English Colonization: Colonies were
based on agriculture, large number of immigrants, hostile relations
with Natives Tobacco became a large cash crop Headright system
encouraged immigrants benefitted the wealthy Conflicts with natives
Powhatans, Bacons Rebellion, Pequot War, King Philips War
Slide 4
Key Concept 2.1, I Seventeenth-century Spanish, French, Dutch,
and British colonizers embraced different social and economic
goals, cultural assumptions, and folkways, resulting in varied
models of colonization. - Page 27 of the Curriculum Framework
French and Dutch colonization: French intermarried with natives and
built extensive trading partnerships Coureurs de bois French fur
traders trade beaver furs; would live among natives; helped lead to
an alliance with the Algonquin Indians Dutch Like the French, the
Dutch build extensive trade routes mostly in NY Encouraged
settlement of the New World New Netherland
Slide 5
Key Concept 2.1 The British-American system of slavery
developed out of the economic, demographic, and geographic
characteristics of the British-controlled regions of the New World.
- Page 27 of the Curriculum Framework English colonies encouraged
immigration of men, women, and families who rarely intermarried
with natives and/or Africans Headright system encouraged more
immigrants since landowners would receive additional land Tract of
land given to encourage settlement especially families. Why was
there an emergence of the Atlantic slave trade: Abundance of land
labor was needed for agriculture; Shortage of indentured servants
especially after Bacons rebellion in 1676 Hard to enslave natives
knew the land, were not immune to European diseases (many Africans
were); increased demand for colonial goods required more labor
Slide 6
Key Concept 2.1 Slavery in British colonies: Based on a belief
of racial superiority; children of slaves became slaves as well
Families could be broken up at any time; slaves relied on kinship
networks and surrogate relatives Slave resistance: Most likely
resistance was covert working slowly, faking illness, running away,
breaking tools, etc. Sometimes rebellion did occur Stono Rebellion
(1739 South Carolina) 100 Africans killed several whites and tried
to flee to Spanish Florida Most were executed, more harsh laws were
passed
Slide 7
Key Concept 2.1, III Along with other factors, environmental
and geographical variations, including climate and natural
resources, contributed to regional differences in what would become
the British colonies. - Page 28 of the Curriculum Framework Most of
New England was based on Puritan beliefs: Wanted to purify the
Anglican Church, not separate Believed in predestination John
Winthrops City upon a Hill Little religious toleration for others
Town-hall meetings church members had tremendous power New England
economy: Some agriculture, fishing, commerce Boston becomes a major
port city Colder climate, rocky terrain did not allow large
plantations Middle Colonies: Tended to be the most diverse
demographically, religiously, and ethnically Women in Pennsylvania
had more rights Quakers allowed women equal positions in church
Immigrants from Germany
Slide 8
Key Concept 2.1, III Continued Chesapeake colonies (MD and VA)
and North Carolina: Heavily relied on tobacco plantations developed
long work days and growing seasons Exhausted land led to expansion
and conflicts with natives (Bacons again!) Up to the late 17 th
century, most labor was made up of indentured servants After Bacons
Rebellion (1676), there was a switch to African slavery Southern
colonies and West Indies: In South Carolina and Georgia, rice was a
major staple crop Very arduous labor long days and long growing
season Many white laborers refused to work in rice fields led to an
increase in slave labor In many instances, slaves made up a
significant (if not majority) part of the population Led to the
development of slave codes laws to regulate slave behavior Gave
incredible power to slave owners
Slide 9
Test Tips Multiple-Choice Questions: Goals of European
colonization Differences between British and other colonies Impact
of religion in British colonies (Puritans) Short Answer: Comparing
British colonies (geography, religion, economy) Essay Questions:
Reasons for the development of slavery
Slide 10
Everything You Need To Know About Key Concept 2.2 To Succeed In
APUSH www.Apushreview.com Period 2: 1607- 1754
Slide 11
The New Curriculum Key Concept 2.2 European colonization
efforts in North America stimulated intercultural contact and
intensified conflict between the various groups of colonizers and
native peoples. Page 29 of the Curriculum Framework Big ideas: How
and why did Europeans begin to compete with each other in North
America? How did the conflicts lead to social and political changes
between Europeans and natives?
