Exam Exc

OXFORD

ExamExce enceFelkeszules a kozep- es emelt szintu angol vizsqakra

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Examence

OXFORD

Contributors and consultantsDanuta Gryca, PolandJoanna Sosnowska, PolandRussell Whit eh ead , UKZsuzsanna Nyir6, HungaryDanica Gondova , SlovakiaEva Paulerova, Czech RepublicVictor N. Simkin, RussiaCvjetanka Bozanic, Croatia

UN IVE RS IT Y PR ESS

OXFORD

Exce

Introduction 6

Unit 1 Skill Task I Time Score Your notes

Fa mi ly life Reading 8 o Gap fill (missing ph rases) .... 25 min - / 10

Listening 9 o Ide nt ifying statem en ts mad e .. 20 m in - / 5

Use of English 9 o Wo rd fo rma t ion ga p f ill .... 45 min - / 6

Writing 10-11 o Writ ing a n e ma il .. 35 m in

o Writ ing an informal letter .. SS min

Speaking 11-12 o Situationa l role -pla y .... 25 m in

o Picture-based d iscussion .... 20 min

Listening 13 o True/Fa lse statements " 15 min - / 6

Use of English 13 o Multiple-choice gap fill • 35 m in - 17

Reading 14 o Multiple-ch oice questions 30 min - / 4

Writing 16 o Writing a n argumentative essay 80 min

Speaking 16·17 o Picture-based discuss ion 30 min

o Debate 25 min

Unit 2 Skill Task / Time Score Your notes

People and Reading 18 o Mat ching True /False sta teme nts to pa rag ra phs .... 35 min - / 8society

Listening 19 o Factu al e rro r correct ion " 15 min - / 8

Use of English 20 o Word format io n ga p fill .... 30 min - / 8

Writing 21 o Writ ing an informal letter .... 90 min

Speaking 21-22 o Situ at iona l ro le -pla y .. 2S min

o Picture-ba sed discussio n .... 30 min

Reading 24 o Missing se ntences ..... 30 m in - / 5

Listening 25 o Matching speakers to statements 2S min - / 8

Use of English 25 o Open d oz e " 25 min - / 8

Writing 26 o Writ ing a student magaz ine article 80 min

Speaking 26-27 o Picture-based discussion 40 m in

o Debate ..... 20 min

Unit 3 Skill Task /Time Score Your notes

Shops and Reading 28 o Multi ple -cho ice sta t e ments .... 35 min / 5services

Listening 29 o Identifying state me nts made .... 25 min / 5

Use of English 30 o Mult iple-choice ga p fill .... 25 min / 8

Writing 31 o Writi ng an a rgu me ntative essay .... 75 min

Speaking 31·32 o Situational role-p lay .... 30 min

o Pict ure -based discussion .... 20 min

Reading 34 o True/False statements 25 min / 8

Listening 35 o Filling in a form 40min 17

Use of English 35 o Open doze .. 25 min / 8

Writing 36 o Writ ing a letter of complaint 75 min

Speaking 36-37 o Pict ure -based discussion 25 min

o De bate 20 min

2 STUDY DIAR YUse the Stu dy Dia ry to plan and keep t rack of your exam preparation . Tick ./ each sect ionyou have com pleted. Record your score . Make notes that help you improve your results.

Unit 4 Skill Task ITime Score Your notes

Home Reading 38 o Mi ssing sentences .... 35 min - / 5

Listening 39 o Matching information .... 15 min - 17

Use of English 39 o M ultiple-choice gap fill ... 20 min - / 8

Writing 40-41 o Writing an email .... 40 min

o Writing an informal letter .... 70 min

Speaking 41·42 o Situational role-pla y .... 25 min

o Picture-based discussion .... 40 min

Reading 44 o Multiple matching 30 min - / 9

Listening 45 o True/False sta tements 20 min - 17

Use of English 46 o Ed it ing (word search) 40 min - / 10

Writing 46 o W riti ng a st udent magazine art icle . 80 min

Speaking 47 o St atistics-based discussion 30 m in

o Debate .... 10 min


Nature Reading 48 o Multiple mat ching .... 35 min - /6

Listening 49 o Factua l erro r co rrect io n .... 40 min - /6

Use of English 50 o Multip le-cho ice gap fi l l .... )0 min - /8

Writing SO-51 o Wri ti ng a leaflet .... 30 min

o Writ ing a formal let ter .... 70 min

Speaking 51·52 o Situation al role-play .... 40 min

o Picture-based di scussion .... 50 min

Reading 54 o Mi ssing sentences I 40 min - / 5

Listening 55 o Identifying t rue state ments 35 min - / 8

Use of English 55 o Verb form gap f ill 30 min - / 10

Writing 56 o Writing a discursive essay SOmin

Speaking 56·57 o Picture-based discussion 25 min

o Debat e 40 min

Unit 6 Skill Task ITime Score Your notes

School Reading 58 o Matching headings to paragraphs '" 35 min - / 8

Listening 59 o Completing notes .... 30 min - / 6

Use of English 59 o Word f ormat ion gap f ill .... 40 min - / 8

Writing 60-61 o Writing an invit atio n ... 45 min

o Writing an informa l letter .... 70 min

Speaking 62 o Situational ro le-pla y .... 35 min

o Pictu re-based discussion .... 35 min

Reading 64 o M issing sente nces ~ 30 min - / 4

Listening 65 o Matching statem ent s t o speake rs .. 25 min - /5

Use of English 65 o Open d oze ... 30 min - /9

Writing 66 o Wr iting an arg um entati ve essay '" 90 min

Speaking 66-67 o Picture-based di scussion 35 min


Use the Study Diary to plan and keep t rack of yo ur exam preparat ion . Tick ./ each sect ionyou have completed. Record your score . Make notes t hat he lp you improve your result s.

5TUDY DIA RY 3


Work Reading 68 o Missing sente nces ~ 35 min - 17

Listening 69 o Mu ltiple mat ching ~ 20 min - / 5

Use of English 70 o Open d oze ~ 35 min - / 8

Writing 70 o Wr it ing a fo rmal letter ~ 75 min

Speaking 71-72 o Situational rol e-play ~ 35 min

o Picture-based d iscussion ~ 35 min

Reading 74 o Multiple-choice statements 35 min - / 5

listening 75 o Matching statements to speakers ..... 20 min - / 8

Use of English 76 o Banked gap f ill I- 25 min - / 8

Writing 77 o Writing a fo rmalletterljob application ..... 70 min

Speaking 77 o Pict ure-based discussion 20 min


Health Reading 78 o Gap fi ll (missing phrases) ... 30 min - / 8

Listening 79 o Multiple-choice state ments "' 25 min - 17

Use of English 80 o Open doze ... 2S min - / 8

Writing 80 o W riting an informa l letter ~ 80 min

Speaking 81-82 o Situati onal role -pl ay ~ 20 min

o Picture-based discussion ... 25 min

Listening 83 o Completing notes ~ 20 min - /8

Use of English 83 o Mu ltiple-cho ice gap fi ll ~ 15 min - / 8

Reading 84 o Ordering paragraph s ~ 40 min - 17

Writing 86 o Writing a letter from the editor (of a st udent mag azin e), .. 60 min

Speaking 86-87 o Pict ure-based discussion 20 min

o Debate 25 min


Sport Reading 88 o Mi ssing sentences .... 40 min - / 6

Listening 89 o Mult iple-choice state men ts .... 25 min - / 5

Use of English 90 o Jumbled sentences ~ 20 min - / 8

Writing 90-91 o Writing an email .... 35 min

o Writ ing an informal letter .... 75 min

Speaking 91-92 o Situational ro le-play ... 25 min

o Picture-based discussion .... 20 min

Reading 93 o True/False sta te ments 35 min - / 6

Listening 94 o Completing notes 45 min - / 6

Use of English 94 o Wo rd format ion gap f ill "". 40 min - / 8

Writing 95 o Writ ing an argumentat ive essay ..... 80 min

Speaking 96-97 o Picture-based di scussion 25 min


4 STUDY DIARYUse th e Stud y Diary to plan and keep t rack of you r exam prepa ration. TIck ./ each sectionyou have com plete d. Record your score . Make notes that help you im prove your results.

Unit 10 Skill Task I Time Score Vour notes

Free t ime Reading 98 o Mi ssing sente nces ~ 30 min - 17and culture

Listening 99 o Tru e/False statements ~ 3S min - / 6

Use of English 100 o Banke d ga p f ill ~ 25 min - / 8

Writing 100-101 o Writ ing an ema il .. 25 min

o Writ ing an informa l letter " 65 min

Speaking 102 o Situational role-play .... 35 m in

o Picture-based discussion " 25 min

Reading 104 o Gap fi ll (missing phr ases) .... 3S min - / 6

Listening 105 o Mat chin g sta tements to speakers " 40 min - / 5

Use of English 105 o Open doze ~ 25 min - / 10

Writing 106-107 o Writ ing a book review (opt ion 1) .. 70 min

o W rit ing a lit erary essay (option 2) .. 70 min

Speaking 107 o Statistics-based discussion ..... 30 min


Travel Reading 108 o True/False statements ~ 50 min - / 8

Listening 109 o Multip le-choice statements " 25 min - / 6

Use of English 110 o Ad ject ive/adverb form gap fill .... 20 min - / 11

Writing 111 o W rit ing an argumenta t ive essay " 90 min

Speaking 111-112 o Situational role -play .. 40 min

o Pict ure-based discussion .... 35 min

Reading 114 o M ult ip le-cho ice statements .... 35 min - / 4

listening 115 b Complet ing statements ..... 30 min - /5

Use of English 116 o Banked gap f ill ..... 20 min - / 8

Writing 116 o W rit ing a student magazine ertlcfe js- 90 min

Speaking 117 o Sta t istics-based d iscussio n 30 min

o Debat e ~ 30 min


Science and Reading 118 o Matching sum mary statements " 40 min - / 6technology

Listening 119 o Multip le matching " 25 min - / 8

Use of English 120 o Word format ion gap fi ll ..... 30 min - / 8

Writing 120 o W rit ing a student magazine article " 65 min

Speaking 121-122 o Situational role -play ..... 30 min

o Pictu re-based discussion .. 40 min

Listening 123 o True/False statements ~ 35 min - / 10

Use of English 123 o Edit ing (word search) .. 40 min - /6

Reading 124 o Multi ple -choice statements " 35 min - / 5

Writing 126 o Writing a di scursive essay " 70 min

Speaking 126-127 o Pict ure-based discussion ..... 25 min


Speaking Bank 128

Writing Bank 131

Word Bank 141

Smart answer key 158

Use the Study Diary to plan and keep track of your exam preparat ion . Tick -/ each sectionyou have completed . Record your score. M ake notes that hel p you improve your results.

STU DY DIARY 5

What is Oxford Exam Excellence?

Oxford Exam Excellence is an intensive training courseto prepare for secondary school exams .

There are 12 uni ts which provide practice andexam tasks in Readin g, Listen ing, Use of English,Writing and Speaking.

All of these skills are practised at BI ievel (of th eCommo n European Framework), and each unit alsocon tains ext ra practice of all skills for students whowant to take an exam at a higher level (B2/C l).

Each unit is organis ed around a ce ntral topic,which is then explored from a variety of differentviewpoints.

The book also has a referen ce section with aWriting Bank, a Speaking Ban k and a Word Bank .

The Smart answer key at th e back of the bookexplains why th e right answers are correct or why th eothers are wrong.

Oxford Exam Excellence com es with its own SmartAudio CD, which contains all the recordings for thelisten ing tasks.

What is in a Unit?

Every uni t explores one broad topi c, for example,'Fam ily life' . Each section looks at this topic from asligh tly different point of view.

All sections con ta in practi ce exe rcises wh ichalways lead to an exa m task. Also included areuseful t ips o n how to study for the exam, on howto do cer tain exa m task types, and on impo rta ntlanguage po ints.

The var ious skills sections are usually featured inthe follow ing ord er:• Read ing• Listen ing• Use of English• Writi ng• Spea kingAt the end of eac h uni t, yo u will find extra practi ceexercises and exam tasks to prepare yo u for exa msat a hi gh er level. These exe rcises and tasks are mored ifficu lt th an the ones at the beginning of the unit .Thi s High er level pa rt also features all five skills.

How do I use Oxford Exam Excellence?

The more you use the book, th e better preparedyo u will be for the exa m . If you have time toco mplete the whole co urse , you will have thoroughtrain ing in all the typ ical exa m skills and tasks, andwill cove r all the topics and key voca bulary yo u arelikely to encoun ter in the exa ms.

You can use any sect ion of the book at any timeand in any order you want: yo u don't have to workyour way th rough from beginning to end.

6 INTRODUCTION

If you need flexib ility, but st ill wan t to get themost out of Oxford Exam Excellence, we reco mmendthe following work plan:

1 Decide what yOIl want to focus on practising

Oxford Exam Excellence has a Study Diary o npages 2-3 that is more than just a list ofcon ten ts: it is also a great tool for planning yourown train ing programme.• If you want to explore an exa m top ic

thoroughly (for exam ple, 'Science andtechnology'), check wh ich uni t deals withthat top ic and work your way th rou gh thedifferent sections in it .

• If you want to practise a certai n skill (forexa mple, Listen ing), use the Stu dy Diary tofind whe re th e various Listen ing sections are,and choose the ones wh ich focus on the tasktypes you need to work on .

• If yo u want to train yourse lf in a cer tain tasktype (for exa mple, mul tip le-choice gap-filltasks), the Study Diary can te ll yo u whichsections feature this task; t ry to choose ava riety of different topics and skills wherepossib le.

2 Plan YOllr time

Each section tells you rough ly how much timeyou will need to co mplete it , inclu d ing thepractic e exercises as well as the exa m task at theend. Th is is just an estima te to help you withplanning ; it might act uall y take yo u a bit less ora bit mor e time.

Whe re th ere are two di fferent tasks with in aSpeak ing or Writ ing section, there is an estimategiven for th e total tim e to co mplete bo th parts(p ractice and exam tasks), and also a separateest imate for each pa rt , in case you on ly ha vetime to do one or the other.

The exam box also shows a time, but this ismore a sugges tion than an est imate: we suggestthat you use a watch to time yourse lf andpract ise completing the tasks with in the tim esuggested; the times given for the exa m tasksclosely match the amount of time you wouldhave in the real exa m.

3 Practise

Focus first on the exercises in a section wh ichprepare yo u for the exa m task. Don 't skip anyexe rcises as they all help yo u deal more easilywith th e exa m tas k later on . In a few sectionsth ere are follow-up exercises afte r the exa m task.

You will find plen ty of How to study tips. Usethese tips as much as yo u can .

Check your answers to the practice exe rcisesin th e Sma rt answer key (a note at the bo tto mof every page tells you where th is is).

Make a note in the Study Diary of anymistakes you make, so you can make sure youavoid th em next time.

4 Do ti le exal/l task

Always read the instructions carefully to mak esure you know wh at to do.

Read th e Exam tip before you start doingth e task.

Whe n you' re practisi ng Writing or Speaking,you can prepa re for the task by looking at theexamples in the Writing Bank or Speaking Bank.

Complete the task (and remember to timeyourself).

Before you look at the Smart answer key,check th e answe rs you have written - it's goodpractice, and will prevent you from losingpoints in th e exa m for small mistakes.

Read th e answers in the Smart answer keyand mark your score.

Record your score in th e Study Diary, and addyour own notes to remind yourself of things youwould like to focus on next time you practise.

S Keel' track ofYOllr progress

Use th e Study Diary to :• make notes about any mistakes you hav e

made after you have finished the practiceexercises,

• record your score and make no tes on theexam task after you have completed it,

• tick every section you have already done.

How do I prepare for exams at aHigher level?

Oxford Exam Excellence provides thorough pra cticeat a lower in termediate (B1) and an upperintermediate (B2/C l) level. If you are preparing foran exam at the Higher level, complete both thefirst and the seco nd par t of each unit you use.

If you on ly want to practi se some, but not allthe, skills at th e High er level, do all the skills in thefirst part of the unit, and only the skill(s) you wantto practise in the Higher level section.

What if I don't want to prepare for anexam at a Higher level?

For th orough training at th e B1 level you only needto complete th e first half of each unit. You don 'tneed to do the High er level.

But even if you are preparing for a B1 exam, youmay want to try completing certain sections fromthe Higher level, to look a topic from a new po in tof view, for example, or to practise a differen t tasktype. In this case, don't worry if you don't get allthe answers right. Work your way through th esection syste ma tically and use the Sma rt an swerkey to learn wh at you need to know.

What's in the reference section?

Writitlg Ba tik:• example texts for all the text types required by

the exam tasks (from emails andformal/informal letters to essays)

• usefu l tips• lists of phrases you can use for each text typeSpeaking Ba tik:• useful com munication phrases - for all the

fun ctions you will ne ed to use to com plete thedifferent Speaking exam tasks

Word Bati k:• key vocabulary from every unit• essential extra vocabulary for every exa m topi c• phonetic transcriptions for bett er pronunciati on

What's a Smart answer key?

The Smart answer key not only tells you what th ecorrect answers are, but explains in clear, simpleEnglish why those answers are correct, and also whyth e other answers are wrong. lt also tells you thingsto watch out for (for example, typical erro rs).

You will find answers for all the pra cticeexercises an d exam tasks. For open communicationtasks where there is no 'correct' answer, it co ntainsuseful no tes about wha t's expected in th e exam, orabout the best approach to the task.

The Smart answer key also has the transcripts ofall listening texts.

What's a Smart Audio CD?

Th e Smart Audio CD contains all th e reco rdings forth e Li stening exercises and exa m tasks. You willhear a wide variety of English speakers anddifferent dial ects spo ken at natural speed.

lt plays like a normal Audio CD in your CDplayer. However, if you use the CD in a com puter,you can find the transcripts for all th e record ingsin Microsoft Word® format. You can edit th esetranscripts to create your own listening exercises,for example:• replace a word in each sentence with a blank

line to create a gap-fill ta sk,• jumble up the order of paragraphs in a longer

text to create an ordering task,• change some words in th e text to create a fact-

correction task.Use your new tasks for extra practi ce a bit later on- no t immediately, as it would be too easy torem ember wha t the or iginal was.

Alternatively, swap with an other student and tryto complete each other's tasks.

We hope you will en joy working with OxfordExam Excellence and that it will give you all theskills and confidence you need to be success ful inyour exam!Best wish es from Oxford

INTRODUCTION 7

Reading .... 25 minutes READING EXAM ~ 15 minutes

FAMILY

Read this short article about British and American families.Choose the best phrase from A-K to fill in gaps 1-10, toco m p lete the text. Th ere is one phrase that yo u won't needto use.

W HEN British and American people use the word family____ t he mot her, father and thei r child ren . In a gene ral

social context, 'the fa mily' is usually 2 mean thisnuclear fam ily.

Society in Brita in and the US s a nuclear familyliving in the same house and 4 each other's lives.Fifty years ago, t he typical f amily was a husband and a wife,and t wo or three chi ldren. The f ather spent all day at workand 5 decisions abo ut how the money he earnedwas spent. The mother stayed at ho me to manage t he houseand look after the children. Children we re ' theirparents.

Many modern fa milies live rather differently, and becauseof t his some people think that the fami ly unit is dying andsociety ' . Many coupies still get married, but otherslive together w ithout ' . A few yea rs ago, couplesliving together usually got marr ied when ' a fa miiy,but t his happens less now. Another trend is '" _married lat er in life and to have fewer child ren, so t he size ofthe average fam ily is shri nki ng.

1 Read the a rti cl e in exercise 3 3quickly. Then put thefo llowing headings thatsu m m arise each paragraphin the correct order.

a Modern familiesb What we mean wh en we

talk about familyc The way fam ilies lived in

the past

12:1

2 Read the article in exercise 3aga in quickly, and answerthe questions.

1 What is a 'n uclea r family'?2 How d id the fathe r spe nd

a typi cal day fifty yea rsago?

:1 How did the motherspend a ty pica l day fiftyyears ago?

4 Why are so me peopleworried abo ut soc ietytoday'!

5 Do co up les that li ve

togethe r always getmarried?

6 Are modern familiesnorma lly larger or smallerthan those fifty years ago?

EXAM TIP

A taken toB close ly in volved inC gett ing marriedD they ofte n mean on lyE is being wea kenedF for people to get

G mad e most of theH which norma lly cons ists ofI they wan ted to startJ expec ted to obeyK is tradit io nall y based on

4 Read the instructions to exercise 6 and a ns wer the followingquestions .

1 Who will you be listening to in the recordi ng?2 Who is the adv ice aimed at?:1 Wha t other useful informat ion can you find in the ins tru ctions?

Rememb er, the meaning of th emissi ng phrase is importan t, butread the completed sentenceagain to check that the chosenext ract also fits in grammatically.

Listening

Answers on page 158

~ 20 minutes

8 FAM ILY LIFE

5 Read the statements in exercise 6 an d d ecide which of thepossible titles below might best summarise the text you aregoing to hear.

a How can we ens u re o ur ch ild ren 's safe ty whe n they' re alone athome?

b The dan gers that ch ildre n have to face in their every day livesc How to train our children to be indepen den t whe n they grow up

Smart answ er key on page 158

] believe and belief

9 Write similar defin itions to t he ones inexercise 8 to explain t he following verbs andnouns.

7 Put the correct fo rm of the verb clean in eachga p.

] I en joy _ _ the house every Monda ymorni ng.

2 It's Monday iunch time and I _ _ the hou sealrea dy.

3 I think most of the houses in my street __at least once a week .

4 My mother says my father thinks the house_ _ by magic!

5 My friends arrived wh ile I __ my room.6 In the future, houses __ by robots.

8 Put the co rrect noun form of the underlinedverb in th e gap to co mplete the defin iti ons.

] If you invent someth ing important, this_ _ ma y become famous.

2 Something that arrives, such as a planefligh t, is an __.

3 You can say you improve some th ing, or thatyou make an _ _ to it .

4 Som eth ing you publish , such as a book or amagazin e, is a __.

5 If you explain some thing clea rly, then youare giving a clear __.

6 Someone who tra ins people to do someth ingis a __.

...... 45 minutesUse of English

6 ~ 01 First read sentences A-j below. Youare going to hear a psychologist givingadvice to parents. Decide which five out ofthe ten pieces of advice are given in therecordi ng.

A 0 Your decision should not only be basedon your children's age.

B 0 Tell your children not to answertelephone calls.

C 0 Instruct your children to open the dooronly to people they know well.

D 0 Don't leave your children alone formore than three hours.

E 0 Teach your children to keep the housekey in their schoolbag.

F 0 Don't allow your children to use thecooker.

G 0 Teach your children what to do in caseof fire.

H 0 Ask a neighbour to keep an eye onwhat's going on.

o Keep alcohol out of the reach of yourchildren.

J 0 Don't stress your children by ta lkingabout possible dangers.

If you have access to Eng lish·s peaking radio or televisionbroadcasts, try to listen to and watc h progra mmes ontopics that you are interested in. It is best to do this onregular basis, if possible for at least 15 minutes a day.Th is will help you to get a feel for the language.

HOW TO STUDY

LISTENING EXAM .. 10 minutes

Answers on page 158 2 depart and departure

EXAM TIP

The fi rst time you listen, mark all those sentences whichmatch the statements made in the recording. Quicklycheck jf you have marked the same num ber ofsentences specified in the instructions. If necessary, findthe missing answers whe n you listen for the second

time.

3 per form and performance

HOW TO STUDY

You can expand your vocabulary by learni ng thedifferent parts of speech for words - for example, fromthe verb expectyou can make the noun expectation, andthe adjectives expectedand unexpected. Keep avocabulary notebook or lists and include d ifferent partsof speech.

Smart answer key on page 158 FAMilY LIFE 9

WRITING EXAM ~ 25 minutes

12 Rewrite David 's message, adding thein form atio n he's missed o ut .

SURVEY

W RLDDAILY LIVES

13 You see t his advertisement in an Internetforu m. Wr ite your response in an email of40-50 words.

..---------....

10 Complete the text by putting the correctform of the word in brackets into each gap.

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 m inutes

If you stop to think about it, the histo ry ofhousework is the history of everything.Housework ' (CHANGE) anamazing amount in only the last hu ndredyears or so. The ' (INVENT) ofelectricity was very important, and it led tothe ' (ARRIVE) of the washingmachine, the vacuum cleaner, thedishwasher, and so on . Housework_ _ _ _ (BE) much harder without them

fifty yea rs ago. It's not just technologythat's different- these days, most husbands____ (EXPECT) by their wives to

share the housework. Overall, then, we cansee a great ' (IMPROVE) inrelation to housework , especially forwomen - although the environmental costof modern housework is high.

Housew.or~history

An sw ers on page 159Answ ers on page 159

EXAM TIP

Writing ~ 90 minutes

Writing an email ~ 35 minutes

When you write a short text, such as an email message,always check you have included all the necessary pointsfrom the instructions.

• •

4 when/eat? D5 when/study? D6 what/e lse? D

11 Read the task and the advertisement inexercise 13 ca re fully, Then read the messagebelow, and decide if the writer has includedall the requested information. Tick theappro p ria te box.

I who/you? D2 where/from? D3 whe n /sleep? D

I'm Davi d. I s lee p like a log from 10 p.m .un til the a larm goes off at 7 a.m. I havebreakfast at 7.30 a.rn ., lunch at middayand then di nn er at 6 p.m. I really do n'tlike do ing homework . I t ry to playfootball as often as possibl e, and usuallyman ag e to every day.

o

l

Writing an informal letter ~ 55 minutes

14 Are these sta te m en ts about writing in fo rmalletters true or fa lse?

It's normal to use contractions, like they'refor they are, in informal letters. T / F

2 You do n't need to use paragraphs ininformal let ters. T / F

3 Planning what to wri te is less im portant forinformal lett ers than for formal letters. T / F

4 You should try to make informal letters asin teresti ng as poss ible, for example by usinga range of verbs and ad ject ives. T / F

5 The most common tense used in informalletters is the Present Con tinuous. T / F

6 Informal letters tend to be shorter thanformal letters. T / F

7 You should th ink carefully about the readerof informal letters. T / F

10 FAMi lY LIFE Smart answer key on page 159

18 Underline the parts of the dialogue thath elped you to answer the questions inexercise 17 .

Situational role-play ~ 25 minutes

17 '" 02 Listen and read the d ialogue below andanswer these questions.

1 What is Mark goi ng to do for Agneta?2 Whe n are th ey going to meet ?3 What is Agneta goi ng to help Mark with?

Speaking ~ 4S minutes

I'm really pleased you can help me, Mark.Th at 's OK. 1 know there's too m uchhou sework for one person to do. Whatwould you like me to do?Could you clean the windows?OK. But I'm quite busy right now. Can wedo it in the evening, perhaps?I'm goi ng to th e cinema later. Are youfree after school?Yes, I 'll mee t you at your hou se afterschool.Fantastic! And the n I 111/1St return thefavour. How can I help you?Could you help me with my Englishhom ework ? It 's really difficult this week .Sure .Agn eta

Agneta

Mark

Mark

Agneta

AgnctaMark

AgnetaMark

Mtj WIde-. So I'd re-tllltj like- +0

bto.w tlbw+ tj0l.<r +tlvol.<ri+e

+tlMiltj Me-Mbe-r. Wl-to is it? Wl-ttj

dO tj0l.< like- l-tiM or l-te-r so Ml.<cl-t?

Wl-ttl+ doe-s l-te- or sl-te- look like-?

Wl-ttl+ doe-s l-te- or sl-te- dO?


16 Below is part of a letter you receive fromyour penfriend abroad. Write your reply in100-120 words.

15 Read this extract fro m a le tter. It containseigh t gram m ar mistakes. Can you find themand correct them?

Everybody think my siste r is very good-looking.She has a huge wardrobe fu ll with clothes andshe always well dressed - but I think she wearstoo man y make-up! She seems she's quitepopul ar, why she has a wide circle of friends.She's always either out with frien ds and athome ta lking with the pho ne to th em .

19 What kinds of housework a re there? Howmany more can you add to the list?

Answers on page 159

EXAM TIP

Always plan your writing carefully. Look carefully at thetopic or question and let ideas come into your head.Then start to organise them into a suitable order. Thenwrite one or more sentences for each idea. Build th eseries of sentences into paragraphs. When you havefinished your first draft, check very carefully formistakes.

d_o .fhe. dus.fiOlq

/\.lake. .fhe. oe.ds

do .fhe. washiOlq

s~e.e.p the. patio

HOW TO STUDY

One way to practise speaking accurately is to write adialogu e, chec k it for mistakes, and then practisespeaking it, with a partner if possible.

Smart answer key on page 159 fAMILY LIf E 11

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 5 minutes

20 Your friend's parents a re away for a fewdays. You have agreed to help your friendwith some housework.

Find out wha t housework your friendneeds help with .Find out a time you're both free.Agree what your friend will do for you inreturn .

Answers on page 159

Picture-based discussion ~ 20 minutes

21 Here arc some sentences st uden ts sa id aboutfamili es. Each sentence conta ins a m istake.Can you find and co rrect the m istakes?

1 If you have olde r brothers and sisters, th eycan giving you useful advice.

2 In a big family, never you ma y learn to beindepende nt.

3 So your fam ily is sma ll, you' ll probably ha veyour ow n bedroom.

4 Your bro the rs and sisters can play by youwhe n your parents are busy.

22 Choose from the words below to co mpletethe expressions used for giving opinions.

as in · to on

1 _ _ my exper ience , a small family is bet ter.2 According _ _ a TV programme I saw,

there are fewer big famili es now.3 As far __ I'm concerned, the bigger the

better.4 It depends __ whe re you live, but I prefer

sma ll famili es.

HOW TO STUDY

When you study for tasks like exercise 23 here, practiseseveral times. Each time, concentrate on a different

factor, e.g. choice of vocabulary, pron unciat ion,spea king fluently, and so on.


23 Look at th e two photos of families .Com pa re and contrast them. Include thefollowing points:

• adv ice and support• independence• space at home• attention from parents

An swers on page 159

12 fA MilY lifE Smart answe r key on page 159

2 Un derli ne the word or wordsin exercise 1 which make thesentence different in meaningfro m the statement inexercise 3.

1 Read these pairs of sen tences1-6 and the correspondingsta te ments 1-6 in ex ercise 3. Ineac h ca se, which on e of thetwo sentences h ere means thesa me as the statement inexercise 3?

a [ohn's parents grew uphere, and so did he.

b j ohn 's parents come fromup north , and moved herebefore he was born.

2 a j ohn's fam ily alwaysseem ed very h appy toAnge la.

b Angela th inks there aresome probl ems in j ohn'sfamily.

3 a Angela 's family are havinga big party next month,but she 'd prefer to dosome th ing else.

b Ange la can 't wait for thispart y next month everyone's coming.

4 a j ohn's expec ted to join hisuncle's co mpany, but it 'sreally boring there.

b John really wants his uncleto give him a job in hiscompany.

S a Angela's big siste r ha sreally helped her by tellingher what to do.

b Ange la's always told h erolde r sister wh at sheshould do.

6 a j ohn's brother 's neverstudied at uni versity.

b j ohn 's brother is no longerat college.

Answers on page 159

3S minutes

both · andtoo • also • thatto • than

1 1 like coffee _ _ tea.2 1 like __ coffee and tea .3 I like coffee and __ tea.4 I like coffee and tea __.S I like coffee more __ tea.6 I prefer coffee __ tea.7 I'd rather have coffee _ _ tea.

In the listening exam, the task items are in the same order as yo u hearthem in the recordin g. When you listen for the fi rst time, check whichsta te men ts you're D.Q.t g iven any information about (all false), then decideif the remainin g statements are true or false when you listen for theseco nd time .

S Angela's o lde r sister has given her useful adv ice. _6 j ohn's brother recently left university. _

EXAM TIP

3 '" 03 You will hear two friends, John and Angela, talkingabout their families . Read through statements 1-6. Asyou listen, decide if each statement is true (T) or false (F),according to the information you hear.

1 John grew up in the same town as his parents. _2 Angela says john's family is a happy one. _3 Angela is looking forward to a big family party next

month. _4 John hopes to work in hi s uncle's business in the future.

S Com plete these sentences by writing one word in each gap.

1 He wants to improve, __ he practises a lot.2 __ he wants to improve, he pra ctises a lot.3 He wants to improve - th at' s __ he practi ses a lot .4 __ to his ambition to succeed, he does a lot of practice.S __ of his ambitio n to win, he's always practisin g.6 His desire to do well means _ _ he practises a great deal.

LISTENING EXAM ~ 15 m inutes

4 Choose from these words to complete the sentences below.One word is used twice, and one word isn't used in anygap.

Use of English

40 minutesListening

Smart answer key on page 159 FAMILY LIFE 13

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes

7 Complete the text by choosing the correct option: A, B, C or0 , to fill each gal'.

6 Read these sentences. Ch oose from the verbs listed after thesentences to com plete the gaps. Notice that the word outcomes afte r ea ch gap and is con n ected to the meaning of theverb. Th in k about the form of the verb.

1 The gro up are _ _ out a new CO next month .2 You mu st __ out of the hotel by 11 a.m.3 She injured her knee an d _ _ out of th e race.4 The detective investigated until he __ out who the murderer

was.5 You'l l succeed if you _ _ out your plan.6 They __ out for the mountains early in the morning.

30 minutes

8 Read the titl e of the articlein exercise 9 on page IS.Which of the followingtopics does the title of thearticle suggest?

1 Fathers are read y toparticipat e in takin g careof children, and th is issur prising.

2 Fath ers should been couraged to parti cipatein childcare more actively.

3 Working women wanttheir partners to take oversome ch ildcareresponsibilities.

Reading

pu lIedfoundsetcarry br inging check

soprocessbring

EXAM TIP

When you have completed amultiple-choice task, check thatyou did not leave a questionunanswered. If you really don'tknow the correct answer, it's

better to guess than not to givean answer.

Now read the text quicklyto check yo ur answer.

D botho thoroughD knowingD madeooo

As you explore this route to the past, you' lI develop new skills,which you can use in many ways. You'll a lso en joy th eexcitement of the detective ' _. The voyage of discovery intoyour family 's past often leads to a greater understanding ofhi stor y. It's also a social pastime, and will ' _ you into contactwith many new and like-minded people.

1 A and B too C also2 A fulI B complete C whole3 A finding B meeting C learning4 A set B done C put5 A because B since C why6 A course B movem ent C step7 A send B carry C give

What's the point of family history?

Fam ily h istory is ' _ referred to as genea logy. It is one of thewo rld's most popular pastimes, and milli ons of peopl e aro undthe plan et are investigating their origins as I writ e this. Fromz_ beginners to experienced genealogists, th e attraction of 3 _

out more about the past through your own family is hard toresist. Once you have 3 _ out on the research road, the workcan become absolutely fascinating. There are many reasons i .L .


EXAM TIP

Before you look at the choices A-D for each gap, try to think of a word thatcould fit in the gap. Even if you can't think of a particular word, decide whatpart of speech - verb, noun, etc. - it needs to be.

14 FAMILY LIFE Smart answer key on page 160

READING EXAM ""'-.......- 2S minutes

9 Read the newspaper article below on how fathers take part in looking after their children.Ch oose the best answer: a, b, c, o r d, to questions 1-4.

Why fathers want to lookafter the baby (yes, really)One of the most extensive surveys of fathers hasnow shown that, far from the ste reotype, mostmen would like to share childcare duties withtheir partners or wives.The survey made by the Equal Opportun ities Commissionshows a modern type of father : the New Dad. He takes partin day-to-day childcare and does not mind helping withthe vacuum ing and washing-up - if onl y when his partnerasks him to. The EOC interviewed sixty-four fathers andtheir partners about their home and wor k life. Most fathersagreed that it was important to 'be there' for their childrenfor key even ts such as school sports day, their firstappearance in the school play and for at least one mea l aday. Many agreed that parenting classes would be a goodway to give them more confidence around the home.

Based on the survey resu lts, four types of fathers weredefined, from the traditional type of dad to the perfectNew Dad, who is as much involved in taking care of thechildren as the mother. The survey found that the majorityof men we re somewhere between these two types.

In the first category comes Enforcer Dad, the oldfashioned disciplinarian w ho does not see himself asinvolved in the day-ta-day care of his children. He sees hisrespo nsibili ties as settin g clear limits for them and being arole mod el. Most fathers do no t see this as their only role.

The two biggest categor ies are Entertainer Dad andUseful Dad . Entertainer Dad is at his best keeping hischildren laughing wh ile his pa rtner gets on withhousehold chores and arranging the children's school andextra activities. Useful Dad is willing to help out aroundthe house, even thoug h he expects the mother to be the'team leader' in all things domestic.

Finally, and probab ly every woman's dream, is FullyInvolved Dad. He is equally engaged in running the homeand the family, and sees the role of the father and themother as practically iden tical. Fully Involved Dads adjusttheir work arrangements to their partners' professionalduties. 'I do have definite childcare commitments,' saidone father in this category. 'There are certain times oroccasions where it is non-negotiable and 1 just leave theoffice on time.'

[ulie Melior, chairwoman of the EOC, said that fatherswere still not given enough flexibility at work and motherswould feel fully supported only if employers treated (andpaid) both sexes equally. 'Mums and dads should be ableto choose how they want to share the responsibilities ofbringing up children and working outside the home: shesaid. 'But unt il we have equal pay, decent childcare andmore opportunit ies to work flexible hours, many fatherswill continue to find it hard to be there for their childrenand many women will cont inue to be disadvantaged atwork. This is not necessarily the best solution for parents,children or emp loyers. Equality at work or home depe ndson both mum s' and dads' family responsibi lities be ingacknowledged: Melior said.

Smart answer key on page 160

1 Why would many fathers like to go toparenting classes?a To learn how to do da y-ta-da y

ch ildcare.b Becau se they want to atten d

important sch ool even ts .c Because they think it 's important to

be in volved in the da y-ta-day care ofch ild ren.

d So they can be more con fide n t indealing with domestic issues.

2 How do Enforcer Dads view their role inchildcare?a Th ey don't see childca re as their

responsibility.b They teach their ch ild ren di scipline

by setting an exam ple for them.c They keep children amused while

their partner get s on withhousework.

d It's important for them to beinvolved in the day-ta-da y care oftheir children.

3 How do Fully Involved Dads find timeto share childcare responsibilities withtheir partners?a They run the home an d the famil y,

so their partners can focus on theirprofessional duties.

b They fit their work com m itm en ts totheir partn er's arrangements.

c They often leave the office early.d They think it's their partner's

responsibility to n egotiate flexibilityat their workplace.

4 What does ]ulie Mellor think employerssh ould do?a Employers should p rovide both

parents with equal pay and flexiblewo rkin g hours.

b They should allow parents to workfrom home so they can look aft ertheir ch ild ren .

c They sh ou ld give women m oresupport so they can take o n more ofthe childcare responsibilities athome.

d They should pa y women morebecause they are often di sadvantagedin the workp lace.

Answers

FAMILY LIFE 15

Writing an argumentative essay

If yo u' re working with a partner, discussyo ur a ns wers. Talk about yo ur rea sons.

answer think · factors co nsideringreasons concl usion im port an ce referever loo k

55 minutes

30 minutes

14 Read these sentences. Thi n k about theirmeaning and what may be missing in thegaps. Then choose the correct phrase fromthe list underneath to com plete thesen te n ces.

Your school education has a significant effecton __ your life.

2 School isn't as important as university,where you make __ what to study foryour career.

3 Most people wan t to start a famil y, an dmarriage is __ this.

4 The partnershi p of marriage is _ _ twoind ividua ls sha ring a home.

Speaking

13 If you're working alone, answer eac hquestion in no more than three sentences . Ifyou 're working with a partner, discussdifferent ways of answering each question.

What was your first day at school like? Howdid you feel?

2 What is it you're going to miss most whenyou leave school? Why?

3 How do married couples help each other?4 Sho uld everybody get married?

Picture-based discussion

80 m inutes

FriendsFamily

homework

music

holidays

sport

food

Writing

10 Look at the list below. Who is moreimportant to you, you r famil y or you rfriends, in relation to these things? Tick thebox for each onc.

11 Read these sentences taken fro m essays aboutfamily a nd fr ien ds. Fill in the gaps with asuitable word from the list below. Use eachword only once. There are two gaps in eachsentence.

Answers on page 161

SPEAKING EXAM: • 10 minutes

15 The two photos show different turningpoints in life. Which image do you thinkrepresents a more important turning point?Why? Com pa re and contrast the pictures.

1 When _ _ family and society, there isn't asimple right or wrong _ _ .

2 When we _ _ about this sub ject, itdepends on wh ich society we __ to.

3 The re are a nu mber of __ why I believetha t the family is still as important as __.

4 If we __ at th e issue of education, th e__ of the fam ily is clear.

5 Taking all these _ _ into acco unt, my__ is that the role of fam ily is changing,but it remains highly important.

your own choice ofthe first step towards

the rest ofmore than just

EXAM TIPWRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes

12 Write an essay of 200-250 words for oragainst this statement:

Peopl e used to think that th e fam ily playedan impor tan t ro le in society, but times havechanged and no w the family is much lessimportant .

Don't worry if you can't think of much to say in theexa m. Start with straightforwa rd observations - thingswhich are easy and clear to say abo ut the ph oto orphotos - and build on these until you reach more

complex ideas.

An sw ers on pOIlge 161

EXAM TIP

W hen wr iting essays, always spend tim e thinking about

your ideas and opinions before you try to start writing

the essay. Record these in notes- either as lists or mindmaps. In yo ur essay, use eac h main idea as the basis of aparagraph.

16 FAMILY LIFE Smart answer key on page 160

Debate 25 minutes ' ..

16 Match words 1-8 to thei r syno n ym s a-h.

1 leave out a separate2 loo k at b firstly3 pr im aril y c cons ide r4 in co ntrast d in additio n5 co nnected e mostly6 unrelated f co nversely7 first of all g dependent8 moreover h disregard

17 Use words from exercise 16 to co m plete thefollow ing sen te n ces.

1 Before reaching any so rt of co ncl us io n, __we must examine the cha ng ing roles withi nthe fam ily.

2 Even if we __ the questions of incomeand car eer develo pmen t, thi s is st ill acomplicat ed issue.

3 When we __ the falling number ofmarriages and the rising number of divorces,we can see that th e number of single-paren tfam ilies is in creasing.

4 Having a good job is often regardednowadays as mor e important than having afamily. _ _ , the responsibility of starting afamil y appeals to fewe r and fewer people.


18 Read the following statement. Do youagree or d isagree with it? Prepare so m earguments to support your opinion, th endiscuss the issue with your partner,responding to any counter-arguments theyhave.

Mothers should stay at home to look afte rtheir ch ildren until they're old enough tostart formal educa tio n .

Answer s on page 161

EXAM TIP

When you have to talk about a given subject at length,try to use phrases that organise your arguments intoconnected speech. You can find phrases for orderingkey points, giving examples, expressing your opinion,etc. in the Speaking Bank on page 128.

Smart answer key on page' 61 FA M ILY LIFE 17

Reading~-

~ 35 minutes READING EXAM

1 Read the title from the article in exercise 4.What do you think the article is going to beabout?

2 Read statem en ts 1 and 2 below. Which of theother sentences: a , b, or c, has the samemeaning as 1 and 2?

I Stella didn 't buy the dres s because it didn'tsuit her.a She didn 't want to bu y the dress.b Th e dress didn't loo k good on her.c Th e dre ss wasn't the right size.

2 Unl ess th e guaran tee is stamped, your radiowon 't be replaced.a Th e radio can't be rep laced if th e

guaran tee is not stamped .b There is no guarantee the rad io will be

replaced.c If yo u have a guara ntee, the radio will be

replaced .

3 Now read the following extracts 1 and 2from the article. Choose the option: a, b, orc, that best summarises the m ain idea in theextract. Did you choose the same answer asin exercise 2? Mark T (true). Did you chooseso mething different? Mark F (false).

I Stella was sorry she co uldn't buy the dress.The cut was the latest fashi on and the colourma tched her eyes perfectly, but she'd put onsome weight lately and she just couldn't doup the zip.a She didn't want to bu y the dress.b The dress didn't look good on her.c Th e dress wasn't the right size.Stella didn 't buy tile dress as it didn't suit her.T /F

2 The radio has a 12-mon th gua rantee .Remember, however, to have it stam ped atth e cash desk. Otherwise, we won't be ab leto replace it if it doesn 't work properly.a Th e radio can't be rep laced if the

guarantee is not stam ped.b Th ere is no guarantee the radio will be

rep laced.c If you have a guarantee, the radio will be

rep laced .Unless tile guarantee is stamped, YOllr radiowon 't be replaced. T / F

18 PEOPLE AN D SOC IETY

4 Read the arti cle below. Then rea d st atements1- 8 and find t he paragra ph (A- E) in t he te xtwhich con tains information abou t th em .Write the correct letter in the gap. Finally,decide if the stat ements are true (T) o r fa lse (F).

SUITS or SMART CASUAL?The modern office dilemma

A Once, it was easy to know what to wear to the office.For male managers, it w as alw ays a da rk suit andwhite shirt with a tie . With the arr iva l of Dress-DownFriday, all the old ru les went away. Some companiesintroduced the system in which once a week (onFriday) the employees were allowed to wear casualclothes of their choice. In recent years, casual dressda ys at the office have become w idesp read in theUSA, and employees are starting to push the policy toextreme limits. Casual Fridays have become so casualthat some people are coming to work in ou tfits thatresemble pyjamas.

B In a recent poll. 82% of Americans thought that it isOK for businesses to ha ve a dress-down da y, while12% thought it is not. Those who opposed the dressdown policy pointed out that casual dress style mightencourage casual or sloppy work. Others commentedthat the relaxed atmosphe re and comfort of casua lclothes lead s to increased productivity.

C So what's appropriate for the office? Experts differ inopinions, but there are a few points they agree on.Ripped and worn looking jeans, shorts and Hawaiianprint shirts are all unacceptable. Faded den im is alsoassociated with sloppiness. Keep your look sma rt. Forexample, pair up dark jeans with a button-downblazer.

o There are two important factors when di scussingdress codes in the workplace . First of all, it must beclear. Em ployees need to kno w w hat is expected ofthe m; otherw ise, a dress code that is meant to create arela xed atmosphere might actually increa se stress.Second, employees must always cons ide r theirclients. We spoke w ith a lawyer in a firm with a casualdress policy who keeps a jacket and tie in his office,and put s it on whe n expecting a client who might beoffended by a more casual approach.

E And one final thing - no matter what clothes peoplewear, they must always be clea n and neat. Coffeestains are unacceptabl e on the front of one's casual aswell as one's formal shirt.


EXAM TIP

LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

S Read t h e descriptions of two people in exercise 6 . Fill in thefollowing table with the information.

Person 2

~ 15 minutes

Person 1

Clothes

Other distinguish ing features

Ot her facia l features

Age

Height and weight

Hair

Male/Female?

