Evoluation of Network Technologies and its Impact … of Network Technologies and its Impact on ... ITU/ITC Regional Seminar on Network Evoluation to Next Generation Networks and Fixed

INSTITUT FÜRNACHRICHTENVERMITTLUNG

UND DATENVERARBEITUNGProf. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h. c. mult. P. J. Kühn

Universität Stuttgart

Evoluation of Network Technologiesand its Impact on Traffic Engineering

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h. c. mult. Paul J. KühnInstitute of Communication Networks and Computer Engineering (IKR)

University of Stuttgart&

International Advisory Council (IAC)International Teletraffic Congress (ITC)

[email protected]: +49-711-6858027, Fax: +49-711-6857983

ITU/ITC Regional Seminar on Network Evoluation to Next Generation Networksand Fixed Mobile Convergence for CEE, CIS and Baltic States

Moscow, April 27-30, 2004

Institute of Communication Networks and Computer Engineering University of Stuttgart

1 Network Developments

2 Service Developments

3 Quality of Service

4 Conclusion: General Observations and Research Areas

Outline



- Telecommunication Networks

- Computer Communication Networks

- Technological Developments

Outline


• 1200 Million Subscribers (Fixed Network) Annual Growth 10%

• 1400 Million Subscribers (Mobile Networks) Annual Growth 50%

• Intelligent Network Services (IN)

Telecommunication Networks

SCP

SwitchingNode HLR/VLR

MSC

BS

Mobile Network

Telefax

Telephon

Fixed Network

MobileStations

SDP


Computer Communication Networks

• Probably more than 100 000 Subnetworksand more than 700 Million Users

• Services: Electronic Mail, Database Access,File Transfer, Internet Telephony,Multimedia Communication, World Wide Web,Peer-to-Peer

WS

Server

POP

Intranet

PC

Internet

R

TelephoneNetwork

R R

R

R


Development of User Numbers

Source: ITU News 2/2002

500

1000

1500

1995 2000 2005

Mobile Users

Fixed Telephone

Internet Users

Network

1990

0

Mill

ion

Use

rs

Subscribers


Technological Developments

OCC

Fibre Optic ChannelsPhotonicSwitch

ATM

MSC

BS

Mobile

ADM

GY

Acc

ess

Net

wo

rks

Ph

oto

nic

Co

re N

etw

ork

sB

ackb

on

e

GroundStation

Low Earth OrbitSatellites

Mobiles

Fixed

NG Internet






2 Service Developments- Service Categories

- Service and Technology Convergence

- Application Scenarios

Outline


Service Categories

Telecommunication

Information

World Wide Web

Business Applications

Entertainment

Data Communication

TelephonieTelefax

Multimedia-MailVideoconference

E-Mail Telecooperation

Home Working

Tele-EducationElectronic Newspaper

Stored Multimedia

Data Base Access

Video-on-Demand

AdvancedPay-per-view

DistributedVideo Games

Tele-XYZ

e-Business

Portals

Computer

Remote Login

Focused

Communication

Access

Advertizing


Development Scenario

IP

E-mail File Transfer Web

Audio

Multimedia

E-Commerce

Games

VoIP Video

ISDN ATM GSM

B-ISDN UMTS

LAN MAN WLAN FR

SDH WDM FTTX HFC PC

Serv

ices

Tran

spo

rt

Tech

no

log

ies

Service and Technology Convergence


Application Scenario

HLR/VLR

MSC

BSS

SmartCard

PDA +MobilePhone

Railway Customer

SmartCard

PDA

Trust CenterBank Railway

Booking

(4)(3)

(2)

(1)

(5)

Conductor

ICE

Centre

Electronic Ticket


Application Scenario

Navigation Support

Fixed NetworkRadio

AccessNetwork 1

MT

MT

Sensor

Satellite

Congestion

...

ahead

FederationServer

Data BaseSystems

RadioAccess

Network 2






2 Service Developments- Service Categories

- Service and Technology Convergence

- Application Scenarios

3 Quality of Service (QoS)- Definition of QoS

- Traditional Solutions

- Challenges for New Services

Outline


QoS: Entirety of all features characterizing the perceptionof a service (application) at the user level("user perceivable criteria")

Features: Delay (average, peak, distribution, percentile, ...) ofinformation

Loss (average, peak) of information or of a connection

Resolution, audibility, ... of information content

Reliability, dependability, availability, accountability,security of service

QuantifyableQoS (Q2S): Measurable value ("Metric") in the widest sense

Quality-of-Service (QoS) Definition


Examples

Factor Reason

• Source Traffic Coding Scheme, Human Factors

• Network Resources Capacity Limits, Network Planning

• Operational Strategies Resource Management

• Network Management Fault Detection, Resilience

Factors Influencing QoS


Multi-Level Source Model for IP-Applications

Start StopSession

TCP

Flow

Packet/Cell


Example: Network File System (NFS)

LocalFileSystem

Application

Data Base System

NFSClient

Client

LocalFileSystem

Data Base System

NFSClient

Server

Request sent to Server Port

Response sent to Client Port

Client-Server Communication


HTTP Application

User WWWBrowser

DNSServer

WWWServer

URL DNS Lookup

Response

TCP Connection Setup

GET/Fakultaet/Welcome.html

HTML PagePresentation of

TCP Connection Release

HTML Page


Internet Routing

RIPBGP

BGP

RIP

OSPF

Domain 2(RIP)

Domain 1(RIP)

Domain 3(OSPF)

Domain Router

Edge RouterRouting Information ProtocolOpen Shortest Path FirstBorder Gateway Protocol

RIPOSPFBGP


Example 1: Telecommunication Services

Traditional Solutions

Traditional Solution is not feasible for many new applications due to:

• Variable bitrate sources (burst traffic)

• Overhead for connection management (delay, state management, ...)