Slide 12
Key Concept 2.2 Competition over resources between European
rivals led to conflict within and between North American colonial
possessions and American Indians. - Page 29 of the Curriculum
Framework Conflicts among Europeans spread to North America and
affected Natives: French and English conflicts Fort Necessity
(George Washington) British were able to offer more goods to
natives, whereas the French were more tolerant of natives (and
intermarried with natives) During the French and Indian (Seven
Years) War, almost all natives were allied with the French not the
Iroquois
Slide 13
Key Concept 2.2 Each European nation sought to acquire
valuables and new labor: English focused on tobacco; used
indentured servants -> slaves French focused on furs in Ohio
value; traded with natives European and colonial interests often
varied: Colonists wanted to expand (especially post 7 Years War);
Britain forbade it Proclamation Line of 1763 Britain passed acts to
raise $ - Molasses Act; many colonists smuggled Would become a
major point of contention between 1763 and 1776
Slide 14
Key Concept 2.2 Clashes between European and American Indian
social and economic values caused changes in both cultures. - Page
29 of the Curriculum Framework Contact with Europeans increased
trade, diseases, and drastically changed native life: As time
passed, Europeans increasingly encroached on native land In 1600,
there was 100,000 natives in New England, 10,000 by 1675 disease
and dispersion King Philips War war between English and natives led
by King Philip Metacomet) one of bloodiest native wars Trade with
settlers weapons
Slide 15
Pueblos: Native Americans that were located in Rio Grande
region of the southwestern US (New Mexico, Arizona) Pueblo is
Spanish for town; named after their distinct buildings Don Juan de
Onate defeated the Pueblos Spanish established Santa Fe in 1610
Spanish ruled the Pueblos harshly 2,000 Spanish and 30,000 Pueblos
Background Info
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Why did it occur? Spanish priests and government suppressed
Native practices that were inconsistent with Christianity Spanish
demanded tribute and labor from Natives What happened? Pope (Native
religious leader) killed hundreds and forced Spanish to flee Spain
regained control in 1696 Significance? Spanish sought to
religiously assimilate the Natives Pueblos were given more freedoms
from the Spanish The Rebellion
Slide 17
Test Tips Multiple-Choice and Short Answer Questions : Impact
of European contact on natives: Loss of land, high death rates
(disease), new weapons, increased fighting Changes to native life
as a result of conflict with Europeans Continued encroachment on
land Essay Questions: Comparing colonization and views of natives
by England and Spain
Slide 18
Everything You Need To Know About Key Concept 2.3 To Succeed In
APUSH www.Apushreview.com Period 2: 1607- 1754
Slide 19
The New Curriculum Key Concept 2.3 The increasing political,
economic, and cultural exchanges within the Atlantic World had a
profound impact on the development of colonial societies in North
America. - Page 30 of the Curriculum Framework Big ideas: How did
the colonists begin to develop an identity during this time? What
impact did religion have on the colonies?
