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Ex situ Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Manipur-

Establishment of Herbal Gardens in Manipur

Research, Silviculture & Training Division, Government of Manipur

Manipur has established two Herbal Gardens for exsitu conservation of

medicinal plants of the state. These gardens were created under the financial

assistance from the National Medicinal Plants Board, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga

& Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Homoeopathy (AYUSH), Ministry of Health &

Family Welfare, Government of India.

Herbal Garden- A garden where plants having medicinal values are planted and

maintained for conservation, education and providing an access to propagating

materials.

Medicinal plants- All plants- herb, shrub, tree, climber etc, having medicinal values

and used in Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy and

traditional systems.

Introduction:-

Medicinal plants are being extensively utilized throughout the world in two

distinct areas of health management i.e. (i) Modern System of Medicine system (ii)

Traditional or Indigenous Systems of Medicine or Folk medicines. There is

resurgence of use of this traditional medicine across the globe. 80% of world

population relies on traditional medicine. The traditional medicine are heavily

dependent on medicinal plants and their accelerated growth is pushing the demand of

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medicinal plants strongly and higher rate of growth in demand is likely to continue in

future also.

In India there are about 45,000 plants species of which 8000 are medicinal in

nature. However 700 plants species are generally used for making phytomedicines.

About 98% of this raw material used in making phytomedicines by

pharmacies/phytoindustries, comes from natural habitat. India has long history of

using of herbal products not only as medicine but also for cosmetics, health hygiene,

toiletries, fragrance and food supplements.

The North-East India is a treasure house of vast variety of plant resources

being a part of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. The region falls in bio-

geographic tri-junction of the Indian, Himalaya and Oriental landmass. The region is

home to about 13,500 plant species which is 2.3 % of the total world’s species, out of

which about 7000 species are endemic to the region.

The state of Manipur is a part of the North-East region. In a small area of

22,327 sqm, the known biodiversity of the state is 4000 angiospermic plants. The state

has a total population of 21,68,788 according to 2001 Census Report. The population

belongs to different community-Meitei, Muslim (Pangal), Tangkhul, Mao, Maram,

Thangal, Rongmei, Chiru, Maring, Kuki, Paite, Liangmei, Kabui, Poumei, Aimol,

Hmar etc. The Kuki and Nagas, belonging to 29 tribes, occupy the hills, while the

Meitei and Pangals occupy the valley. The Naga and Kuki constitute 40% of the

state’s population but occupy 90% of the state’s area and Meetei and Pangals

constitute 60% of population and occupy only 10% of land. The state with its rich

tribal culture, bio-diversity and varied agro-climatic conditions in divergent altitudes

offers immense scope for the productions of various types of medicinal plants. Here

the tropical, temperate, high altitudes and alpine plants can be grown. A large number

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of people living in and around the forests depend on these medicinal plants for their

subsistence and income. Medicinal plants sector can provide socially beneficial,

environmentally benign and economically viable livelihood systems in the region.

Inspite of its richness of diversity and knowledge about the use of herbs, little

studies have been made of the plant diversity and ethnobotany of Manipur. At present,

the biodiversity surveys and ethnobotany in the three Medicinal Plants Conservation

Areas – Langol, Shirui- Khangkhui and Kailam had started the process. However, this

survey has been discontinued. No comprehensive inventory of the flora of the state

has been undertaken and documented. For effective and conservation measures, a

basic understanding of the flora is vital. A few botanists have compiled reports on the

Medicinal plants of Manipur which need to be upgraded or improved. Studies on the

subject is being taken up by Institute of Bioresource and Sustainable Development,

Life Sciences Department, Manipur University, Forest Department, State Medicinal

Plants Board, Manipur and others. However, their studies are all independent and

coordination of these initiatives has not been proposed till date.