First look at the title of the article and read the text quickly to get a generalidea of what it's about. Then read the true/ false statements and make sure

you understand them. Find the parts of the text which contain inform ationabout the stateme nts. If the information in the text matches the informationin the statement, markT (true). If the information doesn't confirm thestatement (or there is no information about it), mark F(false).

6 ~04 First read the descriptions below. Then listen to a radioannouncement, and cross out the mistakes in thedescriptions. Listen again an d write down the correctinformation on the lines below the text. Th ere are eigh tdifferences between the recording an d the text below.

The police are looking for two suspects in con nec tion with therecent bank robbery in Reading. The first suspect is a white manin hi s fortie s. He is fairly ove rweight, quite short and he's gotcur ly, brown hair. He's got a broken no se and ha s a moustach e.When last seen, he was wearing torn blu e jeans and a baggy Tshirt. He's also got a tattoo of a heart with the word 'Angela'written in it .

Listening

~ 1S minutes

_ Cleanliness is alwaysimportant in theworkplace. T / F

2 _ Employers shouldprecisely specify whatth eir employees mightwear on casual days .

. T / F

3 _ Latel y, someemployees have startedwearing unusuallyinformal clothes for theoffice. T / F

4 _ Some clients ma y notaccept casual dres s codein business situations.T / F

5 _ In th e USA, themajority of bu sinesseshave introduced casualdress days . T / F

6 _ Experts agree onwhat should be worn forth e office . T / F

7 _ Some people believetha t the way employeesdress influences thequa lity of their work.T /F

8 _ Jeans are consideredinappropriate for officecasua l days. T / F

The poli ce are also looking for a young woman in her earlytwenties. She's tall and attractive - she's got long, wavy, blondehair. Her nose is rather long. Wh en last seen , she was wearing ashort black skirt, black T-shirt, a leather jacket and black boots.

1234

5678

Answers on page 161 Answers on page 161

Smart answer key on page 16 1 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY 19

EXAM TIP USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes

7 Choose the correct option to complete thesentences.

8 Look at the eight words in brackets in thetext in exercise 9. How many different wordscan you form with each one?

custo maccustom , accustomed, customise, customary,customa rilv, customer

2 fam e

Read the descriptions first. Try to picture in your mindwhat the peop le described look like. This will help youfocuson the detailswhen you hear the correctdescriptions. As you're listening, read the text and markthe details that seem different. When you listen for thesecond time, checkyour choices and write down thecorrect answer. Check that you've found all the requireddifferences.

Recognising cultural imagesand symbols

An sw ers on page 162

Some activiti es focus on places and peopl eassociated with the culture, some allow th elearner to 7 (explorer) th e cultural___ _ (refer) in popular songs.

The aim of the activ ities in this section is to____ (familiar) students with popular

ima ges and symbols in the target culture. Asecondary aim is to help students to____ (identity) and compare th e images

and symbols in British and American culture,and then to contrast these with the imagesand symbols in their own.

When we live in a particular country, weautomatically become exposed and____ (custom) to a range of images and

symbols embedded in songs and pictures,places, and traditions. These images andsymbols include 2 (fame) peopl e inthe culture , and arch itectural and landscapefeatures . The 1 (able) of students torecognise these images help s them to feelmore ' (confide) and to becomemore fluent.

9 Read the text taken from the Teacher'sBook of an English course. Fill in gaps 1-8with a suitable word formed from theprompts in the brackets.

Before you fill in any gaps, read the text paying specialattention to the words before and after each gap. Thesehelp you decide what part of speech the missing wordshould be.

EXAM TIP

~ 30 minutes

It may not be possible / possibility to invit eeveryone from the team.

2 They continued th eir correspond /correspondence through a coup le ofdecades .

3 I love English Lite rature. I've read practical /practically every classic English novel th atexists.

4 His assista nt always com pa n ies /accompanies her on her pro mo tio nal tours.

5 We would like to clarity / clarify what thecondit ions are.

6 The main character / characterise in thefilm is played by the famous Fren ch star.

7 Young peopl e often depend / dependent onth eir parents fina ncially.

8 I wou ld like you to send me a report /reporter on the curren t situation.

Use of English

3 able

4 confide

5 fami liar

6 identity

7 explorer

8 refer

\

What part of speech (verb, noun, ad jecti ve,adverb, etc.) is each word you have formed?What part of speech is the original word?

20 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY Smart answer key on page 162

Writing ~ 90 minutes WRITING EXAM: ~ 60 minutes

Writing an informal letter

10 Put the phrases in each sen tence into thecorrect order.

differen t from / being a / teenagers / I think /when my / teenager today / is very /parents were / .

2 ways we / freedom today / In some / havemore / .

3 other ways / life is / But in / and difficult /more compl icated / .

4 a lot / I feel /today put / on teenagers / ofpressure / that paren ts / .

5 not / every teenager / It is / the best / to be /possible for / .

6 feel I / space / Sometimes I / some / justneed / .

11 Read th ese incomplet e sen tences. Try tothink of words to fill the gaps . Use only onewo rd in each ga p .

I believe friendship __ always be __important part of __ lives.

2 A goo d friend __ someone __ you canreally trust .

3 I love my parents, __ course, but I spendmore time _ _ friends.

4 I prefer __ have a few close friends __ alot of acquaintance s.

5 Whe n my brother met _ _ girlfriend, hesto pped spending time _ _ his friends.

6 I hop e to stay __ tou ch with all myfriends whe n I'm __ university.

12 Each of these sentences contains a mistake.Can you find th e mistakes and correct them?

I These days, man y people live together notwith getting marr ied .

2 I myself hop e to getting ma rried one day.3 I need meet the right person first.4 I hope I'll be as happy in marriage as my

parents be.5 My cousin we nt to wo rk in Scotland and

married the Scottish woma n.6 Marriage depends on tall levels of pati ence

an d understanding.

13 Match ea ch start of a sentence 1-4 with itsconclusion A-D.

14 Write a letter to your penfriend in the VK.She or he wants to know about your life inyour country. Tell him or her about:

• being a teenager• friendships• wh at you think about marriage.

Write about 200 words.

Answers on page 162

EXAM TIP

You should plan your letter by following the inst ructionsclosely. Your plan should includ e a paragraph for eachcontent point required. A letter also needs to have anopening and a closing. Look at the example of aninformal letter in the Writing Bank on page 132.

Speaking ~ 55 minutes


15 Match the two parts of questions together.

1 Wh at do you A any suggestions?2 Do you have B think about it?3 Wh at should we C to do about it .4 I wonder what D do about if!

16 Put the letters of the underlined words intothe correct order.

1 Tha t' s a great diae.2 Tha t 's a goo d ni sgugesto.3 Tha t could be snit teringe .4 I wonder if that could be tfulifdic.5 Don't you think that might be catecoml'lid?

17 Put the missing words in the sentences tomake questions.

work • do • explain • say • think

1 Could you __ a bit more?2 How would that _ _ ?3 Could you __ that again?4 What sho uld we __ after that?5 Do you __ that idea is best?

I I hope that you2 It was great3 Write and tell4 I really hop e to


A to hear from youB me all your news.C visit the VK one day.D are well an d h appy.

PEOPLE AND SOCIETY 21

SPEAKING EXAM... 10 minutes

18 You and a group of friendsare planning a streetfestival to take place inyour neighbourhood inthe summer. Here aresome notes.

Discuss the notes and thesituation and then decidewhat to do. You can addyour own ideas.

• music - dan ce music?local folk singers?food - ask neighbours?use restauran t? cost?

• invitations - emai leveryone? posters?

• ch ild ren - fun activ ities?com peti tio ns? or nosma ll ch ild ren invited?

Answers on page 163

EXAM TIP

Remember that the examinerwants to know how you interactin the role-play situation - in otherwords, how you communicateand respond to ideas, opinionsand suggestions. Practise ways ofresponding to what other peoplesay to you.

Picture-based discussion30 minutes

19 Use the words be low tocom plete these questions .

Hving • stress • clo the s •like • married • from •name · time

I What's your __?2 Where are yo u __?3 What do yo u do for a

-_?4 Are you __?5 What do you do in your

spare _ _ ?6 Where do yo u bu y your

-_?7 Do you suffer much from

- _ ?8 Do you see your fam ily as

much as yOll would __?

22 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY Smart answer key on page 163


20 Look at the two photos.Choose one photo, a ndimagine you are thatperson.

If you're working with apartner, take it in turns tointerview ea ch other,asking the questions fromexercise 19, and answeringfrom your imagination. Ifyou're working alone, writedown the answers to thequestions in exe rci se 19.

21 Correct the mistake in eachof these sentences.

1 I th ink he standing in atrain station.

2 He obviously likeskateboarding.

3 He's dressing like a typicalbusiness ma n .

4 He's wearing loose,casually clothes.

S I guess that he's student .6 I suppose I'd have more

by com mon with theyounger man .

SPEAKING EXAM__ 10 minutes

22 Look at the two photos.Com pare and cont rast thetwo men.

o Whe re are they?o Wh at are they doing?

Wh at jobs do you thinkthey do?

o Wh at are they wearing?o What do you think their

clo thes say about theirpersonalities?

Answers on page 163

EXAM TIP

When you are discussing a pictureand explaining your ideas andopinions, there aren't any 'right'or 'wrong' answers. The importan tth ing is to keep talking, so thatthe examiner can see how muchEnglish you know.


Reading 30 minutes READING EXAM ~ 20 minutes

1 Read the text in exercise 2quickly, and put thefollowing points in order tofo rm a summary o f thea rticle.

a Thousa nds live on thestreet.

b Tile Big Issue is a financialsuccess, and it generateshuge amo unts of moneyto be spe n t on goodcauses.

c Cu ltural landmarks standnext to tem porary she ltersfor pe op le sleep ing rough.

d In the 1980s, many peoplearr ived in the capita l insea rch of a home and ajob.

e The Big Issu e is now aninternational initiative.

f Th e life of homelesspeople on the South Bankwas im mo rta lised in at heatre play.

g People can offer suppor tthrough specialorgan isations and bybu ying Tile Big Issue.

1234567

EXAM TIP

Before you fill in the gaps, readthrough the text to ge t a generalsense of what each paragraph isabout. This will help you decidewhich extracts belong to whichpart of the text.

24 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY

2 Read the newspaper article about Tile Big Issue magazine.Five sentences have been removed from the text. Put thecorrect sen tence from A-F below in each space to form alogical , cohere n t an d co rrect text. There is one extrasentence you are n ot going to n eed.

From Rags To Riches

At the southern end of Waterloo Bridge in Londo n, by the banks of

the River Thames, stand the Royal .National Theatre, the Nation al

Film Theatre and the Royal Festival Hall. 1_ _ They have

become a mecca for the homeless. The place is littered with the cardboard

boxes and old mattresses that they use as beds. It became so popu lar there in

the 1980s that each person had their own, much-prized space that they would

guard carefully. 2__ This was also the name of a theatre play directed by

the now famous Oscar-winner (for American Beauty) Sam Mendes.

The 1980s saw an enormous increase in people sleeping rough in

Brita in, as many unemployed came to cities in the south, espec ially London.where jobs were easier to f ind. 3__ They ended up with no work and

nowhere to live. Today the housing charity Shelter estimates there are around

100,000 homeless people in London alone, who are either in tempo rary

accommodation or simply living on the streets. These people ofte n hang

around ra ilway stations and other public places asking for money.The British public are asked by their government not to give money to

street beggars. 4__ Another way you can help is to buy a copy of The Big

Issue weekly magazine.Run for the homeless, The Big Issue is a success on many levels. Its first

issue was published in 199 1, it won the Magazine of the Year award in 1993,

and sells 270,000 copies week ly, which means a readership of over onemillion. s__ The magazine is actually sold by the homeless themselves,

which gives them a chance to earn money and retain a sense of dignity.

Encouraged by its succ ess in Brita in. The Big Issue has become

international. and now seventeen titles throughout Europe are being

published.

A But it 's virtua lly im possibl e to get a job in Brita in without ape rmane nt ad dress, and it 's very diffi cu lt to get somew hereto live if you don 't have a job, so most of th ose people gottrapped .

B Peop le sym pathetic to the homeless are bein g to ld to donatemoney to charities who spec ia lise in car ing fo r th e poor or tooffer beggars gifts of foo d or clo thes ins tead of mone y.

C It gave them a sense of secur ity and became so permanentthat the locals gave the area a n ickname - Cardboard City.

D The Lab ou r Party admin istration cla ims that many of the sepeople are homeless by choice, and that there are many drugad dicts among them .

E All profits are reinvested into the magazine or diverted toThe Big Issue Founda tion, a charity that runs man y socialsup port programmes for the homeless.

F In stark co ntrast to this centre of London 's cultu ral activity,are the subways close by, which offer some relief from thecold at night.

Answ ers on pag e 163


Listening 25 minutes Use of English 25 minutes

3 Match words 1-8 with words A- H to formcollocations. Use each word only once.

1 general A views2 political B development3 th ird C official4 in ternational D relations5 governme nt E opportun ities6 hu man F election7 eq ual G world8 econom ic H righ ts

Try to ex pla in the meaning of eachcollocation in you r own words. If necessary,look up the phrases in a d ictionary.

4 Read t he questions in exercise S. How couldyou say the follow in g phrases in di fferentwords? Try to th in k of as many ways aspossible to say them.

I best-in for med2 take an act ive part3 in terested in4 incompetent5 do mestic


S ~ 05 You are going to hear four peopletalking about their political views. Matchspeakers (A, B, C, or D) to the sentencesabout them. Write the correct letter in eac hbox. Where there are two boxes, you needto choose two speakers.

Which of the speakers: A, B, C, or D:

seems to be best-in form ed about the politicalsituation in their country? 1 0

say they tak e an active part in politicaleven ts? 2 0 3 0

are interested in in tern ationa lpolitics? 4 0 5 0

think most polit icians are incompetent?6 07 0

isn 't in terested in domestic politics? 8 0

An sw ers on p ag e 163

EXAM TIP

Make sure you' re familiar with th e key vocabulary of themain exam topics so you can focus on the generalmeaning of the recording and the information required

by the task.


6 Read the text in exercise 7. Don't fill in anygaps yet. Answer these questions.

I Why are Irish people popular around th eworld?

2 What's the nam e of the Irish Nationa lHoliday? Whe n is it?

3 Whe n and whe re was the first Parade held ?4 Which countries organise parad es on th e

National Holiday?5 Wh at does the day celebrate?


7 Read the text about the Irish NationalHoliday. Fill in gaps 1-8 with a suitableword. Use only one word in each gap.

Going green

Some say that if you would like to buy apa ssport on the black market, an Irish___ would be the mo st expens ive.___ Irish are warrn-heart ed, open and

friendly peopl e and are welcome everywhe re.No surprise, th en , th at St Pat rick's Day iscelebrated on 17 March every yea r in morecoun tries around the world th an " _othe r Nationa l Holiday. On th is day ' _wants to be Irish .

The first St Patrick's Day Parad e was organisedin Boston in 1737. Nowa days, parades___ held in mo st places whe re th e Irish

have been forced, or have chosen , toem igrate. Wh ether 6 is Dublin,London, New York 7 Sydney, peopleflock to participa te and to watch . ' itis a com me mo ration of a Ch ristian saint, it isa day of celebration for all Irish peop le of allreligions and creeds.

Answers on page 164

EXAM TIP

In this type of task, the exa miners wa nt to find out howyou can use grammar and functional vocabulary. It 's nota test of how big your vocabulary is. This means mostof th e missing words will be gramma r wo rds andfunction words (the verb be, auxiliaries, art icles, linkingwo rds, prepositions, etc.).

PEO PLE AND SoCIETY 25

Writing 80 minutes WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes

8 Use these verbs to fill the gaps.

Writing a student magazine article

I to __ good/best friends with somebo dy2 to __ friends with someb ody3 to __ on well with somebo dy4 to _ _ a lot o f/all your time with some body5 to _ _ a good/close friendship with

some body

60 minutes

40 minutes

Give reasons. If you 're working with apartner, discuss your ideas together.

EXAM TIP

Write your article in 200--250 words.Ch oose a good title for yo ur article.

An sw ers on pag e 164

Start writing by thinking . Use your imagination. Makerough note s of ideas as you think of them . Onc e youhave plenty of ideas, then you can start to organisethem into a plan. Put your ideas into a logical order.Each main idea or group of ideas should be the basis fora paragraph.

13 The editors of a student m agazine haveasked you to write an article aboutfriendship . They would like you to in cl ud ethe following:

what qualities make someone a goodfriend

• how friends ca n help eac h other• whethe r it is better to have a wide circle of

friends or a few close friends.

14 Look at the four girls in the photo on page27. Which one do you think:

does the most spo rt?loves reading?gets the highest marks at school?wan ts to be a doctor?has the biggest family?


Speaking

getmakespendbehave

9 Put the letters into the correct order to makenouns that refer to personal characteristics.

I roumhu h _

2 cen tileligen3 stonehy h _4 yotally 1 _5 taipence p _6 skin nes d k _

10 Use adjectives based on the nouns you haveformed in exercise 9 to complete thesesentences.

A David's a very _ _ person - you can believeeve ry word he says.

11 George is extrem ely __ - I think he caresmor e ab out hi s friends than about himself.

C Clara is so __ - she keep s winning all theschool co mpetitions .

D Mark's very __ - which is good , becau seI'm always fo rgetting things, or arriving lat e.

E Anna's a ve ry __ friend - she's always onmy side.

F Ivan's so fu nny - he makes us all laugh allthe time wit h hi s _ _ stories .

11 Think about friendship. What do you thinkarc the most important characteristics for afriend? Choose the three things from exercise9 that you think are the most important.If you 're working with a partner, discussyour ideas together.

12 Co m plete this part of a magazine article bywriting one word in each gap.

' _ _ far as I'm concerned, the most importantq ua lity for a friend to have is a sense ofadven ture. This z_ _ becau se I like people' _ _ surp rise me, who keep me on m y toes.Th ere ' _ _ a number of reasons s__ Ibelieve that a few close friends are morevaluable than a wid e circle of friends. First"_ _ all, J think yo u need to spe nd time alonewith someone in orde r r__ get to know themreall y we ll. '__ add ition, there is the questionof trust.

15 Match the following description to one ofthe girls.

She ha s short , mid-brown hair and quite awarm sm ile. She is rather shy and dep ends onher friends to give her co n fide nce. She is veryaffect ionate .

16 Write a similar description of one of theother girls.

If you're working with a partner, read yourdescription out to your partner. Your partnershould guess which girl you are describing.Then listen to your partner's description andguess which girl it is about.

26 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY Smart answe r key on page 164

17 Read the text below and try to think whatwords would fit in the gaps. Th en ch oosewords from the list underneath the text tocom plete the text.

It ' _ _ likely to me that these girls are all atthe same school. From the z__ they aresitt ing toge ther, yo u can ' _ _ that they areclose frien ds. I •__ tha t they spend a lot ortime toge ther. I don't th in k they can be siste rs,because th ey 5__ the same age. It's '__ thatthey are all cousins, I suppose.

seems te ll · seem • possible wayexpect

HOW TO STUDY

Practise describing peo ple and things as much as yo ucan, as often as you can. You can do it in your headwhen yo u are walking or on the bus, for example.

SPEAKING EXAM .. 10 minutes

18 Look at th e ph oto of a group of youngpe ople.

What do they look like?How well do you think they know eachot he r?

• What sorts of things do th ey do together?• Wha t do they ta lk about?

Answers on page 164


Debate .. 20 minutes

19 Look at the following sta te m ents, then putthem into the right groups in the tablebelow.

• That 's right! I couldn 't agree with you more.• I'm not sure that's tru e. I see your point.

Surely you don't th ink that ... Abso lutely!Have you considere d .. .?I do n 't see why/how. My point exac tly.Actua lly, .. . • I can go along with that.I ta ke your point. Don't you agree?

Agree

Disagree

Accept that the oth er pe rson 's right

Persu ade the other pe rson that yo u're right

Add some more exp ressions of your own toeach group.

SPEAKING EXAM i"" 10 minutes

20 Read the following statement, and decideif you agree or disagree. Prepare someargu men ts to support your viewpoin t, thendiscuss the issue with a pa rtner, respondingto any counter-arguments t hey have.

Money can buy everyth ing, even happiness.

Answers on page 165

EXAM TIP

In thi s task, the focus is on how we ll you communicateyo ur ideas - not on whether you are right or wrong.Look at the phrases you could use in a discussion in theSpeaking Bank on page 128 and in exe rcise 19.


Reading ... 3S minutes READING EXAM

1 Read the a rt icle in exercise 4 quickly. What isit abou t?

Th e article is abouta a very typical Briti sh ins titu tion.b the conseque nces of an unhealthy di et.c the way a fu ll Eng lish b reakfast is pre pa red.

2 Read the fo llow ing extracts from the text.W hat do yo u think the underlined wordsand p h rases mean? Work out their meaningfrom the co ntext (without using ad ictionary).

I These small restaur ants are so common thatthey often go un not iced, but if they wereremoved, the coun try wo uld be on its kn ees.

To be 011 one's knees meansa to be very happy.b to be nearly destroyed .c to be very diffi cult to notice.

2 ... there are h undred s of them, fuelling thepopulation with bacon, egg and sausage.

To file! in this co ntext meansa to feed .b to drive.c to poison.

3 In a ty pical greasy spoon , you will findpeople from all wa lks of life. Poets, builders,hurrying businessmen, stude nts lazingaround with huge mugs of tea.

People from all walks of lifea are not very we ll-off.b come from different social groups.c ha ve a lot of free time.

3 Decide which of phrases 1-8 below (takenfrom the a rticle) have a positive (+) andw h ich h ave a negative (- ) meaning. Write +or - .

I an essen tial part of life __2 a sticky, greasy layer __3 a h uge me nu _ _4 clea n and fun ctional __5 cracked lin oleum __6 da ngerous ly unhe althy _ _7 abso lute ly de licio us _ _8 noth ing ca n beat go ing to the real thing

28 SHOPS AND SERVICES

4 Read the article about 'greasy spoons'. Thencomplete statements 1-5 with the bestending: a, b, C, or d.

'GreasY spoons' very rarely appear inguidebooks, but they are an essential part of lifein the UK, especially for people living in thebigger cities. These small restau rants are socommon that they often go unnoticed, but if theywere removed, the country wou ld be on its knees.In London, the capital city of the greasy spoon,there are hundreds of them, fuelling thepopulation with bacon, egg and sausage.

Greasy spoon cafes are so called because anycutlery that comes into contact with the food theyoffer is immediately coated with a sticky, greasylayer of lard. More calories can be found in a cupof tea in a good greasy spoon than in a wholemeal at a normal restaurant.

Greasy spoons are generally found slightlyaway from the main streets of most towns, theyusually have large glass windows, a plastic signwith the name of the cafe - usually containing thename of the owner, e.g. Mario's, Bob's Place,Rita's Cafe - and a huge menu offering a widevariety of delights. Inside they are generally cleanand functional. You'l l see old wooden seats,tables covered with cracked linoleum and plainwalls. Each table has on it a bottle of brownsauce, tomato ketchup and vinegar, and pots ofsalt and pepper.

Ina typical greasy spoon, you will find peoplefrom al l walks of life. Poets, bu ilders, hurryingbusinessmen, students lazing around with hugemugs of tea. Some read novels, some stare intospace, and others catch up on the day's news. Atweekends there will always be large groups offriends, recovering from a night on the town.

The meals here are dangerously unhealthy,and absolutely delicious. All kinds of fried foodcan be bought for incredibly low prices. Thecentrepiece is usually the traditional Englishbreakfast. Although it's cal led a breakfast, youhave to be really brave to eat it first thing in themorning, because it is huge. At least two piecesof bacon, two sizzling sausages, two fried eggs,


... 15 minutes EXAM TIP

You do not have to understand all of the words in thetext to do the task correctly. Remember that you canguess the meaning of many words from the context.

5 Read sentences 1-10 in exe rcise 7 on page 30.Dec ide which of the sentences below mightbe the best summary of the text you aregoing to hear.

TV commercials are the most effectiveadve rtising technique.

2 Supermarke t custo me rs are stronglyinfluenced by advertis ing.

3 It is possible to protect yourse lf aga inst theinfluen ce of advertising.

fried mushrooms, baked beans and bread soakedin hot oil and fried . The English breakfast is full ofmeat and fat. If you want something less filling,there's still a lot to choose from; particularspecialities are bacon or fried egg sandwiches(or, of course , bacon andegg sandwiches). Thereisalso often a range of vegetarian sausages andburgers.

Greasy spoons have some devoted followers.Typing 'greasy spoon' into an internet searchengine will bring up hundreds of entries. Withpictu res, reviews, menus and stories, it's the nextbest thing to going to a greasy spoon cafeyourself. But of course, noth ing can beat going tothe real thing - especially on an empty stomach.

Listening .. 25 minutes

According to the arti cle, greasy spoons area only found in big cities.b advertised as a to urist attract ion.c important to many British people.d going to be removed from city centres.

2 The characte rist ic feature of greasy spoo nsis that theya use a special type of cutlery.b offer a lot of dish es to choose from .c are furn ishe d in a sophisticated way.d are no t very clean .

3 Peopl e wh o come to greasy spoonsa are often in a hurry.b come from various backgrounds.c usually mee t friends there.d somet imes spend the night there.

4 The tradi tional Eng lish breakfast isa not very cheap.b not very tasty.c served in huge porti ons.d recommended for vegetarians.

5 The author of the articlea is a great fan of greasy spoons.b believes greasy spoons repr esent British

tastes in food .c learned about greasy spoons on th e

In ternet.d th inks th ey should be moved away

from the ma in streets.

Gre(/se by Sam jo rdtsnn. Cunent Septe mber/ October 200 1. © MaryGlasgow Magaztnes/Scholasttc. Reprinted by permission of MaryGlasgow Magazines.

Answers on page 16S

Smart answe r key on page 165

6 Read the fo llowing sentences ca refully.Decide which two of t he three sentenceshave the same m ean ing. Tick the matchingsentences.

A D Man y of us think it's wron g to beinfluen ced by advertising.

B D Those of us wh o believe our behaviouris not influen ced by adve rtising arewrong .

C D If you think advertising has noinfluen ce on you, you are clear lywro ng.

2 A D For most of us, matchi ng a popularbrand with its advertisi ng slogan is nota problem .

B D Advertis ing slogans are easilyrecognised by more than 70% ofshoppers.

C D Advertising slogans are made to beeasily recog nised and reme mbe red .

3 A D While shopping in a superma rket , youusually can 't lim it yourself to yourshopping list.

B D Superma rkets use modern advertis ingtechniques to ma ke us buy more tha nnecessary.

C D Shoppers in superma rkets are ofte nunable to fight th e desire to buy extraproducts.

SHOPS AND SERVICES 29

LISTENING EXAM.. 10 minutes

Use of English 25 minutes

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 1S minutes

L'Australie - c'est chic!

8 Read the text. For each o f the gaps 1-8, choose the bestoption: a, b, c, o r d , below that fits the text logically as wellas gram mat ically.

8 a any longerb no longerc no soonerd no more

S a findsb finds itc thinks thatd thinks this

4 a determinedb concludedc resolvedd solved

2 a grew 6 a deservingb grows b est imab lec has grown c worthd is gro wing d worthy

3 a carried 7 a an yh owb carried out b howeverc conducted c moreoverd run d furthermore

One of the most surprising busin ess success '__ in Paris theseda ys is the Australian Bookshop. Since the shop open ed twoyea rs ago, Frenc h interest in Australian literature z__• Locatedin the heart of the city 's literary district, the shop is J__ byElaine Lewis, from Syd ne y. Lewis said she co uldn't find books byAustralian writers on Paris shelves, so she •__ to reme dy thesituation . Angus Macken zie of the Australi an embassy s__

sur prising that the French want to read Australian books - 'notbecause the books are not '__, but because of the languageba rrier,' he said. French pub lisher Marc de Go uvena in thi nk s thetrend is easy to explain, r__• 'In Europe, we ' _ _ see thelandscape with young eyes. Australian au thors have a fresh wayof see ing things.'

a hi stori esb reportsc storiesd ta les

7 ~ 06 You are going toh ea r a rad io report onadvert isi ng. Listen andtick (,f) the five sentenceswhich have the samemeaning as statements inthe report.

I 0 Some people wronglybelieve they are notinfluen ced byadvert ising.

2 0 Most o f us like takingpa rt in opin ionsu rveys.

3 0 There's too muchadvertising on TV.

4 0 Most customersknow popularadvertis ing slogans.

S 0 Th e music p layed insupermarkets has amarketing rol e.

6 0 Th e smell of freshbread makes peoplebuy more food .

7 0 Supe rma rketcustomers usuallybu y more than theyneed .

8 0 Very few peoplemake shopp ing lists.

9 0 If yo u go shoppingwhen hungry, you' llbu y too much foo d .

10 0 Ch ildren prefer go ingshopp ing to go ingon a picnic.

Answers on page 165 An sw ers on page 165

9 Check your a nswers to exercise 8 fi rst. Then choose the bestword or phrase below to add an extra wrong answer to eachitem 1-8. Think about why and how it is a w ro ng answer.

Synonyms (wo rds that have a similar meaning) and collocat ions (wo rds thatoften go together) are frequently used in multiple-choice tasks. Try to learnany new vocabulary with its most common synonyms and collocations, andkeep a record of these in your vocabulary notebook.

EXAM TIP

Sentences in the exam task and inthe recording may use very similarstructures, but their meaningmight be completely different.Focus on the meaning of the text,not the meaning of individualwords.Remember that your task inexercise 7 is to decide whichsentences match the text, notwhich are true, or which you

agree with.

any more by the waysettled thinks about it

HOW TO STUDY

est imated operatedwo u id grow

rates

30 SHOPS AND SERVICES Smart answer key on page 165

Writing ... 75 minutes WRITING EXAM .. so minutes


10 Look at these two opinions:

A It's important to keep post offices open.B The Int ernet is more useful than post offices.

Now read the n ine statements below anddecide if you think they su pport opinion Aor op in ion B.

I _ Email is very popular these days.2 _ Post offices are im portan t in the

commun ity.3 _ Many people don't have computers.4 _ If you buy goo ds from websites,

somebody has to deliver them.5 _ Ema iling saves paper and petrol - it 's

good for the environme nt .6 _ Internet com munication is cheap or free

an d it arrives immediately.7 _ The re are more post al services than the

Internet can provide.8 _ You can have access to the Int ernet at

any time and an y place.9 _ Post offices belong to the past, not the

present.

11 Th ink about the two opinions a nd the list ofstatements in exe rcise 10. Decide if you agreemore with A or B. Try to think of ways ofarguing ag ainst the points you don't agreewith . Write three more statements, usingyour own ideas .

12 Look again at the statements you agree within exerci se 10, and at your own counterarguments in exercise 11. What is the m ostlogical order for these arguments? Whichpoint should be made first, then second, andso on? Number the statements 1, 2, etc.

13 Two words arc missing from each sentence.Write in the correct words.

This is not _ _ easy question to decide; theissue is complicated and many factors haveto __ conside red.

2 __ is true that computers can achi evemany thi ngs, but __ all these things aregood .

3 Com munication is very important th esedays, and we ha ve various ways __comm un icate with __ other.

4 We are living in a time __ great change,so it is hard to kn ow what __ going tohappen .


14 Write an essay, in 150-200 words, for oragainst the Iollowing statement:

Post offices should close. In the age of theInternet, they are no longer necessary.

Answers on page 166

EXAM TIP

To write a for/against essay, you need to have a numberof relevant points th at you wish to make. You need toorganise these points carefully, so that you present yourargument in a logical order. It is important that th ereader can follow yo ur argument. Look at the Writ ingBank on page 139 for an example and further advice.

Speaking .. so minutes

Situational role-play .. 30 minutes

15 Put the underlined words into the correctorder in these sentences to m ake questions.

1 Wh at for would time like you go me you toshopping?

2 Wh at need do to me for get you things you?3 How altogether you spend are to mu ch

prepared?4 Which sh ould you do I th ink to go shops?5 Wh en supermarket the today shut does?6 Who are present the going to you to give?7 Why you don 't pack larger th e want?

16 Th ere is a mistake in each sentence. Can youcorrect the wrong word?

A I need tHe ne w came ra battery and someprinter paper. a

B I expect you' ll find everyth ing by Low PriceSto re. _

C Here's a €20 note - I can 't afford much thanth at. _

D It would be great that you went tom orrowmorning. _

E It's to my cousin and his wife's weddingan niversary. _

F I don't use it very often, so they last me along time. _

G I'm not sure if it 's 7 and 8. _

17 Match each answer A-G in exercise 16 to aquestion 1-7 in ex ercise IS .

18 If you ' re working with a partner, practiseasking a nd answering the questions in pairs.

If you ' re working alone, cover the answers inexercise 16 and try to answer the questionsusing your own id ea s.

SHOPS AND SERVICES 31

HOW TO STUDY SPEAKING EXAM ~ 5 minutes


In the exam, you shouldn't need to th ink too hardabout how to form questions. Practise making differentkinds of questions, so that you can ask them easily.

19 Your friend has sprained his or her ankleand has to stay at home. You offer to goshopping for you r fri end.

EXAM TIP

Preparing for a speaking exam is different frompreparing for a writing exam. Planning is very importantbefore writing, but, in the speaking exam, it's veryimportant to keep talking . Try and practise speakingcontinuously for 3-5 minutes on the to pics that will befeatured in the exam .

Answers on page 166

23 Look at the two photos, which showdifferent ways of shopping. Co m pare andcontrast them, including the followingpoints:

ava ilab ility / open ing hoursprices

• deliver ies• sta ff

guaran tees

30 minutes

Answers on page 166

• Agree a time when you will go shopping.Find out what th in gs your friend need s.

• Ask about pr ices.Discu ss wh ich shops you'll need to go to.•

•


20 Match the beginnings of sentences 1-5 ahoutshopping with the conclusions a-c.

I Shops a ren 't ope n for2 You ca n't see and touch the goods3 You ca n 't ask a sales assistant4 Goods have the same guarantees5 Goods are often more expensive

a in shops and on websites.b o n a web site like you can in a shop.c in shops than o n websites.d qu estions o n a web site.e as long as web sites.

21 Read the sentences in exercise 20 again andwrite five more sentences with your ownideas ahout shopping, technology andmodern life.

Example:Most sho ps aren't open 24 hours a day.

22 Use the phrases below to complete thesentences.

Compared toUn like

If we co nsider The issue o f

I __ shops, web sites can be visited 24 / 7.2 __ webs ites, shops offer a more friendly

ex pe rience for the custome r.3 __ the qu estion of price, internet

shopping is usually cheaper.4 __ de live ries is more important with

websites, becau se all their goods have to bedeliv ered .

32 SHOPS AND SERVIC ES Smart answer key on page 166

Smart answer key on page 166 SHOPS AND SERVICES 33

Reading ~ 25 minutes EXAM TIP

1 Read the questions below and fin d answers to them in thearticle in exercise 2. Try to do this within four minutes.

1 What sector o f the Japan ese m arket is the text about?2 W hat grou p of cus tomers does it co ncern?3 W hat m akes this gro u p exceptio nal?

Remember to mark a sente nce astrue only if it fully, and not onlypartly, matches the informat ion inthe text.

READING EXAM ~ 15 minutes

2 Read the article a bout shopping trends in Japan, and d ecide which of se ntences1-8 are true (T) and which are false (F), accord in g to the text.

BUSY LITTLE BUYERS

J 8

_-----~----~--J

It's a typ ical Sunday afternoon at Tokyo's Girl IsGirl store and cus tome rs crowd into this mecca ofjapane se teen fashion. Ll-year-old Chihiro holdsup a lem on yellow sh irt with hearts and stars andsays longingly, 'This is so cute. The next time I'llcome wi th Mum.' Her two friends nod in

agreement.Chih iro and her friends are no ordinary

shop pe rs; they are abo ut the only d ynamicconsumers left in the slug gish Japanese economyMarketers call them 'bubble juniors' : the 9- to 14year-old daughters of japanese women who spentlavi shly as ca refree twentysomethings duringjapan 's 'bubble' years of the 1980s. They are thepotential trendsetters , like college girls in the1980s and high-school girl s in the 1990s.

Since Japan entered its recession , the retailclothing industry has been in a tailspin. Clothessales at japan 's department stores have shrunk byalmost 10% in th e last five year s. All th etraditional market sectors - men's, women 's andchildren's - have suffered. Only recently didjap anese clothing lines awaken to the purchasing jpower of the bubble juniors.

The girls are a unique and profitable nich e.They don't want to wear what's in the kid s'section . Rather, they mix mature styles with brightcolours and child like frills . Last March an entirefloor of one of Tokyo's biggest fashion shoppingcentres was ren ovated to serve the jun ior girls.Sales have since jumped 30%.

The marke t expa ns ion is all th e moreimpressive given that the target age group isshrinking. While it may not be an endless supplyof cons u me r en ergy, thi s bright sp o t in thenati onal economy is enough to excite everybodyfrom clothing de signer s to magazine publishers.

34 SHOPS AND SERVICES

Total financial dependence on their parentswould seem to be a se rious strike aga ins t thesejunior shoppers. But it's not a problem , sayanal ysts. A girl often has a fashionable mum andtwo sets of doting grandparents. Bubble mums,unlike those of ea rlier gene ra tions, a recomfortable spending a fortune on ou tfits thatmight be worn for only one season.

Industry insiders are betting that the bubblejunior craze can be exported elsewhe re in Asia. Sofar th e signs look good . Nicola, a monthlymagazine that is the bible for bubble juniors,pr inted 10,000 copies of an issue in Shangha i,China, and immediately sold out. The affluentmiddle class in China's coas tal cities offers moreyo ung cus tomers. Their increasing interes t infashion and the culture in which they take goodcare of their children is promisin g.

Adapted from Newsweek

--1 'Bu bble ju niors' are a ll Japanese children

fro m a certain age group. T / F2 Young girls have been known to set fas h ion

trends in Japan before. T / F3 Clot h es sa les in Japan have increased by

10% in recent years. T / F4 Japanese 9- to 14-year-ol d girls choose

clothes that give them a mature loo k. T / F5 Analys ts estimate t h e number of 'bubble

juniors' in Japan will shrink. T / F6 Young girls ' m others today are less willing

than their grandparents to spen d on theirchildren's clothes. T / F

7 Nicola magazine se lls 10,000 copies ea chmonth. T / FMarket t rends emerging in Ch in a are similarto those in Japan . T / F

Answers


Listening 40 minutes EXAM TIP

Make sure you are goo d at w riting

down all the different kinds ofnumbers and letters you mightpossibly hear in the listening exam.You don't want to make basic mistakesand lose valuable points!

25 minutes

7 Read the a rt icle quickly.Answer the followingquestions.

1 What impact has globalwarming had on the world?

2 How much tea did Britishpeople consume annually in1997 and in 2002?

3 What d rinks are becomingmore po pul ar?

4 Which three coun tries are thebiggest co nsumers of tea?

6 Read the title of the article inexercise 8 on page 36. Whichof the following sentences doyou th ink best summariseswhat the article is going to beabout?

a Tea sales have reached recordlevels in the UK, thanks toglobal warming.

b The increase in the interest intea wor ldw ide is having aneffect on sales in the UK.

c Increasing tempe ratureswor ldw ide are having anegati ve effect on sales of teain th e UK.

Use of English

Order Form

Name: J£55icA _

Address: 18 ~ir.et , E>ytord

Post code : _

Price: £

Free gift selected: _

Item ordered: ===-_Colour: _

4 If you're working with a partner, take turns to say one ofthe words or numbers from exercise 3 and to say whichyo u hear your partner saying.

HOW TO STUDY

S lIr08 You will hear a customer phoning to order somegoods from a com pa ny. Before you listen, read the orderform below carefully. Think about the kind of words ornumbers you will need to write in the gaps.

If you're working with a partner, ask each other about the information

below. Make sure you ask questions correctly. Write down what you hear

your partner say, and then compare notes. Ask each other to spell anyunfamiliar words .

a date of birthb mother's birthdayc phone number(s) and/o r email addressd father's full namee the longest English word you knowf the names of five English citiesyou know9 the names of five international sportsmen and sportswomen you

know

LISTENING EXAM ~ 1S m inutes

3 lIr07 Listen to the recording and tick which word ornumber yo u h ear in eac h ca se.

1 MET / MIT2 June the 13t h / June the 30th3 Jo hn / joan / [an4 GJX / JGX5 F524 / FF246 34.99 / 39.49 / 34.497 0457 8834 / 0475 838 4 / 04 57 33848 VBVW / VBWV / VBBW

Answ er5 on pag e 161

Smart answe r key on page 16 7 SHOPS AND SERVICES 35

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 15 minutes WRITING EXAM ~ ss minutes

Answers on page 167

LANGUAGE TIP

Your form al letters w ill be moreeffective if they contain some more

com plex sentences. Practise fo rmingsentences like this, using differentlinking words.

45 minutes

11 You recently returned from aholiday organised bySunTraveI. The holiday wasnot a success: you h ad anumber of problems. Write aletter of complaint toCustomer Services a tSu nTravel, including thefo llowing information:

• brief details of the holidayyou booked

• a description of wha t wentwrong

• an exp lana tio n of how thisaffected you

• a request for compensa tion.

Wri te 200-250 words.

Speaking

Make sure you use only one word fo r each space and never leave a spaceempty. You do n't lose points for giving a wro ng answer. Rem em ber, youusua lly need g ramma r wo rds in the gaps.

Global Warming Hits UK Tea Sales

Global warming ha s ' blam ed for the hole in theozone layer, h igher pollution and melting the ice caps now, it is bein g blame d for declining sales of th e Briti shnational beverage.

In 2002, the average Brit d ran k 1,000 cups per year - or, 2.2kilograms of tea. Th is m ay sound a a but sales weredown from 2.6 kilograms in 1997. ' from the factthat temperatures are risin g globally, more and more teadrinkers are turning ' coffee whe n they fancy ahot beverage. Sales of iced tea, S , are on the rise,and sales of healthy drink alternatives, ' as fruitteas, also contin ue to grow.

But 1 though the Brits are look ing ' _alternatives to the Great Brit ish Cup of Tea, they are still thesecond highest consume rs of the drink in the world. India isthe third biggest na tion of tea drinkers, and Turkey is first.

EXAM TIP

8 Read the following article about tea consumption inBritain . Fill in ea ch gap with one word only to completethe text.

Answers on page 167

9 Which of these problems do you think would be the worston a holiday? Why?

A lat e flight C dirty roomB noisy hotel D guided tour cancelled

10 The foll owing are sentences about the holiday problems inex ercise 9. Use th e linking word in brackets to combineeach pair of sentences into one sentence.

lOur flight was delayed by three hours. We didn 't receive anexplanation . (although)Alth ough _

2 Our hot el room was never clean ed during our stay. We wereext remely surprised. (because)____ beca use _

3 The guided to ur of the hi storic city centre was cancelled. Itwas very disappointing. (that)_ _ _ _ that _

4 We could hear cars and buses all night. We becam e terriblytired. (because)____ because _

Writing

Writing a letter of complaint

7 5 minutesPicture-based discussion

25 minutes

12 Look at this list of things toconsider when you goshopping. Decide whether theyare better in small local shopsor large supermarkets . Writedown your reasons.

cho ice of goodscustomer serviceparking

• transport links• securi ty• freshness of food

Now m atc h each sentence to a problem A-D above.

36 SHOPS AND SERVICES Smart answer key on page 167

13 Look at these sentences which people saidabout the list in exercise 12. Eac h sentencecontains a mistake. Can you find and correctthe mistakes?

I By my opinion, super markets offer anexcellen t range of differen t goo ds to choosefrom.

2 I th ink h ow supermarkets have too manyproducts on the ir she lves .

3 What do I want with twen ty kinds ofwashi ng powder - on ly I ha ve one washingmachi ne.

4 It's much bett er to be choice when you areshopping - there are so man y deliciou s foodsin the world and I don't want to miss any.

14 Choose from the linking words below tocom plete the sen tences.

4 A If shops are open on Sundays, shopassistants should get anothe r day off eac hweek.

B Probably. But, on the ot he r hand, if .. .5 A It's less stressful to do your shopping if

you've got mo re time to do it.B You're right. But does this mea n ...

6 A Sun day open ing is profitable.B I see. Could you tell me a bit more

about .. .

HOW TO STUDY

Practise different ways of responding to your partner'sarguments. Look at the Speaking Bank on page 128 tofind more useful phrases and expressions.

,


An"iiwers on page 168

EXAM TIP


Discuss the sta tem en t with a partner,responding to any counter-arguments theyhave.

Answers on page 168

Shop s should not be open on Sundays .

17 Read the following statement, and decideif you agree or disagree with it. Th enprepare arguments to support your views.

despite • becaus e

20 minutes

and • alth ough

15 The two photos show different kinds ofshop. Com pare and contrast the pictures.How a re they different in terms of whatthey offer the customer?

1 __ our superm arket is rather a long wayfrom our hou se, there's a frequent busservice.

2 Our local shop sells most things I need,__ you don 't have to worr y aboutparking.

3 They sho uld ha ve secur ity guards in oursupermarket car park __ th ere are peopletryin g to stea l from cars in it.

4 __ all their adverti sem ents, I don't reallythink our supe rm arket is really very goodvalue for money.

When you' re looking at two photos, think of as manydifferences asyou can, to give you ideas about what tosay.

Debate

16 Read the following mini-dialogues andcom p lete the missing responses.

A The weekend should be spent with thefam ily.

B That's t rue , but ...2 A People who work can 't do their shopping

on weekdays if shops close early.B Well, I agree to some extent - however, ...

3 A Shopping is a form of enterta inme nt.B I'm no t sure I agree with that becau se . ..

Smart answer key on page 168 SHOPS AND SERVICES 37

Reading ~ 35 minutes READING EXAM

1 Read the first paragraph of the 4text in exercise 4 qu ickly.Don 't fill in the gaps yet.Which heading below, A or B,do you think would match theparagraph?

A A view from a helicopterB How the English live

2 Match the following headingsto each of the paragraphs 2-5 .

A A maze of streetsB A hidden artist in every

EnglishmanC No such number0 The nation of nest builders

3 Read the following extractsfrom the text. Circle the wordsthat the underlined words referto in each extract 1-3 below.

lOur neighbours were fromArgentina. Their two litt ledaughters were th e nices tchildren I've ever seen .

2 We decided to put the houseup for saie. The price we setwasn't high, so we soonfound somebody interested inbuying it.

3 She was born in the countryand spent her chil dhood in asmall quiet village. Sheconsidered it the ha pp iestperiod in her life. That wasthe reason why she alwaysdreamed of buying a sma llhouse and moving away fromLondon.

EXAM TIP

Missing sentences always refer to what

comes before or after each gap.Underline the words in each missingsentence and in the text which help

you choose the right sentence. Whenyou have completed the text, checkthat the extra sentence doesn't fit any

of the gaps.