• Integration of many services with quite different characteristics

• Inflexibility with respect to adaptation to application requirements

• Cost

Connection: Reservation of Bandwidth

Admission Control Circuit Switching

A BNetwork


Example 2: Internet

Traditional Solutions

"Best Effort Service": No admission controlNo resource reservationUnpredictable delays and losses

BES is not feasible for many new applications due to:

• No guarantees on QoS

Network

ClientServer

Datagramrouting


Traffic Classes in the IntServ-Model• Guaranteed Service (similar to CBR and rt-VBR)

• Controlled Load Service (similar to nrt-VBR)

• Best Effort Service (similar to UBR)

Use of RSVP

Traffic Classes in the DiffServ-Model• Expedited Forwarding (Premium Service)

• Assured Forwarding with different Priorities

Hop-by-Hop Control

QoS Management in the Internet


Flow Description by

Flow Specifications (FlowSpec)Service ClassReserve Specification (RSpec)Traffic Specification (TSpec)

Filter Specification (FilterSpec)

IntServ-Model

Soft-State Soft-State Periodic Updatesof Soft-StateReservations

Router DestinationSource Router

PATH MessagesRESV Messages


Negotiation of max. Bitrate between User and ISP for Aggregated Traffic VolumesClassification of Traffic Class by Access Routers

Premium Service: Separate Queues and Prioritized Transport providevirtual leased Line ServicePolicing Function by Border Router

Assured Service: Use of Priority to provide QoS for short BurstsPolicing Function and Packet Dropping by Border RouterAppropriate Dimensioning of Transmission Resources by ISP

Per Hop Behaviour (PHB) Routing, Marking of IP Packets within DS-Field

DiffServ Model

BorderRouter

AccessRouter

BorderRouter

AccessRouter

BackboneInternet of ISP

SubnetworkA

SubnetworkA


Tag Switching

R

S

EdgeRouter

Tag Distribution

EdgeRouter

R

S

Packet Flow

• Detection of flows

• Assignment of flow labels

• Fast switching along pathes State-based switching


Peer-to-Peer File SharingServer + Client

(Servent)

OverlayNetwork

UnderlyingunreliableInternet(TCP/IP)

AutonomousSystem

Autonomous

Autonomous

System

System

Request

(Query)

QueryHits


• Tremendous increase in bandwidth demand in mobile and fixed net-works for new applicationsAhead: Japan and Rep. of Korea (70/60 % mobile Internet users;

US/Europe < 10%)Asia-Pacific Region leading in broadband penetration

• Rapid decrease of internat. bandw. pricing from 111 TUSD (1998) to10 TUSD (2002) for US-Japan 1Mbps link per year

• NG Internet Technology and broadband access

• Fast routing algorithms

• Convergence of Internet and Mobility

• Adaptive traffic control (e.g., for Peer-to-Peer applications)

• Negotiable QoS Levels and QoS guarantees

• Accounting and charging for highly variable bitrate services

• Ubiquitous computing and ad hoc communication networks

• Adaptation of source coding and network traffic control

• QoS across multiple layers and heterogeneous network technologies

Challenges of NG Internet with Respect to QOS


Research Topics - Communication & Security

Architectures & Protocols

• Unified Communication based on IPv6

• Communication across different Networks

• Mobility Management based on Mobile IP Concepts

• Dynamic Address Management

• Horizontal and Vertical Handover

• Integration of Ad Hoc Networks (infrastructureless)

• Middleware ConceptsAbstraction from Underlying Network Infrastructures

• Design & Implementation

• Standardization


Research Topics - Communication & Security

Mobility

• Modelling of Mobility of Users and Data

• Modelling of (Communication) Traffic-spatial and temporal

• Disconnected Operation (information Caching and Fuelling)

• Predictive Information Provision (Hoarding)

• Simulation Methods for Mobility

• Performance


Research Topics - Security & Privacy

Example

• Tracking of Location May Cause Severe Privacy Problems

• Similar Problems Arise from Recording of User Activities

BC

HLR/VLR

MSC


Research Topics - Security & Privacy

• Protection Against Concatenation betweenLocation Data and User Identity

• Methods:

- Pseudonymization

- Authentication

- Multilateral Security concepts:Negotiation of Protection Aims and Strengths

- Accountability and Non-Repudiation

- Integrity

• Security Protocol Design


• Change of Paradigms in the Communication Sector

- heterogeneous network technologies, broad spectrum of applications

- trend directs to IP-based network and transport protocols

- technology push and market pull

• Success Factors

- time to market

- open platforms

- user acceptance

• Design Processes

- limited development periods

- specialization and limitation to core competences ("make or buy?")

- design automation, design platforms and tools

• Standardization and Quality

- proprietary solutions vs. open platforms

- need for standardization

- product quality and quality of service

Conclusion (1): General Observations


• Integration of the various Network Technologies- fixed, mobile and ad hoc networks

- internet and photonic technologies

- support of autoconfiguration and manageability

• Platforms- advanced middleware concepts

- service creation support

- application programming interfaces

• New Application Paradigms- location and context based services

- nomadic communications and ubiquitious computing

- overlay networks

• New Business Models- micropayment

- quality of service

- scalable security

Conclusion (2): Research Areas

Documents

Evoluation of Network Technologies and its Impact … of Network Technologies and its Impact on ... ITU/ITC Regional Seminar on Network Evoluation to Next Generation Networks and Fixed