The destructive processes, such as shifting cultivation, deforestation,

unscientific collection from the wild, encroachment, forest fire, lack of awareness etc,

have all led to the rapid depletion of Forest and fragmentation of habitats. As a result,

a large number of valuable medicinal plants such as Aquilaria agallocha, Taxas

wallichiana, Panax pseudoginseng , Picrorhiza arooa, Aconitum spp,. Berberis spp.,

Smilax glabra etc have become highly threatened in the state.

Need for setting up exsitu conservation plots:-

Each community in the state has their own set of traditional healers, utilizing

their own group of medicinal plants giving rise to differing health care system among

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the communities. Medicinal plants based health care system practiced by traditional

healers plays an important role in health care till today. Among the Meeteis, the Maiba

and Maibis play this role. The Maiba and Maibis are of 2 types- one set for traditional

religious rituals (pre Hinduism) and the other are traditional physicians like the Vaids.

Some of these traditional healers also use animal and its body parts to cure many

diseases such as the large centipede which when soaked in local brew and drinking the

tincture can cure cancer. Most of these healers are known for a particular disease such as

Padmashree Laishram Nabakishore for treating kidney stone. For treating bone

dislocation or fracture, many know about a healer in Shangshak, Ukhrul, who has healed

many cases where even the allopathic doctors had failed. For animal bite, different

healers are found for snake bite or dog bite. A cancer patient, who was discharged from

a hospital due to his grave situation, took the boiled extract of Oroxylum indicum bark

everyday for a few months and was eventually completely cured of his disease, when

checked by the doctors. A traditional healer, Dr Pouchunbou, admitted in one of the

trainings that he has kept his high Blood Pressure normal by taking 6 cloves of garlic

before lunch and dinner daily.

Dr. S.C. Sinha has reported that 1200 medicinal plants, indicating 430

species with local traditional medicinal uses, are found in Manipur. To save these

valuable medicinal plants of the state from destruction and disappearance, a

germplasm centre is urgently needed to be set up. This centre can also serve as an

educating facility for the school children and others for understanding the need of

conservation of biodiversity in general and medicinal plants in particular.

In 2006-07, a Herbal Garden was established at Raj Bhavan, Manipur, by the

Research, Silviculture & Training Division, Manipur. The list of Medicinal Plants

planted in the Garden are as given in Table - 1:-

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TABLE - 1

MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE HERBAL GARDEN, RAJ BHAVAN, IMPHAL, MANIPUR

SN Botanical Name Local Name Family Parts Used

1 Acorus calamus Ok-hidak Araceae Rhizome

2 Costus speciosus Khongban- Zingiberaceae Rhizomes

3 Hedychium

coronarium

Takhelei angouba Zingiberaceae Rhizomes

4 Tinospora cordifolia Ningthoukhongli Menispermaceae Stem

5 Andrographis

paniculata

Bhubati Acanthaceae Whole plant

6 Curcuma caesia Yaimu Zingiberaceae Rhizomes

Zingiber cassumunar Nagashing Zingiberaceae Rhizome

7 Rauwolfia serpentina - Apocynaceae Roots

8 Catharanthus roseus Sahib lei Apocynaceae Leaves

9 Oroxylum indicum Shamba Bignoniaceae Roots, leaves,

fruits, seeds

10 Sapindus trifoliatus Kekru Sapindaceae Fruits, Roots,

Barks

11 Santalum album Cha-chandan Santalaceae Heartwood

12 Bauhinia vareigata Chingthrao Caesalpinaceae Roots, Barks

13 Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae Leaves, Fruits,

Barks

14 Withania somnifera - Solanaceae Roots, Leaves

15 Mentha spicata Nungshi-hidak Lamiaceae Whole plant

16 Aloe barbadensis Ghrita kumari Liliaceae Leaves

17 Ocimum

kilimandscharicum

Karpur tulsi Lamiaceae Leaves

18 Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Lamiaceae Leaves

19 Gloriosa superba - Liliaceae Seeds & Tubers

20 Chlorophytum

borivilianum

- Liliaceae Roots

21 Asparagus racemosus Nungarei Liliaceae Roots

22 Adenanthera pavonia Chaning

angangba

Mimosaceae Barks, Leaves,

Seeds

23 Adhatoda vasica Nongmankha Acanthaceae Leaves, Stem,

Bark, Flower

Phlogacanthus

jenkinsii

Nongmankha Acanthaceae Leaves

24 Emblica officinalis Heikru Euphorbiaceae Fruits, Bark,

Leaves

25 Saraca asoca Ashoka Caesalpinaceae Bark, Leaves,

Flower, Seed

26 Aegle marmelos Heirikhagok Rutaceae Fruits, Leaves,

Root

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On the other hand, as a commemoration of the Jubilee year of Forest