38 HOME

Read the following extract fro m a book about En glishpeople. Five sentences have been removed fro m the text.Fill in gaps 1- 5 with the m issing sentences from A- F. Thereis one extra sentence that won't fit any gaps .

(1) If you look from a helicopter at any English town,

you will see that the residential areas consist almost

entirely of rows of small boxes , each with its own

little patch of green. '__ The princ iple, however,

will be clear: the English all want to live in their own

private houses with their own private gardens.

(2) What you cannot see from your helicopter, you

will learn as soon as you try to visit an English home.

'__ Some humorists claim this is the result of 'a

conspiracy to mislead foreigners ', pointing out that

our streets are never straight, every time a street

bends , it is given a different name , there are at least

60 confusing synonyms for 'street ', and the

numbe ring of the houses is hopelessly illogical.

(3) The house numbers are at least as well

camo uflaged as the street names. '__ One taxi

driver explained : 'An Englishman's home is his

castle , right? We can 't actually have massive walls

around it, but we can make it difficult to get to.'

(4) The Englishman's ho me is much more than just

his castle; it is also his identity and his prime

obsession. '__ The mania for home improvements

is widespread. Research shows that only 2% of

English males and 12% of females have never done

any Do-lt-Yourself.

(5) Working on home improvemen ts is an

opportunity to exercise our creative talents. '__

Although it may sometimes be an economic

necessity, we see the arrangement, furn ishing and

decorating of our homes as an expression of our

unique personal taste.


~ 1S minutes Listening ... 15 minutes


S Look at the informat ion in the table in exercise 6. For eachitem 1-7, decide w h ich of the numbers A-H are definitelywrong. Think about what so rt of in formation you 're trying tomatch.

6 '" 09 First read the information below. You are going to heara yo ung college student talking about the places he's livedin. Match the information in column A to the right numbersin column B. There is one number that yo u ca n't match toa ny information.

B

A 3B 2C 20o 1988E 4F 2003G 68H 38

A

1 the distance of the village where the speaker wasborn from the capita l, in kilometres

2 th e age of the speake r whe n hi s brother was born3 th e size of the family flat in the capital, in

square metres4 th e number of bedrooms in the famil y flat in

the capital5 the year the speaker went to school6 th e number of stude nts in the spea ker's first

school class7 th e number of students the speaker first sha red a

flat with at co llege

A You may have its addressand a map , but you willhave great di fficu lty infind ing the hou se you arelooking for.

B Or at least that's how welike to think of it.

e This is an unwritten ruleof home ow ne rship andthe moving-in ritua l.

D They are either hidden , oreven not there at all.

E In better-off areas, theseboxes will be furtherapa rt, an d the greenpatches attached to th emwill be larger.

F This is why a hou se is notsomething you justpassively 'have', it issometh ing you consta n tly'work on' .

Answers on page 168

EXAM TIP

In this type of task, the best thing to do as you' re waiting for the recording tostart is to qu ickly read through the items and to eliminate all the op tions thatare definitely wrong for each item A-H. This way you'll have fewer answers tochoose from .

Use of English ... 20 minutes

7 Read the description in exercise 8 on page 40. Don't fill in anygaps yet. Com plete the inventory of Miss Stoner's room withthe missing information.

BEDROOM

piece of furn itu re

..(:'ire..place.

nu mber of item s

z

Answers on page 168

Smart answer key on page 168 HOME 39

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 10 minutes Writing .... 110 minutes

8 Read part of a Sherlock Holmes story.Ch oose the best option: a, b, c, o r d, to fillthe gaps in the text.

A small side door '_ _ into the wh itewashed corridor from wh ich the th reebedrooms opened. We a__ at once to theone in which Miss Stoner was now sleeping,and in which her sister '__ with her fate. Itwas a cosy little room, with a low '__ anda gaping firepl ace, the sty le of old coun tryhouses. A brown chest of drawers stood inone corner, a narrow bed in 5 _ _ , and adressing table on the left-h and side of thewindow. These articles, wit h two smallwickerwork chairs, '__ all the fu rniture inthe room, save for a squa re of Wilton ca rpetin the centre. Holmes drew one of the chairsin to a corner and sat in ' _ _ r while his eyestravelled ro und and rou nd and up and down,taking '__ every detail of the apartme nt.

1 a carried 5 a othe rb led b anotherc gu ided c secondd took d the second

2 a arr ived 6 a mad e u pb en tered b lined upc reached c put upd passed d took up

3 a was met 7 a silen tb had met b silencec was meeting c quietl yd will meet d silen t ly

4 a floor 8 a inb ceiling b onc window c throughd walls d up

Answers on page 169

EXAM TIPS

Whe n you read the text for the first t ime, igno re th egaps, and just try to get a general sense of what it isabou t.Always check your answers to make sure they fitlogically as well as grammatically.

40 HOM E

Writing an email ~ 40 minutes

9 Ca n yo u find and correct the six mistakes inthis pa ragraph ?

I thi nk the best place in wor ld is the hi storictown of Bu ry St Edm unds. I know this town toowe ll because it 's where I am bo rn . It 's bea utifu ltown, and there's a ma rket every week - visito rscame fro m everyw here . The local people isfriendly.

10 Read the exam task in exercise 12 carefu lly.Then look a t the paragrap h in exercise 9aga in. As an answer to the exam task, does itco n tain a ll t he req uired information?

11 Use yo ur own idea s to complete this text.

As far as I'm concerned, the best place in thewo rld is called _This wonderful is situate d _How do I know about it? Well, for one thing, 1___ _ . I can recommend it to an yo nebecau se of _


12 You see t h is announcem ent on theInternet. Write an email reply in 40-50words.

•THE BEST PLACE IN THE WORLD:

where is it?Email us and tel l us why t he placew he re yo u live, or anothe r placeyou know we ll, is the best place inthe world .

We want to know:• wha t it 's ca lled• whe re it is• how yo u know abo ut it• w hy yo u recomme nd it .

Answers on page 169

EXAM TIP

Fifty words isn't very long for a text, particularly if youare required to include a number of pieces ofinformat ion . It 's im portant to pract ise writ ing relevant

and accurate sente nces so that you can producesuitable short tex ts in the exam.


Writing an informal letter ~ 70 minutes Speaking ... 65 minute s

13 Look at the instructions for exercise 16. Make notes under thefollowing headings about your town. Write at least three ideasin each group.

Situational role-play... 25 minutes

Answers on page 169

EXAM TIP


17 Look at what advice somepeople gave about choosinga n area to live in. Matchthe first part of ea chsentence 1-4 with thesecond part A-D .

1 Being near a hotel isn 't soimportant

2 It 's ni ce to have a friendlyrestaurant nearb y

3 You shou ld find out4 It's good to be near the

shops

A if you sudden ly rea liseyou need bread.

B for times whe n yo u don 'twant to cook.

C what spo rts you can do inthe area.

D if you h ave your ownhome .

18 Here are some moreopinions about where tolive. Ch oose the correctalternative: A or B, tocomplete each sen te n ce .

1 In my opin ion, __ isthe most important th ing.A living near yo ur schoolB your home near your

school

2 If yo u live in a flat or on lyhave a smali garde n, __to live close to a park.A it 's almost im portantB it 's q uite importa n t

3 Persona liy, _ _ beingnea r a cinema is veryimportant beca use youcan watch DVDs at home.A I'm not thinki ngB I don 't th ink

4 What do you th in k aboutthe importance __ nearrestaurants?A to liveB of living

5 How im portan t are sportsfacilit ies from your _ _ ?A poin t of viewB opinion

Food and drinkto try

Activities to doPlaces to visit

If you're working w ith a partner, discuss you r ideas together.

16 Read part of a letter you have received from your penfriendabroad. Write a reply in about 200 words.

When preparing and planning to write letters, pay attention to all therequired relevant inform ation. Make sure you use an appropriate style for thereader of your letter.

50 I'm r'cClllj 10 0 b V1') fOr'WClr'd t~

GOm'V1.') to jOur' GOUV1tr'j - f;V1Cl11l But ,t 5

50 5Cld tl,.,Clt I'm GOm;V1.') WI,.,CV1 JOU Clr'C

ClWCll AV1jWClj) GClV1 JOU tclI mc . WI,.,Clt

plClGC5 I 51,.,ould .')0 to) WI,.,Clt fi,.,'V1.')5 I

51,.,ould do) ClV1d WI,.,Clt tl,.,;V1.')5 I 51,.,ould CClt

ClV1d dr' ;V1IL?

14 Put the words into the co rrec t order to make sentences withgaps at th e end of ea ch one.

lOne really p lace is visit m us t you __ .2 I going suggest to a lso __ .3 As for sure I'm activities , en joy you'd __ .4 Anothe r to interesting is do thing __ .5 When hungry you feel, forget don't eat to __ .6 A drink ca lled love is you'll __ .

15 Use your ideas from exercise 13 to complete the sentences inexercise 14 .

Smart answer key on page 169 HOM E 41


19 Your friend and his/her family are movinghome soon. You have agreed to give themadvice about choosing a new place to live.Discuss the points below with your friend,and decide which two are most important.

• shops• sports facilities• restaurants• hotel• cinema• schools• park

Answers on page 169

EXAM TIP

If someone tells you their opin ion, it's better to respondto it first before saying your own idea. Practise ways ofdoing this, using:• Oh really!

• Do you?• That's interesting.• I see what you mean.You can find similar useful phrases in the Speaking Bankon page 128.


20 Com p lete this text by writing one word ineach gap.

Actuall y neither '__ these pictures is verysimilar to the pla ce where I live. My home is inth e suburbs of a large city, so it 's more greena__ th e city centre. It's also less crowded andmore peaceful. However, it's 3 _ _ as quiet oras green as the real countryside. '__ fact ,these days, the 'real' countryside s__

disappearing fast, as the population continues'__ increase. '__ addition, people wantlarger and larger houses, and these of courserequire more land to be built a__ .

21 Use your own ideas to make completesentences.

I People who live in the city ha ve more

2 If you live in the country, you' re more

3 There's more in cities.4 You feel more in the countryside.

42 HOME

22 Think about jobs. Make two lists under theseheadings. Write at lea st five jobs for eachgroup.

Job s in the countryJob s in the city

Which jobs do you think are better? Why?

23 Use words fro m the list below to completethis paragraph.

find • prefer • lives • ti red • looking

As somebody who '__ and works in th e city,I always z__ to go into the countryside formy holidays. When I'm 3 _ _ of the noise, thetraffic, and th e stress, I iove to '__ peace andquiet . I en joy s__ at the sunset and breathingthe clean air.


24 Look at the two photos on page 43. Oneshows the countryside and the other showsthe city. Compare and contrast them.

• Which one is more similar to where youlive?

• How are people's lives different in thecountryside?

• Are job opportunities different in the cityand countryside?

• Where would you prefer to spend yourholidays, the city or countryside?

Answers on page 170

EXAM TIP

Sometimes, especially if you are feeling nervous, youmay feel stuck for ideas in the exam. If this happens,don 't panic. Instead, imagine w hat opinions othe r

people that you know well (family, friends) might haveabout the subject. Then you can express these opinions.


Smart answer key on page 170 HOME 43

Reading---

... 30 minutes

1 Read the title of the text in exercise 2. Then choose the right answer tothe question.

What is the article about?

a Young people studying art and the architecture of old buildings.b Students living in places that used to serve other purposes.c Stylists who give advice to students on how to convert old places.

READING EXAM

2 Read the brochure on four d ifferent student residences i n th e USA.Decide which of the places A-D is described in each sen tence 1-9.

The Art of Living in StyleConverted spaces and older places lend style to student living

44 HOME

Before you go to the nearest HugeApartment Megaplex to find your livingspace for the next semester. let it be

known that there are alternatives. With a littl epatience and time to search around Tucson' shistoric downtown and university areas. you maybe able to find an older residence that makes upin style for what it lacks in modern conveniences.a place that had been many. many thi ngs beforeit became a place for you to call home.

Lauren Benz and her four room-mates live inStudio Apartments. in the mostly commercialdowntown area. Their loft-style apartment. whichhas been a graphic design stud io and arecording stud io, has a few problems otherapartments don't. There is no heat ing system.no centra l cooling system, no residential garbageservice, no mail serv ice and no parking. But thebenefits of living in their apartment arenumerous. The open architecture has allowedthe room-mates to host parties with up to 600guests, with space left over to allow bands toperform.

Henry Elect ric Apartme nts is anotherconverted space. A former electric store openedin 1935, the building was divided into fourseparate apartments two years ago.

The contractors that renovated the buildingleft the original, polished, concrete floors, while

insta lling industrial-looking stee l walls to themain room and recycled pool ti les to thebathroom . They also left the original HenryElectric sign out front , which can invite someconfused visitors to the property. Residents havecome out of their bedrooms to find elder ly menbrowsing through their belongings , looking forelectrical suppl ies .

Rincon Apartments, located on North SixthAvenue and East University Boulevard, are olderapartments that boast the kind of early 20thcentury architecture one won't find in brand newplaces. ' It's the very first apartment buildingbuilt in Tucson. It was built in 1908,' said ownerand manager Margaret Sokser. 'The historicbUilding has seventeen units in it,' she said,noting that over the years, there has been a fairmix of student and non-student residents. Eachapartment has wooden floors, high ceilings anda fireplace .

Another apartme nt build ing in the univers ityarea, the Castle Apartm ents, on the corner ofNorth Euclid Avenue and East Adam Street, wasa hospital, tuberculosis sanitarium, nursinghome, convent and vacatio n lodge beforebecoming an apartment building. The building,which was originally built in 1906, has thirty-twoapartments and is mostl y occupied byupperclassmen and graduate students, according


EXAM TIP Listening 20 minutes

Before you read the text, try to predictwhat it is aboutfrom the title and the exam task items. Read the taskitems carefully to know w hat information you're going to

be looking for in the text. Scan the text quickly to findthe information. Try not to spend too much time readingthe text slow ly again and again from beginning to end.

... 20 minutes

to owner Kathy Busch. Castle res ide nt BeckyBlacher said living in a s mall complex owned byone person instead of a company made itposs ible for her to have an art s how the re.'Kathy was really excited .' s he said abouttalking to her landlord in preparation for theshow. 'She 's so cool. What other landlordwould let you put holes in cement walls?'Blacher sai d.

A Studio ApartmentsB Henry Electric Apart me ntsC Rincon ApartmentsD Castle Apartments

Which residence is it?1 It only provides th e most essen tia l

co nven iences. 02 It was o riginally designed to serve as a

residen tial prop erty. 03 It used to serve healthcare purposes. 04 It is unusually spac ious. 05 It has the biggest numbers of apartments

to let . 06 It is some times mi staken for a shop. 07 It was used by musicians. 08 It was o nly co nverted in to apartme nts a

short t ime ago. 09 The peo ple who live the re seem to have

goo d relati onships with the owne r. 0

Answers on page 170


3 Read the instructions an d sen tences 1-7 inexercise 5 carefully. Ch oose the be st option:a, b, or c, to com plete the followingstatements about the text.

1 The text yo u are going to hea r is abo uta wha t doctors do in Austra lia.b life in a remote place .c the Internet .

2 The outback isa a part of the country far away from cities .b a new syste m for teaching children .c a med ical emergency centre.

4 Read sen t en ces 1-7 in exercise 5 again, anddecide w h ich of the following topics arelikely (.f) to be discussed in the record ing,and which aren't likely (X).

Entertainme n t 0 Educa tion 0Shopping 0 Distances between people 0Medical care 0 Industry 0


S ~ 10 First read sen tenc es 1-7 below. Youare going to hear pa rt of a radioprogramme. Decide which of the sen tencesare true (T), and which are false (F),ac co rd ing to the recording.

1 Some people in the outback live over 100kilometres away from their nearestneighbours. T I F

2 Everybody in the outback has at least atelephone to keep in touch with theworld . T I F

3 In an emergency, doctors use jeeps to getto the pat ien t. T I F

4 It doesn 't take th e doctors more thann inety minutes to get to any place in theoutback. T I F

5 The re are o nly th irteen doctor s for150,000 peopl e. T I F

6 Ch ildren living in the ou tback do not goto school at all. T I F

7 The children in the outback canco mmunicate with their teac hers by twoway radi o and pos t . T I F

An sw er s on page 170

EXAM TIPS

Before you listen to th e recordin g, read the instruction

and the true/false sentences carefully to find out whatthe text will be about. If the text contains wordsyoudon't know, try to guess their meaning from the context.

If there is no information in the recording that confirms

that a sentence is true, it should be marked asfalse.

HOME 45

Use of English USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 20 minutes

Answers on page 171

EXAM TIP

To understand if a wo rd is a wrong extra word or not, you often need to readthe whole sentence and think carefully about its meaning.

80 minutes

8 In many lines of the following text there is one wrong word,which should not be there. Find the wrong word, cross it outand write it at the end of the line. Some lines are co rrect .Tick (,I) the correct lines. There are two examples at thebeginning.

o In many ways, thehistory of architecture is the hisfory -:!-00 of fhe rnatenals used lljl in the constructionprocess. Early ---.1!/L1 houses therewere built outof mud, wood, stones. Thesewere

2 freely available everywhere and the people could use them quite

3 easily. Gradually, bui ldings started to becoming more and more

4 ambitious. Weare all familiar with pictures of the Egyptian

5 pyramids, for example, or in Greek temples. These buildings resulted

6 fromthe desire to gobeyond natu re and create a new human

7 world.The invention of glass it made a great difference, particularly

8 in cold countries, but because it meant you could have light

9 without getting too cold. Today, all sorts of plastics are so being

10 used. But in the future, who knows? Let's wait for and see !

Try to draw this house, Can you write a sh ort description ofyou r house?

11 Com plete this sentence in as many ways as you ca n.

In 20 years' time, I expec t that hou ses _


9 Th in k of different ways to complete these sentences aboutyou r town. When you have decided on the best way, writeyour answers in the spaces.

1 Some people live in _2 The majori ty of people live in _3 The wor st kind of hou sin g is _4 Probably the wo rst problem with hou sin g is _5 Another difficult problem is _6 The mo st urgent thing to do is _

10 Think about your ideal house - the house you'd most like tolive in.

Imagin e where it would be .o Wh at wo uld you see from the windows?o Wh at would it be like inside?o How many rooms wo uld it have?

Writing

40 minutes

3 A I en joy watc hing itfootball, but I am nogood at playing it .

B I like listening tomusic, but I can't playany.

4 A I thin k a good sense ofhumour is moreimportant th an whatsomeone looks like.

B Altho ugh I like how helooks like, I think h e'svery borin g to talk to.

5 A My aunt who is myfavourite relat ive andher cooking isfantastic.

B There's a castle ne arwhe re I was born,wh ich is a fascina tingbuilding .

7 Put a, the, or - (no article)in each gap.

1 __ populati on of __USA is 250 milli on .

2 __ m ost interestingperson I know is _ _ myfriend Tomas.

3 __ people are _ _same all ove r __ world.

4 _ _ pollution isthreatening _ _ futureof _ _ earth.

5 I love _ _ life and I lovebeing in __ love.

6 Which sentence is correct :A or B? In the wrongsen tence, delet e the extraword that you don 't need.

1 A I get on very well withmy cousin.

B I get on th e bus withjust outside my hous e.

2 A My aunt gro ws up herown vegetables.

B My uncle grew up in asmall village in themountains.

46 HOM E Smart answer key on page 170

WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

12 Write an article for a student magazineabout the housing situation in your area orcity. Consider the following:

• d ifferent types of hou ses and flats• what problems the re are regarding housin g• what improvements sho uld be made• how you thi nk housing will develop in th e

future.

Write about 250 words.

1S Look at the table below. It shows dataabout the time men and women in theUSA spend on the housework. Discuss theinformation.

• How do you think these Americansta tistics compare to the situation in yourow n country/in your own family?

• What do you thin k about this?• What ot her issues may be involved?

An sw ers on pag e 171

EXAM TIP

When you see the points that your writing text needs todeal with, think of sentence structures that will besuitable for presenting your ideas.

Women claim to do: 67%

Women claim men do: 33%

Men claim to do: 42%

Men claim women do: 58%

Women actua lly do: 61%

Men actually do: 39%40 minutesSpeaking

Statistics-based discussion 30 minutes 1995:

13 Make sentences that compare these things.

1 your city / London2 th e temperature now / last month3 your English homework / your Maths

homework4 your last holiday / your next holiday

Hours women spent on housework:

Hours men spent on housework:

Now:

Hours women spend on housework:

Hours men spend on housework:

30

4 .9

17.5

10

14 Look at the information contained in thetable in exercise 15. Com plete this paragraphabout the information using words andnumbers from the list below.

Debate 10 minutes

Answers on page 171

suppose • 67% • stra ngest • 39% •surprising 10 surprtsed > seems

I'm '__ to see that men in the USA do z__

of the hou sewor k. It '__ quite a h igh figure,compa red to men in my country. But I '__ itdepends on what you call hous ework. I do n'tth in k it 's s__ that both men and wome nclaim to do more than th ey really do - forexample, •__ compared to 61%. The '__th ing is that men now do '__ hours - twiceas much as th ey used to do.

HOW TO STUDY


16 Consider the information in exercise 15.Then read the following statement from abook published in the 1940s. Do you agreeor disagree? Prepare arguments to supportyour opinion. Discuss the issue with yourpartner, responding to their counterarguments.

Women should be in charge of hou seworkand raising ch ild ren, as men are responsiblefor earn ing a good salary to sup po rt the irfamilies.

You can practise describing and comparing data withany graph or table you find . Look in your localnewspaper or a business magazine or on the web andfind one or two graphs. Write some sentences about theinformation in the graphs.

Answel'5 on page 111

EXAM TI P

In the debate task, don't be upset if your partner or theexamin er disagrees with everything you say. In theexam, it doesn't matter who 's right or wrong . It's their

job to use counter-arguments so you can show howwell you can respond to them.

Smart answer key on page 17 1 HOME 47

Reading 35 minutes READING EXAM

1 Find the fo llowing words in 3

the article in exercise 3,then write a shortdefinition for them inEnglish .

I co louration2 mat riarch al3 range4 cu bs5 lifespan6 lay

2 Read the text in exercise 3and answer the questions.

I What do killer whaleslook like?

2 Wh ere do they live?3 What is the social

st ructure of theirco m munity?

4 How do th ey hunt?

5 How big are Canad ianbear s?

6 What do th ey feed on?7 What are th eir social

relati onships?

8 Wh ere do Canada geesespe nd the win te r?

9 What are th eir socialrelations h ips?

10 What is the result of thepro tec tive policy towardsthe geese?

EXAM TIP

First read the text quickly to get ageneral sense of what it's about.Then read the questions carefullyto make sure you understa ndthem.Before you mark your choice, readthe text again quickly to check it'sreally the best answer. There isonly one correct answer here.

48 NATURE

Read the text below on animals living in Can ada, and thenm atch questions 1-6 to each of the three an imals.

KILLER WHALES

These mammals are absolutely beautiful. T hey have a vcrydistin ctive black-and -white co louration . O ver 600 killer whales livealong British Columbia's coastline. They make lip so me of themost co mplex co mmunities we have seen in mammals. Theyalways travel in gro ups called pods. T here arc between five andthirty an im als in each pod. The whales live and t ravel with theirmothers even after the y arc fully-grown, formin g strong lymatriarchal wha le societies. O ver its lifetime, th e group will neverseparate and a female will always act as the leader of the gro up.Killer whale s arc very successful hunters d ue to their cooperat ivehunt ing, where all animals within the pod participate .

Female killer whales usually give birth every three to ten years.Killer whales have no natural pred ators (they arc the top predatorsof the ocean s) and can live for about fifty to eighty years. They arenot considered endangered .

BLACK AND RARE WHITE BEARS

Along th e coas t of Briti sh Columbia also lives a po pulation ofbetween 120,000 and 160,000 black bears. Adult male black bearsrange fr om about 130 to 190 cen timetres in len gth and 60 to 300kilog rams in weig ht.

T he bears arc ge nerally vege tarian . Their diet consists of roots,berries, nuts, fish, insects and sometimes other ani mals.

Fem ale black bears become mature at the age o f three andusually give birt h to two or three cubs . C ubs rem ain wit h theirmothers fo r a year and a half. Consequently, the most often thatfemale black bears can give birth is every two years. An amaz ingfact about some black bears is that they can produce beautifulbears that arc white in colo ur!

Except for fem ales with cubs, black bears spend most of the irtime alo ne. During th e breeding seaso n, a male and fem ale mayremain to gether for several days at a rime. T heir life expectancy inth eir natural environment is twenty to twen ty· five years.

The Canadian Government realises that these black and whitebears arc very spe cial. As a result, so me steps have been taken to

protect them . Fo r example, there is a law that prevents peoplefro m hunting the bears.

Smart answer k.ey on page 171

.... 20 minutes Listening-----

~ 40 minutes

CANADA GEESE ""\.

Canada geese can be seen and heard in manyarcas of British Columbia. T hey usua lly stay tillNove mber o r December before Hying so ut h forthe winter in search of warmer climates.Canada gccse have black heads, tails, necks andfeet and white feathers o n their heads. Th eirlifespan is quite lon g, ranging from twe nty tothi rty years. Whi le Canada geese tend toprodu ce young at th e early age of three,females are known to reproduce up to th e ageof twenty, laying four to seven egg s eachspring.

Canada geese have ver y strong familyrelations . In fact , both parents tend to theiryoung for nearly a year. Families stay toget heruntil the tim e comes to return to th e breed ingareas. It is only at thi s time that th e geese mustgo their separate ways. Because Canada geeseare a national symbo l, it is illegal to harm themin any way. This po licy has actually resulted inan overpopulation of th e bird s. For example, inVancouver, British Columbia, it is no tuncommon to see a famil y of Canada geesewalking around o n a high way!

A killer whaleB black bearC Canada goose

Whi ch of the anima ls:1 has the longest average lifespan? D2 can be observed in two different colour

varieties? D3 produces their young the most often? D4 does not h ave st rong social instincts? D5 is not protected by law? D6 can be seen in populated areas? D

~ ----; ~ Answers on page 171


4 Read these pairs of sentences. In each case,decide if sentences A and B have the same ordi fferent meanings.

1 A There have been phone calls all day.B We've had phone calls throughout the day.

2 A I think it will be sunny tomorrow.B I expect there will be a lot of sun

tomor row.3 A Room s in the hotel cost at least $100.

B Th e hotel charges no more than $100 perroom .

4 A Some flights sti ll ha ve seats available.B There are still seats ava ilable on all flight s.

S Where the sentences in exercise 4 havedifferent meanings, underline the word orwords that make the meaning different.

6 In each set of words, decide which word isthe 'odd one out' - with a different meaningfrom the other two. Give reasons.

1 stopped • cancelled • cha nged2 expected • predi cted • known3 cold • mild • chilly4 main • strong • fierce5 better · dif ferent • im proved


7 " 11 You will hear a radio weatherforecast. First, read through the notesbelow. As you listen, check if the notesdescribe the forecast accurately. Correct thewrong notes. You will only need to changeone word or number in each case.

WEATHER FORECASTNorthern regionI snow expected in the even ing2 strong winds throughout the day3 some trains cancelled after 10 p.m .Southern region4 light rain throughout the day5 temperatures between lOoC and 12°C6 cold wind blowing from the east

" Answers on page 172

EXAM TIP

Remember that what you hear and what you read oftenuse different wo rds and phras es with the samemeanings. Practise understanding and using differentways of expressing the same meanings.

NATURE 49

lives in

ORANG-UTAN FACTFllE

Typical colour

5 a incrediblyb invariablyc impossibly

6 a inb betweenc at

7 a likeb asc such as

8 a up tob totallyc heavier than

1 a everywhereb widespreadc worldwide

2 a itb thatc which

3 a exclusivelybonec the only

4 a becauseb the reason forc why

.... 30 minutes

Class of animal

8 Firs t read the text in exercise 9 (don't fill inthe gaps yet) . Then complete the fac tfile withthe missing information .

Use of English

Meaning of nameAnswers on page 172

Behaviouralcharacteristics

Favourite food

10 Check your answers to exercise 9. Nowchoose the best word from the list below toadd a n extra wrong answer to each item inexercise 9. Think about why or how it is thewrong answer.

wha t • the logic of • th an • unique •global • mo re aro und . impressively

EXAM TIP

Weight and size

toddler

adult

If you have doubts about which answer is right, trychecking which answers are definitely wro ng. Also thinkabout how the answersare different from one another.When you've chosen an answer, read the whole sentence

again to check it makes sense with the chosen word.

Writing 100 minutes

Writing a leaflet ~ 30 minutes


9 Fill gaps 1-8 using the best option: a, b, orc, to com plete the text.

The Red Apes of Borneo

Almost everybody in the wo rld has heard oforang-utans. These tree-climbing primateshave been glamorised by the media, appearedin Hollywood and can be seen in most zoos1__ • The 'orang-utan ', 2 _ _ Inean s 'Manof the Forest' in Malay, is the largest treeliving mammal and 3 _ _ great ape in Asia.

It isn't hard to understand •_ _ the Malayscall this primate 'orang-utan'. The orang-utanis s__ human in behaviour - gentle,curious and playful - they live ' __ the vasttropical forests and, un der ideal conditio ns,roam the forests in search of widely distr ibuted foo d sources such as fruit s, plantsand insects. The same size 7__ a humanbaby when it is a to ddler, an ora ng-uta n canweigh ' _ _ 90 kilograms upon reac hi ngadulthood. Unfortunately, not many do.

11 Co mplete this text by w ri ting one word ineach ga p.

Here's 1__ I do about recycling. I put all mynewspapers, magazin es, old envelopes _ a__

fact, all my paper - to one side, and recycle it,along 3__ all the bottles th at become empty•__ the week. I take my printer cartr idges toa sho p round '__ corner, wh ere they collectthem. It's ' __ mu ch, I know, but I thinkevery littl e thing counts.

12 What word is missing from each gap in thesesentences?

1 If you don't d rive to the shops, you ' ll useless _ _ .

2 If you walk to the shops, you ' ll get valuable

3 If you recycle paper, fewer __ will be cutdown.

4 There'lI be less air __ if people buyelectric cars.

What grammar structure is used in thesesentences?

50 NATURE Smart answer key on page 172

WRITING EXAM ~ 30 minutes WRITING EXAM ~ 50 minutes

13 A leaflet is going to be given to everybodyin your neighbourhood. The aim is toencourage eve rybody to recycl e. Write thetext for the leaflet, including the followingpoints:

suggest what th ings people sho uld recycle• explain how to recycle• say how the environme nt will be helped .

Write 40-50 words.

16 Write a letter to an international magazineabout protecting the environment in yourcountry. Include the followinginformation:

what threat s to the environment there arein your country

• wha t you reco mme nd people should do• what you think will happen to the

env iron me nt in the future.

Answers on page 172Write 150-200 words.

LANGUAGE TIPAnswers on page 173

When you want to recom mend or encourage people todo something, you should explain the advantages ofdo ing it. One way to present this inform ation is byfollowing the exa mples in exe rcise 12.

LANGUAGE TIP

Passive verbs are ofte n used whe n form al let ters arewritte n, so make sure you feel confident abo ut howthey are formed and used.

17 Look at these two questions:

1 Do you ha ve a big fam ily?2 How big is your family?

Which one is a 'closed' question and w h ichone is 'o pe n '? Wh ich of th e fo llowinganswers goes wit h w hi ch question?

a Quite big - I've got four brothers and siste rs.b Yes.

18 Rewrite each of these closed questi ons as anopen question.

1 Are there any env ironmental problem swhe re you live?Wha t ?

2 Do you recycle useful materials?Wha t ?

3 Do you th ink we can reduce po llut ion?How ?

4 Do your friends feel th e same way as youabout environme nta l issues?How ?

S Will the future be worse than the present?How ?

~ 90 minutes

40 minutes

Speaking

Situational role-play

S We can make real improvem ents.

1 believe On e th ing important I is that thereshould be new gove rn men t legislati on.

2 words other In, we need new and to ugherlaws to sto p pollution.

3 the time At same , green practices should berewarded .

4 simple One cannot avoided be fact: we arecausing grea t damage to our world .

S are There to two argument sides any , andbo th sho uld be considere d carefully.

6 do n't If a to day we solution find, theproblem will only be worse tomorrow.

Writing a formal letter ~ 70 minutes

14 Put the und erlined words into the correctorder to ma ke sentences about theenvironment.

15 Rew rite t hese sen tences in the passive.

1 We should increase the am ount of recycling.The amount of _

2 They should pass new laws.New laws _

3 We are destroying valua ble forests.Valuable _

4 We will da mage air quality forever.

Smar t answer key on pag e 172 NATURE 51

19 Each of these sen te nces con ta ins a n erro r.Can you find it a nd correct it?

I I feel hoping about the future.2 We have to be realism - some pollutio n is

inevitable.3 If we live here on this earth, we are

responsi ble to its condition.4 How really ma tters is education - tell ing

peopl e how to reduce pollution.5 In my opinion, the real issue are eco no mics.


20 You are a reporter for a student magazine,finding out about people's attitudes to theenviro n m en t. Ask your partner:

• what environme ntal probl em s he or sheknows about where you live

• how he or she wou ld improve theenvironmental situation in the wo rld anddiscuss his or her reaso ns .

Answen on page 173

EXAM TIP

In a discussion, try to avoid 'closed' questions, and ask

'open' questions - questions that your partner needs toanswer fully, not just Yes or No.


21 Ch oose fro m these words to complete t hesen te nces be low.

compared • attractive • contrast • no ticea ble

I to the first one, the secondpicture seems much better.

2 It 's more in the seco nd one thatfreedom is important.

3 The between the two is verystrong.

4 The seco nd offers a far more _alte rna tive.

22 Com p lete this text by writ ing one word ineach gap.

Something I find really interesting is , _way that birds seem to be moving away fromthe countryside and in to the city. I've lived inthe city 2 about ten yea rs, and thenu mber of birds in my sma ll garden and alo ngmy st reet ' increased conside rably inthis time. Appare ntly, it happens ' anumber of reasons. Farmers use a lot ofche m icals and th ese can kill birds, as well as theinsects and small animals 5 birds eat.Also, the rubbish in cit ies, espec ially take-awayfood, is, ' effect, a 24-ho ur freerestaurant for birds.

52 NATURE

23 Do you think zoos are good and usefulplaces, or p riso ns fo r a n imals? Write tw osen tences in favour of zoos, and twosentences against them, o r, if you're workingwi th a partner, d iscuss your opinions.

24 What's t he most popular kind of pe t in yourcoun try? How many people do yo u knowt hat have pets? Write a short paragraphgiving your opinion about pet s.


25 Look at the two photos of birds on page53. Com pare and contrast them. Cons ider:

• captivity and freedomzoospetsprotecting endangered species.

Answers on page 173

EXAM TIP

Ifyo u find yourself unfortunately unable to think ofwhat to say in the speaking exam - perhaps becauseyou are nervous - then you can exp ress opinions w hich

are not your own opinions.


Smart answer key on page 173 NATURE 53

----

HIGHER LEVEL


1 Read the article in exercise2. Which statement 1-5below is a summary ofwhich paragraph A-E?

I Andalas was the firstSumatran rh ino born in azoo in more than acentury.

2 It's a difficult task toencourage rhinos to breedin capt ivity.

3 The zoo is going to studyAndalas' development tolearn more about rhinos .

4 The mother receivedhormone treatment tohelp her give birth, after anumber of failed attempts.

5 Sumatran rhinos arefacing extinction andtheir numbers are fallingrapidly.

EXAM TIPS

First read the whole article quicklyto understand the main ideas.Then try to sum marise w hat eachparagraph is about. Now read themissing sentences carefully, anddecide which paragraph they maybe connected to. When you havefin ished, read the text againquickiy to check that your answersfit in logically.

54 NATURE

2 Read the article about Sumatran rhinos, an endangeredspecies. Five sen tences have been re m oved from the text.Choose fro m sentences a-f to fill gaps 1-5 to complete thetext. There is one sentence that you 're not going to n eed.

RARE BU NDLE(AI Survival of newborns becomes even more critical when the

race is on in the battle against extinction . With a 60%population decli ne in the last 10 years, Sumatran rhinocerosesnumber fewer than 300 today. ' The main reason isthat its horns are prized for med icine . Despite conservationmeasures like nature reserves, the rhin o's count cont inues to

decrease.(B) On September 13, 2001, hope arrived in a 33-kilogram

bundle: Anda las was delivered at Ohio's Cincinnati Zoo - thefirst birth in captivity in 112 years! ' The birth of th israre animal offers scientists unprecedented data on the growthand reproduction of the spec ies.

(C) Em i, Anda las's mother, had miscarr ied within the fi rst threemonths in five previous pregnancies. 'Somet imes, wh en animal smiscarry at an ea rly stage, it's becau se of a hormon e deficiency,'says animal reproductive physiologist, Terri Roth, at theCincinnati Zoo . ' So Roth immed iately began feedingEmi dai ly doses of progesterone (a hormone esse ntial topregnancy) injected into bread . Emi fed on the supplement for465 days. Ten days later, Anda las arrived. 'We ca n't say if that'swhat did it,' Roth says. ' But it certainly seems so.'

(D) Perhaps the biggest scientific challenge is to get Sumatranrhinos to breed . • Usually, a bull (the male) seeks out acow (the female) only when he detects a scent signalling she'sprepared to mate . But when the female isn't recept ive, there canbe a lot of aggression amon g the sexes. Breeding ce ntresestab lished nea r or in the reserves have yet to produce asuccessful pregnancy.

(E) The zoo estimates Andalas willreach maturity in five years,and it has plans to document carefully the ca lf's physical andbehavioural growth - including regular plaster casts of hisw idening hoofs. 5 Sumatran rhi nos are so elusivethey're counted by hoof prints. ' It's exc iting,' says Roth. 'O nebirth can change so much about what we know.'

a In the wild, these rh inos are ex tremely solitary.b The data could h elp rh in o census-takers t rack and protect

calves in the wild .c Believed to have first appeared on Earth two million years

ago, the mamma l now faces the constan t threat of poach ersin the forests of Indonesia and Ma laysia.

d With its life span of about 30 years, the Sumatran variety isthe smallest of five rhino species .

e Bu t raising the number of rhinos in captivity to 16 isn't t heboy calf's only ach ievement.

f Dur ing the sixth attempt, ultrasou nd detected the pregnancy16 days after mating.

Answers on page 173


Listening .. 3S minutes EXAM TIP


3 Match words 1-6 to their definitions a-g. There isone definition that you don't need.

4 ., 12 Listen to an account of an environmentaldisaster that happened in the 1980s. Choose thecorrect option(s) to complete each sentence 1-8.At least one of the options is always correct, andsometimes both options may be correct! Listentwice, and circle a, or b, or both a and b.

1 Captain Hazelwooda commanded a ship named after an oil

company and the port of Valdez, Alaska.b owned an oil tanker called Exxan Valdez.

2 Late night on 24 March 1989, the captaina left his third officer in charge of the sh ip.b returned to his cabin because he wanted to do

some paperwork.3 A little after midnight, the ship

a arrived at a port called Bligh Reef.b collided with some rocks in the water.

4 Fifty million litres of oila spilt into the sea.b was being transported by the Exxan Valdez.

5 The clean-up operationa was delayed by a storm that had damaged the

rescue ship.b started fifteen hours after the first report of the

accident.6 The oil spill from the Exxan Valdez

a was cleaned up within the first two days afterthe disaster.

b caused millions of animals and fish to die.7 The fact that 25% of the plankton in the sea was

destroyed meanta that many animals and fish died because they

had nothing to eat.b that 4,800 square kilometres of sea was covered

in oil.8 The Exxan Valdez disaster

a was one of the first huge oil spills in history.b was the captain's fault.

.. 30 minutes

Answers on page 174

6 Read the text about climate change,then choose the correct form of theverbs in brackets to fill the gaps.

Global warming may be '__(BLAME) for recent heatwaves anddeadly storms. But at least our plantshave been 2__ (ENJOY) the weather.According to a study a__ (PUBLISH)last week, regional climate changesover the past two decades '__(INSPIRE) a 6% increase in p lantgrowth around the world .Rising temperatures, increased rainfalland decreased cloud cover have alls__ (PLAY) a part. The 80s and the90s were two of the warmest decadeson record and during this period thevegetation in its ecosystem '__(FLOURISH). In the Amazon, decreasedcloud cover allowed more sunlight'__ (REACH) plants; in India,monsoon-dependent trees ,_ _(BENEFIT) from increased rainfall.Despite these positive effects, climatechange could well s__ (CAST) ashadow on plant life in the long term.Scientists argue that continued growthcould disrupt fragile ecosystems thathave W __ (BE) in place forthousands of years.

Remember that information in the task itemsand in the recording may be expressed usingdifferent words with the same meaning. Beforeyou listen, quickly read the statements orquestions and try to think of other ways ofsaying the same things.


S Look at the ten verbs in brackets inexercise 6 quickly, then write down allthe appropriate forms, as in theexample below. Check that you havespelt each form correctly.

Example: BLAMEto-infinitive to blamePast Simple blamedPast Perfect had blamed-ing form blamingPassive be blamed

Use of English

a consider someone responsibleb small, furry animals that live in

water and eat fishc rocks, sand and coral at or near

the sea surfaced tiny plants and animals that

live in the watere in a position of authority; in

chargef in a situation that's impossible

to controlg liquid that has flowed out of its

container

1 in command2 reef3 spill4 sea-otters5 plankton6 blame

An sw er s on pag e 173

Smart answer key on page 173 NATURE 55

EXAM TIP WRITING EXAM .. 60 minutes

This type of Use of English task tests your knowledge ofverb forms. Make sure you know how to form regularverbs and can recognise irregular verbs. You have tolearn the forms of the most common irregular verbs byheart .

Writing

Writing a discursive essay

80 minutes

10 Write an essa y of 200-250 words aboutenvironmental issu es. In your essay,consider the following aspects:

current threats to th e environme nt• the relationsh ip of bu siness issues and the

environment• any actio n t ha t you believe sho uld be

taken.

3 an y action that you believe should be tak en

2 th e relationship of business issues and th eenvironment

9 Do you agree or disagree with the ideas inexercise 8? Why? to kno w

65 minutes

25 minutes

nervous curious ·frightening

ambiguousconne cted

5 This picture m akes me _what will happen to thi s land.

Answers on page 114

Give reasons for your ideas.

Remember that discursive essays don't have 'right' or'wrong' points. The examiners are interested to see howwe ll you can use English to make an argument.

EXAM TIP

1 Looking at th is picture makes me feel_ _ ___ about the fut ure .

2 This image shows a very _pros pect.

3 The message here is _4 These two images are qui te closely

12 Fill in the gaps with a word from the listbelow to complete the sentences.

Speaking

11 Look at the two photos on page 57. Put thewords in these sentences about the photosinto the correct order.

1 On the man-made of one an hand, there'sdamage image.

2 On the the we can other, see hy damagenature caused.

3 Of even this cou ld fire person started beena by course, have.

4 The question who is the planet hasresponsibility for.

5 We sho uld more children of our terms inof ourselves than think.


main • oppos itio nfurthe r actuallymost • issues

7 Look at the essay task in exercise 10. Wherewould you put notes a-f in the outline planbelow?

a bu sinesses need resourcesb tran sport requireme ntsc close down polluting factoriesd profits need to be controllede run publicity campaignf grow ing dem and for consume r goo ds

curren t threat s to the environ me nt

8 Read these sentences. Think what wordsmight fit into the gaps. Then choose wordsfrom underneath to complete the sentences.

The __ seve re threat to th e env ironme ntcomes from air travel.

2 In the past, business and environ me ntal__ have always been in _ _ to eachother.

3 We cannot delay action an y _ _ - stepshave to be taken.

4 One of the __ probl em s is th at man ypeople do not realise how bad the situa tion__ is.

HOW TO STUDY

You cannot know in advance what pictures you willhave to talk about in the exam . But you can prep areuseful language in advance, such as phrases for

com paring and contrasting.

56 NATURE Smart answer key on page 174


13 Look at the two photos. One shows a forestbeing cleared, the other a forest fire .Compare and contrast the pictures,discussing the environmental and naturalissues they raise.

14 Read the following id eas . Then look at thestatement in exercise 16 . Which ideas do youthink are for and which are against animaltesting? Put the ideas in the correct groups.

• new vaccines aga ins t fatal diseases• allergic reac tions to cosme tics• medical experiments on humans• the treatment of laboratory animals• th e life of a person or th e life of an animal• cost co nside rations• learning more about human anatomy• usin g animals for food, clothing, etc.

Answers on page 174

Against

40 minutes

For

Debate

Try to add a few more ideas of your own toeach group.

15 Now expand the ideas from exercise 14 intoconvin cln g arguments. Write a sentence thatexplains how each idea is connected to theissue of animal testing.


16 Read the following statement . Do youagree or disagree? Prepare argumen ts tosupport your views. Then discuss the issu ewith your partner, responding to theircounter-arguments.

Animal testing is immoral and unnecessary,and it should be banned .

Answers on page 175

EXAM TIP

If you don't know the exact wo rd for something inEnglish, try to use words that you do know to explainwhat you mean. Giving examp les may also help toillustrate what you want to say. You 're not tested onhow much vocabu lary you remember, but on howgood your communication skills are.

Smart answe r key on page 174 NATU RE 57

~ 35 minutesReading-------


Read this leaflet giving ad vice on doing your homework.Match headings A-I to paragraphs 1-8. There is one headingyo u will not need to use.

1 Read the text in exerci se 4 4quickly to find out what itis about. Choose the bestti tl e for the text .

1 There is no successwithou t effort

2 How to do yourhomework without effort

3 How to become a pe rfectstude nt

2 Read paragraphs 1-3 in thetext carefully. Ch oose theco rrec t answer: a, b or c.

1 What is pa rag raph 1abo ut?a Th e ne cess ity to plan

yo u r work.b The best place to do

homework.c Creating the best

wo rking conditions .

2 What is paragraph 2about?a Buying school

material s.b Making notes.c Keeping your papers in

orde r.

3 What do es paragraph 3te ll you?a When to do

homework.b Where to do it .c How to do it.

3 Now read paragraphs 4-8.Underline each sentencethat con ta ins a piece ofadvice.

HOW TO STUDY

o

e

e

e

o

It's possible to get your homework done even if you have a busyschedule - if you decide in advancewhat you have to do. OnSunday or Monday, jot down your activities for the upcomingweek in a notebook and then includea time for homework foreach day.

Buy a folder for each of your classes. Divide it into threesections: notes, homework, and tests. Always put papers in thecorrect section.

Forgetabout doing your homework in front of the TV. Find aquiet place that's well-lit, where you can concentrate withoutgetting distracted.

You won't getany work done if you're hungry. Your brain needsenergy to work effectively! Drink plenty of water, and snack onsome fruit or cookies to get more strength.

Begin with your best subject. Your success will give you afeeling of satisfaction thatwill help you deal with your weakersubjects later.

