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8/7/2019 Ex 12 and 13, Ch 11 Cardiovasular-SHOW
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Heart
Chapter 11
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Heart
System of a pump and pathway for
blood to travel
Arteries- vessels that carry blood
away from the heart (Arterioles)
Veins- vessels that carry blood to the
heart (Venules)
Capillaries are very small vessels thatconnect the two at the microscopic level
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- Exchange nutrients for waste
- Exchange O2 for CO2
Heart lies in the pericardial cavityin the lower portion of the
mediastinum.
The inferior portion has a point or tipcalled the apex
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The pericardium consists of two principleportions.
1- fibrous pericardium
2- serous pericardium
Fibrous pericardium: tough and inelastic
- rests on and attaches to diaphragm.
- provides protection
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Serous pericardium:
- thinner, delicate, double layered.
- Visceral pericardium: (epicardium)
contacts the surface of the heart
- Parietal pericardium: loose fitting membranearound heart
- Pericardial space: separates two layers withpericardial fluid (lubricates membranes)
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Heart consists of three layers:
1- Endocardium: lines inside of heart
and heart valves
2- Myocardium: thick heart muscle.
Blood supplied by coronaryarteries
3- Epicardium: outer layer
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Heart has four chambers
Two upper chambers are called atria (sing.atrium)
Right and left
Two lower chambers called ventricles
Right and left
Right and left ventricles are separated by athick walled structure called the
Interventricular septum
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Blood flow between chambers and largerarteries pass through valves
Valves that connect the upper atria to thelower ventricles are termedatrioventricular valves. There are two
1- Tricuspid valve. This 3 flapped valveconnects the right atria to the rightventricle
2- Bicuspid valve (mitral): This 2 flapped
valve connect the left atria to the leftventricle
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Valves that connect the lower
ventricles to the larger arteries
carrying blood away from the heart arecalled semilunar valves.
1- Pulmonary semilunar valve: Valvelocated between the right ventricle and
the pulmonary artery
2- Aortic semilunar valve: Valvelocated between left ventricle and
aorta.
C i f h h i l
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Contraction of the heart is systole
Relaxation of the heart is called
diastole
When the heart beats the atria
contract first and together then theventricles contract second and
together.
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Auscultation of the heart
Lubb Dupp
Lubb: AV valves closing.
Dupp: Semilunar valves closing.
1- Pulmonary valve: ribs 2 & 3 on left
2- Aortic valve: ribs 2 & 3 on right
3- Biscuspid valve: ribs 5 & 6 on leftmid line of clavicle
4- Tricuspid valve: ribs 5 & 6 on rightsternal margin