Exam #3 W 4/2 in class Review T 4/1 from 5-7pm in PAI 3.02 Before Exam #3: the nervous system, movement, and the immune system

Exam #3 W 4/2 in classReview T 4/1 from 5-7pm in PAI 3.02Before Exam #3:the nervous system,movement, and the immune system

esophagus

stomach

Taking in food and oxygen exposes us to pathogens

CB 18.2

Pathogen: a disease causing agent

Ebola

E. coli

Fungus from soil

Phage virus

various pathogens

The Immune System

• Non-specific:– barriers

• Specific:–B-cells -> antibodies

–T-cells

CB 43.2

Non-Specific Immune SystemBarriers: Skin-

DryInhospitableCompetitionSecretions (lysozyme)

Hairs and Mucus (protect openings)Traps particles, swallowed

Stomach acidkills pathogens

CB 43.2

CB 43.2 Skin protects us from most pathogens





CB 43.2

esophagus

stomach





CB 43.2

The Immune System

• Non-specific:– barriers

• Specific:–B-cells -> antibodies

–T-cells

CB 43.2

The Specific Immune System

B-cells and T-cells move through the circulatory system scanning for pathogens

B-cells develop in bone marrowT-cells in the thymus

CB 43.10

B-cells make and secrete antibodiesCB 43.12

Constant region

Variable region

An Antibody

CB 43.8

Antibodies recognize and bind to antigens

CB 43.7

Marked fordestructionby WBC

B-cells male antibodies that bind to antigens marking them for destruction CB 43.12 and 19

What about damaged or abnormal cells?

•Viral infections•Cancer cells•Non-functional cells

T-cells recognize and destroy abnormal cells

CB 43.16

Immune System OverviewCB 43.14

CB 43.13

It can take 7-14 days to produce sufficient antibodies to eliminate a pathogen

Marked fordestructionby WBC

Memory B-cells make the response to a second exposure more rapid

This is how vaccines work.

CB 43.17

Vaccines work via memory B-cells that make the response to a second exposure more rapid

CB 43.13

The immune system during HIV infection

Human Papilloma Virus

This will not be on the exam!

Human Papilloma Virus:the leading cause of

Genital warts

Cervical cancer



Genital warts

Cervical cancer

•Does HPV enter the lysogenic cycle?


• At least 50% of sexually active people will get HPV at some time in their lives.

•Every year in the United States, about 6.2 million people get HPV.

•HPV is most common in young women and men who are in their late teens and early 20s.

http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-vaccine.htm#hpvvac7


The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2006, over 9,700 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer and 3,700 women died from this cancer in the U.S.



The HPV vaccine developed by Merck, Gardasil, protects against four HPV types which account for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts.



The HPV vaccine is made up of proteins from the outer coat of the virus.



Genital warts

Cervical cancer


The Texas Department of Health has ruled that students must be current with immunizations in order to attend school unless an exemption has been filed with the school in accordance with Texas Education Code, Health and Safety, Chapter 38.0001.

Unless a child’s immunizations are current when school begins in August 2008, parents will be asked to obtain the needed immunizations before their child is allowed to return to school. This will not be on the exam!

Current mandated vaccines for attendance in Texas schools:3 doses of DPT, DTaP, DT, Td.4 doses of Polio1 dose of Measles on/after 1st birthday and 1 dose MMR on/after 1st birthday.3 doses of Hepatitis B1 dose of Varicella on/after 1st birthday (if the child has NOT had chickenpox)


The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11-12 year-old girls, and can be given to girls as young as 9.



The HPV vaccine is recommended for 11-12 year-old girls, and can be given to girls as young as 9.

For the vaccine to be effective, you must be vaccinated prior to exposure to HPV.



Effectiveness of HPV vaccine against cervical cancer


Effectiveness of HPV vaccine against genital warts


• The length of vaccine protection (immunity) is usually not known when a vaccine is first introduced.

•So far, studies have followed women for five years and found that women are still protected.



• The length of vaccine protection (immunity) is usually not known when a vaccine is first introduced.

•So far, studies have followed women for five years and found that women are still protected.

•More research is being done to find out how long protection will last, and if a booster vaccine is needed years later.



The retail price of the vaccine is $120 per dose ($360 for full series).

While some insurance companies may cover the vaccine, others may not.



Controversy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1Zg46JKDzM


Ebola

E. coli

Fungus from soil

Phage virus

Exam #3 W 4/2 in classReview T 4/1 from 5-7pm in PAI 3.02Before Exam #3: the nervous system, movement and the immune system

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Exam #3 W 4/2 in class Review T 4/1 from 5-7pm in PAI 3.02 Before Exam #3: the nervous system, movement, and the immune system