If you've started your Science homework, finish it! Don 't leaveone part of your homework unfinished to start another- youmay not remember all those Chemistry formulas when youcome back.

Take at least a five-minute breakwhen you feel tired . The restwill re-energise you soyou'll be able to finishyour work.

Homework is rarely an exciting thing to do. But it's your loppriority, and you have to get it done. Accepting this fact wili helpyou deal with homework effectively.

If you study on your own, workwith a watch. Check the time limi tfor each task. Make sure yo u don 'tgo over the time limit, butremember to complete each taskcarefully.

58 SCHOOL

A Start strongB Complete each ta skC Plan aheado Eat for energyE Just do it!F Keep things in orderG Talk to an expertH Take a breakI Find the right place

Answers on page 17S


Listening ~ 30 minutes Use of English ~ 40 minutes

5 Which one is different from the other two?How is it different?

I eleven forty-five quarter to twelvetwelve fifteen

2 noon twelve ten midday3 pay book reserve4 before no lat er than during5 free inexpensive no charge

6 Can you find and correc t th e grammaticalerror in each sentence?

I I'm sure yo u're go ing to ha ve grea t timewith us here at Westford Co llege.

2 You 'll be in class every morning of duringthe week.

3 It 's im portant to make use with the SelfAccess Cen tre.

4 Th e t rip'S always very popular, as don'tforget to sign u p early!

LISTENING EXAM .. 1S m inutes

7 ~ 13 You will hear a teacher talking to agro u p of students who have just arrived atWestford Co llege, UK, for an En glishsummer course . Before you listen, readthrough the notes below. As yo u listen,complete the notes.

WESTFORD COLLEGE:ENGLISH SUMMER COURSE

I Classes held from 9.15 to _Monday to Th urs day

2 Self-Access Cen tre open till _

3 For Internet PCs, book at

4 For London trip, rese rve place before

5 Entrance to Food and Drink Festivalis _

6 Bring passpor t to get stude n t _

An sw ers on page 17S

EXAM TIP

Don't try to understand every single word that youhear. Focus your attention on the information you needin order to be able to answer the questions in the exam .


8 Read the sentences and ch oose the bestoption: a, b, or c .

I Each yea r thousands of yo ung people __from British universities.a gradeb graduatec gradua tion

2 Most __ insti tutions in Fra nc e arefinanced by the sta te .a educ ateb educat ionc educational

3 Stude n ts who are __ taiented in certa infield s can follow an individual cur ricuiu m.a except ionb except ionalc exceptionall y

4 Quite a few stude n ts in the area suffer fro mseve re soc ial and eco nomic __.a advantagesb d isadvan tagesc advantageous

9 Use a word ending (su ffix) fro m the list tofo rm the required word for each of 1- 8. Insome cases, more than one a nswer m igh t bepossible. Watch out for the correct spelling.

-ise • -abl e • -(at )ion • -(i)ty • -ly • -ness •-ful • -en • -men t • -less • -al •-ance/ence • -ing • -ed

I wide (ad jective) -7 (verb)2 create (verb) -7 (noun)3 dark (ad ject ive) -7 (nou n)4 ad just (verb) -7 (ad ject ive)5 resource (noun) -7 (ad ject ive)6 full (ad ject ive) -7 (adverb)7 refu se (verb) -7 (noun)8 popular (ad ject ive) -7 (verb)

Now write an example with ea ch suffix yo udidn't use.

10 Change the begin n in g of ea ch of thefollowing words, using the right prefi x, toform the opposite of the word.

happy • behave • like • understand •polite • complete • do • agree • co rrect •possibl e

SCHOOL S9

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 1S minutes Writing ~ 115 minutes

11 Read the text about education in Bri tain .Co m plete the gaps with the best form ofthe word in brackets. There may be somewords that you don't have to change.

In Britain , ' (EDUCATE) iscompulso ry between the ages of 5 and 16. Atthe age of five, ch ildren sta rt primary school.Then, at the age of eleve n , they begin theirsecondary ed uca tion . Most children go tosta te schools, and only about 7% ' _(ATTEND) fee-paying private schools.A school year is divided into three terms., (NEAR) all schools work a five-dayweek and they are closed on Saturdays. Th eday starts at nine and finishes between threeand four. Th ere is a lunch break whichusually lasts about an hour and a quarter.A ' (TYPE) timetable includesEng lish, Science, Maths , History, Geography,Art, Mu sic, Physica l Education and foreignlanguages. A lot of schools offer a range ofaft er-school .; (ACTIVE) such aschoir, drama, and trip s to ' _(INTEREST) places.Young people are expected to show respectfor their teachers and obey school ru les.Students who 7 (BEHAVE) risk beingexcluded from school.Th e main exams are GCSEs (school-leavingexams at 16), and A-levels (u niversityentrance exams at 18). Un ivers ity students, (GRADUATE) after completingtheir first degree, usually in three years. Manystuden ts then con tin ue their studies for aMaster 's d egree, or a PhD.

Answers on page 176

EXAM TIP

First decide what part of speech the missing wordshould be (verb, noun, adjective, etc.), then think aboutwhat d ifferent forms there are of the words that you' regiven.

60 SCHOOl

Writing an invitation ~ 4S minutes

12 The Present Simple is used to describe thefuture when the future is ' t im eta b led ' .

Read sentences 1-6. They a re all about fu tureevents . Is the future event ' t im eta b led'? If thefuture even t is 'ti m etab led', then rewrite thesentence using the Present Simple .

1 My flight is leavin g at 10.15 on Frida y.2 My aunt is co ming to stay with us.3 My aunt is arri ving on the 12.00 train .4 My exam is going to be on the 18th .5 Th e electio n is takin g pla ce on May 3rd.6 It 's go ing to rain tomorrow afte rnoon .

13 Read the instructions to exercise 14 on page61 carefully. Then read the invitation below,and decide if th e writer has included all therequ ired information. Tick the appropriatebox.

Yes No

1 when 0 0

2 where 0 0

3 what occasion /reason~

0 0-

4 wha t food and d rin k 0 0

Plea"e come 10 Ihe I'lludenl,,' Union BUilding(234 We"lgale Lane) and ioin Ihe party.

T~~ fun "!arl,, al 8 p.m, on Friday 19 Hay.(xc"mg quez, greal mu"ic and dance liIIlale

All "'uden'" are welcome. .

Be there or be squer'e...

Smart answer key on pag e 176


14 A group of foreign exchange students arecoming to visit your school. You have beenasked to organise a welcome party for theirarrival next Friday. Write a short invitation(40-50 words), and include the followinginformation:

• when the party will take place (date andtim e)whe re the party will be

• what the occasion /reason for the party iswh at food and drink will be available,

Answers on page 176

EXAM TIP

When you w rite short texts (like an invitation, forexample) that provide information, it's very importantthat you make sure you include all the necessary details .


15 Match the two parts of sentences, 1-5 anda-e, to m ake poin ts about motivation forstudying at school.

1 Not getting enough sleep2 Set yourself realistic targets3 Don't try to do your homework4 Do exercise every day5 If you eat a balanced diet,

a for doing homework,b to in crease yo ur energy levels.c you 'll feel more awake.d when you' re tired .e can ma ke you feel uninterested.

16 Match the two parts of sentences, 1-5 anda- d, to make suggestions about what tostudy. Two answers are possible in each case.

1 Why don't you try2 Have you cons ide red3 I think you should4 What about5 On e idea would be to

a Histor y?b do science subjects.c taking Busin ess Stud ies?d choose lan guages.

17 Ch oose a topic and use the expressions fromexercise 16 to write suggestions.

• what sport to start• what to study at university• whe re to go on holiday



18 Here is part of a letter you have receivedfrom your penfriend Sam:

So :r.'/>1 really conf'used.

:r. can't See the f'O"nt 01'

stay;"3 at school. E don't

See/>1 to be />1a.(;"3 />1uch

f'rOjreSS. i: F-nd ;t d;.f'F-cult

to .f'eel />106vated. Also, th;s

/>1onth coe have to chooSe

what SUtVects u.Je w;11

study at advanCed level. You

can chooSe three, but L

have no ;dea what to

chooSe, or whether to stay

at school at all

Write a reply to Sam,

• telling him about ways to improvemotivationsuggesting sub jects for him to study

• explaining the benefits of staying atschool.

Write about 150-180 words.

Answers on page 176

EXAM TIP

Think carefully about the grammatical structures to usewhen you 're planning what to write. How you presentyour ideas is as important as what you r ideas are.

SCHOOL 61

Speaking ... 70 minutes Picture-based discussion 35 minutes

Situational role-play .. 35 minutes

19 Each of these sentences about practisingEnglish contains a mistake. Can you find themistakes and correct them?

I Watching DVDs good because you can stopand rep eat to check the meaning.

2 Ma ny tourists are native spea kers of Eng lish ,so you getting authen tic practice.

3 When you read newspa pe rs, yo u can makeyour ti me and use a d ict ionary.

4 Your friends are great to talk to so you havethi ngs in co mmon.

S Cha t rooms help because it 's speaking buttyp ed because yo u can understand it .

20 Look at these sentences comparing ways ofpractising Eng lish. What words are missing?Choose words from the box below to fill thegaps .

1 Watching DVDs is easier _ _ readingnewspapers.

2 Tourists speak __ better Eng lish than yourfriends do .

3 The typed English in chat rooms is a __clearer than speaking.

4 Read ing newspap ers is the __ serio us wayof practi sing English .

S Your friends laug h if you ma ke _ _ ma nymistakes in Eng lish .

lot • too • most • than • much


21 You and your partner have been asked byyour teacher to recommend the best waysfor improving your English outside classes.

Look at this list of possible activities.Discuss them, and decide which two youwould most recommend.

• watching DVDs• talking to tourists• reading newspapers

talk ing to frie nds• using Internet chat rooms

Answers on page 176

EXAM TIP

If you feel you can't think of anything to say about onething in a list, start comparing it with another thing inthe list: that way, you're guaranteed to have somethingto say.

62 SCHOOL

22 Look at the two photos: A a nd H on page 63.Read these sentences, and decide if thesentence describes A, H, or both.

I There are abo ut half a dozen stude n ts in theclas s.

2 The teacher's at the front o f the cla ss.3 The teach er's handing out some work.4 The stude nts look very in terested .S One student seems to be sleeping .6 The students seem to be from differen t

coun tries.7 One student seems to find the wo rk very

dif ficult .8 You can see a nice garde n in the

background.9 Th e teac he r's quite a yo ung woman.

10 Th e tea ch er 's asking the stude nts a qu esti on.

23 Co m plete these sen ten ces by writing oneword in each gap.

I'm afraid that photo A is _ _ like myschool than phot o B!

2 I guess that the teacher in phot o A is givingthem a Maths test _ _ do.

3 I don't kn ow, but I su ppose photo B shows__ sum me r school.

4 I th ink that the students in photo Bareolder _ _ the ones in photo A.

HOW TO STUDY

If you pract ise alone, you can record your answers on atape. Then listen to the recording and check that youhave

answered all the questions• used the correct tense• used the correct phrases for spec ulating.Correct your mistakes, then try the task again.

SPEAKING EXAM • 5 minutes,

24 Look at the two photos of classrooms onpage 63. Compare and contrast the twolessons.

• What are the studen ts doing?• What is the teacher doing?• How do yo u think the stude n ts might be

feeling?Which phot o reminds you of lessons atyour school? Why?

Answers on page 171

LANGUAGE TIP

Remember that you should usually use the PresentSimple and Present Continuous tenses when describingphotos. Make sure you practise using them correctly.


Smart answer key on page 177 SCHOOL 63

Reading 30 minutes READING EXAM .. 15 minutes

1 Read the article in exerci se 4quickly to find out what itis about. Ch o o se the bestsu mmary for t he text.

I A pa rticu lar ed u ca tio n alinsti tu tion in New York.

2 Chan ges in the Am erica nsys tem of education .

3 Prob le m s that yo u n gAmericans face w it hga ining qualifications.

2 Read parag rap h 1 carefully.Ch o o se the best answer: a ,b , or c. W hat is theparag raph about?

a Th e school building looksfrigh ten ing.

b Th e stu d en ts w h o attendManhattan Ca m p makefri ends there.

c Man h atta n Ca m p is notwhat it seems at fir stsigh t.

3 Now read p a ra gra p hs 2-5a n d summarise eachparagraph in a singlesentence.

EXAM TIP

First read the whole text quickly toget a general idea of what it'sabout. Then read each paragraphmore carefully to decide what itsmain focus is. This will help youfind th e right missing sentencethat fits the context.

America 's First N ight H igh School by RettaBlaney, Current No.6 1992. © Mary GlasgowMagazines/Scho lastic. Reprint ed by perm issiono f Mary Glasgow Magazin es.

64 SCHOOL

4 Read this article about an American school. Four extracts a remissing from the text. Complete the text with t h e missingextracts from options A-E below. There is one extract yo uwill not n eed to use.

AMERICA'S FIRST NIGHT

HIGH SCHOOLThe first impressions are rather menac ing. Visito rs must s ign in and showidentification before being allowe d into the building. '__ But what adeceptive first impression! Manh attan Comprehensive Night High Sc hoolmay be the friendliest, most ca ring inst itution in all of New York City. Asc hool of last resort for many of its students, it is their best chance to turntheir lives around , and make friends in the process. Manhattan Comp, asit's called, is the first full-time night high sc hool in America.

High school is compulsory until the age of s ixte e n in Am erica, but manystudents drop out, either before or afte r they reach sixteen , and beforerece iving the ir high sc hool diplomas. Until now, night educa tionprogrammes for dropout s only provided the basics and then awarded anequ ivalen cy certific ate . '__ The stude nts rec eive an ac ade micdiploma, which they say is more helpful in getting a job than anequivalency certificate. More than sixty per ce nt of Manh attan Cornp'sstudents go on to college .

Most of the sc hool's 450 students have either bee n expelled from ordropped out of othe r high schools. Some have bee n in two or threeschool s before this one.

What seems to make this school work for these hard-to- place stude ntsis the staff and, most importa ntly, the principal. All the students call himHoward. a__ The institution is his own cre ation. He designed andopened it in 1989.

Most students at Manhattan Comp are between eighteen and twe ntytwo yea rs old. You must be at least seventeen to enrol Iin regu lar day highschools, students are usu ally between fourtee n and eightee n years old).The classes run from 5 to 11 p.rn., Mondays th rough Thursdays, with allday enric hment programmes on Sunda ys which explore topics likeplaywriting, art and video production. •__ Most students already havesome academic credits from previous sc hools, so instead of the normalfour years in high school, they spe nd, on average, between six monthsand two yea rs at Manhatta n Comp.

A School t erms are ten weeks long, w h ich gives stu d en ts theopportunit y to take time off for family matters o r jo bs.

B The community coord in ato r h e lps st uden ts w rite resumesand find jobs, a n d has even brought in clothes for studen tsso they ca n dress up for in terviews .

C As h e walks through the building, h e greets students byname, asks about their fa m ilies or jobs and jokes w ith themabout the la ck o f va rie ty in the school ca feteria .

D Such light sec u rity gives o ne the fee ling of en tering a p risonor some other d angerous pla ce .

E But now, Manhattan Cam p o ffers the total high sch oolexperience, com p lete w ith a ' lunch ' break, physicaleducation and clubs.


Sma rt answer key on page 177

Listening 2S minutes LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 m inutes

Answe-rs on page 177

EXAM TIP

In the listening exam, you wi ll hear every recording twice. When you arepractising, listen to the recordings twice. During the second time you listen,complete and check your answers.

30 minutes

RULES EXAMPLES

our + noun teacher

interested in + noun or -ing form(activity)

meet yo u at + noun (p lace/ ti m e)

she + ve rb (is/was or os)

cou ld yo u + ve rb (base fo rm)

exceptionally + ad ject ive/adverb

8 .,14 You are going to hear four people talking aboutwearing school uniforms. Read statements 1-5 and matcheach statement to one of speakers A-D. There is one questionthat yo u can match to two speakers.

1 I never had to wea r a u n ifor m. __2 I can see some advantages of school unifor ms. _3 I used to wea r a uniform without protest. __4 Wea ring uniforms has a psychological effect . __5 I don't be lieve uniforms make stude n ts loo k equal. __

9 Which two words o r phras es from t he list below co u ld go witheach word o r phrase in the first column o f the table? Ad d themissing examples.

the airport surfing the Internet repeat th e sentencetea Eher is 18 • sma rt > age · badly 6 o'clockpentathion try harder lives in Pari s

Use of English

S Read t he instruction toexercise 8 , a nd answer thequestions.

How many peop le are yougoing to hear ?

2 Wha t will they be talkingabo u t?

d Wearin g co m pulsoryuniform s limits stude n ts'freed om. __

e Th ere's mo re eq uality ifeve rybody wears the sameclothe s. __

6 W hich of the argumen tsbelo w are for, and w h ichare against wearing schooluniforms? Write For A.

a School uniform s areex pe ns ive. __

b If everybody wear suni form s, it' s cheaper stude n ts can 't show offtheir trendy clothes. __

c Un iforms are lesscom fortable thanstude n ts' own clot hes.

7 Try to p redict which ofspea kers A- D will be for,an d which will be aga ins twearing sc hool uniforms.

A: teen age girl o f 17B: teenage boy of 14C: a stude nt 's motherD: a you ng teach er

For Aga ins t 10 Read the te xt in exercise 12 on page 66 quickl y to a ns wer thequestions.

What type o f schools is the article about?Is the writer's o pin ion ab out these school s positi ve o r negative?

11 Read the text again. Don 't fill in the gaps. Ma ke a list of a tleast fiv e positive things the writer m entions a bo u t theschools.

Smart answer key on page 177 SCHOOL 6S

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM ~ 1S minutes

12 Read the following article about schools inBritain. Pill in each gap with one wordonly.

British Public EducationBritish pub lic schoo ls are famous for '_ _exce llence. Even those who criticise them fora__ a symbo l of class privilege admit theyhave much to offer. Th ey '__ challengingfor unusually cleve r stude n ts, but alsoappreciative '__ less acade m ically-giftedpe rsonalit ies. They teach self-discip line, butalso creativity. They are excit ing , and s__the same t ime, successful '__ conven tio na lter ms of percen tage of examinatio n passesand university en trances. Indeed, r__

schools where studen ts live, wor k and playtoget he r do seem ' _ _ have more success inrealising th eir ob ject ives '__ any othereduca t ional in stitution of our times.

1 introducing an argumen t2 introducing a coun ter-argume nt3 giving an exam ple4 co nti nu ing an argume nt5 summarising/conclud ing6 giving a personal view


1S Write an essay of 200--250 words about theissues involved in this question:

Should you start a career or en ter universityat 18?

Co ns ider the Iollowing:• ea rn ing a livlng• sta rting a family• gain ing experience• meeting new people.

Answers on page 178

EXAM TIP

When you write an argumentative essay, this structureof paragraphs is usually suitable:1 introduction of the topic2 argume nts for, with examp les3 arguments against, wi th examp les4 summary and conclusion5 personal views (ifappropriate).

Answers on page 117

EXAM TIP

In a cloze task, where you have to fill in gaps in a textwith just one wo rd, it's important to understand whatthe text is generally about. The context will help youwo rk out the possible meanin g of the missing words.It's also a good idea to read the text quickly, and lookfor clues that help you decide what part of speech(verb , noun , preposition, ete.) is each missing word.

Speaking


55 minutes

3S minutes


14 Put these linking words and phrases into thecorrect groups 1-6.

however to sum up in contrast bu to n th e one ha nd in addition suc h asas far as I'm concerned for one thingin other wo rds in fact furthermorein my ow n exp erience conversely

13 Look at the example essay on page 139, andfind the fo llow mg:

1 two sen tences that suppor t th e statemen t inthe ti tle

2 two sen tences that argu e against th estatemen t in the title

3 two sen tences whe re the writer shows actualexam ples

4 two sen tences where t he writer summariseswhat has been said befo re.

Writing 90 minutes 16 In each sentence, ch oose the co rrect word: a,b, or c, to fill the gap.

1 I imagin e __ th e bo y is feeling anx ious inth is situat ion.a how b that c what

2 Th e girl is concen trating hard on __ she'sdoing.a th at b what c it

3 I don't know, but pe rhaps the boy is _ _ atest .a taking b getting c making

4 Th e teach er is showing the girl how to __the ma chine.a put b do c use

5 You could n 't be __ the boy all the time.a as b like c for

6 We can't te ll __ th e girl's learning as ahobby or for her job.a why b whether c wh ich

66 SCHOOL Smart answer key on page 177

Answeu on page 178

HOW TO STUDY

20 minutes


Practise different ways of expressingyour opinion, agreeing anddisagreeing, and inviting someone'sopinion. You can find useful phrases inthe Speaking Bank on page 128.

21 Read the statement belowand prepare arguments for oragainst it. Then discuss theissue with yo ur partner, andrespond to his / her counterarguments.

Peopl e wh o go to un iversityshould pay for th eir educa tion.

EXAM TIP

6 Society needs educatedpeople. _

Talking about what you don't knowguessing, having theories, wondering- is an important part ofcommunication, and this is reflected inthe speaking exam .

2 Only peo ple from wealth ierfam ilies can afford tuitionfees. _

3 Talen ted people are notalways th e riches t. _

4 Scho larships sho uld beavailable for those whodeserve it . _

5 Teenagers usually have nomon ey, so tuition fees are aburden on th e parents.

20 Write similar arguments bothfor and against the statementin exercise 21.

19 Read the following argumentsand decide if t hey support t hestatement in exercise 21 be low.Write yes, no, or not sure.

1 You can earn more money ifyou have a university degree.

Debate

SPEAKING EXAM ;0, 10 minutes

18 The two photos show different kinds of learning.Com pa re and contrast the two pictures. Which imagefeels closer to your own experience of lea rn ing?

17 Read what a student said about the pictures in exercise 18.Choose from sentences A, Band C underneath to fill inspaces 1-3 in the text.

There are obvious d ifferences betwee n the two images. '__The sell ing in one is academic, but it is pract ical in th e othe r.However, I thin k there are in fact some important similaritiesbetween the two pictures. z__ We don 't see either of themworking with other stude nts . '__ Both of th em areoperating machines. So, I think the same ideas of educationare involved in eac h picture.

A For one thing, bo th images are of a student learn ingind ividually.

B In add itio n to this con nection, they both show studentswh o are learning by doing something.

C For exa mple, one sho ws a boy and one a girl.

Answers on page 178

Smart answer key on page 178 SCHOOL 61

Reading ... 35 minutes READING EXAM

1 Fo r each sentence 1-4, choose the only wordof A-D that it is NOT possib le to use tocomplete it.

I lt takes a lot of time, effort and m oney toobtain the speci al licence n eed ed to d rive ata xi in London. __, only th e m ostdetermined ca nd idates ach ieve th is goa l.

3 Read the article about taxi drivers inLon don . Seven extracts have been removedfro m the text. Put an extract fro m A-H backin the right spaces to co m ple te the te xt.There is one ext ract you will not need .

EXAM TIP

sti ll • consequently • additiona lly • like

When doing the task, mark the extractsyou have used.When you have completed the task, check that youdidn't use a fragm ent twice.

3 During the train ing period, tra inee taxidr ivers h ave to cover their own expenses,__ the cos t of gett ing around Londonusing private t ransport.

KnowingLondonInsideOut

'__ Dur ing

this period, whichcan ta ke from two tofour years, thewou ld-be taxi driverhas to learn themost direct route toevery sing le roadand to everyimportant buildingin London. Toach ieve thi s, mostlea rners go around

the city on sma ll motorbikes, practising how tomove to and from different po ints of the city.

Going around London on a small motorbike canhave its problems, especially during the winter.z__ T here was thick snow everywhere and I hadto wea r my mother's tigh ts becau se I was so cold:he said.

Learner drivers a re not allowed to work andearn money as drivers. 3__ The trai ning periodcan cost quite a lot, becau se learners have to pay forthe ir own expenses (getting around Lond on usingprivate transp ort), the tes ts they take and a medicalexam.

On ce a new taxi driver has a licence, the nextthing he or she has to cope with is the public.Drivers agree tha t most passengers are verypleasant, although occasiona lly they can be nasty.But, as Brian Tu rner, 53, a taxi driver for thirtyyea rs, exp lains : 'Your job is to take them whe re theywa nt to go in a poli te and pleasant ma nner,whatever they are like. After all, if you'reunp leasant to your passenger, yo u won' t ge t a tip.'

London taxi drivers know the cap ital like the backof the ir hands. Just jump into one of the city's22,000 distinctively-shaped cars and tell the d riveryour destination. No matter how small and difficu ltto find the street is, the driver wi ll be able to getyou there witho ut any trouble.

D Neverth elessE

D suc h asE

o NeverthelessE

D Therefore,E

A HoweverB ThereforeC In spite of this

A What's moreBAlsaC In addition

A as a matter of fact,B for ins tance,C for exam ple,

4 Being a taxi driver m ay be dan gerous. __,most London taxi dri vers wo uld never wa n tto change the ir job.

A As a result,B Moreover,C Because of th is,

2 Taxi dr ivers are expected to know the citylike the back of their h an ds. __, theymust be as p leasant as possible, eve n to rudepassengers.

2 Ch oose one word from the list below whichcou ld a lso be used to fill the gaps in thesen tences in exercise I aho ve. Write thecorrect wo rd in the bl ank space (E) after eachsente nce.

68 WORK Smart answer key on page 178

~ 20 minutes Listening---

~ 20 minutes

'__ Colin Sinclair was once attacked by apassenger w ho did not want to pay the fare: 'Hegrabbed my han d and said, 'I am going to beat youup', and then he started pushing me towards thewindow. Luckily, I managed to reach the emergencyradio and w ithin five minutes twenty drivers hadcome to my aid .'

s__ The big advantage of this system is thatdrivers then know the na me and the destination oftheir passen gers in advance, w hich is very useful ifsomething nasty happens.

' _ _ Celebrities and politicians often use taxisand this can add a bit of exciteme nt to the lives ofthe drivers . Brian Turner once carried twoprincesses in his taxi - w itho ut even realising it! Herecalled: 'They stopped me in front of the gates ofKensington Palace. [ knew I had seen them inphotographs but it was on ly after they left tha t [realised who they were!'

Talking and drivin g at the same time is not easy.'_ _ They and their taxis are a landmark of thecapital and are recogni sed throu ghout the wor ld,along with the Queen and Big Ben, as a grea t Britishtradition .

A But someti mes it is not on ly the tip that is atrisk; a taxi dri ver's job can also be dangerous.

B To avoid situa tions like this, more and moredrive rs are join in g radio ta xi co m pan ies,wh ich o n ly deal with customers who h avetelep honed for a taxi an d who often ha ve anaccount with them.

C Therefore, many of them keep t he ir previousjobs un til they get their taxi-driving licence.

D But th is is the art that Lon don 's tax i driversh ave brought to perfect ion.

E Colin Sincla ir, 40, w ho h as been a ta xi d riverfor fift een years, described hi s training periodas a tim e of extreme p hysica l d iscomfort .

F Learner taxi d rivers are tested several t imesby government officers.

G However, not all u nexpecte d m eetings arenasty ones.

H The reason London taxi drivers are soprofessional is that they h ave all go nethrough a very difficul t t rai n ing periodkn own as 'the knowledge' to get the speciallicence n eeded to drive taxis.

Answers on page 178


4 Read the in struct io n to exercise 6 a n d answerthese question s.

1 How many people are go ing to speak?2 What are they go ing to ta lk about?3 Do yo u know who's go ing to speak first?4 What do yo u h ave to listen for?

5 Deci d e which of the jobs A-E can bed escribed using the words or phrases in theli st bel ow. You ca n u se so me of t hem moretha n o nce.

pu t to bed • t rees • blow-dry get ti psm orning paper customers ' was h frui tcrates • te ll stories fro n t doordo a round • h ai rcut far m ' feedserve m eals pe rm ' bring the bi llpick fruit • ne ighbourhood • look af ter

A Babysittin gB Fru it pi cki ngC Serv ing customers in a tea -roomD Deliveri n g newspapersE Helping in a h airdressin g salo n

L15TENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

6 '" 15 You will hear four teenagers talkingabout how they earn some pocket money.Decide which person does which job (A-E) .Write the number of the speaker in thecorrect box. One job does not appear in therecording.

A Babysitting Speaker DB Fruit picking Spea ker DC Serving custom ers in a tea-room Speaker DD Delivering newspapers Speak er DE Helping in a hairdressing salon Speaker D

Answers on page 178

EXAM TIP

Before you listen for the first time, make sure you readthe instructions carefully. Check that you know exactlywhat you have to do (write something down? tickboxes? number boxes? choose an answer?, etc.).

WORK 69

Use of English • 3S minutes USE OF ENGLISH EXAM • 1S minutes

Answers on page 179

EXAM TIP

Hobbi es:

~ 75 minutes

9 Complete the text by writing one word only in each gap.

SHOCKING NEWS:STUDENTS WANT TO TEACH!

Ambitions/ Plans:

Teachers may feel underpaid and unappreciated, but,judging from the results of a recent career survey,they're inspiring '_ _ very tough crowd: teenagers .

The survey found that teaching is a top careerchoice for teenagers, ranking as high z__ doctor - afrequent favourite - and just above lawyer - anotherpopular choice. Th e sur vey was based on responsesfrom more ' _ _ 1,000 people '__ were aged from13 to 17. The qu estion asked was, 'What kind of work' _ _ you think you will do for a career?' Theteenagers were asked ' _ _ give their to p threechoices. The other top ten choices included sports,scien ce, architecture, business, the military,engineering and nursing.

Results have always differed between girls andbays. For example, a military career '__ never beena top-ten choice among girl s, but it 's often popularwith bays. ' __ the other hand, nursin g is usually apopular choice with girls , but has never made the topten with boys.

Open doze, where you fi ll in gaps with one word of your own, isdesigned to test your knowledge of gramm ar. So, alth ough you shouldconsid er the meaning of the sente nce that contains the gap, the wordyou write in the ga p will probably be a g rammar wo rd. In oth er words,you need to show the examiner what you know abou t grammar, nothow many words you' re famili ar w ith.

Writing

Writing a formal letter

10 Make so me notes a bou t you rse lf under the fo llow ingheadings. Write a t least two facts in each ca te gory.

Educati on:

4 As Ed ucatio n Min iste r, she isresponsible __ the qualityof educatio n in our schools.a tob wit hc for

5 __ you th in k you cou ldhelp me with my pro ject?a Willb Doc Can

7 The gaps in the sentencesbelow are the sam e types ofthings you often find in anopen doze test (like exercise 9).Here your task is to choose thecorrect word: a , b , or c, to filleach ga p.

1 Nor thtown School, __ I goto, is well known for sport .a whichb thatc where

2 My cit y's footba ll tea m hasnever _ _ successfu l in thechampionshi p .a beenb gonec had

3 I haven 't visited as manyco un tries __ my siste r.a asb thanc so

8 Read t h is short text. It contai nsseven errors. Can yo u find andcorrect them?

When I thi nk on the future, Ireali se I reall y have no idea whatI'm go ing to do. Th at I want todo is to enjoy the present andlive for the moment. When mybrother had my age, all he d idwas make plan s. He kn ew wh ichhe wanted to go to university,what co urse to take - everyth ing .Even as a teen ager, he hasdecided of hi s job. And, let metell yo u, my brother is veryboring! I'm go ing to live m y lifedi fferen t.

Skills:

70 W ORK Smart answer key on pa ge 178

11 Use the information fro m ex ercise 10 to write a short textabout yourself. Use the following framework as the basisfor your text. .

My nam e is and I live in . In my family,_ _ __. I atte nd school, wh ere I study severalsubjects: . The exam results I have achieved are:___ _ . The subject(s) that interest me most is/a re____ becau se _

My hobbies and interests are: . . I en joy it/ th embecause _In the future, I hope to and to . I th ink Iwould be good at beca use _

LANGUA GE TI P

Direct question : 'Can you tell me howto get to your house?'Indirect question : 'I wo uld like toknow how to get to your house:Indirect questions are more forma l and

respectful. In a formal lett er we usually

present questions indirectly. Youshould practise forming indirect

questionsso that you can easily dothis in any situation in the writing

exam task.

If you're practising with a partner, compare what you havewritten and check each other's work for errors.

Speaking ... 10 minutes

12 Choose from the words below to fill in gaps 1-4. (You don 'tneed to write the end of the sentence yet.)

Situational role-play.. 3S minutes


14 You ha ve seen the fo llowing a n nouncement, a nd decidedto w rite a letter to the Council. Write 200-250 words.

13 Th ink of at least two ways of fin ishing each sentence inexercise 12.

1 What kinds of jobs hav e you_ _ before"!

2 Do you have other _ _experience?

3 Well, for example, hav e you_ _ someth ing at school?

4 Do you ha ve a __ idea ofthe work you wou ld like?

5 Would you like a job __with people?

6 Would you _ _ to be in anoffice env ironme nt?

7 __ me, is th ere a job thatyou wo uld not want?

workin g prefer o rganiseddone tell releva nt clea r

15 Look at these questions aboutchoosing a summer job. Whatword is m issing in each case?Choose words from the listunderneath.

hopeinterestedlikewondering

Education and SkillsSupport Council

I wou ld be '__ to know if opportunities for pro mo tion aregood In .

I would '__ to know what qualifications I would need to bea .I was z__ if wo rk placements are available in .I '__ that you can tell me about suitable tra ining course for

The Counci l's ro le is to provide yo ung people inth e region w ith help and advice about pl anningth eir future.

We w ill tell young people about education ,training, work pl acemen ts and career prospectsif th ey w rite to us:

• telling us abou t their st ud ies, achievementsand interest s

• saying w hat ambitions and plans they havefor stud y and /or w ork

• explain ing what help they want.

Answers on page 179

Smart answe r key on page 179 WORK 71

16 Look at these suggestions. Choose the correct word: a, b, or cfor each gap.

1 Why don't you try _ _ to the local tourist information office?a apply b applying c application

2 I think yo u __ see if you can get a job in a sh op .a sh ould b might c would

3 W h at abo ut jobs _ _ you could practi se your Engli sh?a where b how c wh ich

4 It should be possib le _ _ you to work in a restaurant.a if b with c for

5 Look for businesses which need to __ an interpreter.a put b ha ve c do

SPEAKING EXAM I<>- 10 minutes

17 Your friend wants to get a job this summer and asks you foradvice.

Look at this list of job advertisements:

SUMMER JOBS

Child minder

Eng lish family living here lor the summer requ ire achild minder lor their two child ren (3 and 7). Use 01 carand meals provided. 5 days a week and some eve nings.

Cit y guide

Tourist office look ing to employ guides during thesummer. Official city tours last two hours and are inEng lish. History knowledge essential.

Shop assistant

Busy store in shopping centre requires summer shopass istants. Friendly manner, sma rt appearance, in terestin fashion, reasonable Eng lish.

Waiter

Busy city centre bistro w ishes to employ seasonalwa iting staff. Good communication skills a mu st.Flexible hours, to include some wee kends andevenings.

Hotel receptionist

Excellen t opportunity for the right person to begin acareer in hotel industr y. 4* hotel near airport requiresrecepti on ass istant during summer.

Discuss the following points with your friend .

o Ask your frien d what ex perience he or sh e has.o Ask wha t kinds of work h e or she would like to do.o Ask wha t kinds of work h e or she wouldn' t like to do .o Make suggest io ns about wh ich job or job s adver tised wou ld

be suitable for your frien d .

Answers on page 119

72 W ORK

EXAM TIP

It's important to pract iseexpressing yourself in English in arange of different ways. Youshould be able to ask questions,for example, or make suggestions,in several ways. It can be boring or even rude - if you always dot hese things in exactly the sameway.

Picture-based discussion.... 35 minutes

18 Ch oose from t he wordsbelow to complete t he textabout jobs and work.

assistant officeh olidays • st ressfu l 0

qualified u nskilledhighly skill ed promotiontraining manualpension • skilledco m mu te • wh ite-collar

Traditionally, jobs ha ve beendivided into two types, basedon the cloth ing peop le woreto do their work: blue-collarjob s in fact ories an d '__job s in offi ces. These da ys,we usually refer to the twotypes as z__ jobs and'__ jobs respecti vely. Somejobs are '__: anyone cando these jobs, without beingtrained . Most jobs, however,are s__ and many job s are' _ _ . If you get a certi ficate,diploma or degree, then yo uwill be '__. Because manyjobs are very specialised, youwill recei ve '__ to h elpyou do the job . Alt h oug hyou will probably start as an'__ , you can hope to get ato__ after a wh ile . If yo uha ve to " __ a long way towork, you may find it u_ _ .O n th e o ther hand, if yo ucan take long u __ andyour com pa ny provides youw ith a good "__ plan, youmay feel glad to h ave yo urjob.


19 Here are some sentencesthat students said about thephotos in exercise 20. Canyou match the beginnings1-5 with the endings a-e?

1 Personally, I th ink I'd bebetter at

2 Yes, actually, my fatherdoes a very

3 Well, he is some kind ofmechanic, but

4 Maybe this company isinvolved

5 Although this man wo rksvery hard physically,

a similar job to the oneshown here.

b I think it may not be toostressful.

c in marketing or the media- some th ing creative.

d an office job tha n manualwo rk.

e th e others could be almos tan ything.

SPEAKING EXAM10 minutes

20 Look at the two photosof jobs. Compare andcontrast the work and thesituations.

• Wh at jobs are shown?Whi ch job wo uld youprefer doing?

• Do you know peoplewh o do th ese kinds ofjobs?

An swet'S on page 179

EXAM TIP

In the speaking exa m, the picturebased discussion usually relates toa part icular topic. Every topic hasits ow n specific vocabulary, whichyou can imm ediately use in talkingabout the picture. Look at theWord Bank on page 151.

Smart answer key on page 179 WORK 73


1 Read the fo llow in gparagraph, then decidewhich of the statementsbelow, A or B, is true,acco rd ing to thein formation in theparagra ph.

50% of the su rveyrespondents ad mitted theapplicant's appea rance pla yeda rol e in recruit me n tprocedures. The rate wasthree times lower amongsuccessful job applica nts, andonly one in twentyem ployers (5%) agreed thatap pe arance was a de cisivefactor.

A Half of the job app licantsthat we re turned downbelieved that the way theylooked was to blame.

B 95% of em ployers claimedappearance wascom pletely irrelevantwhen em ploying newstaff.

EXAM TIP

Read all four options carefully.Remember, one word can changethe meaning of the whoiesentence to make it a wronganswer. If you're not sure whichoption is the bestanswer, tryeliminating the ones that youknow are wrong to reduce your

choices.

74 WORK

2 Read the a rti cl e about discrimination in the workplace, andchoose the best option: a , b , c, or d to complete statements1-5 about the te xt.

Overweight, underpaidSexual, racial and age discrimination are

outlawed. Are sizeism and lookism the lastprejudices?

SONYA is heaviiy overweight and used to what she describes as' fatism' from the general public. But she hadn't expected her obesityto affect her career prospects. ' I knew the moment I turned up to myiast job interview that my chances were low,' she says. ' When I metmy two interviewers, I knew I'd lost immediately because of the waythey looked at me. The thing that was most upsetting was that thetelephone conversatio n I'd had with one of them beforehandsuggested I had all the skills and experience necessary and the

interview was just a formality.''Lookism' is the latest discrimination to hit the workplace,

according to the law firm, Eversheds. Victims of the trend are judgedby employers on aspects of their appearance ranging from weight toclothing and from hairstyle to body piercing. Some are turned downfor jobs, others miss out on promotion. The latest research hasrevealed a culture of appearance discrimination sweeping businessesacross the world. A staggering 16% of Americans believe they havebeen discriminated against because of the way they look and 33%believe that those who are more physically attractive are more likely

to get promoted.Discrimination claims involving alleged lookism are surging in the

US. In fact, there are only two states of America that have specificlaws against appearance discrimination. In other states , lawyers areturning to discrimination laws relating to issues like gender, race anddisability. So if someone is overweight because of a clinical problem,they can claim disability discrimination.

There are examples of lookism issues already arising in the UK aswell. A couple of years ago, Fitness First received widespreadcriticism after a leaked email claimed that larger employees did not fitthe firm's image. In the UK, we don't have any laws againstappearance discrimination, but Ms Emma Harris, an associate atEversheds, believes it won't be long before we do. ' I think it's only amatter of time before some kind of beauty bias legislation comes intoplay,' she says. In the meantime, victims of lookism are, like mostAmericans, relying on sex, race and disability discrimination. Amongthe British who have been successful in an indirect discriminationclaim are Matthew Thompson, who last year argued that he hadsutTered sexua l discrimination because he was forced to wear a tiewhile his female colleagues weren't , and a man who was made to cut

his long hair by his employers.


~ 2S minutes Listening 20 minutes

I Before her last job in terview,Sonyaa had expected problems

gett ing the job.b had never felt

discrimin ated agains t.c had not realized how

ove rweight she was.d had thought the interview

would be a forma lity.

2 During the in te rviewa Sonya was surprised there

were two in terviewers.b she didn't like the way the

in terviewers looked .c th e interviewers were

surprised at herqualifications.

d she had a feeling shewo uldn't be accept ed .

3 Lookisma is not lim ited to job

applicants.b is opposed by one third of

American s.c only affects un attract ive

and overweight people.d has been researched for

ma ny years now.

4 In the USAa lookism is forbidden by

federal law.b race discrimination is more

Widespread than 100kisl11 .c the number of cases

related to lookism isgrowing.

d lawyers turn down peopl ewh o claim appea rancediscrimination.

5 In the UKa the re is public acceptance

of lookism.b legal regulations against

loo kism are expected soon .c victims of lookism have no

chance to claim th eirrights.

d there have been n o casesrelated to looki sm so far.

Answers on page 180


3 Write a list of three a rgum en ts for, and three argumentsagainst starting a fam ily at an early age. Th in k especiallyabout how having ch ild ren would affect someone's career.

, LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

4 .s, 16 You are going to hear four women talking aboutbalancing a career with raising children. Match speakersA- D to statements 1-8. There is one statement youca n not match to any of the speakers.

A Tara HastingsB [anice PepperC Linda SternD Vanessa Carroll

I She doesn't m iss the luxur ies that working coupleswithout children have. __

2 She believes family is more important than having acareer. __

3 She planned her career so tha t having children would notaffect it so mu ch . _ _

4 She thinks her partner should have given up hi s job tostay with the child ren so she could return to her caree r.

5 Her partner had to work longer hours when she gave upher job to be with the ir kids . _ _

6 She accepted a lower salary so she cou ld be in a betterpos ition at a smaller compa ny. __

7 She is raising her children on her own besides having ajob. __

8 She did n't want to be old when her children left highschool. __

Answers on page 180

EXAM TIP

It's easier to understand the recording if you know what to expect. Readthe task carefully before you listen. Be careful: if a phrase in the recordingsounds similar to the statements in the task, it's not necessarily theinform ation you' re looking for. Pay attention to the meaning of what you

hear.

WORK 75

Use of English ~ 25 minutes USE OF ENGLISH EXAM .. 10 minutes

Answers on page 180

EXAM TIP

Before you fill in the gaps, read the text quickly tocheck that you understand the main points. This willhelp you find the right word more easi ly.

tothoseeven

th is kind ofsomething

Get it right!

Katy Smith, career cons u ltant, has a few tr icksup her sleeve for ' looking for a job.Go on and get it right!

Read recru itment sections in newspapers andon the Intern et . A good pe rmane n t job with apromise of long-term employment can bediffi cu lt to find, so z take atemporary job, 3 if it is only for afew months? Every day in most localnewspa pers there are at t rac tiveadvertisemen ts for both full -time and part time jobs, so don 't miss them!

Whe n yo u've decided to apply ' ajob , send your ap plica tion with a CV as soonas possible. Don't forget to list all yo urqu alifi catio ns (degrees and di plomas) and anyprevious experience you have with s _

work.

At the interview don't be afraid ' _ask abo ut working co nd itions (e.g. hours orholidays) but wait for the in terviewer tome ntion the question of starti ng sa lary.Mo ney is a deli cate issu e and ' _greedy will not get yo u a job.

Dress for success! Put on smart clothes andwea r ' bri ght to boost yourco nfide nce at the in terview.

why not for 'bein g • except

7 Read the following advice from a ca ree rconsultant, and fill in gaps 1-1 0 with asuitable word or phrase fro m list. Use eachword or phrase only once. There is oneword or phrase that you don't need.

6 Read the text in exercise 7 quickly (don't fillin the gaps yet) and tick the four pieces ofad vice of A- F below that are mentioned.

A You can fin d information abo ut jobs inn ewspap ers and on the Internet. 0

B If yo u don't find a permanent jobimmedi at ely, tr y to find a temporary job fora short time. 0

C Apply for eve ry attractive full -time and parttime job that you find to increase yourchances of get t ing a job . 0

D When you send in your CV, don't writeabout all your qu alifications there, leave thisto the interview. 0

E Ask questions about the wo rking conditions,bu t try to avoid br ing ing up the question ofmoney you rself. 0

F If yo u dress elega n tly, you ' ll have a betterchance of succeed ing at the interview. 0

S Match phrases 1-10 with their definitionsa-j.

1 apply2 sta rting salary3 curr iculum vitae (CV) (BrE)/resu me (AmE)4 permanent job5 in te rview6 tem porary job7 qua lifications8 working co nd itions9 experience

10 pa rt-time job

a a job which will end on a specific dayb tra in ing or exams need ed for a jobc working less than the normal wor king wee kd to ask questions to find ou t if someone is

right fo r a jobe a job wh ich yo u can expect to do for a long

timef the amount of money yo u are paid when

you start workingg knowledge yo u get from doing a job for a

long timeh situation in which you work

to ask for a job in writinga short hi stor y of your ed ucation and whe reyo u have wo rked so far

76 WORK Smart answer key on page 180

~ 70 minutesWriting

Writing a formal letter/job application

Speaking


20 minutes

8 Read these pai rs of sentences from jobapplication letters. In each case, decidewhich alternative: a o r b, you think is moreappropriate.

a I am writing in reference to youradvertise ment for tourist guides .

b [ am writing beca use [ saw youradvert isement.

2 a There are many reasons why [ would begreat at the job.

b [feel I would be suita ble for th e positionfor a n umber of reaso ns.

3 a [have achieved h igh marks in myEnglish language exa ms.

b My English language ability isunbelievable.

4 a I can say everything I want to say.b I believe that I have goo d

commun ication skills.5 a I am a ma jor expert on our town's

hi stor y.b I have always taken a keen interest in th e

history of our town.6 a [ would like to develop my career.

b My present job is rubbish .


9 You h ave seen this job advertisement andhave decided to apply. Write your letter ofap plica tion (150-200 words) .

Wanted: people withthe right attitude!

O ur town is growing in popular ity w ithforeign touris ts. We need guides to show themround . Gu ides need to:• have a friend ly manner• speak goo d English• know about our city - facilities, history, etc.If you fit this description, send us a letter ofapp lication, ad dressed to the Officer forTou rism.