Department of the state, a 2-Day National Level Workshop on “Potential and

Planning for Conservation & Development of Commercially Important Medicinal

Plants in North Eastern India” was held in July, 2007, in Manipur, where one of the

strong recommendation is for taking up insitu and exsitu conservation measures,

following which a proposal was submitted to NMPB, GOI, for establishment of a

Herbal Garden, where locally important, less known and rare 213 medicinal plants are

to be planted and conserved. The Project was sanctioned in 2007-08 and

implementation was completed in 2012-13. The list of medicinal plant species taken

up for conservation in this garden is as given in Table – 2.

TABLE - 2

MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE HERBAL GARDEN, LANGOL, IMPHAL, MANIPUR

SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses

1 Abelmoschus precatorius

Shrub

Chaning Seed, Root

2 Abutilon indicum

Herb

Seed, Leaves, Bark

3 Acalypha indica

Herb

Whole plant

4 Achrynthes aspera

Perennial Herb

Khujumpere Root, Seed, Leaves

5 Acorus calamus

Herb with rhizome

Ok-hidak Rhizome

6 Adenanthera pavonia

Tree

Chaning

angangba

Barks, Leaves,

Seeds, Heart wood

7 Adhatoda vasica

Shrub

Nongmankha

Angouba

Troot Leaves, Flower Flower &

Leaves as food

8 Aegle marmelos

Tree

Heirokhagok Fruit, leaf, Root Fruit as food

9 Ageratum conyzoides

Herb

Khongjai

napi

Leaves, flower Shoot as food

10 Allium hookerii

Herb

Maroi

napakpi

Whole plant Whole plant as

condiment

11 Albizzia lebbeck

Tree

Khok Whole plant

12 A.procera

Tree

Khal Whole plant

13 Alocasia indica

Herb

Hongngoo Petiole, Corm,

Leaves

14 A. macrorrhiza

Herb

Hongngoo Tuber, Leaves

15 Aloe barbadensis

Herb

Aloevera Leaf Cosmetics

soap

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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses

16 Alpinia galanga

Rhizomotous herb

Kanghoo Rhizome, Seed

17 Alstonia scholaris

Tree

Chaitan Whole

18 Amomum subulatum

Rhizomatous herb

Bara elaichi Seeds Seeds as spice

19 Amorphophallus campanulatum

Herb

Haopan Petiole, Corm, Seed

20 Andrographis paniculata

Herb

Bhubati Whole plant

21 Annona squamosa

Tree

Sitaphal Root, Seed Fruit as food

22 Aphanamixis polystachya

Tree

Heorangkoi Seed, Bark Fruit as food

23 Aquilaria agallocha

Tree

Agar Infected wood

24 Argemone mexicana

Herb

Khom

thongpee

Whole plant

25 Argvreia nervosa

Climber

Uritusonbi Whole plant

26 Artabotrys hexapetalis

Shrub

Chinichampa Flowers, Leaves

27 Artemisia maritima

Shrub

Leibakngou

manbi

Leaves, Flower

28 A.nilagiric

Shrub

Leibakngou Leaves

29 A.vulgaris

Shrub

Leibakngou Whole plant

30 Asclepias curassavica

Shrub

Khrishna

chura

Root, Leaves,

Flower

31 Asparagus racemosus

Climber

Nungarei Roots

32 Averrhoa carambola

Tree

Heinijom Fruits, Leaves

Root

Fruit as food

33 Azadirachta indica

Tree

Seed, Gum, Bark,

Leaves, Flower

Leaves in food

34 Bacopa monnieri

Herb

Brahmi Whole plant

35 Bambusa bambos

Grass

Saneibi Fermented shoot, Leaves As bamboo

raw material

36 Bambusa nutans

Grass

Wootang Leaves, Shoot

37 B. oliveriana

Grass

Warak Shoot

38 B-tulda

Grass

Ootang Leaves, Shoot As bamboo

raw material

39 B. Vulgaris

Grass

Jai baruwa Root, Shoot, Bark

40 Bauhinia vareigata

Tree

Chingthrao

angouba

Bark, Root, Flower Flower as food

41 Begonia hatacoa

Herb

Gandiang Whole plant

42 Benincasa hispida

Climber

Torobot Fruit, Seed Fruit as food

43 Betula alnoides

Tree

Whole plant

44 Bixa orellana

Tree

Ureirom Leaves, Fruit,

Seed

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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses

45 Blumea balsamifera

Shrub

Langthrei Leaves

46 Bombax ceiba

Tree

Tera Bark, Flower,

Fruit, Gum

47 Bridelia stipularis

Shrub

Lei kangron Bark, Leaves,

Seed

48 Butea monosperma

Tree

Pang Gong Seed, Leaves,

Bark, Flower

49 Calatropis gigantea

Shrub

Angkot Leaves, Root,

Flower

50 Canarium bengalense

Tree

Mekruk Leaves, Bark

51 Carica papaya

Tree

Awathabi Fruit , Root Fruit as food

52 Casearia vereca

Shrub

Leaves, Fruit

53 Cassia alata

Shrub

Daopata Leaves, Flower,

Seed

54 Cassia fistula

Tree

Chahui Bark, Fruit

55 Cedrella toona

Tree

Tairel Bark, Leaves Wood as

timber

56 Centella asiatica

Urban Herb

Peruk Whole plant Whole plant as

food

57 Chionachne koenigii

Herb

Whole plant

58 Chlorophytum arundinaceum

Herb

Root

59 Cinnamomum bejolghota

Tree

Tezpat Bark Dry leaves as

spice

60 C. camphora

Tree

Karpur Whole plant

61 C.zeylanicum

Tree

Ushingsha Bark, Leaves Dry bark as

spice

62 Cissampelos pareira

Climber

Root, Leaves

63 Cissus adnata

Climber

Kongngouyen

laba

Leaves

64 Citrus aurantium

Tree

Champra Leaves, Fruit Fruit as food

65 C.latipes

Tree

Heiribob Fruit Dry fruit peel

as spice

66 C.limon

Tree

Nobab Fruit Fruit as food

67 C.reticulate

Tree

Komla Fruit Fruit as food

68 C. sinensis

Tree

Musambi Fruit, Flower Fruit as food

69 Clerodendron indicum

Shrub

Kuthap Root, Leaves

Wood

70 C.serratum

Shrub

Moirang

Khanam

Root, Leaves

Seed

71 Coix lachrymal-jobi

Perennial Herb

Chaning Root, Grain

72 Costus speciosus

Perennial Herb

Khongbam

takhelei

Root

73 Curcuma amada

Rhizomatous Herb

Am Haldi Rhizome

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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses

74 C.aromatica

Rhizomatous Herb

Lam Yaingang Rhizome

75 C. caesia

Rhizomatous Herb

Amuba yaingang Rhizome

76 C.domestica

Rhizomatous Herb

Yaingang Rhizome Rhizome as

spice

77 Cymbogogon citrates Haona Leaves

78 Cynodon dactylon

Perennial grass

Tingthou Whole plant

79 Datura stramonium

Shrub

Shagol hidak Leaves, Fruit

80 Desmodium laxiflorum

Shrub

Porongkhokmanbi Bark, Flower,

Root

81 Dichroa febrifuga

Shrub

Root, Leaves

82 Dillenia indica

Tree

Heigri Fruit, Bark Fruit as food

83 Dioscorea alata

Climber

Ha Tuber Tuber as food

84 Dipterocarpus turbinatus

Tree

Yangou Resin Wood as

Timber

85 Elaeocarpus serratus

Tree

Chorphon Drupes, Leaves Fruit as food

86 Elshollzia blanda

Shrub

Pheiri Leaves

87 Emblica officinalis

Tree

Heikru Fruit, Bark, Leaf Fruit as food

88 Entada scandens

Climber

Kangkhil Bark, Seed, Fruit

89 Erythrina indica

Small Tree

Kurao angangba

90 Eupatorium birmanicum

Shrub

Langthrei Leaves

91 Euphorbia antiquorum

Shrub

Tengnou Whole plant

92 E. pulcherrima

Shrub

Lalpata Latex

93 Ficus glomerata

Tree

Heibong Whole plant Fruit as food

94 F. hispida

Tree

Ashi heibong Leaves, Bark,

Fruit, Seed

Fruit as food

95 Flaucortia jangomas

Tree

Heitroi Fruit, Bark Fruit as food

96 Garcinia peduculata

Tree

Heibung Fruit, Bark Fruit as food

97 Gloriosa superba Climber Seed, Tuber

98 Gmelina arborea

Tree

Wang Leaves, Root,

Fruit, Flower

Wood as

timber

99 Gynura cushimba

Herb

Terapaibi Whole plant Shoot as food

100 Hedychium coronarium

Rhizomatous Herb

Takhellei Leaves, Rhizome

101 H.marginatum

Rhizomatous Herb

Takhellei

angangba

Rhizome

102 H. spicatum

Rhizomatous Herb

Takhellei

hangampal

Rhizome

103 Hedyotis auriculata

Creeping Herb

Langban Koukha Leaves

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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses

104 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Shrub

Jubakushum Leaves, Flower

105 Holmskioldia sanguinea

Shrub

Kharam leithong Leaves, Flower

106 Holorrhena antidysentrica

Tree

Kurchi Whole plant

107 Homalonema aromatica

Rhizomatous Herb

Rhizome, Leaves

108 Houttuynia cordata

Perennial herb

Toningkhok Whole plant Salads

109 Hydnocarpus kurzi

Tree

Chalmugra Flower, Fruit, Seed

110 Ixora sub- sessilis

Tree

Shenglong

(Rongmei)

Bark, Fruit, Seed

111 Jasminum sambac

Shrub

Jatipuspa Leaves, Root,

Flower

112 Jatropha curcus

Shrub

Awa kege Leaves, Seed,

Bark

113 Juglans regia

Tree

Heijuga Fruit, Bark ,

Leaves

Fruit as food

114 Justicia gendarussa

Shrub

Leaves

115 Kaempferia galangal

Rhizomatous Herb

Yai thamna manbi Rhizome

116 Kizelia pinnata

Tree

Introduced and

used locally

Fruit, Bark

117 Lannea coromandelina

Tree

Aaman Bark, Fruit

118 Leea crispa

Shrub

Koknal Leaves, Root

119 Litsea glutinosa

Tree

Chingjai Bark ,Leaves

120 L. monopetala

Tree

Tumitla Bark ,Leaves

121 Mallotus philippensis

Tree

Ureirom laba Fruits

122 Mangifera indica

Tree

Heinou Whole plant Fruit as food

123 Melia azaderach

Tree

Seizrak Leaves, Bark, Fruits,

Flower, Gum, Seed, Wood

124 Melothria purpusilla

Climber

Lamthabi Whole plant

125 Mentha arevensis

Perennial herb

Nungshi hidak Whole plant Leaves as spice

126 M. spicata

Perennial herb

Nungshi hidak Whole plant Leaves as spice

127 Meyna laxiflora

Shrub

Heibi Leaves Fruit as food

128 Mimosa pudica

Shrub

Kangphal

ikaithabi

Leaves, Root

129 Mimusops elengi

Tree

Bokul Leaves, Bark, Seed, Fruits,

Flower

130 Momordica charantia

Climber

Karela Fruit, Root Fruit as food

131 Moringa oleifera

Tree

Shajna Whole plant Leaves as spice

132 Mucuna prureins

Climber

Root, Fruit,

Leaves, Seed

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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses

133 Mussaendra glabra

Shrub

Hanurei Leaves, Root

134 Nelumbo nucifera

Aquatic Plant

Thambal Root, Filament,

Flower, Seed,

Fruit as food, Stem

as food

135 Nerium indicum

Shrub

Kabilei Root, Leaves

136 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn

Tree

Singgarei Leaves, Bark

137 Ocimum americanum

Perennial herb

Tulsi amuba Whole plant

138 O.gratissimum

Perennial herb

Ramtulsi Leaves

139 O. kilimandschaticum

Perennial herb

Karpur tulsi Whole plant

140 Ocimum sanctum

Perennial herb

Tulsi Leaf

141 Ophiorrhiza mungos

Herb

Chak Lambi Root, Leaves

Bark

142 Oroxylum indicum

Tree

Samba Leaves, Bark, Fruit,

Seed

143 Paederia foetida

Climber

Oinam Leaves, Root,

Bark

144 Panax pseudoginseng

Rhizomotous herb

Tuber

145 Pandanus odoratissimus

Shrub

Ketukee Leaves, Flower

146 Paris polyphylla

Rhizomotous herb

Rhizome

147 Parkia roxburghii

Tree

Yongchak Whole plant Fruit as food

148 Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus

Shrub

Nongmankha

ashinba

Leaves, Fruits

149 Phoebe lanceolata

Tree

Uningthou Berries Wood as timber

150 Piper bantamense

Climber

Whole plant

151 P.betle

Climber

Panmana Leaves, Root,

Fruit

152 Piper longum

Climber

Uchithi Seed, Root, Fruit Fruit as spice

153 Plectranthus ternifolius

Shrub

Khoiju Leaves

154 Plumbago zeylanica

Shrub

Telhidak Seed, Root

155 Plumeria acuminate

Tree

Khagi leihao Leaves, Root,

Bark

156 Polygonum chinense

Shrub

Leibung tharam Whole plant

157 Pratia nummularia

Herb

Keehom maan Whole plant

158 Psidium guajava

Tree

Pungdol Leaves, Bark

Fruit, Flower

Fruit as food

159 Pteris ensiformis

Fern

Lei

changkhrang

Frond, Rhizome

160 Punica granatum

Shrub

Kaphoi Fruit, Leaves, Bark,

Root

Fruit as food

161 Quisqualis indica

Shrub

Fruit, Seed,

Leaves, Bark

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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses

162 Randia spinosa

Tree

Mainphal Whole plant

163 Rauwalfia serpentine

Shrub

Introduced Root, Leaves

Bark

164 Rhododendron arboretum

Tree

Khorom leishak

angangba

Leaves, Flower

165 Rhus succedanea

Tree

Heimang Leaves, Fruit Fruit as food

166 Ricinus communis

Shrub

Kege Leaves, Seed

167 Rubia cordifolia

Climber

Moyum Root, Leaves,

Stem

168 Rubus niveus

Shrub

Heijampat Leaves, Root

169 Salix tetrasperma

Tree

Ujain Leaves, Bark

170 Santalum album

Tree

Chandan Heart wood

171 Sapindus trifoliatus

Tree

Kekru Fruit, Root, Bark

172 Saraca asoca

Tree

Asoca Bark, Flower

173 Schefflera elata

Climber

Utang Bark

174 S.venulosa

Climber

Utang Roots

175 Schima wallichi

Tree

Usoi Bark

176 Scutellaria discolour

Tree

Yenakha Whole plant

177 Semecarpus anacardium

Tree

Bhela Fruit, Root, Resin

178 Sesamum indicum

Herb

Thoiding

amuba

Seed, Leaves Seeds as food

179 Sida acuta

Shrub

Uhal Leaves, Root

180 S.rhombifolia

Shrub

Uhal Whole plant

181 Smilax lancifolia

Climber

Kwamanbi Root Root/tuber used as

food

182 Solanum ferox

Shrub

Leipungkhangg

a

Fruit

183 Solanum indicum

Shrub

Leipungkhangg

a

Root

184 S.myriscanthum

Shrub

Lam Khamen Fruit, Shoot

185 Spondias macrophylla

Tree

Heining Fruit,Bark,Root Fruit as food

186 S. pinnata

Tree

Eikhoi Whole plant

187 Stephania japonica

Climber

Thangga uri

Angouba

Tuber, Leaves

188 Stereospermum suaveolens

Tree

Missi Whole plant Wood as timber

189 Streblus asper

Tree

Siora Whole plant

190 Swertia chirata

Herb

Seed,Leaves,

Bark,Root

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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses

191 Symplocos racemosa

Tree

Leiree Bark

192 Syzygium aromaticum

Tree

Cloves

193 Taxus wallichiana

Tree

Uchan manbi Whole plant

194 Tectona grandis

Tree

Chingsu Whole plant Wood as timber

195 Tephrosia purpurea

Shrub

Whole plant

196 Terminalia arjuna

Tree

Mayokpha Bark, Leaves

197 T. bellerica

Tree

Bahera Fruit, Bark

198 T. citrine

Tree

Manahi Fruit, Bark

199 T. chebula

Tree

Haritok Fruit, Bark

200 Tinospora cordifolia

Climber

Ningthou

khongli

Whole plant

201 Triumfetta rhomboidea

Shrub

Leehing Root, Leaves, Fruit,

Flower,Bark

202 Vanda tesselata

Orchid

Root, Leaves,

203 Vanilla planifolia

Climber

Whole plant

204 Vitex negundo

Shrub

Urikshibi Leaves, Root,

Fruits

205 Vitex peduncularis

Tree

Luwangkhoi Bark, Leaves

206 V. trifolia

Shrub

Urikshibi Leaves, Root,

Flower

207 Xylosma longifolia

Tree

Nongleisang Bark, Leaves

208 Zanthoxylum acanthopodium

Shrub

Mukthrubi Seed, Leaves Leaves as spice

209 Zingiber cassumunar

Rhizomatous Herb

Nagasing Rhizome Rhizome as spice

210 Zingiber officinale

Rhizomatous Herb

Shing Rhizome Rhizome as spice

211 Z.limonella

Rhizomatous Herb

Nagang Fruit

212 Zingiber zerumbet

Rhizomatous Herb

Yaimu Rhizome

213 Ziziphus jujuba

Tree

Boroi Leaves, Fruit Fruit as food

Many training on medicinal plants, with the Maiba, Maibis and traditional

healers of different tribes as participants, have been organised. During these trainings,

the participants have opined that the main difficulty they faced in their profession is

the remoteness and low population of their raw material plants. Recently, in some

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later training, the healers were taken to this Garden, where they have seen their raw

materials growing on a single plot. They have proposed for taking propagating

materials for planting in their own garden and their cultivating methods from the

Department. They have set up cultivation plots for the purpose in and around their

towns or villages.

Conclusion

Out of the 430 species of medicinal plants being used in the state, as reported

by Dr. S.C.Sinha, about half of them have been preserved in this Garden. Efforts for

establishing exsitu conservation plot for the remaining species needs to be taken up.

Moreover, studies for sustainable harvesting of these plants and their cultivation

protocol needs to be developed.

References

1. Sinha S.C. 1996. Medicinal Plants of Manipur, MASS & Sinha, Manipur Cultural

Integration Conference, Palace Compound, Imphal, Manipur, 795001

2. 2-Day National Level Workshop on “Potential and Planning for Conservation &

Development of Commercially Important Medicinal Plants in North Eastern India” July,

2007, Manipur and its Recommendations.