Imag

ecreditsgohere

EVsininfrastructuresystemsperspectiveProf.Dr.MargotWeijnen,DelftUniversityofTechnology

Consequencesofelectricmobility

• Newroutinesfordrivers• Impactoninfrastructure

Ø TransportØ Energy

• Complexadaptivesystem

Historyoftheenergyinfrastructure

• 1882:FirstelectricityinfrastructurecomesupinNewYork• Singlecoalfiredgeneratorlightsup59homes• Soonsimilarsystemsinmajorcitiesaroundtheworld• Entireurbanareaslinkedwithamultiplicityofsimultaneouslyoperatinggenerators

Historyoftheenergyinfrastructure

• Isolatedgridslinkedup• Systemextendedtoconnectpowerfacilitieswhichwere-:

Ø ProgressivelylargerØ Moreremote

• Today:Nationalandtrans-nationalpowersystems

Currentscenarioofelectricityinfrastructure

• Fossilfuelsdominancebeingeroded• Renewableenergysources,mainly:

Ø HydropowerØ BiomassØ Wind&solar

• Decentralizedpowergeneration

Energyinfrastructure constantlyevolving

• Historically,notdesigned asanintegratedsystem• Rather,evolvedintolarge-scaleintegratedsystem• Constantlyadaptingtochanging-:

Ø SocietalpreferencesØ UserneedsØ EconomicconditionsØ Technologicalinnovation

Socio–technicalsystems

Physicaldimension Socialdimension&

Energyinfrastructure constantlyevolving

• Verticallyintegratedcompanies

• Oftenpublicorprivatemonopolies

• Regulation tosafeguardpublicvalues

Generation

Transmission

Distribution

Supply

Valuechaindisintegration

Verticalunbundling• Newplayersenterthescene

Competitionin:• Generation• Supply

Monopolisticsystemoperators:• TSO• DSO

Needforinstitutionalchange

• Newtechnologieschangeelectricitysystembehavior– variabilityofrenewableenergysources

• Changingrolesofelectricityconsumers– prosumers,EV-boundservices

• EVscanendangerstabilityofgrid• Newpracticesandrulesneededà

institutions

Adaptedfrom

:Williamson,O.E.(1998)."Transactio

nCo

stEconomics:How

ItW

orks,W

hereItIsHeaded."D

eEconom

ist,Vo

l.146(1):23-58.

Adaptedfrom

:Williamson,O.E.(1998)."Transactio

nCo

stEconomics:How

ItW

orks,W

hereItIsHeaded."D

eEconom

ist,Vo

l.146(1):23-58.

ComplexAdaptiveSocio-TechnicalSystems

• Co-evolution ofsocialandtechnicalsystems,inconstantinteraction• Institutions shapeinteractionsbetweensocialandtechnicalsystems• Pathdependencies• Emergentbehavior• Governmentroleà limitedyetcrucial

ImpactofEVsonelectricityinfrastructure

Possiblesolutions

• Gridcapacityexpansion(expensive)

• Controlledbatterycharging=Smartcharging

• Incentivetouser• Rewardedforflexibleload

pattern

Roles&responsibilities

Energysupplier Networkoperator ??

Actionsneeded……andfast

• Resolvewhobuildsandoperatescharginginfrastructure

• Demandflexibilityà realtimeinteractionwithend-users

• Smartgridsneeded

Conclusions• Large-scaleadoptionofelectricmobilityaffectsthephysical

infrastructure:bothenergyandtransportinfrastructure• IntensiveICT-enabledinteractionbetweentransport&energy

infrastructure• Social(sub)systemoftheinfrastructureundergoesmajorchange• Newactorswithnewrolesandinterests• Resistancefromestablishedactors- needtoadapt• Governmentà bothestablishedactorandagentofchangeatsame

time

Thankyouforyourattention !