Answers on page 180

EXAM TIP

The most important thin g about writing a jobapplication task in the writing exam is to rememb erwho the reader is. WiIi your lette r tell th e reader all theinform ation he or she needs to know ? Check therequired poin ts carefully. Also make sure yo u useappropriate formal language.


10 What do you think? Are the fo llowin g jobsbetter done by women, or by men, or is thereno difference?

train d river • nurse • footballer • politician •architec t • web desig ne r • coal miner

11 If you're working with a partner, discussyou r answers to ex ercise 10. Give reasons.Discuss other jobs, too.


12 Look at the photo of th e woman, anddiscuss t he fol lowing questions.

• Whe re is she? What is she doi ng?• Are some jobs more suited to men or

wome n? Why?

Answers on page 181

EXAM TIP

Fillers and connecto rs are very useful words that giveyou time to think. Don 't overuse th em though, becausethi s might give the impression that you can't find thewords you' re looking for.

WORK 77

Reading .. 30 minutes

1 Match ve rbs 1-8 with phrases a-h to form 2 Match the phrases with their definitions.collocati ons co n n ected wi th a healthy 1 put on weight a sta rt (e.g. a new hobby)li festyle. There may be different so luti o ns 2 give up b grow fatte rpossible . 3 cut do wn on c have less of1 stay a enough sleep 4 take up d stop (doing)2 keep b fit3 avoid c a sensible diet HOW TO STUDY

4 go d jogging Record any new vocabulary that you want to remember5 wo rk out e in shape in your notebook. It's usuaiiy a good idea to write down6 get f weigh t the new words in a phrase or sentence, which shows

7 lose g st ress you not only the meaning of the word, but also how it's

8 follow h in the gym used in context.


3 Read the following leaflet giving advice on leading a healthy life. Some phraseshave been left out of the text . Cho ose from phrases A-I below to complete thegaps. There is one phrase you're not going to need.

How to live to be100• Reduce calories and cut down on sweets, cakes and chocolate. If you are overweight, try to lose

weight. Being overweight increases your ' of developi ng circu lation problems.• Follow a sens ible diet - eat as much low-fat food as possible: chicken, fish and yogurt are good

for you. Aim to eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day to ens ure your z _of Vitamin C and health-giving minerals.

• Give up smoking - eve ry cigarette shortens your life.• Lead an active lifestyle. Keep fit and stay in shape: ' out in"the gym or take up

jogging? Choose an activity that you' . Exercise sho uld be a pleasure, not a du ty. Aimto exercise for about 30 minutes at least five times a wee k. If you work sitting down , s _

up as often as you can and walking around for a whi le.

DON'T

• Don't go to bed late: if you don't get enough sleep, you will lack energy and you will age faster.Sleep replenishes the energies spent during the day and aids the natural healing p rocess of thebod y.

• Don't get stressed: 6 and avoid stress at hom e, scho ol or work. Learn to relax, andwhen you feel that your stress level is rising, take a break .

• Don' t eat between meals: it' s the fastest way to put on we igh t. If you 7 snacks, try atleast to eat healthy snacks, like fruit or yog urt.

• Don't be a fitness fanatic' You need to stay in shape bu t remember to ' _

A why not wo rkB it 's wor th practi singC keep ca lm

78 HEALTH

D chancesE can 't give upF try get ting

G maintain a bal anced lifestyleH en joy doingI intake

Answers on page 181


Listening 25 minutes LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

4 Read carefully theinst ruct io n to exercise 6to find out about therecording you are going tohear. Then choose the bestending for the sentencebelow.

In the exa m task you arego ing to listen toa a speech given by an old

woman.b an in te rview with an o ld

man,c a story of a young man.

S Read the possible answersin exercise 6 and try toguess what kind ofinformation to expect int he recording. Which ofsentences 1-7 do you th in kare true (T) and which a refalse (F)?

1 Mr Sincla ir may be aroundone h undred yea rs old.T/ F

2 He has never beenmarried . T / F

3 He has more than onegrandchild . T / F

4 He says someth ing aboutthe times when he wasyou ng. T / F

S He was an only ch ild.T /F

6 We' re going to h ear hi mta lk abo ut his att itude tolife. T / F

7 In h is interview he ta lksab out smoking. T / F

HOW TO STUDY

Remember that during theexam ination yo u will hear therecording twice. When yo upractise, try listen ing to therecording no more than tw ice tocomplete the task.


6 '" 17 First read sentences 1-7. You are going to hear a radiointerview with an elderly man. Ch oose the correct option:a, b, or c, according to the information you hear in therecording.

1 Mr Sinclair te lls us that hea has already celeb rate d hi s l Oflth birthday.b is goi ng to celebrate his lOath bir thday soon.c cannot remember pr ecisely when hi s bir thday is.

2 Mr Sin clair has been marrieda once.b twice.c three times.

3 How many grandc h ildre n does Mr Sinclair have?a Six.b Ten.c Twelve.

4 When he was you ng , Mr Sinclaira worked in the open air.b ate a healthy diet .c took regular exercise.

S Most of Mr Sinclair's brothers and siste rsa resembled their mother.b lived for a long t ime.c had health problem s.

6 Mr Sincl air be lieves it is importanta to avoid problems.b to work hard.c to be optimistic.

7 Mr Sinclair gave up smokinga at the same time as hi s wife.b to please hi s wife .c whe n his wife left him.

Answers on page 181

LANGUAGE TIP

The noun exercise whe n it refers to physical exe rcise is uncounta ble. You sayYou should take more exercise. Mr Sinclair doesn't do any exercise. (NOT5 (ei'cis85)

EXAM TIP

Always read the inst ructions carefully, as this may give you some vitalinformation about the record ing you are going to hear. Then, before youlisten to the recording, read the possible answers. This will help you guesswhat information to expect in the recordi ng.

HEALTH 79

Use of English ... 25 minutes Writing ... 80 minutes


8 Read the extract from a book on British culture, and use oueword onty to fill each gap in the text.

7 Look at the following words. Can you put them in the rightgra m m a r groups? Eac h group con ta ins an example that mighthelp yo u.

prepositi on s modal pronouns articles determinersverbs

We have breakfast at ... and weeat our main meal of the day at ...

Restaurants usually close at .. .

Themain ingredients of ourcooking are: ... and ...

The most popular trad itional dishis ... or ...

If you want a snack, you should goto a ... and ask for ....

My favourite meal consists of ..

Is the situation changing? Well, .

9 Use this framework to writesentences describing eatingan d drinking in yourcoun try. You should alsoadd some ideas of yourown .

Writing an informalletter

linkingwords

---j

however

• will •

mu chth ewemayinto

from • cou ld • him • that • in • an • a lot o f •sho uld have • herself • as • althoug h • bu t • belowits • is going to • SOIll e • nevertheless

Add a few words of your own to each gro up .

The conquest of food in Britain

The ethnic minorities are taking over British food. Andit's a good thing, too, since no one would say theBritish have ever ' _ _ famous for their cooking. Weare actually famous for not being '__ to cook at all.After hundreds of years of trying to create a nationalcuisine '__ could impress the world, the British havenever really got much further •__ breakfast. in fact,other Europeans have always said that in s_ _ to eatwell in Britain one has to eat an English breakfastthree times a day.

But times '__ changing. Nowadays, if you turnt__ for a meal in a British family home, you aremore e_ _ to be given Indian curry or a Chinese stirfry than roast beef with Yorkshire pudding.

Answ.rs on page 182

EXAM TIP

Don't worry if there are some words in the text that you don't understand. Inthis task, the gaps are usually g rammar words (prepositions, modal verbs,pronouns, etc.) - it's not a test of vocabulary.

10 Look at these sentencestaken from informal letters.Fil l in the gaps with thecorrect word from the list.

fash iona ble at mosphe re 'delicious • vegetarianssophist icated

Speaking for myself, myfavourite is 'kefir' . It's aspec ial kind of yogur t. Ithink there's no Englishwo rd for it . But it 'sabso lutely __.

2 Our cuisine may not bethe most _ _ in theworld, bu t I think it tastesthe best . It has a longh istory, too.

3 Restaura nts have a lovely__ in th e even ing, withviolins playing and sadsongs .

4 I th ink th e situa tion for__ ha s im proved inrecent yea rs. But we reallylove our meat!

5 Inevitably, fast food isbecoming __, wh ich iscausing a litt er prob lem, ifnothing else.

80 HEALTH Smart answer key on page 181

11 For an informal letter, which sentence, A orE, in the following pairs would be moresuitable?

I A I was pleased to receive your recent letter.B It was great to hear from you.

2 A I'll t ry and answer yo ur questions .B I sh ould be delighted to respond to you r

enquiries.

3 A I trust yo u are in good health.B I hope you' re we ll.

4 A I look forw ard to hearin g from you in thenear future.

B Please write again soon .

12 Look a t these openings an d closings ofletters . W hich ones are fo rm al, and whichin formal?


Situational role-play ~ 20 m inutes

14 Read the instructions to exercise 16. Look atthe list of recommendations. Match eachrecommendation with a reason 1-5 below.

I becau se if you don't, you' ll get fat .2 becau se you mustn't get cold.3 because if you don 't, you' ll get tir ed .4 because too much o f it makes yo u fat .5 becau se you mustn't spread germs.

1S Look a t these comments m ade b y studentscon sid erin g the recommendations fromexercise 16. What words are missing? Ch oosethe correct word for each ga p fro m the listunderneath.

Dear Sir/Madam/D irectorDea r jessicaYours faith full yAll the bes t

Inform al opening

In fo rmal closing

Dear Ms BowlesLots of loveYours sincerely

Fo rm al opening

Formal closing

I We need to tell people to keep clean _ _that we can stop illnesses sp readi ng.

2 It's im po rta n t to get people to sleep en oughand mainta in __ energy levels.

3 I think regular exe rcise is the _ _importan t po int - kee ping fit .

4 I do n 't really agree . It's more impor tant toprotect yo urse lf __ the cold in win ter.

5 Well, what do you think __ therecommendation to eat less suga r?

their • about • so • most • from

HOW TO STUDY

Which closings go with which openings?


13 Here is part of a letter you receive from anEn glish -speaking fr iend:

... and that's why 1'11I so curious to know aboutYOllr country's food. I mean, what are thenational dishes? What are YOllr OWII personal[avourites? Whell do yOIl eat YOllr main meal ofthe day? Is everything very traditionai, or is it,like ill so lIlallY countries these days, allchanging? ...

Write you r reply to yo ur friend, answeringthe questions. Write no more than 200words.

Answers on page 182

LANGUAGE TIP

It's important to write letters appropriately. Don't send achatty note to a business and don't write to your friendsas if they we re governme nt departm ents! The differenceaffects everything, from the opening to the closing.

Smar t answer key on pag e 182

Two of the most common ways of explaining reasonsare shown in exercise 14: Take your umbrella, becauseyou mustn't get wet. OR Take your umbreilo, because ifyou don't, you'll get wet. Practise explaining reasons inthese two ways until you can do this automatically.

SPEAK ING EXAM .. 10 minutes

16 You and your partner have been asked tochoose the topic for a poster campaign inyour school. The topic you choose will bethe subject of posters displayed aroundyour school to improve health.

Discuss the options on the list below, andchoose the one you think is most suitablefor the poster campaign.

• eat less sugar• always wash your hands• dress sensibly

exercise regularly• get enough sleep

Answers on page 182

HEALTH 81

Picture-based discussion ~ 25 m inutes

17 Read these sen te nces about food and ea ting.Ca n yo u co m plete them by writi ng one wordfro m the list below in each ga p?

Of course, I accept that fast food has th eadvantage __ co nvenience .

2 _ _ truth is, a lot of our traditionalnational dish es aren 't very healthy eithe r.

3 Actua lly, th e most important thing is __have a balanced diet.

4 I don 't thi nk a burger and chips providesyOll __ enough vitami ns.

5 I prefer th e range of flavoursyou get __ traditional dishe s.

in with to of the

18 Ca n you put the words in the correct orderto make senten ce s? Eac h se nte nce co ntains areason why people buy fast foo d .

If yOll have to work late, fast your dinneryou can food a way eat on home.

2 For young peop le, alt ernative is to a cheapfast food a restaurant.

3 Let 's face it, they don 't means it some fastfood people and like coo king don 't do haveto .

4 If you need to provide grou p a meal, withlarge a fast food is an way easy to do it.


19 Look at the two photos of food. Com pa reand con trast the two meals shown.

• Wha t kinds of food are there?• Whi ch is healthier?• Which would you prefer?

Answers on page 182

EXAM TIP

Begin by describing what you can see in the photos.Saysomething about one photo and then compare thatto the other photo. After making a number ofobservations, you can move on to expressing opinions.The prompt questions wi ll usually guide you.

82 HEALTH Smart answe r key on page 182

--~----~-- -

HIGHER LEVEL

Listening ~ 20 minutes Use of English


What part of speech is the word that best fits each gap?

3 Write another word of your own for each gap that would fitsentences 1-8. If you're working with a partner, compare yourlists.

15 minutes

S Read the article in exercise6 on page 84. Now decide ifstatements 1-6 below aretrue (1') or false (F).

I Cold weather is the maincause of colds. _ _

2 In the drier seasons we aremore prone to illnesseslike colds and flu . __

3 Most people suffer fromcolds, especially betweenearly autumn and thespring. _ _

4 Children suffer from coldsand flu less often thanadults . _ _

5 It's best not to have anyphysical contact with theperson who suffers from acold . _ _

6 You can't get ill fromshaking hands withsomeone with a cold .

mountain •running • smoke • dangerousbasketball • money

dairy productsroast chicken

David7 He thought his spots were very _8 He's not allowed to eat any _

4 ~ 18 You're going to listen to a conversation in which threefriends talk about medical problems they have experienced.Before you listen, read through the text below. As you listen,complete the text by writing one word in each gap 1-8.

John1 He hurt his foot when he was on a _2 His doctor told him not to _3 When he's ill, his favourite food is _

Agneta4 She broke her leg when she was _5 Her father had forgotten to organise any for her.6 She missed when she was recovering.

1 Read the instructions for exercise 4 and answer the questions.

I How many people are you going to hear?2 What are they going to talk about?3 What do yo u have to write?

2 Look at the sentences with gaps in exercise 4 and this list ofwords. Which words could fit into each gap in the sentences?Use each word only once.

EXAM TIP

Read the instructions very carefully: do you need to write one or two words?Should you write numbers? Don't expect to guess the correct answerswithout listening. But do try to see what sort of word or words or numberswill fit in each gap.

Smart answer key on page 182 HEALTH 83

USE OF ENGLISH EXAM .. 10 minutes Reading 40 minutes

7 Read these pairs of sentences. Choose fro mthe list of words and phrases below to fill thegaps and create a logical link.

6 Read the magazine article below whichgives yo u advice about the prevention a ndtreatment o f colds. Fill in the gaps with thebest word: a, b, c, or d to form a coherent,logical and grammatical text. as a result of so

althoughbecause of this

Health smart

3 a chance 7 a breakb chances b controlc the oppo rtu n it ies c limitd an oppo rtun ity d lose

4 a fo r 8 a cover

1 a bri ng 5 a ave rageb brus h b d ifferen tc get c o rdinaryd ta ke d same

2 a Co n trary 6 a ideab Opposite b suggestionc Similar c sensed Unlike d advice

G Some di et s help people gain we igh t. __H Wilbur Atwat er introduced a new

measurement for weigh t. __Modern food science started with thed iscovery of Vitamin C. __

E For most people, eat ing a va ried di et ens u resweig h t loss. __

F Dieting is a very modern phenomen on.

D Before the beginning o f mod ern foodscience, nobo dy understood wh y so mepeople gain ed weight while others d id n 't .

1 He seems to be add icted to ice-cream. He'sget t ing very fat.He seems to be add icted to ice-cream ._ _ _ _ , he's gett ing very fat.

2 Somebody rang whil e she was cooking . Shebu rnt the di n ner.Somebody rang wh ile she was cooki ng_ _ __ she burnt the d in ner.

3 I don 't feel hungry now. I o n ly had a littlelunch .____ J on ly had a little lunch , I do n' tfeel hungry now.

4 It's National Diet Week. The town 'srestaurants are losing mo ney.The town's restauran ts are losing money_ _ _ _ National Diet Week .

B Before the di scovery of Vita min C, sailo rsused to suffer more from seasickness. _ _

C William the Co nqueror t ried losin g weightby staying in bed and drin kin g alcohol.

8 Read paragraphs A-I in exercise 9. Then lookat the statements below a nd decide if eachstatement is true or false, according to theinformation in the paragraphs.

A Th e meaning of the wo rd 'diet' has cha nged .

b judgec keepd remember

b onc tod with

The cold and flu season is back again, so it'stime to '__ up on prevention andtreatment. z__ to popular belief, coolerweather doesn't cause co lds. What is morelikely is that we stay indoors more, givingviruses '_ _ to spread fro m pe rson tope rson. In add it io n, the co ld months areassociated '__ low humidity, and the drya ir makes the nasal cavity mor e susceptible tobugs. Consequen tly, cases of co lds and flusurge between the begin n ing of autumn andspring (the s_ _ adult gets two to fourrespiratory infections a year; children evenmore). Because the season is upon us, it is agood ' __ to revise a few co ld and flutactics.

To p reve n t an infection, the best defence is agood offence. The first step is to r _ _

physical co ntact wit h the cold sufferer. Whensomeone with a co ld sneezes, co ughs orsniffles, '__ your dis ta nce. Huggi ng, kiss ingand shaking hands are sure ways to catch acold.

An sw ers on page 183 EXAM TIP

EXAM TIP

If you're not sure if an answer is correct, make sure thatall the other possible answers are wrong. You will thenknow if the wo rd you've chosen is the best.

Two things can help you to decide the correct order ofparagraphs wit hin a text. One is the overall mean ing the logic of the subject. The other is the linkinglanguage - the wo rds and phrases that tell what comesbefore and after something else. In the exam, you needto th ink about both these things .



9 The title of the article below is The history of dieting. Paragraphs 8-H are inthe wrong order. Decide on the corr ect order for the paragraphs, and write theletter next to the number below. The first and last paragraphs are correct .

1 A 4 72583 6 9

e

e

The word "d iet' or iginally meant "things tha t people usually cat', bu t, th ese days, we usethe wo rd to mea n an eating patter n o r programme designed to cha nge some thing.

But it has taken a lon g time to fi nd o ur exactly what these arc. Sea travel led [0 someincrease in understanding . When it became possible to bu ild ships that cou ld go on lon gvoyages, sailo rs started to spend many mo nths at sea. They also starte d getting a stra ngedisease called 'scurvy'. Eventually, it becam e dear that th ey neede d fru it or vegetables tosurvive. Today, we know that Vitamin C is the reason .

But when did it all start? T here's a story that in 1087, William the Conq uero r, King ofEngland, had become so fat that he could no longer ride his horse. H e stayed in bed andd ran k alcohol instead of eating food to try and lose weight .

Although the discovery helped their lives, there was much more that wasn't known.Nobody knew, for example, why some people got fat and others didn' t, or what to doabout it .

e

o

o

Now, it may or may not have wo rked for him, but we can't really recomm end it as anapproach fo r most people . What 's important is the kinds of food you eat, because differen tfoods co ntai n different th ings o ur bodies need .

H owever, despite all these, we usually say 'diet' about losing weig ht. T his is 'cert ainly thearea where th e money gets spent. And it has a long histor y.

We could be talking about anyone o f many di ffe ren t kinds. There are diets fo r avoidingcertain che micals, like salt, and th ere are diets to increase amounts of certa in things, likepo tassium. There are even diets to help people put on weight.

T hen, in the 1890s, a che mist called Wilbur Arwarer began investiga ting how fo odsconsisted o f proteins, fats, and carbo hydra tes. He fo und that he co uld measure the heatvalue of these by bu rn ing them and called a un it of this heatin g a "calorie' .

T his measuremen t he crea ted can be seen as the start of modern foo d science and dietin g.Since th en , knowledge has come quickly - som e people say to o qu ickly!

Answers on page 184


10 Read th is part of a letter written by a school magazine edito r.For each gap, choose the correct answer : a, b, or c.

It sho uld be interesting '__ othe r students to read youropinions. z__ we need to do now is to find out everybody else'sopinions . So let 's start by encourag ing more people to writelett ers, ' _ _ their point of view. We'll keep prin ting opinions aslong •_ _ you keep sending them to us. We're also s_ _ toarrange a kind of vot e about it. Th is will mean that th e schoolauthorities are fully informed of the situation.

20 minutes

EXAM TIP


45 minutes

Because you are responding to aletter you have received, you canuse the letter as a source for you rideas. However, avoid copying th ewords and phrases used in theletter. Find your own ways toexpress your ideas.

Speaking

60 minutesWriting

Writing a letter from the editor(of a student magazine)

1 a with 3 a giving 5 a runningb in b having b goingc for c placin g c makin g

2 a What 4 a sob How b byc Which c as

11 Read the instructions and the studen t's letter in exercise 12.Do yo u ag ree with h er ideas? Why? / Why not?


12 You a re the editor of a school magazine. Read the letterbel ow, w h ich you have received and are going to publish inthe m agazine.

Dwc Dckool Ne.WS,I vJ~1\1- 1-0 cOI\A.pla il\ abolA1- he.al.f1.t and ccr school . There. ttre.se.ve.c,,1 proble.MS. Firs-rl~ , -l-ke. lu,ck Orwk we. 'Je.-r ,,-r sckcor is1-0 0 skor.f-. You C?H\ l\c* e.a.f- a prope..r M e-al il\ 15 1\l.;l\u-re..s

e.spe.ci"lI~ i+ ~ou +irs-r k"ve. -l-c quwe. +oc ~ouc +ood i, -rke.c" , -re.e..! We. Iwc. -rk,,-r " kwl-rk~ die.-r is iMpoC-r",-r, bu-r kow~l\ uJe. e.a.f- ke..al..f-ki[lj ;+ ..Hte.re.'s I\(..ve..r -riMe. +01 i.f-?

5e.co"'I~, we. do,'-r 'Je.-r e.'ouqk -riMe. +or e.<<.rc;se. ",d spor-r," '" -l-kis is, '-r 'Jood +or us , e.i-l-ke.c. The. ,,+.re.c-sckool spor-rsclubs ,,-r ouc schoct MVe. c10se.d dow, be.cause. 0+ I"ck 0+MO'e.~ .

F;l'\£tllljl I ..f-kil\k. Oaf' P.~. Ie.SSor\S should a llow ",ore. -riMe. +or qaMt. S

",d scoots. ",d le.sS -riMe. +or bori,'J e.<e.ccise.s! We. would ,,11 be.

MOCe. i,-re.ce.s-rw i, 'Je.-r-ri,'J +i-r-re.c.Maljbe. ;1- 'S -riMe.. -l-c chal\qe..

1al\d ..f-ke. school should -l-ake. SOMe.

ac·hol\.Yours +"i-rk+ulI~,

-gifa Kll-il\

13 Match the sentencebeginnings 1-6 with theen dings a- f.

You can avo id developingtooth diseases

2 Fluoride in your toothpase3 You should change your

toothbrush4 If you eat or drink a lot of

sweet things5 Tooth decay is6 It's a goo d idea

a every two or th reemonths.

b this might damage yourteeth.

c ofte n caused by sugar.d if you brush your teeth at

least twice da ily.e to visit your dentist

regul arly for check-ups.f ma kes your teeth stro nger.

14 Com plete t he sentenceswith yo ur ow n id ea s.

1 helps you stayhealthy and prevents youfrom getli ng ill.

2 If you feel you're gett ingill , _

3 , you sho uld goto the doc tor im mediat ely.

4 It's important to_ ___ regu larly.

You decide that yo u will publish your letter of response tothis letter next to it in the m aga zine. Include the foll owing:

• than ks for the letter• commen ts on the poi n ts made in th e letter• sugges tions about what should be done• encouragement to othe r students to write lett ers.

Write 200-250 words.


SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minutes Debate 25 minutes

15 Look at the two photos. They show imagesrelated to dental care. One showsprevention, while the other showstreatment. Compare and contrast the twophotos. How are they connected? Whatadvice would you give someone aboutlooking after their teeth?

Answers on page 184

16 Read the following words and phrasesconnected to our modern way of life. Decideif you think each thing is healthy orunhealthy. Then add your own ideas to eachgroup.

gym s fast food cycle pathscommuting to work/school by public transportsurfing the Internet living in citiessoft drinks

/ EXAM TIP

UnhealthyHealthy

Listen carefully to what your speaking partner (or you rexami ner) is saying, so you know what you need toreact to. While you' re listening, collect your ideas. Try tobuild on or respond to what your partner has said.Remember th at you don't have to agree w ith yourpartn er (or your examiner)!

Answers on page 184

Some people believe that our modern lifestyleis very unhealthy. However, we tend to livelonger than lOO years ago .

18 Read the following statement. What doyou think? Prepare arguments to supportyour opinion, then discuss the issue withyour partner, responding to their counterarguments, as well.


The speaking exam will ofte n require you to talk aboutdifferent or co ntrove rsial aspects of a subject. Preparefor this w ith your friends. Have discussions or argumentsin Engl ish.

HOW TO STUDY

17 Read the statement in exercise 3. Why doyou think we tend to liver longer nowadaysthan our grandparents? Read the ideas below.Write down at least five more reasons.

improved healthcare, better medicines,more free time to concentrate on ourselves

'I \

v ,

. ""

I


Reading ~ 40 minutes READING EXAM

1 Read the introductoryparagraph of the interviewin exerc ise 3 . Whichsen tence SUIllS up best whatthe inte rvi ew is about?

a jason ta lks about hi sexperiences as a player forLiverpool Fe.

b jason tells us what it islike to be a supporte r ofLiverpool Fe.

c j ason informs us abo utthe activit ies of theLiverpool FC fan club .

2 Read the interview inexercise 3 qu ickly. Wri tedown what happens orhappened at each of thesetimes in jason's life.

a few weeks after h is fift hbirthday:

2 wh en he was at school:

3 at the age of twelve:

4 every yea r:

5 in 2005:

6 when he wa n ted to go tothe FA Cup Final:

EXAM TIP

Before you start filling in the gaps,read the text quickly to find outwhat it's about. Read the textagain more carefully and identifythe main idea in each paragraph.Then read the m issing questionsand think about what informationthey're looking for. Now all youhave to do is match the topic ofeach paragraphs to the question.Remember, the re is one questionyou won't find an answer for.

88 SPORT

3 Read the following interview with jason Eva ns fro m Liverpool.The reporter's q uestions h ave been removed. Match therepo rte r's questi ons A-G to each paragrap h 1-6 tha t shou ldfo llow them . There is o ne question t hat yo u won 't need to use.

Good times, bad times[ason Evans, 28, has been a fan of Liverpool Football Clubsince he wa s five. He told us about his expe riences.

1

Well, it wasn' t really an automatic choice. There's always a lot oftension betw een us in the family when the two local team s playeach other. My fathe r and my older broth er support Eve rton, but Isupport Liverpool.

2

I rememb er watching Everton play Liverpool with my dad on TVat my uncle's house a few weeks after my fifth birthd ay. They wereboth wearing their Everton team shirts - and were getting moreand more dep ressed as the game we nt on because Liverpool weretwo goals up by half-time. And I just loved the wa y the Redsplayed that day. I remember jumping up and down with joy whenthey scored the first goal. Then my dad told me that I was actuallycheering for ' the wrong tearn ' ... But I swore to myself that one dayI wo uld become a Liverpool player myself.

3

I played in the school team for a few yea rs. I was only the reservegoalkeeper, so I didn't often get a chance to play in the competitivematches. But I've never played for a serious team, no. Then, when Iwas about twe lve , I won a sw imming competition, and I've beenconcentrating more on my swimming ever since.

4

I buy a season ticket every yea r, and I go along to all the homegames . No t just the Premiership matches, but the cup games andfriend lies, too. And whenever I can, I travel when we p lay awayfrom home. I read the team's website regularly, and occasionallycontribute to a fans' newsletter. too. Oh , and I wea r red everySaturday, of course!

5

When we won the Cha mpions ' League in 2005. Tha t was amazing!I watched the game on TV with my mates. Three-nil down at halftime, then we equ alised , and ended up winn ing it all on penalties.I was sitting on the edge of my seat all evening. And I have toadmit, I was in tears when the game ended . I still can' t believe it!

6

I was going to go wit h my friend, Nick to Card iff for the FA CupFina l against West Ham. Our car broke down on the motorway andhad to be towed aw ay for repairs. I didn't manage to get to Cardiff,and there wasn 't even a TV I could watch the game on. Luckily. mygirlfriend taped the game for me, so I could see it wh en I got homein the evening.


.. 25 minutes Listening 25 minutes

A Have you ever playedfoot ball yourselfprofessionally?

B What's your first mem or yof bein g a Liverpoolsupporte r?

C What was your bestexperience of being a fan?

D How do you support yourteam? What do you do ina typical week?

E When did you first go towatch a live game atLiverpool?

F What was your ma inreason for choosingLiverpool FC to support?Do yo u support the sameteam as your fam ily?

G Wha t was your biggestdisappointment?

Answers on page 184


4 Read the instructions and the multiple-choice sta te m ents inex ercise 6. What are yo u go ing to hear about? Give as m uchinform atio n as possible.

The record ing is about _

S Two of the three state men ts a-c in each gro up 1- 3 have thesa me meani ng. Which two?

I a All's and Laila's boxin g techniques are not alike.b Ali doesn't like Laila's boxing.c Laila doesn't box like All.

2 a He had won three cha mpionsh ips by the age of 25.b He won the championsh ip three times before he turned 25.c He won the first three cha mpionsh ips when he was 25.

3 a It took him less time th an anyone expected to win thematch .

b He took longer to win th e mat ch tha n everyo ne expected.c He won th e match earlier than everyo ne expected.


6 of,19 You are going to hear about a famous sportsp erson.First read the statements and the possible options below.Ch oose the best option: a, b, or c, to com plete eac hstatem ent about the recording.

Muhammad Alia first beca me fam ous as a rapper.b o rganised anti-racist demonstrations.c won three Olympic gold medals.d was goo d at composing poems.

2 Ali's first boxin g coac h wasa a po licema n in his ho metown.b the Louisville Club owner.c a te levision reporter.d a forme r thief.

3 All's career as an amateur boxera lasted nearly 18 yea rs.b ended whe n he was 18.c brought him only a few mat ch victories.d didn't bring him po pularity.

4 In the 60s, Alia served in the American army.b spent five years in prison.c lost his champion's title.d refused to fight in cha mpionships.

5 In retirem ent, Muhammad Alia sto pped taking part in public activ it ies.b supported his daughter's boxing career.c wrote for sports magazin es.d was still very popular.

Answers on page 185

SPORT 89

EXAM TIP Writing .. 110 minutes

When you are listening for the first tim e, read the mul tip le-choice statementsand mark the answers. The statements appear in the same order as theinformation about them in the recording. If you don't know the answer to anitem, don 't stop there, continue listening and marking your answers. You'll

have tim e to look at the unsolved items w hen you're listening for the secondtime. If you really don't know the answer after the second listening, mark anyanswer. Don 't leave any item s w ithout an answer.

Use of English ~ 20 minutes

Writing an email.. 35 minutes

9 Rewrit e these sen tences tochange them from active topassi ve.

Almost eve ry boy in myregion plays basket ball.

7 Which of the a lte rnat ives is co rrec t in the following sentences?Choose t he right ve rb .

1 Millions of peop le watch / view th e Olympic Games on TV.2 Athletes from all around the world are go ing to co m pe te /

oppose for the championship.3 The win ne r is th e tea m which won / sco red more goa ls than

their oppo ne n ts.4 I know a good sports cen tre whe re we can do / p lay tennis for

free.5 jayne does / exercises yoga every Thursday eve ning .6 In field hockey, players use a stic k to hit / score th e ball in to

th e goa l.7 Ellen MacArthur has sailed / driven arou nd th e world in her

bo at.8 Golf plays / is pl ayed on a golf course.


8 The following sentences about the modern Olympic Gameshave be en jumbled up. Put the words in each sentence in theco rrect order.

Athen s / held / Olympic Games / The / first / in / modern /were / 1896. / in

2 gold / winner / wins / each / of / a / competition / The / medal.3 winners / played. / their / When / medal, / th eir / the /

nati onal / receive / an the m / is4 also / 1924 . / years / been / Winter Olympics / every / has / a /

four / since / There5 o nly / co mpete / Before / th e / amateurs / could / in /

Olympic Games . / 19886 watched / peopl e / Ove r / th e / television. / Sydney Olympics /

3.5 / billi on / on7 in / thousand / More / t ha n / 2004 / competi tors / to ok /

eleven / part / in / Sum mer Olympics. / the / Syd ney8 t he / Th e / large / it / of / who / take / Olympics. / makes /

number / d ifficult / expensive / pa rt / for / host / to / people /cit ies / o rga nise / and

Answers on page 185

LANGUAGE TIP

English has a very clear sentence structure. The order of the wo rds is differentin statements and questions. In this task, decide if the items are statements or

questions. Check if there are any other clues about w hat type of sentence itmight be (conditional? passive? relative clause?). Find the subject and theverb first. If you can work out the meaning of the sentence from the

individual wo rds, it wilt be easier for you to reconstruct it.

90 SPORT

2 Everyone ad miresOlympic cha mpions.

3 Our co untry won a totalo f ten medals in the lastOlym pic Games.

4 I'm afraid fewer yo ungpeopl e will play spo rt inth e future.

5 Ove r 20 million peoplewatched the leaguechampions hip final.

10 Ca n you find a nd co rrectt he six mistakes in th isemail about sport?

.. '"

illTh ere's nobody inthe world asmad on sport than my sister.She wakes up talking about it,and plays it all second she carofthe day. Ithink she dreamsabout it at night. Her bedroomwalls is covered in posters offamous sportspeople. All herfriends are just same. I'm totaldifferent. I can take it or leaveit. Iwatch a game of footballoccasionally, but only if thereisn't the goodfilm on.



11 You see this announcement in an Internetforum:

•International

surveyCalling sports lovers everywhere!We want to get a picture of sport aroundthe world.Send us a message, telling us about:• what sports are played in your region• which ones are the most popu lar• the differences between older and younger

people's interest in sports.

Write your m essage in 40-50 words.

Answers on pag e 185

EXA M TIP

Make sure you show the examiners how much Englishyou know. For example, look at the first point required:'w hat sports are played in your region ', Now, if you justwrite a list of the names of sports, you' re not go ing tobe showing the examiners very much English. It's bellerto take the opportunity to present you r ideas moreinterestingly: 'Awide variety of sports are played in myregion, from football to ice hockey. We play differentsports at different times of year, so we go skiing inwinter and swimming in the summer.'


12 Read th ese sentences ex pressing opinionsabout sport. Can yo u com plete them bywriting one wo rd in each ga p?

1 I th ink spo rt is goo d _ _ you.2 In my o pin ion, eve ryone should do __

least o ne sport.3 If yo u want to know __ I think, spo rt is

boring.4 I'm just not int erested _ _ spo rt.5 I don't like swea t, dirt __ rain - and spo rt

seems to include all three.6 After a da y in an airles s classroom, I just

can't wait __ play some sport.


13 Match these parts of sentences.

1 If you don 't keep fit,2 Team sports help people to develop a good

attitude3 You need to understand that you can

achieve mo re4 Sport makes people5 Keeping your body healthy6 Doing spor t is a ve ry soc iable and en joyable

A to th e people they work o r study with.B helps your mind to be clearer.C as part of a team th an as an individual.D you' ll end up in hospital.E way to look after yo urself.F behave in a less selfish way.


14 Write a letter (about 200 words) to yourpenfriend. Tell him or her a bout yourpersonal ex perienc es of sp orts. Include thefoll owing information:

which spo rts yo u have played• wha t yo ur at t itude is to sport

how you think sport can help peopl e inth ei r lives.

Answers on page 185

EXAM TIP

If you're not really int erested in the Writing examquestions, don't wo rry ! Look at the three points you arerequired to w rite about: all three are possible to answer,even ifyou hate sport. On the other hand, ifyou lovesport, be a little careful! Don't let your enthusiasm meanthat you write too much and forget to check formistakes!



15 Read the ins t ructions for exercise 17 on page92 carefully. Look at t hese sentences thatsomeone is as ki ng t heir partner. Ca n yOll putthe words into the correct o rder?

Are / more / o r / you / playin g / interested /in / spo rts / watching / ?

2 Wh y / in teresting / do / find / more / you /that / ?

3 Do / curren tly / of / you / kind / or / spor t /play / watch / some / ?

4 What / it / is / about / you / that / like /spor t / that / ?

S How / have / yo u / ti me / for / mu ch / do /a / ava ilable / sport / new / '!

SPORT 91

Answers on page 186

EXAM TIP

justbetter

• indoors or outdoorsso lo o r team effor t .

long very togethersoon

6 I'd like to know how __ she's been interested in her sport.

Talking about photos effectively usually involves using a range of verbtenses. To describe a photo in a clear and simple way, the Present Simpleand Continuous tenses are usually suitable. Then you may want toimagine the past or future in relation to the photos. What happenedbefore the photo was taken? What 's going to happen later?

4 J think she mu st be __ determined to succeed .5 I expect that the ir team sp irit ha s help ed them to perform

1 I think they've __ won a race, probably a relay.2 Maybe she's go ing to be in a co m pet ition __.3 I im agine they've become very good friends by do ing spo rt


20 Look at the two photos. One sho ws somebody practisingfor a sport. The other shows a group celebrating a result.Co m pare and contrast the two pictures. Co nside r thefo llowing:

playing or winni ngpractisin g or watching •

• men and women

19 Read these sentences tha t some st udents sa id about t he twophotos. Choose fro m t he words below to fill t he ga ps .

Answers on page 186

SPEAKING EXAM ~ 10 minute s

17 You have agreed to adviseyour partner about the bestsport for him or her to playor watch.

Find ou t whethe r yo urpa rtner is more in terestedin p layin g or watch ingspo rts .

• Find o ut what spo rts yourpartner already plays orwa tches.Discu ss how much timeyo ur partner has ava ilable.Recommend a spo rt to yourpartner, giving reasons.

.. 20 minutes

16 Match these parts ofsuggestions. For eachbeginning 1-5, two endings,A-D, are possible.

I If I were you, I'd2 Have you co nsidered

?3 Why don't you ?4 I th ink you shou ld5 Have you thou ght about

?6 You might en joy

A take up badmintonB playing tennis or squashC try so me kind of ath let icsD watchi ng sumo wrestl ing

18 Read these sentences thatstuden ts sa id a bout the twophotos. Decide if t hey a recorrect or incorrect. W herethere is a mistake, can yo ucorrect it?


She's dr essin g a bla ck belt, soshe m ust be reall y we ll.

2 All fou r o f the m have abou tthe same age .

3 I wonder if she likes theexe rcise or the fighting more.

4 You can see that they 're rea llypleased of themselves.

5 Perh aps a journ ali st fro m anewspaper is taking the photoo f them.

92 SPORT Smart answer key on page 186


1 Read th e article in exercise3 q uick ly, and decidewhich of the followingsentences best describesw hat it 's about.

1 Over weight child renwatch television moreofte n.

2 Ch ildren watch lesstelevision if they ha ve towork for it.

3 Children like to combinewatching televis ion withphysical exercise.

2 Read senten ces 1-6 inexerc ise 3. Then underlinethose parts of the a rt icleth at each sen tence refers to.

Example:1 The flew invention is II

television set combined witha bicycle.In the text, yo u find :'A television set that willon ly work if ch ild renpedal an exe rcise bicycleto provide th e electr icityhas been invented byresearch ers [...1at a NewYork hospital.'

HOW TO STUDY

We often use 'skimming' (readingquickly without t rying tounderstand every detail) ineveryday life, for example whenwe skim through a newspaperart icle to check if it would be ofany interest to us. We only focuson key words and phrases to get ageneral idea of what the text isabou t. Practise this as often aspossible.


3 Read the article about a new invention carefully and thendecide which of sentences 1-8 are true (T), which are false(F), according to the text.

pE1)1\L p~WE1\ T\'TO UPROOT COUCH POTATO

A television set that will only work if chi ldren pedal an exercise

bicycle to provide the elect rici ty has been invented by

researcher s examining weight problems at a New York hospital.

Experiments involving overwe ight children aged betw een

eight and twe lve showed that those who had to pedal when they

wanted to watch their favourite programmes not only watc hed

far less television, but also recorded impressive loss of fat.

The 'co uch potato TV' was developed by researc hers at St

Luke's Roosevelt Hospital as a result of growi ng concern over

we ight problems among an increasing number of American

children. David Allison, who headed the research, said: 'I am not

naive enough to thin k we' re going to solve the world's we ight

problems w ith TVs hooked to bicycles. But there are other things

we could do that are only limited by our imagination.'

Mr Allison once proposed that people should be charged to

travel in lift s in an effort to encourage them to use the stairs. He

said that 13% of American children we re considered seriously

overweight, and that the number w as growing . During the tests

children who had the 'couch potato TV sets' watc hed on average

one hour of television a week, while children in a second

'control' group watched more than twe nty hours.

1 The new invention is a television set co mbined with abicycle. T / F

2 The aim of the experime nt was to measure how mu chelectr icity we can gen erate through exe rcise. T / F

3 Mr Allison says wat ching te levision limi ts ch ildre n 'simagination . T I F

4 Mr Allison tri ed to discourage peopl e from usin g lifts. T / F5 The inven tion has redu ced the number of ove rweight

childre n in the USA by 13%. T / F6 All the ch ild ren in th e experi me nt watc hed television for

twe n ty hours. T / F

Answers on page 186

EXAM TIP

Start with skimming through the text to get a general idea. Ignore the wo rdsyou don't know. Then find those parts of the text that contain theinformation you need to do the task. Finally, decide whether a sentence istrue or false only after you have read the relevant part of the text carefully. Ifthere is no information that confirms if a sentence is true or not, mark false.

SPORT 93

Listening 45 minutes LISTENING EXAM ~ 10 minutes

4 Answer the questions.

Wh at things do you think are important fordo ing well at a sport?Wh at things do you think are particularlyimportant for cycle racing?

5 Here a re some things students sa id aboutsp ort a nd exerc ise. Match the beginnings ofthe sentences 1-5 with the endings a-e.

I To be good at a sport, you must2 It's important that you have all3 Without follow ing a suitable diet, you4 If you look at success ful spo rts people, you ' ll5 You need to have a good trainer to

a have a high level of phys ical fitn ess.b won't develop your full poten tial.c help you bring out the best of your ability.d see that they're extreme ly ambitious.e the correc t equipme nt.

7 ~ 20 YOu are going to hear a sports trainertalking to a group of cycl ists aboutdifferent aspects of training. Before youlisten, read through the notes below, andthink carefully about the kinds of wordsthat you will need to write in the spaces.

Clrcle tmi...i"'3

ckoiu of b ;~e is tke -Firs t tki"'3I Mvi"'3 tke ri~kt protects lr""2. -..eel! to develop ~ s"'i t~ble _3 ...",st Mve to develop

per-For~...ce4- £e.CA.Y..,." kow to w£.o..e.-» -)tot

t r CA. i-ni1'tC15 i-F 1\0'" do...'t well ,

per~on....e -ace wil£ decrease

b t")r to st~lr ~ t ~ll ti...es

Answ ers on pag e 186

EXAM TIP

Remember, the words used to express the samemeaning in th e task and in the recordin g may be

different. Listen for the ideas, not for the exact words.

40 minutes

8 Ch oose the correct alternati ve to com pleteeach sen ten ce. Consider both the grammarand the meaning of each option.

Using illegal substances to enhance yourperformance is usually harm / harmful foryour body.

2 New measures have been introduced tofacility / facilitate the post-competitiontesting of athletes before they leave thevenue.

3 New laboratory tests that help identify /id entification the substances used qu icklyan d defi nitively are deve loped all the time.

4 Ath letes must understand tha t these tests areimportant / importance for th e fairness ofthe compet it ion, rather tha n a n ecess ary /an unnecessary intrusion in to their lives.

5 Some believe that the fact that the fate of anOlympi c titl e may now only be decided /decisive in the testing lab rather tha n in thestadium ha s had a negative impact on theprestige / prestigious of th e games.

6 People who agree / di sagree with th eintroduction of post-competition testing puten terta inme nt before the health of athletesand before fair play.

Use of English

HOW TO STUDY

To practise you r note-taking skills, yo u can listen to

recordings from your Engl ish books before you do theexercise that goes w ith them . Instead, make your own

notes as you listen and write down what you think themain points are.

6 Look at these sentences giving advice. Whichtwo sentences do you think give the adviceless strongly than the others?

A It's important that you do mor e exercisethan you do at th e moment.

B I thin k you could do more exercise than youdo at th e moment.

C You really mu st do more exercise than youdo at th e moment.

D You sho uld do mor e exercise than you do atthe mom ent.

E You need to do more exercise than you do atthe moment .

F Make sure you do more exercise than you doat the moment.

94 SPORT Smart answer key on page 186

9 How many different words can you form using the promptsfrom exercise 11?

Writing 80 minutes

vcrbs

refuse

offend

qualifydisqualify

suffice

compete

nouns

spectacle

adjectivcs

usefuluseless

necessaryunnecessary

adverbsWriting anargumentative essay

12 Read the statement inexercise 14. Makc somenotes under these hcadings:

De·fj."ifio"" 0-1' spori '

10 Which words from exercise 9 have a negative form as well?Add these to the table. How do you make a negative form?

Examples:useful > uselessnecessary > unn ecessaryqualify > disqualify


11 Read the extract from an article about doping in sport. Filleach gap with a word formed from the prompts givcn inbrackets.

No dope, no hope?

The '__ (USEFUL) by sportsme n of an y forbiddenpharm aceutical subs ta nces o r method s considere d as dopingz__ (NECESSARY) disciplina ry action. Accord ing to theregulatio ns of the sports federations, th e 3__ (REFUSE) to takean anti-dopi ng test sho uld be regard ed as a positive result ofsuch a test. Doping •_ _ (OFFEND), if repeated , may evenbring a lifetime s__ (QUALIFY).

But man y believe th at th e warning is "_ _ (SUFFICE). The lustfor success and the desire to ach ieve bett er result s th an one 's' _ _ (COMPETE) mean s tha t one forgets th e consequences ofbein g found out. It is not only a race for ' _ _ (SPECTACLE)results; it is also a race to find new methods of stay ing one stepahea d of the scien tists working in the anti-do ping laborator ies.

Answen on page 187

EXAM TIP

Read the text first to understand what it's about. Then decide what type ofwo rd is missing from each sentence ( is it a verb, a noun, etc.? is it positive or

negative?). Practise variousways of forming new words.