Slide 20
Key Concept 2.3 Atlantic World commercial, religious,
philosophical, and political interactions among Europeans,
Africans, and American native peoples stimulated economic growth,
expanded social networks, and reshaped labor systems. - Page 30 of
the Curriculum Framework The 17 th century Atlantic trade created a
labor market and exchange of goods: Growth of slavery in the
Americas began with Spanish and Portuguese traders in West Africa
Middle Passage Shipment of Africans in close quartered ships; would
last several weeks or months Triangular trade rum, sugar, molasses,
and slaves were commonly traded on the Triangular Trade
Slide 21
Key Concept 2.3 What promoted Anglicization in the British
colonies? (using more English norms and customs) Representative
assemblies were similar to English government Trade between the
colonies and England increased contact Enlightenment ideas from
England and Europe traveled to America Americans later made similar
contributions Franklin and Jefferson Religious toleration in some
colonies: Quakers in PA, Maryland Acts of Toleration tolerance for
ALL Christians Legal systems and customs: Trials by jury
Evangelism: The 1 st Great Awakening saw George Whitefield from
England travel to the colonies to spread religion
Slide 22
Key Concept 2.3 Britains desire to maintain a viable North
American empire in the face of growing internal challenges and
external competition inspired efforts to strengthen its imperial
control, stimulating increasing resistance from colonists who had
grown accustomed to a large measure of autonomy. - Page 31 of the
Curriculum Framework Over time, regional differences in colonies
gave way to similarities in: Laws: crimes were redefined John Peter
Zenger Trial could criticize government officials if it was true
Institutions: colleges were established in different colonies
helped promote religion and increase literacy Governance within the
context of the British imperial system: Prior to 1763, colonial
governments acted independent of Parliament
Slide 23
Key Concept 2.3 Under mercantilism, the goal is for the Mother
country (England) to make as much $ as possible Englands goal of
creating a unified imperial structure and enforcing strict
mercantilist policies was not always successful: Navigation Acts
required colonists to export specific goods only to England or
English colonies tobacco Led to widespread smuggling from colonial
merchants Dominion of New England combined Massachusetts with the
rest of New England, and later New Jersey and New York Assemblies
were eliminated and a new governor was appointed Sir Edmund Andros
who was very unpopular The Dominion was met with resistance and
ended with The Glorious Revolution in England
Slide 24
Key Concept 2.3 For most of the early 18 th century, England
followed a policy of salutary neglect Colonies were mostly left
alone to govern themselves; England took a hands off approach to
governing This would end in 1763 with the end of the Seven Years
War Reasons for resistance to British imperial control: Salutary
neglect led to colonial assemblies had significant power, often
viewed themselves as Parliament The Enlightenment led many to
question governments and desire more rights and new forms of
government The Great Awakening created more religious diversity and
a questioning of authority Colonists often saw themselves as
Englishmen, even though English officials did not always agree
Slide 25
Test Tips Multiple-Choice and Short Answer Questions : Impact
of the Great Awakening/ spread of religion: How did ideas spread?
Why were they appealing? How did trade between mother countries and
colonies develop? Essay Questions: Reasons for and effects of new
colonial identity
Slide 26
Everything You Need To Know About The Enlightenment To Succeed
In APUSH www.Apushreview.com
Slide 27
The New Curriculum And The Enlightenment Key Concept 2.3, I, B:
Several factors promoted Anglicization in the British colonies: the
growth of autonomous political communities based on English models,
the development of commercial ties and legal structures, the
emergence of trans-Atlantic print culture, Protestant evangelism,
religious toleration, and the spread of European Enlightenment
ideas. Page 30 of the Curriculum framework The Enlightenment had
tremendous impact on American (and world) politics and society
Since it is mentioned specifically, you should be very familiar
with it
Slide 28
Background Info What was it? Movement that believed that reason
and knowledge could lead to progress and advancements in society
When did it occur? 17 th and 18 th centuries, originating in Europe
Impact of the Enlightenment? Helped challenge traditional
authority
Slide 29
Key Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke: Two Treatises of
Government Natural rights life, liberty, and property. Consent of
the governed government rules with peoples (governed) permission;
people can overthrow governments if necessary Influenced the
Declaration of Independence Baron de Montesquieu: The Spirit of
Laws Advocated checks and balances and separation of powers
Dividing power among branches would help prevent government abuse
Influenced our current government system established under the
Constitution Thomas Paine (T-Paine!): Common Sense Advocated the US
to declare independence from England Influenced the Declaration of
Independence
Slide 30
Impact of the Enlightenment Key ideas are seen in US government
3 branches of government Freedom of speech The ideas which
encouraged individuals to challenge authority and unjust government
helped inspire the American Revolution Enlightenment ideas were
seen in other revolutions as well: French Revolution Latin American
Revolutions
Slide 31
Test Tips Multiple-Choice and Short Answer Questions: Excerpt
of a reading, what are impacts? Short Answer Identify and describe
Enlightenment thinkers and their impacts Essay Questions: Causes of
American Revolution how did Enlightenment fit in?