13 Read the ideas below.Decide which hcadings inexercise 12 thcy bclongunder,

• too com petit ive• helps you conce ntrate on

studying• enc ouragcs team build ing• o rganised physical activ ity

in competition• keeps you fi t• creates conflict• makes people who don't

like it feel excluded• makes peopl e feel proud

If you' re working with apartner, di scuss your ideasabout the notes in exercises12 and 13. Expla in yourreasons.

SPORT 95


14 Write an essay (200-250 words) for oragainst the following sta tem ent:

Physical Educatio n should only be anoptio na l sub ject at school becau se noteveryone's equa lly good at sports .

Answers on page 187

EXAM TIP

The examiners expect to see w hat you know of Englishin the 200 wo rds or so that you write in the Writingexam. Make sure yo u show them what yo u can do!When you practise writing tasks, get into the habit ofchecking that you are using a wid e range of language(grammar and vocabulary).When you finish your first draft, read it through, andcheck for: numb er of adjectives and adverbs used,active /passive structures, different verb tenses,

cond itional structures, mixture of sim ple and complex

sentences, ete. Don't forget to check also that you'veused these correctly.

16 Read what a student has said about the twophotos and her own feelings about sport.Ca n you find and correct the six mistakesshe's made?

To be honestly, I don't really en joy looking atthese images! Isn't sport something thatinterests me much. I mean , of course I can seethat lots of people like it . Some peopl e arecomplete ly obsessed of it - my brother, forexa mple. I think the problem for me is th at Iwas bad at sport whe n I started sch oo l, and thesports teacher made it very clea rly that this wastrue! So we never really had a closeconversation such the one here, because I wasne ver in the team . Sport always makes me feelleft away of th ings, not as goo d as ot her peopl e.

HOW TO STUDY

It's very common to find photos in magazines that are

connected in some way. When you come across them,either immediately say some things to compare andcontrast them, or keep them to practise on later.

15 Read t hese sentences that students said aboutthe two photos. Can you think of words thatmight fit in the spaces? When you haveconsidered your own ideas, choose wordsfro m the list underneath.

1 Altho ugh I admi re people who can competeon th eir own like this, I th ink it wo uld makeme very __.

2 I know from my own experience tha t the re'sno better __ than bein g part of a teamth at 's on its way to victo ry.

3 You see, in this picture, the coach has toencourage the players, bu t each swimme r inthe other picture has to be __ from in side.

4 I've never liked th e idea of tea m games, but Ido think doing exercise in this sort of _ _way is ap pea ling.

5 Sport, as far as I'm conce rne d is basically a__ act ivity, so I'm mu ch more att racted toth is picture.

Speaking


45 minutes

25 minutes

SPEAKING EXAM ... 10 minutes

17 Look at the two photos. One shows a sportsteam talking together. The other showssportspeople competing in an individualsport. Com pare a nd cont ra st th e pictures.Which one relates more closely to you rown id ea of sport?

Answers on page 187

social motivatedindependent

96 SPORT

feelin g nervous


Answers on page 188

For

20 m inutes

EXAM TIP

Extreme sports are da ngerous,but they are becoming moreand more popular wit hteenagers. Extreme sportsshould be banned.

In this task, it's possible that you don 'thave any strong opinions about the

subject you are given. In this case, justchoose whichever side you have betterarguments for. The examiner isinterested in finding out about your

com munication skills, you are nottested on what your views are.


Add som e ideas of your own,as well.

Against

risk adrenaline rushdanger is excitingcha llengi ng your bodysense of ach ievementdoing some thing dif ferentacciden ts fun ·you need reliable equipment

19 Read the followingsta te m ent. What do youthink? Prepare arguments tosupport your opinion.Discuss the issue with yourpartner an d respond to theircoun ter-argumen ts.

18 Read the fo llowing words andideas about extreme sports . Putthem into two groups: for andagainst.

Debate

Smart answe r key on page 187 SPORT 97

Reading

1 Read through the a rticle in exercise 3 q uickly. Ignore the gaps.Try to summarise in a sentence what each paragraph 1-4 isabout.

2 Read the following extract carefu lly, a nd decide whichsentence a-c fits logically in t h e gap.

The United Kingdom is the country with the biggest number ofdaily papers in Europe. Over 60% of all t it les aretabloids.a That's why the tabloids are so popular there.b One in two Britons buys a newspaper every morni ng.c That means an enormous n umber of trees are cut down.

READING EXAM

30 minutes

EXAM TIP

Skimming (reading quicklywithout looking at specificdeta ils)through the text will giveyou agene ral idea of what the text isabout and how it is structured (inothe r words, you will have a goodidea of what the individual partsof the text are about). This willhelp you match the sentences tothe right gaps.

3 Read the article about the British p re ss. Seven extracts h ave b een removed fromthe text. Put an extract from A-H in the correct gap 1- 7 to complete t h e text .There is one ext ract you're not go ing to need.

(1) Newspapers ha ve existed in Britain since1621. But for over 300 years they were writtenand rea d by only a tin y minor ity. ' TheDaily Mail, which is still running today, was themother of the modern tabloid, and thebeg inn ing of a whole new su bculture in theBritish press. Today more than tw ice as man ytab loids are so ld than the so-called 'qua litypress' titles such as The Times or The Guardian.

(2) Origina lly, the word tabloid referred tothe size and format. ' But today, formost people, the word tabl oid has nothing to dowith sha pe and size. What makes a tabloid atab loid is content, and above all, style. Thetab loids follow a spec ial formula: they rep or t thenews, sure, but on ly cer tain kinds. J _

Scandals, murders and disasters all aredescribed in detail, but the details of politicaland economic life jus t don' t appear. Tabloidsdedicate most of their pages to stories aboutcelebrities. ' However, the tab loidsare not simply an ir ritation for celebrities; theyare also a vehicle for self-p romotion, a means ofgaining populari ty.

98 FREE TIME A ND CULTURE

(3) Though they have millions of devotedreaders, tab loids are also widely criticised inBritain . They are accused of being sensationalist,hyp ocritical, in bad taste, an d of having noethical standards in their reporting methods.s Their 'research' methods are totall yuneth ical. They w ill tap people's phones, followthem on holiday, and even break into theirhouses in order to ge t a sto ry. • As aconsequence of th is attitude, many peoplebeli eve th at it was the tabloids, and thepaparazzi, which caused the tragic dea th ofPri ncess Diana.

(4) So why on earth does Britain, w hich hasaccess to the best press agencies and the highestjournalistic standards, consume tabloids likechocolate? r Tabloids are not actua llyabout news at all; tab loids are just about gossip.And we all know that w hen it comes to gossip,wha t matters is not w hat is true or what is kind,but what is en tertaining and what is funny. Themore in bad taste a story is, the funnier it seems.And bad taste is what the British tabloids havem ade in to an art.


.. 20 minutes

4 Can you write one word in each gap tocomplete these questions?

1 Wh at's last film you saw?2 Was it at th e cine ma , was it on TV

or DVD?3 Why did you choose see it?4 Who did you see it ?5 What d id you think was goo d it?6 Was there you didn 't like?7 Wh o was it di rected ?8 Who played main par t?9 Have you seen those acto rs in _

film s?10 Did it a lot of special effects?

A Wh en criticised for their actions, thetabloids sta te that th e public has a right toknow about an ything and everything, butcelebrities have no rights to privacy at all.

B You won't find anything on changes in thestock market, but you can be sure to read ifth e prime minister's wife has a lover.

C Tabloid papers were smaller and handierth an normal newspapers, known asbroadsh eets.

D Maybe the reason is that we have enoughnews on the television, the radio and in th equality newspapers.

E But the conte nt is on ly half the sto ry. Th ereal key to th e tabloid newspaper is the style.

F Whe n, in 1896, a new newspaper wasproduced in large numbers and at such lowprices that ordinary people could buy it oneve ry street corner, it was an instant success.

G And it's enough to take a quick glancethrou gh a tabloid to see that many of th eseaccusa tions are justified.

H Thi s involves phot ographing them inemba rrass ing situations, gossiping aboutth eir privat e lives and generall y makingth em look a bit silly.

7 " 21You will hear three frie nds talkingabout a film they went to see. Before yo ulisten, read through the list of sta temen tsbelow. As you listen, de cide whether eac hsta tem ent is true (T) or fa lse (F).

Anna was looking forward to seeing thefilm . T / F

2 Maria felt hungry during the film. T / F3 David thinks the film was very long. T / F4 Maria says the story was very interesting.

T /F5 Anna thinks the book is more interesting

than the film. T / F6 David is going to buy the film on DVD as

a present for his sister. T / F


Be careful w hen doing listening tasks in the exam. Don't

just match a question to someth ing in the record ingbecause a word is the same. Think carefully about themeaning of the words and sentences you hear.

EXAM TIP


6 Read these pairs of sentences carefully.Decide if they have the same or differentmeanings.

1 A The weat her was bad in the morning, bu tthen it turned out nic e.

B The day began with bad wea ther bu t itgot bet ter.

2 A 1 really want somethi ng to eat.B I'm feeling very hungry.

3 A I th in k my grandfather's sto ries are moreinteresting than hi stor y books.

B I prefer learn ing about histor y fromproper boo ks to listening to mygrandfathe r's sto ries.

4 A I wonde r if my bro ther will go to theconcert.

B I expect my brother will want to go to th econcert.

S Write answers to the questions in exercise 4.Practise saying them a loud . (You couldrecord yourself doing this, and then listen toyourself.)

35 minutesListening

. - Answers on page 188

Smart answe r key on page 188 FREE TIME AND CU LTURE 99

Use of English ... 25 minutes EXAM TIP

Writing an email.. 25 minutes

First fill in the gaps that you arecertain about. M ark each word or

phrase that you have used. Thenfor each remaining gap, try to ruleout the wo rds or phra ses that aredefinitely wrong. This will reducethe number of options to choosefrom.

8 Read the text in exercise 9 and a nsw er the questions. Don't fillin any gaps ye t .

I Wh at typ e of film is City of Angels?2 Wh o are the main acto rs in th e film ? What are the names of

th eir characters?3 What's Seth 's responsibility in Los Angeles?4 What happen s between the two main characte rs?S What choice does Seth face?6 Is there any aspec t of the film that the reviewer is not so

impressed with?7 Wh y does the reviewer cons ider the photography effect ive?8 Who does the reviewer recommend th e film to?

Writing .. 90 minutes


9 Read this film review and fill in the eight gaps with the bestword or phrase from A-I below. Use each word or phraseonly o n ce. There is one word or phrase that you will notneed to use.

Directed by Brad Silberling and photographed by Joh n Seale.City of Angels fa lls into t he category of romant ic fantasy. Thestory is set in LosAngeles and t he two prot agonists are Seth,'__ by the excellent Nico las Cage, and Maggie - thest unning Meg Ryan.

Seth, '__ with all the other black-cloaked ange ls whow atch over the city of Los Angeles, is charged with escorting t hespirits of t he dyi ng to Heaven and helping t he living cope withtheir daily problems. We meet the angeis in the library wheret hey eavesdrop on the t houghts of readers. Seth fa lls in lovewith the sensit ive doctor, Maggie, and must choose between hisimmortality w ithout '__ the pain or t he joy of physicalexiste nce and the option of becoming human .

' __ I particularly li ked about t his f ilm was the excellentperformance of t he actors. '__ the dialogues between t hecharacters might seem simplistic, the emotions seen on theact ors' faces tel l us more than anything they might say. ' __,the photography in the f ilm is very impressive. Each close-upshot seems to be steeped in meani ng and I am positive that'__ scenes will evoke deep emot ions in everysensitive viewer.

I have seen City of Angels several ti mes myself and I canst rongly recomme nd it to anyone who likes watch ing good andengrossing fi lms. '__ is defin itely worth t heir t ime. Theending is totally unexpected and will leave you speechless for along time after the credits have f inished rolling.

A This one F WhatB performed G eitherC What is more H Althou ghD certain I playedE alo ng

Answers on page 189

lOO FREE TIME AND CULTU RE

10 Ca n you find a nd correctthe eigh t mistakes in thiste xt?

There's wonderful sta tue inCity Park, wh ich is on ly fewmin u tes' walk from where Ilive. It 's ab solutely fascin ated.It 's from George Frin, a localscu lptor. It loo k likes HenryMoore ma de it. I don 't knowvery much about it, exce ptthat it were put in the parkwhe n I was sti ll in apushc hair. Thes e da ys, I lovego there with my book, andthen J sitti ng next to it andread and look up at it andsmile.

11 Write in t he co m para t iveand superla t ive forms ofthese words and phrases:

l aid2 impor tan t3 frequ ently visited4 well kn ownS beaut iful6 popular7 arch itecturally sign ifican t8 photographed9 writ ten abo ut


•

HOW TO STUDY

12 You receive this email fro m a penfriend:

WRITING EXAM: EMAIL MESSAGE~ 15 minutes


15 Read the instructions for exercise t6 . Loo k atthese sentences taken from a stude n t's letterabo ut a co ncert they wen t to . Can YQU putthe sen tences in to the correct o rder, so thatthey fo llow the required points in theInstruct ions? Th ree of the sentences a ll relateto the same poin t.

a SQ we all went along to see June Tabor, thelegendary folk singer. b I though t it was grea tth at I could finally see her live, not just hearrecordings. c I'd listened to her so ngs manytimes, because my brother's always playi ngth em. d The on ly problem was that I had a badseat , and couldn 't see very well. e It wasn'treally my choice, but th ey'd bo ug ht ticke ts for aco ncert. f My older brother and tWQ of hisfriends invited me to go out with them oneeveni ng . 9 She's got real ene rgy and passion,and YQU can feel it whe n she performs,

1 _ _ 2 __ 3 _ _ 4 __5 __ 6 __ 7 __

•In our school project, we' re try ing

to find out what the best loved

work of art in the wo rld is. Can you

help us? What's your favourite

work of art? (It could be any

picture, statue, building, ate]. What

do you know about its history?

Why do you like it so much?---

G e l ri'- ------ ...

There are many things that you could have a favouriteone of - think about sports, musicians, places, and soon. You can make a kind of game of it with your friends.One of you says a category, and everyone says theirfavourite, giving reasons.

Writ e your reply to yo ur penfriend inabout 50 words.

An swe rs on pag e 189


13 Put the underlined words in to the co rrectorder to m ake sentences fro m the beginni n gof a letter to a frie nd.

I It from was goo d yo u hear really to .2 I en joy your hearin g news always .3 I'm glad in long managed for stay we've so

to to uch.4 Tha nk yo u much very the enclosed photos

for.5 Sorry busy I been but sooner reply I've so

didn 't .

14 Pu t the underlined words into the correctorder to ma ke sentences fro m th e en d sectionof a letter to a fr iend.

I'd sto p to better get my back andhomework.

2 Please soo n aga in writ e.3 I come and hop e me you can one day visit.4 Please your parents to my regards give.5 Looking in tQ YQU later forward the sum mer

seeing.

16 You recently attended a performance(music, theatre, dance, etc). Write a letterin 120-150 words to tell your penfriendabout it. Include th e following:

who you went with• wha t event yo u went to• why you chose thi s event• what YQU liked about it• what YQU didn't like about it.

An sw ers on pa ge 189

EXAM TIP

The beginnings and endings of many letters are alwaysvery similar. Practise w riting the familiar parts, so thatyou don't waste time thinking too hard about thesesections of the letter in the writing exam. You can find

useful tips for writing an informal letter in the WritingBank on page 132.

Smart answer key on page 189 FREE TIME AND CULTU RE 101

Speaking .... 60 minutes EXAM TIP

Picture-based discussion .. 25 minutes

21 Read this text. A studen t is answering the lastquestion in exercise 22. Ch oose word s fro mthe list to fill the gaps.

There are no 'right' or 'w rong' answers in situationalrole-plays like th is. Take the opportunity to exchangeideas and comment on what each oth er says. Theexami ners want to see how much English you candemonstrate you know.

take •like • depends • go • need • getschange

How I spend my free tim e '__ on a lot ofthings. For one thing, there's the time of yea r.In the summer, I z__ to be out side as mu chas po ssib le. I try to '__ advantage of th ewarm weather, and play games in the park, orgo swimmi ng . I love be ing with my friends,telling each other jokes. The n whe n th ewea ther 4 _ _ worse, in the winter, I have tos__ what I do with my spa re t ime. It becomestoo cold to spe nd very long out side, so you6 _ _ to think of indoor act ivities. One of myfriends lives in a huge hou se, so we all ' _ _round there m ost even ings. We watc h DVDs orlisten to music. And te ll jokes, of course.

20 Look carefull y at these sentences thatstudents sa id about the two photos on page103. Eac h sen ten ce contains a mistake. Ca nyou find and correct the mistakes?

1 I th ink the girl en joys being by her.2 It looks like that she's really interested in her

book.3 She's sitting outside , and she's wea ring the

T-sh irt , so it 's probabl y in th e sum me r.4 Th is is probably a group of friends, or

colleagues pe rhaps, doing a meal together.5 Some body just to ld a joke, I th ink , because

they're lau ghing all.6 I can't see exactly what's on th eir p lates, but

it's probably qu ite tasteful.7 Personally, I find the restaurant photo more

attracting, becau se they're clear ly havingfun .


19 You a nd your partner have been asked toorganise activities for a group of foreignvisitors to yo ur town. Discuss thesepossibilities , and choose which three toorganise fo r the visitors.

• tennis com petit ion• guide d to ur of historic to wn• ga mes in the park

visit to museumspec ial meal in restaurant

• co ncert of traditional musict rip to different bars

Situational role-play ~ 3 5 m inutes

17 Read the instructions for exercise 19carefu lly. Then look at this jumbled d ialogue:two students a re performing the task. Canyou put the di alogue into the correct order?

__ Well, then I'd say the tennis and thegames are n't any good .

__ Yes, that seems a good way to do it .__ We co uld say first the ones we think we

should definitely not choose.__ OK, we need to di scuss these. Where shall

we start?_ _ You mea n because yo u can pla y tennis

anywhere?__ Oh, why's that ?__ And I agree wi th yo u.__ Yes, I do, exactly that.__ They're not spec ial, I mean, they' re not

typical of our town, are they?

18 Here is an other part of the same dialogue.Can yo u pu t these lines into the correctorder, too?

__ Or the lovely rain.__ Do you think they'll find it interesting?__ Well, they wo uldn't be able to en joy fresh

air at the same time, wo uld they?__ Now, the first one wh ich we should

defi n ite ly organ ise is th e guide d tour.__ Don't be pessimistic. Anyway, what else?__ But they could learn about th at in the

museum.__ Yes, because they'll learn abo ut our

hi story.__ That 's a good idea - with local spec ialities ._ _ They'll be hungry afte r all that walking,

so the restaurant.

Answers on page 189

102 FREE TIME A ND CULTURE Smart answe r key on page 189

SPEAKING EXAM " 10 minutes

22 Look at the two photos. They show different ways ofspending free time. Compare and contrast the pictures.

Which picture appeals more to you?What other ways do you have of spending free tim e?


EXAM TIP

When you have to describe a

picture, try to use yourimagination. Guess wh ere the

people are, or why they are thereor what they might be think ingabout. Tell the examiner how youthink someone might be feeling,for example.

Smart answer key on page 190 FREE TIME AND CULTURE 103


1 Match each sentence 1-6 to t hesentence a-f that shouldlogically follow it.

1 Willi am Blake grew up in amiddle-class famil y inLondon.

2 In 177 2 he sta rted working asan appren tice of an engrave rin London.

3 Blake became a studen t at theRoyal Acade my in 1779.

4 Whe n Blake marriedCatherine Boucher in 1782.she could n't read or write.

5 Blake fell seriously ill in thespring of 1825 .

6 Th e Blake Prize for Religiou sArt was esta blished in h ishonou r in Australia .

a Seven years later, at the age oftwe n ty-one, he became aprofessional engraver himself.

b It has been awarded annuallysince 1949 to artists ofoutstanding merit .

c While he was tea ching herthese skills, he also decided totrain her as an engraver.

d Desp ite his worseningphysical condition, heremained occupied with hisart.

e The institution was thenbased at Old Somerset House,near the Strand.

f His father worked as a hosier(a person who makes or sellsstockings), while his motherwas responsible for William'seducatio n.

2 Read sentences a-f again.Underline the parts of eachsentence that refer back toinformation in sentences 1-6.

104 FREE TIME A ND CULTURE

3 Read this extract fro m a literary en cyclopaed ia. Sixclauses have been removed from the text. Co m plete eachgap with a missing clause from A- G. There is one clausethat you do not need to use.

Wi lliam Blake ( 1757-1827) is today rega rde d as on e

of the most original of English writers and artists,

Born in London, he spe nt mo st of his years in the

centre of the capita l, 2__ ; the streets of the

me tropolis became for him windows to in fini te time

and space .

Blakc's visions began early, and throughout his life he

experienced wh at was, fo r him, direct contac t with

spirits o f the lon g-dead , with ang els, God and th e

devil. Whi le mo dern psychiatry would consider Blake

to have been under th e spell of hallucinati ons, 3_ _ •

He was also not shy in describ ing the so urces of his

inspiration to his friends and colleagu es. The eccent ric

reputation he thus gained did litt le to help him to

commercia l success; for most of his life his work was

neglected, ~__.

But while his work was o ften out of step with his

time , 5 _ _ • Trained as an engraver, he pushed

for ward th e boundaries of that art by his own

innovations, and combined it with his poetry to such

an exten t that one cannot be properly understood

without the other. Amo ng th e best known (and easiest

to understand ) of his hand-illustrated books are Songs

of Innocence and Songs of Experience, b __ •

A for hi m the visions were rea l, and directly insp ired andguided his art

B but his visiona ry powers transformed all around hi mC despite all this, his de dicatio n to his art never waveredD and he often lived near to po vertyE wh ich contain some of the sim plest and most beau tiful

lyrics in the English languageF yet during his lifetime he was largely ignored and often

called madG few of the best artists of hi s da y doubted h is technical

ability

Answers on page 190


EXAM TIP Use of English

HOW TO STUDY


6 Wr it e a short text (a bou t 60 words) expanding youranswers in exercise 5. Practise reading it aloud.

1 Th e Elgin Marbles, a la rgecollection of anci ent Greeksculptures, we re brought toBritain fro m Athe ns in 1806by Lord Elgin, _ _ was thenthe Brit ish ambassador there.a wh ichb whoc that

2 The Elgin Marbles in theBriti sh Mu seum are ondi spl ay for all to see, free of

a chargeb moneyc paymen t

3 Lord Elgin __ the Marblesin h is private co llection fo rmany yea rs when he decide dto sell them to th eGovern ment.a keptb has kep tc had kept

4 The Marbles werepe rm anently dam aged in the1930s by Museum sta ff, whodecid ed to clean their su rfaceand scraped away the o riginalcolouring to __ the sta tueswh ite .a changeb tu rnc make

5 The main reason _ _ theGreeks' interest in theMarbles is tha t they fin allywan t their ancien t treasuresback.a forb toc of

25 minutes

9 Choose the correc t alternative:a, b , or c, to co m plete eachsentence below.

40 minutes

out

5

withjust

34

of do ing

12

before

When you listen to anyth ing in English - 1V news programme, ete. make quick notes of the numbers, names, dates, and so on, that youhear. Afterwards, look at your notesand try to reconstruct informationfrom what you heard.

8 ., 22 You a re going to hear five different people talkinga bo u t w hat they d o a t weekends. Before you listen, readthe sta te men ts below. As yo u listen, for each speake r 1-5,decide wh ich o p in io n A- F they express. There is o nestatement that doesn't match any of the speake rs .

4 Use the wo rds below to co m p lete the ga ps in the questi onsa nd respo nses. Use each word o nly o nce .

1 What kinds of th ings do you en joy __ at weeken ds?2 Do you ever __ do nothing at all?3 Do yo u p refer to stay in or go __?4 I expect yo u like spe nd ing time __ your family.5 Do you plan wha t to do a lo ng ti me _ _ the weekend

starts?6 Co uld you give me an exam ple __ your favouri te

acti viti es?

Sentences in a text are connected by cross-references. Find those partsthat refer to some informa tion in another sentence (or other parts of thesame sentence). Then decide if the information should appear before orafter the cross-reference (does the reference assume you already knowthe information? or does it suggest that something will come later in thetext?). This will help you wo rk out where the missing clauses belong .

7 Th in k of so meo ne yo u know well - a frien d or a fam ilym ember. Im agine w h a t answers this person would give tothe questions in exerc ise 4 . Write a sh ort text (abou t 60words) based on this information.

5 Look a t the quest ions in exercise 4. Th in k of yo u r answers.Then write the a nswers down. Ch ec k your writing formistakes.

Listening

A The main thi ng is en joying friends' company.B I like to do as m uch exercise as possibl e.C Film s and concerts are usuall y fun to go to .D I often do more at the weekends during the win te r.E There are lots of sport you can watch on TV.F I usu ally do as litt le as possible.


Smart answer key on page 190 FREE TIME AND CULTURE 105

Answers on page 191

EXAM TIP


Answers on pag e 191

70 minutes

70 minutes

twist • description • setinterruptionprice

Writing a book review

12 Look at these sentences taken from differentbook reviews. Ch oose words from the list tofill the gaps.

I Th e book is __ in the fut ure in animaginary wo rld.

2 One of the mo st interesting things abou tthis book is that it shows how everyo ne ha stheir __ and can be corrupted.

3 [ suppose [ liked it because it 's anold-fash ione d roma nce but with a modern

13 Write a review for a studen t magazineabout a book you have enjoyed reading.Your review should include the fo llowin ginfo rmation about the book:

• the title• a brief outline of what happens• what you think is interesting about it• wha t you think its best aspects are• who you would recommend it to.

Write 200-250 words.

4 Aithough some of the _ _ is rather ted iou s,the dialogu e is very lively.

5 It would be a good book to take on holiday,so that you could en joy it witho ut _ _ .

WRITING EXAM (OPTION 1):A BOOK REVIEW ~ 60 minutes

Writing a literary essay

14 Match the words to the definitions.

I plot 5 cha racter2 pro tago nist 6 dilemma3 conflict 7 conclusion4 reso lution 8 ambiguity

a a decision based on all the in formationcon nected wit h a given situa tio n

b a series of events that form the sto ryc a situatio n whe re there is more tha n one

po ssible meaningd a situ ation where there are oppos ing ideas,

feelings or wishese a situation which creates a problem by

offering more tha n one possible cho icef a person in a storyg the hero or the most importan t person in a

storyh the act of finding a solutio n to a problem or

difficulty

70 minutes

OPTIONS

Always read the whole text again after you have filled inthe gaps, to check that it's correct logically as well asgrammatically.

In thi s unit, you can choose to write a book review or aliterary essay. Read through the two exam tasks, anddecide which one you would like to concentrate on.

Playing with marblesIf you ha ve been to the British Museum inLondon, you will be fam iliar I theElgin Marbl es. The y are ' of theMuseum's key exhibits 3 show inthe Duveen Gallery, a grand extens ion to theMuseum which was specially built to exh ibitthem . The Elgin Marbl es mainly ' _from the Parthenon in Athens. For that____ they are aiso referred ' _

as the Parthenon Marbles. They are acollection of sculptures, considered by manyartists and crit ics to ' the fine stexamples of Ancient Greek art there are. Theywere made between 447 and 432 BC,

_ ___ the Parthenon was rebuilt after ithad ' destroyed by the Persians. Th ecollection 10 of several statues andfragments of statues from the Parthenon.The re are aiso a few pieces that come fromthe othe r tern pies on the Acropolis.

11 Read the extract from a London travelguide and use one word only to fill eachga p to form a logical, coherent andgra m mat ically correct text.

10 Read the sentences in exercise 9 again. Thenread the text in exercise 11 as well, andanswer the fo llowing questions.

1 What are the Elgin Marbl es?2 Wh ere are the Marbles kept?3 Wh ere are they from originally?4 Wh en were they made?5 Who took the Marbles to Brita in?6 Who wo uld like them returne d to their

or igina l place?

Writing

106 FREE TIM E AND CULTURE Smart answe r key on page 191

WRITING EXAM (OPTION 2):A LITERARY ESSAY ~ 60 minutes

1S Think back to a novel that you 've recen tlyread. Write an essay in 200-250 words,discussing the following points.

o Describe the main conflict in the piot.o How do the protagonists t ry to resolve the

key co nflict?o What obs ta cles do th ey h ave to overcome?

How successfu l are they?o Who is the chief protagonist? What is h is /

her main ambit ion?o How is the protagon ist's ambition

connected to the ma in co nflict?

Answers on page 191

EXAM TIP

HOW TO STUDY

Practise describing various graph s, tables, and so on.By yourself, you can take a graph or table and write adescription of the information it con tains. Leave it for afew days. Then read your description. Don't look at theoriginal, but draw the graph or table, according to yourdescription . With a partner, you can describe graphs toeach other and draw the graph you hear described.Then check to see how well the descriptions worked.

SPEAKING EXAM e- 10 minutes

18 Look at the pie chart of how the averageperson spends his or her time, and look atthe bar ch art showing results of a surveyabout popular free-time activities.

16 Look at the tw o graphs in exercise 18 andmake sentences about the information. Useea ch of the following phrases at least once.

m ore th an • higher than • much less than •less than • lower than • not as much as •far greater tha n • about the same as

Writi ng starts with planning. Make notes of the mainpoints you want to include in your review or essay.Decide how mu ch detail you want to add to each mainpoint. Each main point should be explored in a separateparagrap h. Decide on the most effective order of yourparagraphs. Finish the review or essay with your ow nsummary or conclusion. After you have fini shed, checkwhat you have written.

Speaking

Statistics-based discussion

30 minutes

How the average person spends their free time

Going out

Working/studying

Popular activities

17 Look at what some students said about theinformation in the graphs in exercise 18.Match the two parts of the sentences together.

1 It sur prises me that working2 It 's st range , isn't it, that we spen d3 These are averages, so4 I get to school in a few minutes, but my

father5 I would ha ve expected to see6 It's a pity that theatre isn't7 In a way it 's funny to think of

A so much of our lives asleep.B eating food together as a form of

en terta inme nt.C isn't a bigger proportion than this.o mor e popular - I reall y like it .E a hi gh er figur e for going out.F ma ybe nob od y actually ha s this life.G spends an hour travelling to work.


Comment on the information contained inthe charts.

o Do you think you are similar to ordifferent from the average person?

o Do you think people have enough freetime?

o Do you think people spe nd their free timesensibly?

Answers on page 191

FREE TIME AND CULTURE 107

Reading ..... 50 minutes READING EXAM

1 Read t he instructions and th e 4

title of the article in exercise 4,then choose the correc t endingto the sentence below.

The text is proba bly abouta cha nges in th e ways people

spe nd the ir holidays.b different equipment needed

for d ifferen t types of holidays.c types of holiday mo st suitable

for differen t type s of people.

Now read t hrough the textquickly to check if yo ur a nswerwas correct.

2 Find the words or exp ress ionsin the article that match thedefinitions below.

areas of land whe re theanima ls an d plants areprot ected by law(paragraph 1)

2 places wh ere a lot of peoplego on holiday (paragrap h 1)

3 a co mpany wh ich arrangesothe r people's holidays(paragraph 2)

4 peopl e whose job is to showtourists aro und towns,mu seums, etc. (paragraph 2)

5 a holiday in a place wherepeople do not often go(pa ragraph 3)

6 visiting places for pleasureins ide one 's ow n country(pa ragraph 3)

7 a holiday spent sun bathing atth e seaside (paragraph 4)

8 boat trips made for pleasure(pa ragraph 4)

3 Read se ntences A- H in exercise4 ca refully. Un derlin e thoseparts in the arti cle that containinformatio n about them.

108 TRAVEL

Read the article on tourism. Decide which sen ten ces A-Ha re true (1) an d which are fal se (F), accord ing to the text.

J ~J(1) Back in the 1980s and early 1990s, when Africans firstrealised that tourism might be a way out of poverty, they built bigconcrete hotels on the beaches of Kenya. South Africa and othercountries. For some t ime numerous charter flights came fromGermany and Italy. Tourists hoping to see lions in nature reserves- but also expect ing to enjoy the comforts of home - packed intoovercrowded resorts that were trying to look like theMediterranean.

(2) That was then . Fortunately, a new kind of travel is in

fashion now. Today's tourists are leaving the European-style hotelsfor more authentic experiences, like horseback-riding through thebush. Sitting by the fire at night after a typical dinner of meatstew, pumpkin leaves and wild spinach. they listen to the localXhosa people telling folk stories. This experience is not offered bya multinational tour operator but by the Xhosa themselves.through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures. Themoney they earn will provide the Xhosa tour guides with an incometwo and a half times the average local wage.

(3) In many ways, this off-the-beaten-track holiday representsthe futu re of global tourism . Despite difficulties. internat ional anddomestic tourism is expected to grow fast over the next two

decades . While a global recession and the terrorist attacks of9/ 11 pushed down tourist numbers in 2001 for the first t imesince 1982, the impact was less tha n many had expected . Longerterm trends, including a rise in global wealth, improving transp orttechnology, cheaper fl ights and the use of the Internet as a traveltool, will make it possible for more people around the world tot ravel than ever before . Last year there were 693 mil lioninternat ional touri st arrivals. The World Tourism Organisation


EXAM TIP

When doing a true/false task, fi rst familiarise yourselfwith the text. Read the instructions and the title, andskim through the whole text to get a general idea ofwhat it's about. Then focus on the key words that tellyou about the gist of the text. Finally, find those parts ofthe text that include the informat ion you need todecide about the statements.

5 Read the text again and write shortanswers to each question.

1 Why did Africa n co un t ries promot etou rism in the 1990s?

2 What di d th e African tourist reso rts looklike in the 1980s an d 1990s?

3 What are the new trends in tour ismn owadays?

4 Acco rd ing to the arti cle you've just read,wha t difficulties h as globa l tourism h ad toovercome lately?

5 What are the co n dit ions that w illstim ulate the developmen t of to ur ism inthe n ear fu tur e?

6 What two main changes in globa l tourismdoes the article predi ct?

~ 20 minutes + 15 minutes

expects that number to increase to more than 1billion by 2010. Tomorrow's tourists will comefrom new places ; the number of Asian, andparticularly Chinese, tourists is predicted toexplode as that region becomes more integratedinto the global econo my.

(4) Future tourists wi ll a lso want to do differentthi ngs. While sun-and-sea tourism still dominates ,overcrowding and time pressures mean that thesta ndard two-week beach holiday is becoming lesspopular, Rather than spending two weeks on abeach, Americans and Eu ropeans are now tak ingshorte r but more varied trips , causing the rapiddeve lopment of adventure travel, ecotourism,cultural tours , spa holidays , cruises and sportsvacat ions in eve r more distant places: China , the

Maidives, Botswana. Western traveliers who have'been there and done that' choose more exotic,individualised experiences . Local governments and

fi rms are trying hard to satisfy this new demand,which offers them the opportunity to make hugeprofits from tourism.

Listening 25 minutes

A Hotels built in Africa in the 1980s and early1990 s were totally different from Europeanh otels. T / F

B Twe n ty years ago, tourist s from Europe,w h ile o n h oliday in Africa , expected thesa me con ditions they we re used to in theirown countries. T / F

C There are no African agencies providingserv ices to European tourists . T / F

D African tour gu ides earn less than peopledoing other jobs. T / F

E Acco rding to ex pecta t ions, the touristindust ry is facing a serious cr isis in th e nearfuture. T / F

F The number of tourist s from Ch ina isex pected to grow fast . T / F

G Sunbathing at the seas ide is st ill the mostpopular for m of holiday. T / F

H There is little cha nce that new types ofholidays, like adventure travel or culturaltours, wi ll be offered in African coun tries.T / F

An sw er s on page 192


6 Read the instructions a n d the m ultiplech o ic e statements in exercise 8 carefully, andanswer these questions.

1 Who is go ing to be spea king? Do you knowthei r na mes?

2 What a re they go ing to talk ab out?

7 Rea d the following pairs of sen tences. Dothey have the same m eaning (v") or do theyh ave different m eanings (X)?

1 Th ere were no vacan cies.They we re full y booked. D

2 We found a hotel in n o time at all.It didn't take us lon g to find a hotel. D

3 The room was fairly big.The room was as big as a shoebox. D

4 We co uld n't wa it to go .We d idn 't wa n t to go. D

5 I liked everyth ing about the hotel.I liked eve ryth ing but the h otel. D

6 I can't stand the weather.I can't co mplain about the weather. D

7 The t rip was n 't long enoug h.The tri p was too short. D

TRAVEL 109

Answers o n p iilge 192


10 Read the follo wing dialogue. Fill in thegaps wit h the correct fo rm of the promptsin brackets.

9 Read the dialogue in exercise 10 below, thenanswer the following questions. Don 't fill inthe gaps yet.

1 Who's talking? Where do yo u think theconversation takes place?

2 What's th e gues t 's complaint?3 What's the di sadvantage of the new room

the reception ist is offer ing?4 What's th e advantage of the new room ?5 Wha t form of extra compensation does the

receptionist offer?

20 minutes

Guest I'm not going to stay in th at room any, (long). It's z _(noisy) than a train station. Last night1couldn 't sleep at all! It was3 (bad) night of my life.Could you find me somew here, (quiet)?

Reception ist Well, it's 5 (difficult)th an it seems. We have " _(practica l) no vacan cies. The onlyroom I could offer is on the top floor.It's much ' (small), so itwon't be 8 (comfortable) asthe one you're in at th e moment.

Guest Anyth ing is 9 (good) th anwhat I went thro ugh last night! And Iassume th e price will be 10 _

(significant) lower .. .Receptionist 11 (certain). Our top -

floor roo ms are cheaper. Also, I'd beglad to offer you a complimentarymeal in our restaur an t to nig ht.

Use of English

Answers on pag4! 192

8 os. 23 Read the sentences below. You a regoing to hear two women talking about aholiday in France. Read the sentences, andchoose the best option: a, b, or c, tocomplete the statements about therecording.

1 Paula's friend says thata she h as been ill.b Paula doesn't look very well.c she's pl eased to see Paula.

2 Before the trip, Paul aa was en th us iastic about it.b wa n ted to go to the Lake District.c didn 't tell anybody sh e was going.

3 Before Mark and Paula went to Par is,a Mark's boss didn't want him to go.b Paula arranged for so mebody to look

after the hamster.c Paula's sister prom ised to look afte r the

ch ildren.

4 The journey across the Ch an nela was very smooth .b was unpleasant for Paula .c lasted eight h ou rs.

5 The o n ly thing Pau la liked about Paris wasa the weather.b the accom moda t ion .c the sh ops .

6 The return trip from Paris wasa di sturbed by a flood.b an en joyable experience .c earlier than plan ned .

Remember that mult iple-choice tasks may co ntainopt ions that are very similar to phrases used in th erecording, but their meaning is different. Try to get ageneral sense of the text, rather than understand singlewords.

EXAM TIP


EXAM TIP

First read through the dialogue quickly to understandwho's talking, and what they're talking about. Thendecide what part of speech the missing word is. Whenyou've completed the text, read the whole dialogueagain to check it sounds natural.

110 TRAVEL Smart answer key on page 192


11 What do you think are the advantages anddisadvantages of cars? Write down a list offive advantages, and five disadvantages.

12 Read the statem ent in exercise 15 carefully.What do you think? Do you agree or disagreew ith the st atement? Start planning. You canuse id eas from exercise 11. Arran ge yournotes under these headings, and add morepoints if you need to.

In t rodu ction to essay:

Writing 90 minutes 14 Read this part of the conclusion froma student's essay. For each gap, choose a, an,the or - (no article) to complete the text.

For these rea sons, I believe that '__ problemis extremely complicated . This means thatz__ solution can not be '__ sim ple one. Ithink that '__ heart of '__ problem is not' __ question of logic. Logically, eve ryoneshould stop using r__ cars. However, our lovefor s_ _ car is not logical. We like com fort,personal spa ce, and so on . If yo u want me toleave my car, you need to offer me s__luxury minibus - not m_ _ di rty, crow dednormal bu s.

Argu me n ts that yo u agree with: WRITING EXAM ~ 60 minutes

Argume n ts that you disagree with:

Your counter-argumen ts to the arguments thatyo u di sagree with:

15 Write an essay of about 200 words for oragainst the following statement:

People should be encour aged to get out oftheir cars and find other way s to travel, likepublic transport or cycling and walking.

Answers on page 193

Sum mary and co nclus ion : EXAM TIP

In a for/against essay, you can write about argumentson both sides of the que stion, but you must come to aclear conclusion.

16 Look at these questions. Fou r of themco n ta in a mistake and one question iscorrect. Can you find and correct themistakes?

17 If you're working alone, answer thequestions from exercise 16. If yo u 're workingwith a partner, ask each other a bo u t aholiday you've had.

7S minutes

40 minutes

1 What's last holiday you had ?2 Had you been to there before?3 What did you do wh ile yo u we re away?4 What pr eparations did yo u make before

leave?5 Where are you go ing for next your holi day?

Speaking


2 A People spe nd large sums of money oncars.

B Many peo ple want to have status andpr ivacy.People in orde r to

3 A Many peop le don't believe how bad theenv iro n men tal situa tio n is.

B Green activists don't understand it .Green act ivists tha t

4 A Peop le often prefer to use the ir cars.B Public transport is slow and

uncomfortable., with the result that

cars.

5 A The transport situa t ion will get wo rse.B Th e govern ment could take action.

Un less worse.

13 Loo k at these pairs of sentences. Use theprompts to rewrite them as one sentence.

1 A Many people prefer to drive to work.B People ofte n spend a long time sit ting in

t raffic jams.Many people r despite the factthat _

Smart answ er key on page 193 TRAVEL 111


Holidays from A to Z

18 Look ca refu lly at the instruction to exerci se 19 . Thenmatch the sentence beginnings 1-6 to the endings a- f tomake co m ple te suggesti on s.

19 You and yo u r friend(s) have won a competition and theprize is a holiday of your cho ice. Discuss the followingissues a n d choose a holiday from the options below:

• which would be the best type of holiday to go o n• what you would like to do while you ' re there• how long you would like to go for• what preparations yo u need to make for the trip.

20 Read these sentences. Look atthe three photos on page 113,and decide if each sen tence isright or wrong.

I The two cyclists are ridi ngaway from the ca me ra. 0

2 The ma n 's concen trat ing onhi s bu sin ess magazine. 0

3 The sur face is wet from therecent rain. 0

4 The train's passing what lookslike a harbour. 0

5 One of the riders is look ingover h is shoulde r. 0

6 The passenger doesn 't seemvery in terested in the view. 0

7 The re a re a lot o f carstravelli ng in both d irec t ions .

8 Both people are cycl ing o nthe cycle path.

Now decide which sta tem en t isabout which picture A- C.

Picture-based discussion35 minutes

A the Croatian coast is very nice.B the mountains.C lyin g around being lazy.o investigating accom moda tion.E make the travel arrangeme n ts.F do so me hill-walkin g.

I I'd like to go to2 I've heard that3 I think I'd en joy just4 I'd prefer to5 I'd say the most

im porta nt th ing is6 I'm happy to agree to

ACTION ADVENTURE

Cross the Sahara on a came l. Fly in a balloon safari.Sleep under th e stars. Live your lite to the full!

BEAUTIFUL BEACHES

\ Vhite sand and palm trees as tar as the eye can sec .Brigh t sun and warm water. Exchange your stress forpeace!

COUNTRYSIDE CAMPING

Put down the picture postcards of the pre ttyco untryside and pack your bags because we' re goingthere . Bc parr of nature!

DATE WITH HISTORY

21 Look a t the list of ideas below,and put them in the rightgro u p in the table .

spee d • economica l •ge tt ing exercisetim e to catch up on the news •relaxingopportu n ity to meet othe rpeopledoesn 't depend on the weather >

need a change of clo thes whenyou get to work/schoo l •enviro n men tally friendly

Bored with TV? Come on our great tour o fmonumen ts and mu seums and historical town centres.Feed your brain and your eyes!

EXCITING SPORTS

Fed up with sitt ing around? Want to get fit and havefun? Water spo rts, mo un tain-climbing, indoor skiing,and more: everything 's possib le at our special centre!

An~wers on page 193

EXAM TIP

Remember that this part of the exam is like acting in a play. Theimportant th ing is to say your ' lines' well. This means you need to involvethe 'audience'. Speak with enthusiasm and interest. Speak clearly - don'tmumble. Make eye contact.

112 TRAVEL Smart answ er key on page 193

Public transport

Cycling/Walking

Advantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

Disadvantages

Add some ideas of your own, as well.

22 Now think about the advantages anddisadvantages of using a car to get to work/school. Write down some ideas.

HOW TO STUDY

You may be asked about any to pic in the speakingexam. Whatever topic you are given, there are always

• adva ntages and disadva ntages to think about anddiscuss. Practise with a friend: if he or she says onething, think of an arg ument aga inst it . Don't worryabout your own real opinions, just practise saying theop posite view.

SPEAKING EXAM 10 minutes

23 Look at the three photos. They showdifferent ways of going to and from workor school. Co m pare and contrast thepictures .

Which way of travelling would you prefer?• What are the ad vantages and

disad vantages of the other ways thatpeople use to tra vel?

Answers on page 193

Smart answer key on page 193 TRAVE L 113


1 T he fo llowing tw elvephrases a re take n from thearticle in exercise 2 . Eacho n e o f the phrases 1-6refers to the sa me thing inthe a rti cle as o ne of thephrases A-F. Find t hetwel ve phrases in thea rticle, then match thepairs of phrases belowwhich refer to the sameth ings.

I Mediterranean beach2 my fina l destina t ion3 my home4 wild life5 heat6 like a tramp

A mid-thirtiesB the south of ItalyC in need o f a showerD sma ll lightweight tentE snakes, lizards, deer, wild

bo ar and wo lvesF northernmost tip of

Norway

EXAM TIP

Reading texts usually contain a lotof cross-references. Focus on thekey words and try to work outwhen they refer back or forwardto other parts of the text. This willhelp you find the correct answersin the task, where the informationis given in different paragraphs.

114 TRAVEL

2 Read the article about someone who walked across Europe.Choose the hest option: a , b, c, or d , to com ple te thesta temen ts about the text.

ACROSS EUROPEOn 1 May 1997, 27-year-old Londoner AndrewTerrill began a 7,000-mile walk from the southof Italy to the northernmost tip of Norway. Theaim of his walk was to raise £100,000 forhomeless people in England's capital. Here hereports on his experiences at the start of hisadventures.

'WHEN I stood on a de ser ted beach at the southern tip of Italyon 1 May, I didn't know quite what to expec t. Perha ps that wasjust as well. If I had known, I might never have left thatp leasan t Mediterranean beach . As I walked north into thefoothills of the Ape nnines, it seemed impossible that I wouldever reach my final destination , Nor th Cape at the top ofNorway. I was both excited and nervous. My 35-kilo rucksackcontained food for up to seven days. It a lso held my home - asma ll ligh tweight tent - and everythin g else I needed forwild erness travel.

The Apenn ines we re certainly a cha llenge. The moun tainswere covered in dense forest, and there we re few footpa ths.The maps we re wonderfully imagina tive. Valleys, moun tainsand lakes we re mar ked, but d idn' t exist. Those that did existoften weren 't marked . As a result, I was frequen tly lost - oncefor two and a half days. It wasn' t a very promising sta rt. Thewild life kep t me on my toes. There were many evil-lookingsnakes, a million lizard s, deer and wild boar. Wolves were saidto be hidden away in the deepest forests.

Walking in the southern Apennines was very tough. It wasalso fascinating, with ramshackle mountain villages along theway. The locals were friendly and helpful. It was great to be outin the hills wi th the freed om to travel and live life at my ownslow pace.

It was also very hard, though. In May and June, thetemperatures reached the mid-thirties, and there was littlewa ter. I finished each day ba thed in sweat. I was footsore andexhaus ted . I rarely had a cha nce to recover. Mosq uitoes andbarking dogs kept me awake at night, as d id the heat. I felt likea tramp, and I looked like one, too.

Sometimes, in great need of a shower and a chance to relax,I tried hotels. On many frus trating occasions, empty-lookinghotels suddenly became full when I arrived . At limes, in thesouthern Apennines, I wasn' t at all happ y.'


~ 20 minutes Listening 30 minutes

1 Andrew Terrill started hisexpeditiona with eno ugh food for

the who le trip.b in Londo n, the capi ta l

of England .c on a Mediterranean

beach.d well aware of what lay

ahead.

2 While walking th roughth e mountain s, Andrewa remained alert to wild

anima ls.b had reliable maps.c came across wolves.d followed established

footpaths.

3 Walkin g in th e southe rnApennines was hardbecausea Andrew couldn't keep

up a fast enough pace.b the people in the

villages wereunfri endly.

c it was hot and Andrewcouldn' t have a shower.

d And rew got seriou slyill.

4 The thing Andrew did notco mp lain about wasa th e lack of sleep.b high temperatures.c th e standa rd of hotels.d ach ing feet.

Answ ers on page 193


3 Expressions 1-5 appear in the recording in exercise S. Matcheach of them to the expression in a-e with the same meaning.

1 on board a be sucked out2 blow out b burst3 be drawn out c hold tightly4 black out d on the plane5 cling to e lose consciousness

4 Match each word or phrase 1-5 to one of the expressions a--€that has a n opposite meaning.

1 land a blan k it out2 strap (into) b remain conscious3 lose control c take contro l4 black out d take off5 th in k about e undo

HOW TO STUDY

An effective way of practising listening comprehension is to record a shortEnglish text and then try to write down the complete text.


S ~ 24 You are going to hear an account of an accident. Readthe sentences below. Listen to the recording twice andcomplete the missing information with no more than threewords.

1 When the accident happened, most of th e passenge rs onboard were _

2 When th e window blew out, Capta in Lancaster was nearly_ _ _ _ _ of the plane.

3 During th e twenty minutes before the landing, the Captain

4 In hospital Captain Lancaster th ough t he might not be______ again .

5 The results of the investigat ion in to the cause of the accidenthave not _

Answers o n page 194

EXAM TIPS

The same information may be given in different words in the recordin g andin the task. Pay attention to phrases that have the same or the oppositemeaning.If there is a word limit, check that you haven't written more, otherwise you' lllose points . (Cont ractions like wasn't, don't, you've and it 's count as singlewords .)

TRAVEL 115

Use of English 20 minutes Writing 90 minutes


EXAM TIP


depressed key problemsraise decrease used

method beginn ing

cur rentlytime aheadface facts

8 Look at the list of fiv e questions in exerci se11. Try to think o f as many id eas as possible,and whether you agree with them o r not.Make notes of yo u r id eas.

9 Read these sentences. They relate to the fivequestions in ex ercise 11. Match eachsentence to its question.

In years to come, mo re people will work athome and so reduce the need for travel.

2 The main issues co nfron ting us at prese ntare traffic co ngestion and pollut ion.

3 I don't want to sound too pessimistic, but Idon't believe they're go ing to be put intoeffect.

4 To be rea listic, the origin of the wholesituation is economic growth: jobs to t ravelto and money to buy cars.

5 O ne way of solving it wo uld be to increasetaxes on cars .

11 You have received the following note fromthe editor of Teen Voice, the studentmagazine you sometimes write a rticles for.Write your article in 200-250 words.

In next month's edi tion, we're going to focu so n transport. I hope you'll be able to write anarticle about the t ransport situation in ourtown for us.

• What are the ma in problems we're facingtoday?

• Wha t are the causes?• What are the possible so lutions?• How likely do you th ink it is that these

solutions will be applied?• What predi ct ions wo uld you make for the

future?

10 Look at this list of words and phrases. Eachone is similar in meaning to a word orphrase in a sentence in exercise 9. Can youmatch them together?


7 Read the story a student has written abouthis disastrous holiday. Fill in the gaps withthe words or phrases from A-I. Use eachword or phrase only once. There is oneword or phrase that you won 't need to use.

Read the story in ex ercise 2 quickly, Find andunderline the phrasal verbs which m ean thesa me as words 1-6 above.

You may find it easier to remember the meaning ofphrasal verbs if you record them in your vocabularynotebook together with their most com mon synonyms.

I t k.ppe"ed two lle. ,s .",0. I w.s ",eHi"", ,..dll to30 to f~Y"is to kP.ve. . tk~ til'\..t- of '""11 fife. wv..e 1'\ ( o-xt.

Mll be.fore ~ll t ' .'''Jo,,, ,,ell I ~s ~"oc~ed --bll . bss • .,,0 b,o~e ~ll.'~ ' I tk01<",kt " otki"",wCYse. CO'Uld kP.ppe'K to l't£. J so :I- dec.. i&d t o ero·"ll~ll '

I "",_ ",ed to t.l~ ~ll .f.tu., i" to ",ivi"", ~ •r ide to tk.e st"t io'MJ .-M. ic.k w£l.S ..fIve j(ll~tns fr o......ottI' ktnAse. . We. p~"11.'lttd to se.t 1 ve.1' e."d~ toCAte£,. tke 1- ".l'I\. . tyC\i-x. The. CAr .....c14.ld"11. 't stD.dbecevse ~JI .f. tu, kad leH tu /M.edlillkt s$ fAt l 1'\i:t~d ,,')\6 t(..o...e oo.tte.r;r W "'14"'" dow'11 .Wu" we .fi_llllleH it ~s .l,..dll ' .3 0. "Ill.f" t k.er is " "e.1) slow dr iver so :t t\sJ(e.d k n... to s~ed" """0 wt-.,e-)1. we wer-e doi't\(} [2.0 )(1"-//11. o: polIce

"", c."",kt ' «s. We p"lIed "p bll tu side o.f

tke 1'"0"0 o:.....d (}ot " ear . 1k.e polic.el1'.G\-)1. cr'£\nd"t 1AS L\-xd ~-xde d o-ut L\ 'mt~y keL\l1 .fi-xe to I1l.lrfL\t~y f oy speea.i -tt(t. .r; ~s ve1) -xerlO1AS - it wL\S

t.4-S L\-ttO we weYe -ttov.Y.eYe -tteL\Y tv..e st L\tio--tt lret . i o

~J(e t ki-x(ts wCJYse / t v..e c.&\Y st L\yt ea. t ojuJ( Ml,a. itSOO--tt t 1AY-xea. • we Md Y1,(--tt ~ pe trol . We

kl>d to stop . t tu petrol st. tio" to .fill "p t ut.,,~ . We .fi_llll (j'"t to t u milw.ll st.fio" .tt kYU l1l. i-x'to(tes t o St.ve-x.

I ~ i ssed ~ll .f. tu, ",oodt:lle,j,,~d cm tutYL\i--tt L\-ttO bYeL\tv..ed L\ si(tk of Yel le f . B'to( t L\S SOO--tt L\S

we Yet\~a. tv..e --ttext st L\ tio-x} ::r: YeL\l isea. tkL\ t ::r: Md(tot 0'11 tv..e wYo-x(t hL\i--tt: ::r: wL\S trMelli-x(t to

::r:st L\ --ttht.41) -xot PL\y is!------_.......

HOW TO STUDY


6 Read the words below. Each word has thesam e meaning as a phrasal ve rb (a verb withtwo or more parts, e.g. give lip , put aside).

1 persuade 3 stop 5 refi ll2 discharge 4 give 6 board

A offB upC up with

D do wnE outF out of

G inH out of theI on

Answers on page 194

A magazine article is a great op portunity to show whatyou can do in English. When you practise writingarticles, check that you have used a wide range of verbtenses, sentence structu res, and a numbe r of idioms.

116 TRAVEL Sma rt answer key on page 194

Speaking 60 minutes EXAM TIP

12 Look at the information in the two ch arts inexercise 14. Read the following sentencesthat descr ibe this information . Rewrite thesen tences in the passiv e.

1 People book most holidays at travel agents'offices.

2 People use the In ternet to book a largenumber of ho liday s.

3 People wit h de ma nding jobs take a lot ofshort-break holidays.

.. People often take th eir honeymoon abroad .

1S Fill in the gaps in the following sentencesabout mass tourism with words fro m the listbelow. There are two gaps in eac h sentence.Use each word on ly once. If necessary, use adi ctionary.

Remember charts are similar to photos. They bothcontain inform ation. Some of the information is obviou sand factual. You can also begin to speculate about whatyou see in both cases. You can ask yourself questions:What is that? Why is that? You can suggest things:Perhaps this means.. ., and so on .

Statistics-based discussion 30 minutes

Speaking: Debate 30 minute s


cha racter incomeeco no mic local

wealthyhigh-risedr ive up

awarenesspop ularitydominance

1 Tour ism provid es an importan t source of__ where there is no othe r __opportun ity.

2 __ Western tourists __ prices in localshops in poo rer countr ies.

3 The _ _ of globa l hotel and restau rantchains in resort s contributes to the loss oflocal __.

4 Visitors raise global __ abo ut __cultures in faraway countries.

5 The __ of some Mediterranean beachresorts led to the constru ction of _ _hotels in previou sly quiet fishing Villages.

In the debate task, always try to think of both sides(positive and negative) of an issue so you' re betterprepared to respond to your partner's possible counterarguments.


EXAM TIP

Answ@rson page 195

17 Read the following question. Prepareargum ents to support your opinion. Discussthe issue with a partner, responding to anycounter-arguments they have.

Is mass tourism a th reat o r a blessing for localcom m u n it ies?

16 Look at the sentences in exercise 15 again.Which sen ten ces talk about the advantages,a nd which about the di sadvantages of masstourism?

SOURCES OF HOUDAT BOOKINGS

Internet Direct response Personal10 advert recommendation

Visillo travel Telephoneagenl's crnce

14 The two cha rts show information aboutholiday bookings. Th e first one shows howpeople book their holidays, and the othersh ows the kinds of holiday they book. Talkabout the information presented in thecha rts. Do yo u think the situation willcha nge in the future? How?

13 Here are so me sentences fro m studentstalking about the two graphs. Ca n youmatch t he two parts of ea ch sentencetogether ?

1 I suppose th e traditional way is2 It's not surprising that th e Internet is so high3 The honeymoon figure mu st be lower4 I imagine it's more likely to be younger people5 I guess th at in the future we'll see6 I think I'd still feel safer booking it

A whe n you think how many websites aretra vel ones.

B because you only go on one of those!C by going in to an office myself.o the Int ernet increasin g further.E to go in to the travel agent's office.F using websites to book th eir trips.

Short Family Independent Group Honeymoonsbreaks holidays travel bookings

Answer s on page 195

Smart answe r key on page 195 TRAVEL 117

12 Science and technology----


1 Before yo u rea d the articlein exercise 3, lo o k atsentence begi n n in gs 1- 6after the text. Try tocomplete each sta tem en twith your own ideas. (You rideas don't have to bebased on the article.)

2 Read the t ext quickly andfi nd the words or phrasestha t match the definitionsbelow.

a give up some of yourdemands or ex pectat ionsto m eet the wishes ofothers

b the t ime w he n th e roadsare full of tr affic becauseof people travelling to orfro m wor k

c slowly begin to coverm or e and more space

d places u sed fo r a particularpurpose or acti vity

e togeth er; close lyco n necte d

f form a border around anarea or border on to anarea

EXAM TIP

Read the incomplete statementsand think about what info rmat ionthey co ntain or refer to . Then findthe part of the text which talksabout the same thing. Don'tforget, the actual words used inthe statements and in the textmay be quite different, while theirmeaning is similar. The statementsin this task type follow the sameorde r as the ideas in the text.

118 SCIENCE AN D TECHNOLOGY

3 Read this newspaper article about our ch a n gin g world. Matchthe sentence beginnings 1-6 with the endings a-g so theyexpress the m ain ideas in the text. Write the numbers beforethe endings. There is one ending you won 't need.

The Rise Of The MachinesThe changing face of our motorised world

A Cars have given us freedom. We can go w herever we want togo, whenever we wa nt to go. They have also given usindependence. We do nit have to compromise or conside rwhe re other people w ish to trave l. Cars provide us w ith apersonali sed, door-to-door transp ort solution that's alwaysavailable. But they also change the world we live in.

B If you had to consider the impact of cars on your town,firs t of all you would probably think of traffic jams and thedifficulty of getting about in a car in the rush ho ur. Or maybeyou wou ld think of pollution, and how the toxic fum es erodethe facades of build ings alon g busy tho rou ghfares. But thereis a much bigger change we almost never think about. Carscha nge the face of the towns themselves.

C As peopl e buy more and more cars, roads keep gettingw ide ned to accommodate the increasing volume of traffic.They encroach upon formerly green spaces: law ns,flow erb eds, or trees that used to line the roads. They expa nduntil the pavements becom e a thin str ip along the foot of thebuildings, further na rrowed by the parked cars th at invadethe last remaining inches of ped estria n space.

D We all enjoy the facilities that shopp ing malls, multiplexcinemas and enormo us entertainment complexes bring because we can use our cars to ge t to them. They are efficient,conven ient, and fast. At the same time, we are saddened bythe loss of our local groceries, our beautiful Ar t Deco p icturehouses and the friendly ne ighbourhood community centres .What we must also rea lise is tha t these cha nges go hand in

hand, and we are to blame.E Preferring ou r freed om to sha ring transport w ith oth ers,

we get into our cars to ge t to our workplaces. to do ourshopping, to go out to the thea tre, and ma ny would evendrive to go for a wa lk in the fields. And w herever we driveto, we have to park, too . Parking spaces are huge areas ofland use d up by empty cars waiting for ho urs on end for theirpassen gers to return. What used to be a vast grassy meadownow becomes a small muddy field (criss -crossed by the tyretracks of vehicles that use the field to take a shortcut ou t ofthe parking lot) frin ged by a squa re of concrete and tar. Andwhat cars have changed will never be like it used to be, eve r

again.


... 25 minutes Listening 25 minutes

1 Amo ng the effects ofusing cars, we usually

2 The reason we findshopping andente rta inmen t centresconven ient is th at wecan

3 Olde r shops and servicesin towns

4 Cars have enabled us to5 Even ou tside the cities,

green spaces arebeg in ning to

6 Streets in our towns

_ a drive to them. D_ b cha nge to provide

more room for mot orveh icles . D

_ c close down becau seth e new facilities taketheir place. D

_ d trav el freely andindependently ofothe rs wh ere we like.D

_ e realise that the effectsof increasing carow ne rship areirreversible. D

_ f regard traffi cconges tion andpollution as the mostimportant. D

_ g be replaced by parkinglots for cars . D

4 Now match the sentencesabove to the paragraph(A-E) in the text whichcontains informationabout them. Write theletter of the paragraph inthe box after eachsentence.

Answers on page 195


5 Answer the following questions about you rself. Give as muchdetail as you can. Try to answer each question withoutrepeating more than two words from the question.

1 Do you come from a sma ll family or a big family? How man ybrothers or sister s have you got?

2 Have you received an y awards or won any competit ions? Wh atwere they?

3 Are you interested in science? Wh y? / Wh y not ?4 Wh at do your parents think about your wo rk at school?5 Whi ch sub ject at school do you spend most time study ing?6 Wh at are you plann ing to do after leaving school?7 Would you like to become a teacher? Wh y? / Why not?8 Where d id you grow up ? Do you still live in the same place

where you were born?

6 Now read questions 1-8 in exercise 7. Rewrite each questionusing your own words so it has the sam e meaning.


7 .. 25 You are going to hea r part of a rad io programme aboutthe liv es of famous in ventors. Read questions 1-8, a ndmatch each questi on to the person A-C that it refers to .

A Alexa nder Graham BellB Maria Mitche llC jan Szczepanik

1 Who came from a big family? _ _2 Who receive d a medal from a king? __3 Whose scientific interests were not grounded in famil y

traditions? __4 Whose achievements were appreciated outsi de his/her

country? _ _5 Wh ose research was conce ntrated on one field of science?

6 Wh o had planned a different caree r? __7 Who worked as a teache r? __8 Whose bir thplace is open to the public? __


EXAM TIP

Before you listen for the first tim e, read the questions carefully. Think aboutdifferent ways of answ ering each question. Remember, the answers in the

recording are usually phrased differently from the questions.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 119

Use of English 30 minutes Writing 65 minutes


11 Read the instructions for exercise 13 on page121 carefully. Then look at this mind map.Collect yo u r ideas for each category. Ca n yo uthink of more categories to add?

What parts of speech (verb, no un, ad jective,adverb, etc.) a re the words th a t yo u have C advantages :)formed? ~ ~

business

future >

disadvantages

C

home

school

summer jo b

C experiences >

1 Does the wr iter th ink space travel is a goodidea? Why? / Why not?

2 What does he th ink abo ut the cos tconnected with space sh utt les? Is itexpe ns ive or cheap to run them ?

3 Which organ isat ion in the USA isresponsible for th e financing of space tra vel?

4 What do es the writer suggest th eorgan isatio n should do?

8 Read the text in exercise 10 quickly andanswer the following questions.

9 How many different words can you formfrom the following prompts?

1 po int (n )2 expense (n)3 science (n)4 maintain (v)5 fly (v)6 astronomy (n )7 difficu lt (ad j)8 effect (n)


10 Read t h e following text abo u t space travel.Fill in each gap 1-8 with a word formedfrom th e prom pts given in brack ets.

sport

t ransport

If you 're working with a partner, show eachother yo ur mind maps. Discuss your ideas,a nd try to add more to your m in d m aps.

12 Read this part of a letter w ritten by animaginary student in t he year 2050. Ch oosewords fro m th e list to fill the gaps .

I know it's d ifferent for me and for my parents.They '__ they can remember a world z_ _

the Int ernet. There was, th ey ' _ _ me, abuilding ca lled a library whe re yo u co uld go .These buildings co nta ined many books andthere were people '__ who could give yo uadvice. Well, ' _ _ all sounds very st range tome! Perhaps one da y in th e futur e, th e wh eelwill turn ' _ _ circle and we will sta rt to buildlibraries '__, as if th ey ' _ _ a newinventi on!

te llsayaga inth isfull withoutwere there

Answers on page 196

Many peopl e think that it is '__ (POINT)to send people into space. It is dangero us andalso very z__ (EXPENSE), and some wo uldsay that it's not even '__ (SCIENCE) use ful.The costs of the '__ (MAINTAIN) of th espace shut t les which are used for manned'__ (FLY), and of the Internati onal SpaceStation, are simply '__ (ASTRONOMY) .NASA - the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration - consequently faces hugefinancial ' _ _ (DIFFICULT). Perhaps theyshould forget th e manned programme andlook for more ' _ _ (EFFECT) missions.

Understanding what the text is about will help youwh en you are tryi ng to fill in the gaps. Look for cluesthat help you decide what part of speech the missingword is. When you have finished, read through thewho le text again to check that the words fit in logicallyas well as grammatically.

EXAM TIP

120 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLO GY Smart answer key on page 196

HOW TO STUDY

If you want to write well, you have to plan. Planning isfor write rs wha t training is for ath letes! Practise differentways of planning essays on a really wide range of topics.Anything could be the basis for an essay plan: 'My tripto the shops yesterday.' 'Why my brother is annoying.'' Living on my street.'


13 The editors of a n international studentmagazine have asked you to write anarticle about people and technology. Theywould like you to deal with the following:

• What experiences d oes the average personhave of technol ogy in their daily life?

• Do you think technology helps us, or doesit just ca use problems?

• How do yo u predict technology will affectour lives in the future?

Write your article in about 200 words.

Answers on page 197

Speaking 70 minutes


14 Read the instructions to exercise 17 carefully.Then read the suggest io ns below. Co m p letethe responses. Fo r each one, you should firstagree, and then disagree. In each case, youneed to give a reason.

If we're goi ng to ta lk abo ut our homes, wecould take some photos and bring the m in toclass.Yes, that 's a good idea, bec ause _I don't think so, because _

2 Why don't we prepare a short play or dramaabout work in the pas t, and then act it tothe class?Yes, that 's a good idea, because _I don't think so, because _

3 For that sect io n of the presentati on, wemight ask our teacher to tell the class allabout it.Yes, that's a good idea, because _I don ' t th ink so, because _

4 I think we cou ld write lot s of differentpredi ctions o n pieces of paper and displ aythem round the classroom so eve rybo dycould go and loo k at them all .Yes, that 's a good idea, because _I don 't think so, because _


15 From each pair of answers yo u have writtenin exercise 14, choose the one that 's closer toyour opinion.

If you 're working with a partner, co m pa reyour ideas.

16 Two students are talking abo ut the topic inthe ex am task below. Ca n you put theirdialogue into the correct ord er?

__ That's true. We could make a chartshowing the different possibilities forqualifica tions.

__ Now, what do you think we should startoff with?

__ Yes, why not? We all have that inco mmon. How shall we do it?

__ Yes, that would make eve ryone feeld irec tly in volved .

_ _ She is, yes, but this is supposed to be ourow n ideas.

__ Co uld we ask yo ur mother how to do it?She is a science teacher, aft er all.

_ _ Then we could ask the class if people inthe ir families have those q ua lificat ions .

__ That wou ld be effective - nice and clear.__ Why don 't we begin here? I mean , with

the qu estion of ed ucation .


17 You and your partner have been asked togive a presentation about the role ofscience and technology in today's society.Discuss and decide together how you willaddress the following:

scie nce and life in the hometechnology and the workplaceeduca tion for science and technologypredi ctions for the future.

Answers on page 191

EXAM TIP

If you wan t yo ur role-play to be realistic, you need tolearn to respond and react to what the ot he r personsays to yo u in a natural way_ Practise using theexpressions in exercise 16. Learn other ways, too. Youcan find some useful phra ses in the Speaking Bank onpage 128.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOlOGY 121

Picture-based discussion 40 minutes EXAM TIP

18 Read these se ntences about the two photoson this page. Choose the correct a nswer: a, b,o r c, to fill eac h ga p .

I can 't see _ _ th is woma n is sitt ing in anoffice with ot he r people or alone.a how b if c that

2 It's not shown here, bu t I assume this is__ on th e st reet somewhere.a out b ove r c off

3 I don 't which country this is in, but it's notmy country, __ the post box is quitesimilar to ours.a altho ugh b despite c except

4 Of course we don 't know who __ is th atsh e's calling, bu t she seems to be en joyingthe co nve rsatio n anyway.a the re b thi s c it

5 She's definitely prett y, but she's donesometh ing a littl e strange with her hair,__ it up wit h those thi ngs.a attac hed b tied c connec ted

6 I'd say that th is was a man 's arm that we seehere, and I th in k he's __ three enve lopesint o the box.a sending b making c putt ing

7 I'm wondering if the wo rd 'times' is writtenon the box, in wh ich __ I guess it 's inCanada or Aust ralia or somewhere like tha t.a case b point c exa mple

19 Match the tw o parts, 1-5 and A- E together tofo rm questions that you might expect anexaminer to ask during the exam task.

I Are you able to relate either2 Could you say a lit tle more3 As far as you' re concern ed, has email4 Wha t do you imagine she mi ght be5 Wha t kind of letters do you think

A rep laced the nee d for the postal service?B of these pictures to your own experience?C using a computer for at the moment?D the ones here m ight perhaps be?E abo ut tha t to explain what you mean ?

SPEAKING EXAM I', 10 minutes

20 Look at the two photos. They showdifferent aspects of communication intoday's society. Com pare a nd contrast thepictures.

Wh at is your experience of th esesituations?

• How do you think commun ication willdevelop in th e future?

Answers on page 197

122 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

It can be useful to think about what is not in thepictures as well as what is there. You can see examplesof this in exercise 18, where the student was thinkingabout the things that aren't visible in the pictures. Youcan find useful phrases for spec ulating about a picturein the Speaking Bank on page 128.


HIGHER LE VE L

Listening 35 minutes Use of English 40 minutes

1 Read statements 1- 10 in exercise 2. Ch oose the correctalternative below to com plete the information about therecording you 're going to hear.

1 Ryan invented a device to help blind / deaf people.2 Ryan thought of the idea in a restaurant / in a science

lesson.3 The dev ice translates sign language / foreign languages.


2 ., 26 First read sentences 1- 10 below. You will hear aradio in terview with Ryan Patterson, the inventor of an ew device . Decide which of the sentences are true (T)a nd w h ich are fa lse (F), ac cording to the recording.

1 The idea for the inve ntion occurred to Ryan whileworking at a Burger King restaurant. T / F

2 The deaf people Ryan saw were showing the cashier whatthey wanted to order. T / F

3 Ryan used th e idea whe n he entered a science contest .T /F

4 A cell pho ne is used as the receiver wh en using the SignLanguage Trans lator. T / F

S Ryan 's invention help s deaf people learn sign lan guage.T / F

6 The invention brought Ryan mo ney to cover the costs ofhi s fur the r educatio n. T / F

7 Ryan had to learn how deaf people use sign lan guage.T /F

8 Ryan had no previous experience of building electron icdevices. T / F

9 Ryan had conside red various types of gloves for hi sinven tion. T / F

10 Ryan has sold hi s invention to a deaf community centre.T / F

Answers on page 197

EXAM TIP

Use your time systematically:, Read the task carefully.2 Listen to the recording for th e first time , and while you listen, mark

the answers you' re certain about.3 Look at the task again, paying special attention to the items you did

not answer the first time you heard the recording.4 Listen to the recording again and mark the missing answers.5 Check that all answers have been marked . If you really don't know the

answer, guess.


3 Read the following sentences.Look carefully at t heunderlined words. Are theycorrect (.I') , or should they bedeleted (X)? Decide in ea chcase.

I Rem ember that th e history ofscience and technology is ahistory of m istakes as well as.

2 A scien tist ha s to startsomewhere, so he starts witha guess an d tries to prove itwrong. __

3 Having knowledge doesn 'tnecessarily make us wise: weknow that about pollut ion,but we still fly and drive.

4 There are also issues such asglobal wa rmi ng about whichit seems even the expertscan't agree. __

5 Man's ap pare ntly un stoppablehunger for energy is leadingto the terrible damage to th eplan et . _ _

6 Grow ing in terest in thepotential of alternativesources of energy is a causefor some ill cautio usoptimism. __


When you have completed your answers, check that no question was leftunanswered . If you are really not able to decide whic h answer is right,

just g uess.

6 Read the following sentences from the article on page 125.Decide from the context what the underlined words mean.

1 No cons u me r prod uct in hi stor y has cau gh t o n as quicklyas the mobile phone, global sales of which have risen fromsix million in 1991 to more than 400 millio n a yea r now.Catch 0 11 meansa become popu lar.b di scover by chance.c attract atten tion .

2 Mobile phone take-up among the poor has actually been farquicker than it was in the case of previous products, such ascolour television, co m pute rs and In ternet access.Take-lip isa the act of gain ing con trol.b the proper way of using so me th ing .c the rate at which people buy or accep t so me th ing .

7 Now find the following words o r phrases in the article inexercise 8, a nd write similar short definitions for them.

4 Now read these sentences. Foreach gap, decide which iscorrect, the word in A o r B, o rno word (C).

We tend to t hink we' re soclever these days, forgettingthat the Egyptia ns, fo rexample, built the pyramidswithou t __ electr icity.A the B some C -

2 1 sti ll feel the postal service isthe most amazin g thing: youput a letter __ in a box inone cou ntry and it appears inso meone else's house on theother side o f the world .A through B off C-

3 Change happens so quicklythat it see ms ha rd to keep__ with it sometimes.A up B o n C -

4 I wonde r __ the day willcome when they'll say, OK,that's it, we've inventedeveryth ing now.A that B if C-

5 It seems to me tha t there'smore magic _ _ in a singlenew flow er in spring than ina ll the space rockets.A bein g B been C-

Reading

1 opin ion poll2 landline3 run up

EXAM TIP

4 in novati o n5 bridge the gap6 drawb ack

35 minutes


5 Read this text about rockets. Most lines co n ta in an ex tra word - a word that iseith er grammatically incorrect or one that does not fit in with the meaning o fthe te xt. Some lines, however, are co rrec t . Find the extra word, cross it out,a nd write it after the line. Tick (,f) the correct lines. There are two examplesat the beginning.

THE HISTORYOFROCKETSo The complete truth of thehistory of rockets will probably never be enti re ly clear. ~

00 but it does seem that it all was started in China overtwo thousand years ago. But it was1 took on quite a while for rockets to reach Europe. Althoughthe Chinese were fully2 used to incorporating rockets into their military strategy by the time William the3 Conqueror invaded England from France in 1066. neither of the English northe4 Frenchwere familiarwith them. The rocket seems to have been arrived in Europe5 in the year 1241 . There are historical records that showing that the Mongols used6 rockets against the Magyars in their attack on the cityof Buda on Christmas Day of that year.


EXAM TIP

The re are many ways in w hich a word in an exercise like this can be w rong. Think carefully about

w hat you have practised in thi s sequence, and make a list of the various reasons. Then you will be

better prepared to find the errors next time you do an exercise like this one.

124 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Smart answer key on page 197

READING EXAM .. 20 minutes

8 Read the a rt icle about mobile phones. Th en ch oose theco rrec t end ing: a, b, c, o r d , to com plete sta te men ts 1- 5.

('lOaILErtEVOLUTIOnNo consumer product in history has caught on as quickly as themobile phone, global sales of which have risen from six mi ll ion in1991 to more than 400 mill ion a year now.

The arrival of the mobi le phone has transformed our lifestylesso much that men now spend more time on the phone thanwomen, according to the results of our special opinion poll.

Mobile phones are no longer just the domain of the teenagerand, in fact, just as many 40- and 50-somethings now own amobile phone as the 15 to 20 age group (slightly below 70%). Evenamong the over 65s more than 40% now have a mobile.

The survey found that men with mobile phones 172% of allmen) spend more than an hour a day making calls on an averageweekday. Th e average man spends sixty-six minutes on hisland line or his mobile, compared with fifty-three minutes beforethe mobil e phone revolution.

But the poll reveals that, while men are using their phones alot more, women are actually spending less time on the phone.Slightiy fewer women 167%1have a mobile phone, and the surveyshows that the average amount oftime they spend on the phoneon a weekday has gone down from sixty-three minutes beforethey got a mobile to fifty-five minutes now. The explanation mightlie in the fact that men love to play with techno toys while womenmay be more conscious ofthe bills they are running up.

innovation in mobile phones has been happening so fast thatit's difficult for consumers to change their behaviour. Phones areconstantly swall owing up other products like cameras,calculators, clocks, radios, and digital music pl ayers. There aretwenty different products that previously might have been boughtseparatelythat can now be part of a mobile phone. Mobiles havechanged the way peopleta lk to one another, they have generateda new type of language, they have saved lives and become styleIcons.

Obviously, the rich have been buying phones faster than thepoor. But this happens with every innovation. Mobile phonetakeup amongthe poorhas actually been far quickerthan it was inthecase of previous products, such as colour television, computersand Internet access. Indeed, as mobile phones continue tobecome cheaper and more powerful, they might prove to be moresuccessful in bridging the gap between the ri ch and the poorthanexpensive computers.

There are obviously drawbacks to mobiles as well : mobileusers are two and a half times more li kely to develop cancer inareas of the brain adjacent to their phone ear, althoughresearchers are unable to prove whether this has anything to dowith the phone; mobile thefts now account for a third of all streetrobberies in Lo ndon, and don't forget about all the accidentswaitingto happen as people drive with a mobi le in one hand. But,overall, mobile phones have proved to be a big benefit for peopl e.


1 The gro up wit h the highestnumber of people who owna mobile phone isa teenagers.b people between 40 and

SO.c men.d women .

2 According to th e opin ionpoll, womena spend more time on th e

phone than men.b spend less time on the

phone than th ey usedto .

c like to play with theirmobile phones.

d don't worry about theirphone bills .

3 Accord ing to th e text,mobile phonesa are modified too fast .b are incorporated in to

cameras.c can now replace many

ot her products.d a re more complica ted to

operate than rad ios.

4 Among the poor, thedemand for mobile phonesa has created more of a

gap with the rich .b is higher than am ong

the rich .c follows th e pattern of

similar innovations.d ha s grown faster th an

the demand forcomputers.

5 One disadvantage ofmobile ph ones that thearticle does not mentionis thea high operating costs.b h igher crime rat e.c poss ible health risk.d increased danger to road

users.

Answers on page 198


9 Read the statement in exercise 12 carefully. Itsuggests that there are many problemscurrent ly rela ted to technology, and perh apsmore to come. What problems do you thin kthere a re at presen t? What problems do youthink m ay arise in the future? Make notes ofyour ideas.

EXAM TIP

Planning is very important for this type of writi ng examtask. The task itself doesn't a lways provide you with ali st of points. This means that you must spe nd sometime planning very carefully, sta rting with producingideas - as you did in exercise 9 here.

Writing-----

Writing a discursive essay

10 minutes

Speaking


45 minutes

25 minutes

14 Read this paragraph. Somebody is talkingabout using computers. Com plete the text bychoosing one word for each ga p. One of thewords is used twice.

For me, computers are a '__ to an end,nothing z__. I don 't find them interesting ina_ _ • They enable me to do things that I needto do, ' _ _ as sending ema ils o r chec kingin formation on websites to help me s__ myhomework or con nected to one of my hob bies.But ' _ _ my sister the situatio n is ' _ _different. It's like you can' t believe we're ' __related . She is obsessed wit h com puters. I don'tunderstand, but tha t 's the tru th .

13 Here are some jumbled sentences fromstudents talking about the photo on page12 7. Can you put the underlined words intothe correct order?

1 She's some old sto ne outside on sitti ng steps.2 I guess she rem embered when she was sent

walking she hadn 't suddenly an importantemail along.

3 Perhaps before she's to her plane try ing anto colle ague em ail he takes a send .

4 Of course , might just be inspiration she amoment write r who a had of.

5 I don 't think quite she's long going to it'sstay un comfortable beca use .

10 Read th is part of an essay. Ch oose words andphrases from the list to fill in the gaps.

Thus The result of • Moreover •In contrast • This is • However

It may be useful to remind ourselves of oneperhaps rat her obvious point. '__ that thepeople who design software and thin k up newapplicatio ns for IT within the wor kplace areexperts . a__ r the vast majority areenthusiasts . "_ _ they feel comfortable andhap py with technology. '__ to them , theaverage person, say an office wor ker who has tolearn a new softwa re package, lacks confidence.s__ th is distinction is that developments ared riven by the minority. '__ r it is the maj oritywho feel the effects .

11 Read this part of a n introduction to an essay.Ca n you find and correct the six errors itcon tains?

The sta teme nt that this essay bases on is apessim istic one . It has been issued by some onefrom a completely negat ive at ti tude totec hnology. I will begin my essay byconside ring how is meant by the sta teme n t. Iwill then move over to look at a number ofcounter-argume nts. Finally, I will deliver myconclusion. This is basically that the action weneed to take is grea tly to increase the level oftechnologically educa tion gene rally available.

tot ally • such mean sthem selves actually

with • more

WRITING EXAM .. 60 minutes

12 Write an essay (200-250 words) based onthe fo llowing topic.

The worl d to day faces a serious ch allenge: wedon't really understand the ways in whi chtechnology is cha nging our lives: ourwork/educatio n, our leisure, ourcomm unicatio n, our relations hips everyth ing. And if we don't understandtoday's world , ho w can we m ake suretomorrow's world is a good one for ourselves,our childre n, our child ren's children .. .?

Answers on page 199

126 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY


1S Look at the photo of so m ebody using alaptop. Ta lk about the picture.

• Wh y do you th in k she's where she is?• What do you think she's do ing?

Wh at do you think will happen next?How does this situa tion cornpare to youruse of computers?

• Is life without computers and the Int ern etpossible th ese days? Why? / Wh y not?

Answers on page 199


EXAM TIP

Are there any other important discoveries or inventions?What do you think should be added to the list?

When you are imagining things or speculating about a picture orsituation, you need to control your language carefully. Make sure youund erstand how to use modal verbs and conditi onal structures so that

you can describe w hat you are imagining, guessing, and so on. You canfind useful phrases in the Speaking Bank on page 128.


Technological inventions do n'tmake our lives better. Theysimply creat e more productswe're expected to buy.

If you can' t think of what to sayquickly for or against something , trycom paring it to something else: w hichthing has more advantages and whichmore disadvantages?

EXAM TIP


17 Read the followingstatement. Do you agree ordisagree? Prepare argumentsto support your view. Discussthe issue with your partner,and respond to their counterarguments.

20 minutes

16 What do you think are the most important scientificdiscoveries or technological inventions? Read the followinglist, and think about how these things have changed theway we live. Write down at least one reason why you thinkeach of them is important.

a nuclear energyb carsc antibiot icsd mapping of the human genomee the Internetf space flightg planes

Debate

Smart answer key on page 199 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 127

Sgeaki rng Ba til ~


Starting a conversa tion

Excuse me. Can I tell / ask yo u someth ing?Can I ta lk to you for a moment?Can I have a word?

Asking for directions / information

Excuse me. How do I get to ... ?Is there a (post office) near here?Could yo u te ll me th e way to ... ?I'd like to know ... , please.Do you know (where the bus stop is)?And there is one more thing I'd like to know.And yo u wo uld n' t know ... , would you?

Giving directions

Go straigh t ahead.Turn left / right .Take the first / second turn ing on yo ur right / left .Go past (the school).Keep going until you get to ...Go along (Green Street) as far as the traffic lights.Th en ...You need to ...

Expressing opinions

see under Debate

Apologising

(I'm) so rry for (sth / doing sth).I'm really sorry.I'm awfully sorry.I apol ogise.

Making Cl requ est

Can / Could you ... ?Would you mind (doing sth)?Do you think you could ... ?Do you think yo u could pos sibly .. . ?Will you ... ?

Agreeing to Cl request

OK. / All righ t.Yes, sure.Certa in ly.

Refusing a request

Sorry, but ...I can' t really ...I'm afraid I can 't ...

Making suggestions / arrangemen ts to meet

Are you doing anything on ... ?Would you like to (do sth)?Do you fancy (st h / doing sth)?Why don't we (do sth)?

128 SPEA KING BANK

Let's (do sth).How / What about (doing sth)?I was wondering if you 'd like to (do sth)?It wou ld be great if we (did sth).

Accep ting suggestions / arrangements to meet

(Yes .) I'd love to .(Yes.) I'd be glad / happy to.Sure, why not?Sounds goo d to me.Great !Yes, that would be (great / good / useful / excellent).Yes, (I think) that 's a good idea.That's a great idea!That's a goo d / an exce llent suggestion !Yes, that 's prob ably th e best option.That would / could be fun / interesting.

Rejecting suggestions / arrangements to meet

Sorry, but I can 't.Sorry, bu t I'm bu sy on ...Sorry, but I've got to (do sth) .I'm afraid I can' t .That' s a good idea, but ...I'd love to, but ...I don't th ink so, (because .. .).Well, I'd rather (do sth).Yes, but don't you think it would be bet ter to(do sth)?

Asking for help

Could yo u (do sth) ?Would you mind (do ing sth)?Can you help me, please?Could you give / lend me a han d?

Offering something

Would you like (a biscuits ]

How about (a cup of coffee)?Fancy (a drink)?I'll do it for you.Shall I help you to (do sth)?How can I help (you)?

Accepting an offer

Yes, please. / Thanks.Th an k you very much . That 's very kind of you.Tha t would be lovely, thank you .

Asking for permission

Could I ... ?Is it OK / all right if I ... ?Do you mind if I (do sth)?Would you mind if I (did sth)?Would it be OK if I (d id sth)?I was wondering if I could ... ?

Giving permission

Yes, of co urse.Yes, sure.Yes, th at 's fine.No, that's fin e.No, go ahead .No probl em.

Refusing permission

Sorry, but ...I'm afraid that 's not po ssible.I'd rat her you d idn 't (if yo u don't mind).

Asking for advice

What do you think I should do?Do yo u think I sho uld ... ?Can I ask yo ur opin io n abo ut someth ing?

Giving advice

I think you should / ough t to ...If I were you, I'd (do sth).Have yo u th ought abo ut (doing sth)?Have yo u co ns idered (do ing sth)?Why don't you .. . ?You might en joy (doing sth) .You could ...

Sayillg thanks

Tha nks a lot. / Many thanks.Thank yo u very much.That was / is very kind of yo u.

Respo nding to thanks

Not at a ll.No probl em.Don 't mention it.Any time.Th at 's OK.You' re welcome.It's a pleasur e. / My pleasur e.

Picture- or statistics-based discussion

Describing a pic ture

In t he picture I can see ...Th e picture shows ...They look (tired).She seems / appears to be (happy) ...On th e right / left th ere is ...At the top / bottom th ere are ...In th e top righ t-hand co rner there seems to be ...In the foreground / background ...I think th ey represent .. .Th e image reminds me of / makes me think of .. .Th e setti ng is . ..

Talking about sta tistics

Most ...The vast ma jor ity of ...Nearl y ha lf / all (of th e respondents) ...Less than half of .Nearly a third of .

A quarter of .Hardly any .Com pared to ... it 's (tm times / 55%) more (likely /conunoni ...Th e contrast between (air travel) and (sea travel)is (in)s ign ifican t.

Explaining what something is

It 's so me th ing that (covers the windows. You can(1'" 11 it).It 's a kind of (bed) that you can (sit 011 when yOIlwant to watch TV).It's (a box) made of (wood) where (somebody keeps ... )

Specula ting

(I guess) they might / cou ld be (brother and sister).It mu st be (some kind of a machine),She is prob abl y (more than 17).She can't be (011 holiday), beca use . ..She co uld be or ...He looks as if .It's not clear if .It looks like (they 're [tiends v.Th ey seem (to be ill love).I imagine they're .I expect that she's .I wonder if he's ...

Debate

Ordering arguments

To start with, ...First of all , / Firstly, ...Second ly, .Another thing is that ...On the one hand ... but o n th e other hand ...On the other hand, .The main reason is .Another reason is .Well, the thing is that ...It 's a lso true that ...And on top of that ...And fina lly ...

Givi ng examples

For exam ple, ... / For instance, ...To give yo u an idea, ...One exam ple of this is ...Look at th e case of ...

Sutnmurising

So wh at it co mes down to is ...The point I'm trying to make is ...Let me just recap what's been said so far.In short ...In other words ...To sum up ...

Ask ing for som eone's opi n ion

What do you think (of / abo ut ... )?Have you considered .. . ?

SPEAKING BANK 129

What's your view / opi n io n / take on .. . ?Don 't you agree that ... ?

Expressing opinions

I thin k (that) ...In my view / opinion, .. .I'm co nv inced / posi tive that .. .To my mind, ...Personally, I thi nk .. .As I see it, .. .From my po in t of view, .As far as I'm concerned, .I don't th ink .. .I don 't really know (if) ..I'm not sure (abo ut / if) ..I don't have a strong / definite opinion abo ut that.

Agreeing / Accep ting the other person 's viewpoint

Yes, I agree (with you).I completely agree .I couldn 't agree with you more.Th at's exactly wha t I think.My po in t exac t ly.I know.I can go along with that .(I thin k) yo u 're righ t.Righ t. / That 's right.True. / Th at 's true.Abso lutely.Exact ly!I suppose so.

Disagreeing

Yes / True, but ...I'm afraid I di sagree / can't agree with you.I take / see your point, bu t .I see what yo u mean, bu t .I'm not sure ab out that.I'm not sure that 's true / cor rect / right.I'm not sure I can acce pt that.I agree to some exte nt, but ...Th ere might be so me truth in th at, bu t ...I can't agree / go along with that .I d isagree.I don't see why / how.You must be jokin g!Sure ly yo u don 't th ink that .. .Actually, .. .

130 SPEAKING BA NK

Other useful functions

Responding to what someone has said

Do you? / Are yo u? / Is it? (the ap propriatequestion tag from the sta tement)That's interesting.Really?I see.Oh, OK.

Playing for time

Let me see, ...Well, let me think, ...Hrn, let me think about that for a moment ...I'll have to think ab out it.How shall / can I put it?What's the word for it ?

Asking for clarification / Saying you don 'tunderstand

Pardon?Sorry?Sorry, I didn't quite catch that .Sorry, I mi ssed that .Do you mean .. . ?Does th is mean ... ?Can you say it / that again, please?Would you mind rep eating that , please?Co uld yo u repeat t ha t more slow ly, please?Could you spell that, please?

Email

• The com pute r includes your

email address and the dateauto matically.

• Write the email address of theperson you' re w riting to .

• Write the address of the peopleyou would like to send a copy ofthe letter to.

• Choose a subject.

• Write the message like a shortinformal lett er or a personal

note.

Postcard

.. e •

From: " dan iel.hughes@m ail st ar.com Sent: 21 /07/06o--t---t<I*--.- k_schneider @mayersoft. at

Cc: anke765@f re ipost.net

le':! M y vis it

Hi~nd;;';~~ u r m essag e abo ut t he weathe r. I'll m ake sure I pack myumbrella !

My fl ight is arr iving in Vie nna tomorrow at 15.35, th en I' ll take abu s from th e airport to the centre . I'll gi ve you a ring f ro m th ehotel when I get there. Ho w about m eeting up later for dinner?If Anke arrives from Stuttgart, pe rha ps she could join us, too .It will be great to see yo u aga in soon !

Take care,

Daniel

III

• Write th e nam e and address of

the person you're writin g to.

• Put the date at the top. (Youcan leave this out.)

• Write Dear and the name of theperson you're w riting to.

• Write your message . Use shortforms (I 'll, it's, we're) and shortsentences.

• Finish with a friendly phrase:See yousoon,Wish you were here!(Lots of) Love, (to familymembers and close friends)Best wishes,

• Sign your name. First name is

usually enough.

~2:3r~/y

~e"r "l'lA....~Do.d

/

:r '.... k"Vi1<(J" " -t"1<t~i...... i1<A'lAstri" . The we"tker's (}re"t:L:o~s'lA1<ski1<e "1<,1 1<0 ",i1<. "l/y kote.i's

I B'lAit e co....-tort"b.l.e, too.We've ".l.re"d/y visited Scko1<br'lA1<1<c."s t.!.e . :rt 's be"'lAti-t'lA.l. 1 NeXt weeKe1<dwe're p.I."1<1<i1<(} to (}Oto S".l.t;b'lAr!j" :r '....re".I..I.)\ e1<j"/j i1<(J" ..../Yse.i-t, b'lAt .r :tor(J"otto P'lAf 01< S'lA1<Cre" .... "1<,1 1<OW :r tki1<X~e (}ot s'lA1<b'lAr1< !

Wish lJ01A were. kere!

L.ots o-t .l.ove,D"1<ie.l.

7 /

"lr "1<,1 "lrS P H'lA(}keS

3 4- c."r.!.to1< c.o'lArt

"l,,/y! ie.id Ro"d

Br isto.l.

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1AK

WRITING BANK 131

• Wri te the date.

Informal letter

• Put your address in the top right t-- ~

corner. We often leave this out,.. £, &sterk"SJr(}"SSe 19

A- IOW Wie"

A1Astri"

• Start with Deaf and the name of

the person you're writing to.

• If you 're writing a reply, thankthe person for the ir lett er or

anything else they sent you,

3D :J1A-M 2.00£

Th""Ks " fot -I'or tke dictio""rJr Jr01A se"t ece . :Lt 's (}oi,,(} t o be "(}re"t kefp i" ....Jr eX"....s !

• Use informal language to w rite

your letter.HOwetYe nOtt? I /Aope. lt01A1ye. we.££ Ct-rto tkCtt }j'01A1re £OOKi1'lo .fwwcr,dto ~ottr 'C..o£ iOCtl1 ' Wkt\t are. (Y0'UY P£().1-tS .for t'ke. S1( I1t.~),"?

• Finish with a friendly expression:(Lots of) Love, (t o family andclose friends)Take care, (to friends)Best wishes,All the best,

• Sign your name. First name isusually enough. Close friendssometimes put XXX (= 'kisses')at the end of their letter.

132 WRIT ING BANK

As -I'or ""' , i" A1A(}1Ast :L'.... (}oi" iJ" to spe"d " weeK"t ....JroyCt1o1.dVll,otke-r 's !,..01ASe. Ctt l..-ltKe. IStt£t\tO'l1 i'YL. 14.tt-rt3Ctl'"zy , c.Ct1'l

lt wCti t t os ee. ke-Y ) ske.J.~ \11..'" .f"V01Ayjt e. \'I\£..\1I..ber o.f tke. .fCt \1l.. i£}t ! A1'lo ske. I'M-AKe. ,S:de.£ic. iotfs CCtj(e-s , t oo. A11.o A1'lJ<e-) \1I..(y &e- y\1I..C\ 1'\. ..p.rie-1'ld ..p.YO\'ll. tke

f""(}1A,,(}e C01Arse, is cc.... i,,(} to viSIt "", be-l'ore tk"t, i" :J1AfjJ-

A1'l(Ywt\(JJ tke. reel: nCtSo-x :r. \1I. writ i11.0 is t kt\t :I. Md CA. Oye- Clo t joeet.

Y01A l'1'.£.1'tti01'te.o tklXt lj01A 10 -aeve.r be.e.1-t to A1AstrilX) 1X110 1. wlXS

tk i1tlJ( i11(}, kow w01A£O 7t01A £i/(e. t o COl'1'.£. 1X1o\O visit \jie.1o\1-t1X 1-te.xt

....o"tk? :r:j1ASt S" w t'k is speci"f de"f " t " s...." if kote! " e"r tkeWe..stblXk1tlko-t) IX1tlO i-t lj01A (}ive. I'1'.£. ljo1Ar e. l1\.lXi£ lXoore.ss) I ct\1tl se.1-tO

Jr01A tke fi"Kto tke ir website.

let "'" KMW wk"t Jr01A tki"K! :r:t w01Afd be (}re"t t o see Jr01A"(}"i", ""d :r: co1Afd skow Jr01A "if tke be"1Ati -l'1Af tki,,(}s i" ....JrkOl1\.e.tow1tl .

Write. S0011 .

MORE USEFUL PHRASES:

Thanks far your letter.

It was great to hear from you.I'm sorry I haven't written for ages / for so long.It was a nice surprise to hear from you / to receive yourletter.

Write soon.Keep in touch.Give my regards / love to your parents / Anke.

Regards,

All the best,

(Lots of) Love,

leaflet

• Choose a title to attractattention .

• Write your message in short,effective sentences.

• Use convincing arguments.

• Write you r contact details if youwant peopl e to get in to uch.

Invitation

• Choose a title to giveinformation about the event.

• Include all the key information :date, t ime and place.

• Also say :- if the re is a dress code (do

peo ple have to wear certainclothes?)

- if t he guests need to bringanything

- if there is a charge (do peopl ehave to pay to enter?)

• Ask peopl e to reply if it 'snecessary. You can use RSVP(= 'please reply', fro m theFrench repondez s'it vous plait)

-{Share your carand save the planet!• Millions commute to work each day by car.• Most people trave l alone in their cars .• Cars on the road cause traffic jams and pollute the air.

Reduce the number of cars on the road by setting upcar-sharing schemes at work.When four of you share a car, that makes three cars thatstay in the garage !

If you take turns driving, you can even reduce your level ofstress!

Contact Ciaire Harris for an information pack:45 Charlotte StreetBristol BS2 6ZXphone: 07986 135246

@)~ @)

~~

~aL.L.OW~~N~

~-......~

~ ~~ paR.-f.Y! ~~ ~~ ~~ PLEASE COME TO A fANTASTic fANCy-dRESS pARTy ANd ~~ ~'--- cElEbRATE HAllOWEEN wirh us ON

~ --- ~......SATURdAy 28 OCTobER

~ ~FROM 7.l0 !'.M.~~ AT ThE STudENT CLub (44 ST MichAEL's Hill, BRiSTOL). ~

~1-----....fANCy dRESS o!,TioNAL, bUT RECOMMENdEd. ~

~ AdMissiON FREE, bUT bRiNG SOME Food ANd dRiNk . ~~ Hope to see you there: ~~ ~~ DANiEl ANd CLAiRE ~~ ~ RSVP ~<----

~(CLAiRE HARRis, 4~ ChARLOTTE STREET, BRiSTOL BS2 6ZX,

~~

!,hONE: 07986 1H246)~

@)~@)

WRITING BANK 133

Formal letter 1 (information request)

6, Esterhazygasse 19A-l060WienAustria

30 June 2006Jessica CampbellInformation OfficeEnglish Language Academy99 Downs RoadBristol BS6 OYW

Dear Ms Campbell,

~I am writing w ith regard tb-t~tensive English summercourses that you offer. I would be-very grateful if you couldsend me some detailed information ;Bout~courses thatwill be held in your school in Bristo l this summer as well aswhat kind of accommodation you provide.

I am 18 years old and I have been learning English inAustria for seven years now. My written English is quitegood but I would like to improve my speaking skills. Do youhave any courses for teenagers which offer a lot of speakingpractice in small groups? As I am a student I would beinterested in details of any discounts that are available, andthe full pr ice of the course including accommodation.

I look forward to receiving your reply.

Yours sincerely

• Put your address in the topcorner.

• Write the date.

• Put the following informationbelow the date:- the full name (and title) of the

person you're writing to (ifyou know)

- the department within thei rcompany

- the name and address of thecompany

• If you don't know the name ofthe person, start with:Deor Sir (if you know it's a man)Dear Madam (if you know it's awoman)Dear Sir/Madam or Dear SirorMadam.

• If you know the name of theperson, start with Dearandwrite their title and surname.

• Explain your reason for writing.

• Write more relevant details.

• Suggest or request action ifappropriate.

/

I

Karin Schneider

MORE USEFUL PHRASES :

I am writing to enquire about ...Could you pleose send me furt her information! details about ... ?Iwould be very interested in finding out more about .. .

134 WRITING BANK

• Finish with a polite expression, t--

such as:Looking forward to hearing fromyou soon.

• Write:Yours sincerely (if you addressedthe person by name)Yours faithfully (if you didn't).

/• Sign and print your full name.

Formal letter 2 (complaint)

- Customer Service Dept .Cheap-O Stores Ltd .52 Stroud RoadGloucesterGL2 aLO

96 Russell St r e e tHen l eazeBristolBS4 lAB

10 September 2006

Dear Sir or Madam~

I am writing to complain about the goods and service i n oneof your supermarkets .

/La s t Saturday, I visite d my local Cheap-O Supermarket i nBris to l to buy g r o c e r ies, wh i ch y ou adver ti s ed a s beinge x t r eme l y good value . Howe v e r , most products we r e bei ng soldat a price much higher than i n other shops, and when I gothome, I also found out that nearly all the dairy products Ihad bought were past their sell-by dates . I think overpricedfood that has gone off is anything but good value .

When I r e t ur ned to t he s hop to make a compla i nt , I was toldthat the dairy she lve s ha d bee n che c ked that morn i ng andthat a ll the products were fresh . They also claimed I hadbought the products in a different shop, and refused to giveme a refund .

I am very disappointed, and expect you to take some actionimmediately. I am enclos ing a c opy of the receipt for mypur c ha ses, for whi c h I am e x pec t i ng a fu l l r e fund . If I donot hear from you withi n 14 days, I will contact the Fo odStandards Agency with my complaint .

I look forward to hearing from you soon .

Yours faithfully....-'"

Doy;S Staple-toVl~

/ Doris Stapleton (Mrs)


Iam writing to complain about ...I want to express my strong dissatisfaction with ...I demand a full refund.

Iexpect you to send me a replacement.I would be grateful if you could send me a refund / replacement.

WRITING BANK 135

Formal letter 3 (job application cover letter)

• A cover letter is often written in reply to a job advertisement.

Wanted: Zoo Guides• idea l summer job for stu dents• Ju ly and August, part-time (15 hours/week), £ ISO/week

• some weeke nd work required• job involves gulding walking tours around Bristol Zoo,

atte ndi ng Visito r Information Points, distributing leaflets

• goo d communication and people skills, goo d level of aspo ken fore ign language required

• training provided, but some experience with anima ls is an

advantage

Apply (with CV) to :

Michael CrossleyHR ManagerBristol Zoo

1'.0 . Box 100Bristol BS99 I I'll

Referenc e number: ZG/ P-07.06

136 WRITING BANK

• Put your address in the topcorner.

• Write the date.

• Write the name, compa nydetails and add ress of theperson you're writing to (seeFormal letters 1 and 2).

• You can write a subject. If thereis a reference number, write this,too .

• Write Dear and the title andsurname of the person you'rewrit ing to. If you don't knowthe name of the person, youcan write:Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Sir orMadam or To whom it mayconcern:

• In the first paragraph, refer tothe advertisement and say whyyou are writing.

• In the next paragraph, giveinformation about your interestand availability.

• Saywhat experience and skillsyou've got. You have topersuade the reader that you'rethe best person for the job !

• Add any other relevantinformation.

• Finish with a polite expression,such as:I hope you will consider my

application.I look forward to hearing fromyou soon.

• Write Yours sincerely (if youaddressed the person by name)or Yours faithfully (if you didn' t).

• Sign and print your full name.

:/

I

45 Charlotte StreetBristolBS2 6ZX

16 June 2006Mr Michael CrossleyHum an Resources Man agerBristo l ZooI'.O.Box lOOBS99 II'B

Applica t ion for the position of Zoo GuideRef. No . ZG/P-07.06

Dear Mr Crossley

I have seen your advertise me nt in the May issue of City Life ma gazin e, and Iwould like to apply for the part-time position of Zoo Guide.

I am 18 years old, and have recently completed my A-levels in French, Biologyand Social Studies. I hope to stu dy Zoology at Reading Uni versity fromSeptember, and I am currently looking for a summe r job before my course starts .I would be able to sta rt work from 17 Ju ly and will be avai lable until th e end ofAugust.

I have gained valuable experience of working with an imals at my paren ts' farmin Gloucestershire, whe re I grew up, and in my last two years I have beenstudying Biology quite extens ively in preparation for my A-level examinations. Ia lso en joy wor king with people, and I had th e responsibility of dealing withcustome rs in my part-tim e job last sum me r as a Box Office Assista nt at th eNatural Histor y Museum in London. I have a good command of French, both inwriti ng and speak ing, and I also speak some Spanish . I am enclosing my CV withdetails of my previous education and work experience.

I believe I would be a useful member of your team at the Bristo l Zoo, and I hop eyou will consider my application for the posi tio n.

I look forwa rd to hearing from you soo n.

Yours sincerely,

Claire Harri s


I am writing in response to / with regard to your advertisement which appearedin the ... issue of .. .I would like to apply for the position! the post of .. .I would be grateful if you would cansider my application.I hope you will be able to consider me for the position of ._.

WRITING BANK 137

Discursive essay (on a given topic) I Student magazine article

• If you're given a topic to w rite

about, read the instructions or

notes carefully to make sure youunderstand what you needtodo.

• Before you write your essay orart icle, take notes of the key

points you want to make. Make

sure you w rite something about

each of the points in theinstructions.

• Always think about youraudience. (Who's going to readyour writing?)

• Make a general statement tointroduce you r topic at the start.

• Write a paragraph about each ofthe required points.

• Use examples to illustrate thepoints you are making.

• Use linking words to connect

your sentences and your

paragraphs.

• If you're asked to include youropinion, don 't use informa l

expressions to express it.

• If there is a wo rd limit, check

that you have written therequired amount.

• Re-read your finished essay orarticle to check tor mistakes.

Write 220-280 w ords on the follow ing subject:

Teleoision channels are becoming moreand more specialised. There arechannels catering for a wide rallge of differellt viewers. This is challgillgthe role tcleoision plays ill our lives.

Include the following points:

....-...-.. . the background to this change (what made it possible?)• the ro le TV played twenty years ago• the ro le of TV today• your personal view s on the subject..r: a su itable title for your essay.

Television: still the centre of our lives?

Nowadays, te levision is becoming increasingly specialised ,~ each channel offeri ng different experiences for different

v iewers. There are channels ded icated to sports, to coo kery, orto f il ms, to give a few examples.

The development of sate llite techno logy in the 1980s anddigita l broadcast ing in the late 1990s increased the number ofte lev is ion channels, which is now no longer rest ricted by thecapacity of trad it ional TV aeria ls. But thi s increase in cho ice hasalso made our experience of watch ing te levision different fromw hat it was like before.

Twe nty yea rs ago , mostTV sets could on ly rece ive a smallnum ber of channels. Thi s also meant that peop le werewatching the same things, and eve nts in popular programmesoften became the central topi c of conve rsat ions. For example,w hen th e character of JR Ewi ng was shot in an ep isode of thepopula r soap opera Dallas, many peop le spent the followingday discuss ing their theories about the identity of his attacke r.

~ Today, people can choose wh ichever channel shows"" programmes about t heir favourite subjects . One per son m ig ht

wa tch a footba ll game, but ot hers spend the same eve ningwa tching a f ilm or pop music videos. Apart from ma jo r eve ntsthat attract a globa l audience, like the Olympic Games, thereare few th ings on TV that capture the public imagi nat io n thesame way they did in the past.

But I be lieve having the freedom to w atch w hat we want, whenwe want to , is worth the pr ice of losing a shared topic forconversations.


138 WRITING BANK

Furthermore, ...In addition to this, ...A further (negative / positive) aspect of this is ...

For one thing, .For example, .For instance, .Such as ...On the onehand, ...

Argumentative essay (for/against a statement)

Write an essay of 200-250 words for or against thefollowing statement:

Shoppillg celltres have improved the way we shop.

The way we shop

Shopping centres have changed the way we shop - but isthis really an improvement?

One positive aspect of shopping centres is convenience: wecan find everything from groceries to electron ics, fromcosmetics to clothes, under the same roof.

Furthermore, shopping centres offer entertainment facilities,like cinemas or bowling alleys, with an enormous range of .-- -f-things to buy and to do.

In addition to this, they are places where you can meetpeople and socialise in cafes and restaurants. They havebecome the focus of socia l l ife for many teenagers.

However, sma lle r loca l shops which used to offer a f riendlier,more personal service are closing down because they cannotkeep up with the competition .

The same thing is happening to local cinemas, andsometimes even bars and restaurants. In fact, we are losingplaces that were once im portant in our lives.

Another disadvantage of shopping centres is that they offerbland, uniform products all ove r the world - loca l characteris disappearing . In order to supply a large number ofcustomers efficiently, mass-produced goods replacecustom-ma de products.

To summarise, on the one hand, they offer a morecomfortable shopping experience, but on the other hand,they make us all the same: customers in a commercialisedworld where the most important things are things youcan buy.

In my view, shopping cent res are useful, but we should notallow them to change the world we live in.

• Read the instructions carefullyand make sure you understandwhat you need to write.

• Write the title of your essay.

• Make a general statement tointroduce the topic.

• Write about the advantages anddisadvantages or the argumentsfor and against in separateparagraphs.

• Use a new paragraph tointroduce each new topic.

• Supportyour main ideas witharguments.

• Use linking words and discoursemarkers.

• Summarise your arguments atthe end of your essay.

• You should include your ownopinion, but don't use informalexpressions.

• Check that you have written therequired num ber of wo rds.

In contrast, ...However, . ..In fact, .Actually, .

On the other hand, ...

As far as I'm concerned, ...In my view / opinion, .. .My view / opinion is that . ..

To sum up, .. .To summarise, .In conclusion, .

WRITING BANK 139

Book review

• Always think about youraudience. (Who are you writingfor? Who's going to read yourreview?)

• Introduce the book you'rewriting about. Give the title,and the author, and any otherrelevant backgroundinformation.

Ender's Game

..-_~P' One of my favourite books of all time is Ender 'sGame by the American author Orson Scott Card. It isthe f irst novel in a series of books wh ich all takeplace in the same imag inary universe.

• Summarise the plot withoutgetting into too much detail.(What happens in the book?)

• Focus only on the mostimportant things that you likedor didn 't like about the book.

• Use examples to illustrate thepoints you are making.

• Summa rise what you thinkabout the book.

• If you liked the book,recommend it for others toread, and give a reason why youth ink they should read it.

• If there is a word limit, checkthat you have written therequired amou nt.

• Re-read your finished review tocheck for mistakes.

140 W RITING BAN K

Ender s Game is a science fiction story about ata len ted boy, Ender, who is taken to a mi litarytra in ing school at a very ear ly age . Ender spends hisdays tra ining and pract isi ng, but he is never toldabout the purpose of his preparation . After a difficultstart, he starts enjoying his train ing, and soonbecomes the best among his fe llow trainees. Whathe does not real ise is that he is being prepared forwar aga inst an al ien race .

The story is written from the boy's perspective, whocannot quite understand what is happening aroundhim.The reader identifies with the protagon ist, andwhen the f ina l twist comes (wh ich I do not want togive away), we live through the shock of it togetherw ith Ender.

The book raises important questions of innocence,adu lts' respo ns ib il it ies towards chi ldren and aboutthe nature of specia l talent.

Card 's powerful story-te ll ing makes Ender 's Game areal page-turner, and I pe rsona lly found it verydifficu lt to put down.

A n all-t ime science fiction classic, which I wou lddefinitely recommend to fans of the genre.

1 Family lifeStages in life

adolescence / ,.edJ' lesnsladolescent 1,<cdd'lcsntlad ult l'",dAlt!ad ult hood 1" edAltltodlage group /' c1d3 gr u:p/at the age of

(eigh teen) 1' 1 oi 'cld3 ovlbaby "berbi/be born Ibi 'bo-n/birth Ib3:01child ItJaIldlkid (inforll/ol ) /ktd/childhood " tjandho d/death IdeOIdie /da t/e lderly (person) l' eld, lilgen era tio n /dgena'rerj n/g row up /qrao '"pigrown-up (inforll/ol) "q rconxp (n)1marriage /' ma:n d;ylmidd le age 1,lTI ld l 'cld31middle-aged (pe rso n) I,mldl 'erdgd/OAP (BrE) (Old Age Pensioner) 1'0

Cl 'p i:!old age /ao ld 'eldypensioner I' pcnIJ l1d(r)!teenager / 'ti:ncld3J(r)/toddler l 'todl, (r)1yo u t h Ij u:OI

People in your life

acq ua in ta nce /a'kwemtans/ado pted /a'd nptrd/a doptio n /a'dnpj n/a un t lo:ntlbest friend /best 'frend/boy fri end "borfrend/b rother l 'brAo, (r)1ch ild ren (1") l'IJIldr, nlclose friend /klaos 'frend!co uple I'kApl/cousin I' kxzn/dad (into rmat; Id"'dldaddy (info llnll l ) I'd",dildaughter l' do:lo(r )1daughter-ill-law l'dJ:tJ(r)m,b :/divorced /dr'vccst/ex -husband /eks'hazband/ex-w ife /eks'wa if/famil y m ember I' fa~mJl i membat r j/father I'fa:oo(r)/father-In-law l 'fo :o ;;l(r )m,b :1fiance /fi'n nser/fiancee /tl'onser/foster children /Tosta .tj tldran/foster parents /Tcsto .pearants/girlfrie n d l'g3:lfrendlgra ndchildren (PI) "qrren tj rldran/gran ddad (i ntonnol) I'gncnd"'dlgrandfather l 'gr", nfa:o, (r )1gra ndm a (informal) I' gm:nmo:1

Words in blue suggested for the Higher level

grandmother l 'g m:nm Aoa(r)1grandpa (informal) l' gr", npa:1grandparents (1'1) I'gr",npe, r, nlslgrann y (informat; I'gr"'nilhalf b rother I'ha:f b"o, (r)1half sister I'ha:f slsto(r)1husband "hxzbond/husband-to-be l ,hAzb;md tJ 'bi:1in-laws (pI ) I'mb "}m other I' mAoJ(r )1mot her-in -law l 'mAo::>( r )m ,b :1mum (AmE mom ) (informal) /mxm/m ummy (info rmal) "mxmi/nephew /'nefju:1niece Ini :slnuclear fa m ily I,nj u:klid 'fernoli/a n only ch ild /an .acnli 't j arld/parents (1") " pearants/partner l 'pa:ln, (r )1relative "relcuv /sister l 's lstJ(r)1sister-in -law l 'srstJ (r)m ,b :1son ISAnlson-in-law l ' sAnm ,b :1spouse (forma l) Ispaoslstepda ugh ter "stcpdoncm/stepfa ther /' stepfa:o, (r)1stepmother l'stepmAoo(r)1stepson "stepsxn/triplets I'ln pl, lsItwins ItwmzJun cle l 'AQkllwife Iwmflwife-to-be I,WaIft d'bi:1

Relationships

be m arried (to sb) Ib i 'me nd/be expecti n g (a chil d) Ibi

tk's pektuj /be pregnan t I bi 'preqnont/be a rol e model Ibi J 'raol mod llbe single Ibi 'snjq l/break up (With sb) /brerk 'Al'lcircle of friends I,S3:kl JV ' frendzlfall out (wit h sb) Ifo:l 'aot!generation gap /dgeno'rerj n ,ga:plget divorced Iget dr'vo.st/get engaged Igel m'qetdgd/get m arried (to sb) Igel 'mrertd/get o n well (with sb) Igel on 'wellgo out (With sb) /qao 'aot/have a n a rgu ment / a

di sagreement I a row (With sb)l ,hOEV an 'u tqj uman t J drsa'qrirmant ;;I

' rao/

have a ch ild 1,It", v , 'tjatld/make up (with sb) /merk 'Aplmarried co up le 1,I11 ccn d 'kxpl/(close I d istant) relation /rt'Ietjn/relationship /rt'Ierj nj rp/marry (sb) "me riz(start a I have a I end a)

relations h ip (With sb)/rr'Ierj nj tp/

run away (fro m ho me) I rAn a'wer/se t an example I,set ;ln tq'zn.m pl/split up (With sb) /spht 'Al'lsta rt a famil y I,sto:t J 'fremcli/

Family history

ancestors (pi) "amsestcz/descendants (1'1) /dr'scndants/fam ily history l ,fi.cm;)li 'hrs tr i/family tree l ,fa:mJ li 't ri:1forebears (1'1) l'fo:be, 71genealogist Id3i:ni'a:IJd3ISt/genealogy Id3i:ni'",I,d3ilorigin s (p i) /' on d3mzlpas t /pc .st/trace back /t rcrs 'be k/

Daily routine

babysit "berbisrt/bring up (ch ild ren) /bn n 'Al'lbrush (one's) teeth IbrAJ 'li:OI(do mes tic I ho usehold ) chores

I IJo:zIclean Ikli:nlcle ar up Ikh, (r ) 'xp/com m ute /ka'mj urt/do housework Id u: 'haoswa.k/do ". Idu:1

the co oking 1<), 'kokuj /th e dusting 10;) 'dASt ll)lthe ironing l o i 'atanuj /t he shopping 10' 'JopIQIt he washing 10, 'wnj uj/the washing-up 10;) ,WOJII]'Apl

get d ressed Iget 'drestlget ready (for bed I school) /qet

'redi/get up Iget 'Al'lgo ., . Ig, ol

to bed (eariy I lat e) 110 'bed/to school It, 'sku:1Ito the offi ce It;) oi 'ofISIto work ItJ 'wa.k/

go out /qao 'ao t/have (AII/E take) a bath /ha v 0

'ba:SIhave .. . /htev/

a meal IJ 'm i:1Ibrea kfast "brekfcst/lunch I IAntJItea I t i:1dinner l 'd mJ(r )1su pper I 'SA po(r )1

have (AII/E ta ke) a shower /he v 0

'Jao, (r)1have a rest /htev o 'rest/li e down /lar 'da u nlli e in / Ia t ' 101

look after (ch ildren ) Ilok 'o:fl, (r)1(ma ke / prepare) meals Imi:lzI(have a I take a) nap /nrep/provid e (for t he fam ily) /pra'va td/put o n (clothes) Ipot 'onlraise (ch ildren) Irelzl

W ORD BANK 141

run the home l,fAn 0;1 'haem/set off I set 'oflsha re the chores (with sb) I Je, I),

'tIo:zIstay up late I,stel Ap 'len/take (the ch ild ren to school /the

dog for a walk ) Itetk!take ca re (of ch ild ren) /terk 'ke, (r)1take turns (to do housework) /terk

'ta mz/travel (to school /to wo rk) "tra vl/vacuum "ve kj uorn/wake up /werk 'Aplwalk (to school / to work) Iwo:kl

Special days

anniversary /eent'varsari/hest man /best 'ma-n/birthday ca ke "bs.udc r kerk/bonfire I'bonfal, (r)1Bonfire Night (BrE) "bnnfata nan/bouquet /bu'kcr/bride /brard/bridesmaid "brardzmerd/ca nd le I'k",ndll(Christmas / birthday) ca rd Iko :dlce leb ra te (a birthday) "selabrett/(have a) celebrat ion /selo'brerj n/cerem on y "seramani/christening "krtsnuj /Ch rist m as "krrsmas/Ch rist m as Eve l,knsmJs ' i:vlch urc h ItI 3:tI Idecorate (the Ch ristma s t ree)

f'dekJrenldress up / dress up as Idres 'AP I

dres 'AP ~zl

Easte r l' i:sto(l)1en joy (oneself) Im'd3Jr/family gathering l ,f",m, li 'g", l), rIQIfestival f' fesuvUfuneral f' fju:nJfJUget-together I'gelt' gel), (r)1(b ride) groom Igru :m/Halloween /helco' im /have a good time I, ha~v d god

'ta irn/have fun /hev 'fAnlhoneymoon "hxn imu m/light (a candle / spa rklers / a

bonfire) /la It!look forward to (sth) Ilok 'forwod

t, 1m aid of honour I,meld JV ' on~( r)1

Nati on al Holiday /nrejnl 'hnlcdet/New Year's Day I nj u: j taz 'del!New Year's Eve Inj u: jraz 'i :vl(give get) presents I'preznts/registry office f' red3lstri ofIs!sparklers "spotklaz/Thanksgiving (A m E) 1'0"'QksglvlQIwedding I' wed lQIwedding reception "wednj n .sepj n/(bride 's / bridegroom 's) witness

z'wnncs

142 WORD BANK

2 People andsocietyPersonal information

ag e leldycitizen I'sltIznlcitizenship "stttznj rp/date of birth I ,delt , v 'b3:01female ((ormal) I' fi:merllgender (fo rma l) I'd3cnd, (r)1job Id30bloccupation «(ormal ) /nkja'pctj n/male (t iJr/na/) /metl/man / (pI) men limen 1 mcnlnationality ImeJ' na:b tilpeople (PI) I'pi:pl/person f'p3:snlplace of birth l,plelS ' v 'h3:01profession /pra'fej n/sex «(onnal) Iseks/woman I (pi) women f'wOI11~n I

'w tmm/

Marital status

divorced /d r'varst/marital status " mrernl .stcttas/married "me nd/separated "separertrd/single I'sll)gllunmarried IAn'01x ndlwidow "wtdao/widower f'wld ~ud( r)1

Descril:!ing people

appearanceattractive /a'trtekt rv/beautiful I'bju:t1Wgood-looking I'godloklQIelegant I'elog, nt!handsome "he nsarrvpretty I'prni/scruffy I'skrAfilugly I'Agli/unattractive IAnJ' trcektlvl

ageadolescent /azdc'lesnt/elderly "eldali/in (h is / her) early twenties 1103:li 'twenttz/in (h is / her) late forti es 110 lcn'Ix uz/in (his / her) mid-thirties 110mid 'OJ:nzlmiddle-aged /rmdl 'erdgd/young Ij AQI

heightaverage height l , rev~md3 'halt!medium height /'rui.diam halt!short II J:t!tall Ito:l/

buildathletic l<eO'leliklchubby l ' tI Abilch un ky tin fonnat) l ' tI AQk ilfat I f", tlfit Ifltl

have a good figure I ,ha:v a gud'flg,(r)1obese /a' bi rs/overweight IJovJ 'wenl(have a) paunch IpJ:ntIIplump /plam p/skin ny i intonnat, I'skmilsli m Ishm!stocky I'stoki!thin 10101well-b u ilt "welbtlt/

hairbald Iboldlblonde (A IIIE blond) Iblondlfair Ifc;'l(r)1curly 1'k3:li ldark Ido :kld yed /da td/fin e /fam/ginger I'd3md3~( r )1

grey Igrel Ifringe Ifrmdyhave a haircut I,ha:v ;) 'hcokxt/hi ghlights (PI) I'haJlansllong ~ oQI

m edium-length 1' l11 i :d i~m. leI) O!

natural I'nx tJrJl1parting I'po:tll)lred Iredlplaits (1'1) Ipl"" SIpony-tail "paonitetl/short II J:llshoulder-length n , old', 1eQOIspiky "sparki/straight /strcn/thick 10,k!thin lOIn!wavy I'welvi!white Iwalt!

facebeard I'blod/birthmark "ba.Bmo rk/black / white blek I wan/bushy eyebro ws l ,bo I i 'a tbraoz/ch eekbones I' tIi:kb, onzlclea n -sh aven "klim.jervn/(clea r / good / h ealthy)

complexion /kam'plckjn/dark (skin / co m plex ion) Ido:kldistinguishing features ((orlllal )

IdIS,liQgWIIIQ 'firtjaz/facial features I' felII ,fi:tI'zIfair (skin / co mplexion) I fe, (r )1freckles I'freklzlgoatee IgJo 'ti:!m oustache /mc'sturj/(poi n ted / flat / snub) nose

In~uzl

pale (skin / co mplexion) IpcJlIsca r Isko:(r )1side burns "sardbainz/tanned (skin / complexion)

/ncnd/tattoo It <e 't u:1wear glasses I sp ectacles Iwea

'q lu.s rz I 'spektaklz/wrinkles "rnj klz/


Body

hod y partsa rm j' o:ml

ha ck "brek/bottom /'botmlbreast I' brestlca lf I' ko :flcheck I' tJi:klchest l ' tJestlch in I' tJmlea r l ' I:>( r )!

elbo w "elboo/eye I'al!eyebrow I'albraoleyela sh l' ail;eJIfinger !'fIDgo(r)1fingernail 1'f1 1)9:lnelllfist !'f,stlfoot (1'1 feet ) !'fotlfore head I' fo:bedlh and /' h<endlhea d I' bedlheel I'hi:11hip 1'1111'1jaw l 'd30:1knee I'ni:!leg I'legllips (1'1) I'hps!lower hack "lcoo 'b.ek/midriff "nudn f/mouth j ' m ao OI

ne ck I'neklnose I 'n;m z)

palm (of hand) I'po:m!shoulder I' Joo ldo(r )1sk in I'skmlstomach I' slAITI ;)klthigh /Oal/throat 19r;lotlth umb 10" m!toe I t ;:lolto ngu e / t AI)/

tooth (1'1teeth) I tu:OItummy (i llfom w l) I 'L\ mi/trunk I t r" Dklw ai st /wclstlwrist Ifl st!

in side the bodyartery I' o :t :>r ilbackhon e "bekbao n/bone /baon/co lla rbo ne "k nlabaun/flesh lOeJIheart Iho:t!kidney "krd ni/liv er I'hv;)(r)!lung 111\ 1)/muscle l 'm l\Sl!nerve In3:v/nervous syst em I'n3:\';)$ srstam/rib In blshoulder bl ade i'Jooldo bletd/skeleton I'skelnnlsku ll Isk" l/spine /spatn/tendon I' tend:m!vein IvemJ

Descr ib ing personality

adven turous /ad'ventjcras/agg ressive /c'q rcstv/a m hit io n /rcm'b tj n/amhitious /zem'b tjcs/amusing 1:'l'mju:zll)/a rro ga n t l'a:r~Jn tl

bad-tempered I'boed ,lempodlbiased "barest/boastful "baostfol/boring l 'bJ:n l)lhossy (il/(orllla/ ) I' bosilbra ve /b rcrv/b rig h t /bnut/broad-minded /brord'm amdrd/ca lm I ko:m!candid I'k<endldlcarefree "keofrir/ca reless I' k e~ I JsJ

cha rac terist ics (pI) /krerrktc'r tstrks/charm ing I' tJo:mll)/chatterbox (intormat; I' tJ'etobokslch atty I' tJ;et ilcheerfu l I' tJlofilclever I' k levo(r )1conceited /kon's imd/crue l "krural/d ependable /dt'p endabl/determined /dt't aimmd/dishonest /drs'omst/di sloyal /d rs'Iaral/dull Id,,11easy-going l i:zi'g;)o ll)legoist (noun) l' eg Jo lstlex t rovert /'c kstrcvan/fair Ifeo(r)/frank Ifr;eDklfriendly l'frendlilfu n ny I' fAnilge n ero us I' d3en~r~s1

ge n tle /'d3entl/good-natured Igod 'neltJodlgullible I'g,\hbllhard-working "hctdwaiknj/helpful I'helpfilhonest l' onJstlhypocritical /h tpa'k rtt tkl/idle «(0rl/ U1 1) I'ald\!ill -mannered I' lIm..enod/immature IIrnJ 'toJ( r)1impartial IlIn 'pa :JIIimpatient /tm'perjnt/impolite /rmpa'lan/in dependen t /mdt'pcndant/insecure Imsl'kjo J(r)1intelligent /m'tehdgant/intolerant /m'tulo rant/irresponsible /ms'pcnscbl/irritable "trttabl/judgemental Id ;).\d3'mentlljust Id j.\ st!kin d Ik amdlla zy I' lclzillivel y "Ia tvli/lo yal 1'101011make an impression I,mclk :m

tm'prejn/m ature Im~' tjo:'l( r )1

m ean Imi:nl

m essy I' rncsilmodest "modrst/narrow-minded z.mcrao 'mamdrd/nast y I' no:st ilneat Ini:tlnice 10:.1IsIobedient /o'bkdiom/o pe n I'Jo pn!outgoing l' <l o tgJUII)Ipersonality /parsan'a ilat i/pl easant I' plczntlpolite /pa'l a rt/quiet I' kwal:'lt/rea sonable r' ri.znobl/rebellious /rt'beljas/rel axed /n' hekst/reli able /rr'larabl/reserved /rt'zarvd/responsible /rt'sponsabl/rude l ru :dlruthless I' ru:Ob slse lf-assu red l ,selfo'Joodlself-centred l,seIrsent:xJ1self-co nfiden t l ,seIrk onfldJntlself-conscious l ,se lr konJJslselfish I'selflJIselfless "selflas/se nse of humour I,sens av

'hju:mo(r)1sensible "sensabl/short -tempered IJo:t 'tempodlshy /jat/sociab le I' s, oJ, bllstrict Istn ktlstrong-willed /strmj'wrld/stubborn I' s t Ab~nl

sweet Iswi:tlsympathetic /srmpa'Ueuk/ta ctful " trektfl/tactless I' ta;k t l~sl

talkative I' t:>:kJu vlte m pera men t "tempromant/tidy I' tmdiltolerant I' t o l~rJntl

trait It renltrustworthy l 'trAstw3:o i!two-fac ed I' tu:felstlunfriendly /'\ n 'frendlilu n pleasa n t IAn 'pleznt/unreasonahle IAn ' r i :zn ~bll

unreliable IAlln 'l<tIJ bllunscrupulous IAn'skru :pj J IJslunselfish !An'selfIJIva in Ivemltake aft er (one 's father I mo ther I

gran dfather) / terk 'o:fto(r)1

Things you wear

accessories /ak' sescri.z/a nklet I'reDklot!anorak I '<cn:mck!bag Ib ,eglbelt Ibeltlbl ouse Iblaoz!boots Ibu:tslboxer sho rt s (1'1) I' bokso Jo:ts!bra Ib ro :!b racelet I' bre l s l~tI

briefcase I' bri:fkelsl

Words in blue suggested for the High er level WORD BANK 143

butto n I'bAlnlcap I k,eplca rdiga n I' k a :d lg ~nl

casua l (clothes) 1'k<e3001lchange (clothes) I II emdy'checked (sh irt) /tj ekt/(elega n t / smart ) clothes (pi)

Iklooozlcoat /kau t/collar I' kolo(r )1corduroy I'L):dr.)1!cotton I' kotnlcuff IkAfldenim I'demmldress Idrcsldressing-gown "drcsnjquun/fashio nable I'f<cI nobllflat (shoes) m,et!formal (clo thes) I'fo:mllget dress ed /qet 'drest!get undressed Igct ...n'drestlg lasses (PI) I'glu:slzIg loves (1'1) IgIAVzIhandbag (AmE pu rse) I 'h<cob<cglha t /han/hi gh hee ls (1") /har 'hi:lzIjacke t I'd3'ekltljeans (pi) Id3i:nzljew ellery l'd3uolriljumper I' d3Amp~( r )!

kil t IkI1 tlknickers (pi ) (AmE pi panties)

1'llIk;l7Jleather 1'lc() :J(r )1lin en 1' 1111 1111mack in to sh (informal ma ck)

I' nuek III t0 JInecklace I'neklJslnightdress (informal nightie)

" nund rcs/out of fas hio n laut ov 'frejn/outfit I'aotfulovercoat I';JUVJkJut!pants (1'1) (AmE 1'1 under pants)

/pam ts/patterned I' p,elondlp lain /plcm/pocket I' poklt!polo -n eck (AmE tu rtleneck)

" pcol co nck/pullover I' pol~uv;)( r )/

pu rse Ip3:sIp u t o n (clo thes) Ipot 'on!p y ja m as (1'1) /pt'dgurmaz/raincoat " rcmkoot/sa nda ls (pi) "srendalz/scarf Isko:flsh irt 1I 3:11shoe II lI :1shorts (1'1) II o:l slshrink II fl Dklsilk ISl lklsize IS<'lIzJ

sle ev e Isli:vlsleeveless "slitvlas/slippers (pi) "shpcz/smart casual (clothes) I,sma:t

' k,c30, 1Isock Isoklspo tted "spend/

144 WORD BANK

stockings (1'1) "stukujz/st riped (sh irt ) /st rarpt/stripes (pi ) /stra tps/suede ISWCldlsuit I su:tlsweate r I'swctJ(r)!sweatshirt "swetja.t/swim m ing costume "swrmm

,kostju:mIswim ming trunks (pI) I'swlmuj

,tr.... IJ kslswimsuit "swtmsurt/ta ke off (clothes) /terk 'of!tartan I' to:tnltie Italltights (1'1) /tans'tracksuit "tne ksun/t ra iners (1'1) (AmE pi sneakers)

/' rrcmoz/t ro users (PI) (AmE 1'1 pants)

I'traOZJ7JT-sh irt I' ti:J3:11umbrell a l ....m'brcla/underwear l'....ndoweotr )'V-neck I'vi:ncklvest Ivestlwaistcoat (AmE vest) "werstkao t/w ea r (sth) Iwe, (r )1wool Iwollwoollen "wolan/z ip (AmE zipper) IZlplback-to-front l , ba: k l ~ ' frA n tl

inside-out 1,1I1saHJ'aotl

Feelings and emot ions

admire l~d ' m <'lI ;l( r}!

adore /;) 'dJ:(r)1a frai d (of) /o'Ircrd/amazed /a'm erzd/a n g ry (with sb) I' <C Dgr ila nxio us I' <CDkI oslastonished IJs'tomJtIbad m o od /bied 'mu:dlbe a ttracted (to sb) Ibi a't rrekttd Ibe en th us ias t ic (about sth) Ibi

mBj uczi'tesuk/be fo nd of (sb) Ibi 'fond ,vlbe keen o n (sth) Ibi 'ki:n onlbewildered /bi'wrldod/bitter I' bll , (r )1bored I bo:dlca lm down Iko:m 'daon!ca n't stand Ika :nt 'sta nd/d elighted /dr'lattrd/depressed /d t'p rest/despise /drs'patz/detest /d r' tcst/di sappointed /d tsa'pomnd/di slike /drs'la tk/emotio nal /r'maoj nl/excited /rk'samd/exhausted / rq'za.strd /fall in lo ve (with ) l,f, :1 10 'IAVIfe d lip (with sth) Ifcd 'Aplfeel down jfi:1 'daonlfrightened /Tran nd/frustrated /fras't rertrd/gloomy I'glu:milgood mood /qod 'mu:dl

hap p y I' h,epilhate /hcn/hide one's emotio ns I,hald wanz

r'moo jnz/hostile I'host;.ullidolise "ardolatz/in sen sitive Im'SCnSJlIVIlike /lark/loathe 11:>001lonel y 1'1, 0nlilloo k down on (sb) Ilok 'daon on!look u p to (sb) Ilok 'AI' 101lo se one's te mper 1,lu:z wa nz

' tempatr j/lo ve I l.wlmel an ch oli c /mclan'kuhk/mind one's own business I,mamd

wxnz dun 'brzms/m ise ra b le "mrzrcbl/m oody I' mu:d ilmoved Imu:vdlon top of the world (iuformal) Ion

,top :'w OJ 'warld/over th e moon (informal) 1,:w \'J OJ

'mu:n/o ve rwhe lme d /cu vc'wclmd/reluctant /r t'Ia k tant/respect (verb) In'spcktlrespect (1101111 ) In 'spcktlrestless "rcstlos/scared /skcod/sensitive " scn sonv/senti me nta l /scn u' mcntl/surprise d /sa'pra tzd/te rrified (of sth) "tcnfurd/th rilled (With sth) IO" ldltired "ta tcd/touched I L\lI IIweary I'wlJrilworried I'wAndl

Countries

abroad /a'b ro.d/ana rc hy l'<enJkilbord er I'b, :do(rllbo unda ry "baundar i/cit izen I'slt!znlcitizens hip I'sulznJlplcount ry I' k....ntrildictator Idlk' tello(r)!dictatorsh ip /dtk't ettajrp/do mest ic /da'm esttk/em igrate "ermqren/ern tgrat lon /er m'qrerj n/empire I'cmpaIJ(r)1ex ile I'cksaJiIforeign /'formlforeigner I'formJ(r)1frontier I'frAntl;l(r)1home co untry "haem kant ri/homeland "hac mhend/Immigration /trm'q rctj n/immigrati on policy /mu'q rerj n

.p olosi/independen ce /mdr'pcndons/independent /mdi'pcnd ant /in digenous Im'dld3:lnJslinhabitant /m'ha-brtant/internal Im't3:n:J1I


kingdom l 'k l l)d :Jmllocal l ' l, ok llmonarchy "m nnaki/nation "nerjn/national I'n.rJn:J1Inational anthem l ,mcJn~1 'a:nO;)m!national flag l ,n<eJn:Jl ' fl .rglnationality /nreja'nrelati/overpopulated /ac va'pnpolerud/overpopulat ion 1,;w v:lpopjo 'lcIJnlpolitical asylum /pa.l tt rk l a' satlam/

(den sely / heavily / sparsely /thickly) populated "popjolemd/

population /pnpjo'I ctjn/province " provms/refugee /rcfju'dgir/region l ' r i:d3;)nlregional I' ri :d3~n l!

republic /rr'pebhk/royal famil y ID I:J1 ' fieml i/ro yalty "roralti/state Isteulthe people 10' 'pi:pll

Politics

act (of pa rliame n t) /rekt/ambassador l.rm ' b;cs~~( r)1

activist I' C:CktlVIstlagitator l' a:d 3 I t e u~( r)1

anarchist I\cn~kistl

hill (of parli am ent) /brl/cabinet minister "k.ebma t

,mll1 lst:,)(I')1cha m ber (o f pa rliame n t)

I' IJcnnb,( r)1city co unci l I ,sn i 'ka unscl/city hall /.sni 'hJ:1!civil servant 1,51\"1 'ss.vont/

com m un ist " komjomst/Co ngress I'kol)greslCongressm a n / Congresswom a n

(USA ) " konqrcsman I'kmjq reswo man/

Con servati ve (BrE also Tory)/kcn'sarvouv/

constituency /kan's nt uonsi/con st it ut ion /konst t'tj urj n/debate /dt'ben/democracy /d t'ru nkrasi/democrat "derna krret/democratic /derne'k ne uk/demonstrate "demanstrctt/demonstration (info rmal de mo)

/dcman's trcrjn/diplomat "dtplarruet/elec t io n /i' lekJnIem bassy "embosi/general el ection l ,d3cnr~ 1 t'Iek jn/gover n I'gA,,;)n!government (A mE ad ministra tio n)

l ' g Av~nm;)n tl

head of state I ,hed ;)v 'stctt/House of Commons (UK) I,haus ;)v

'k 0J11Jn7J

House of Lords (UK) I,haos ov'Io:dzl

House of Representatives (USA)l,h,IOS ;)V reprt'zentatrvz/

introduce a law l,mtr;Kjj u:s ;) 'Io: I

Words In blue suggested fo r the Higher level

King Ik IQ!law 110:1left-wing I' lef lwlQIlegislate l'Ied31SIeltllegislation lled3ls' lclJnlliberal "hbral/local ele ction 1,l, okl t'Iekjn/local government !,I~ok l

'qxvonmom/Mayor I' mcI;){r )1minister I'mmlstd(r)1Ministry (of Defence / Finance /

Foreign Affairs / Hom e Affairs)"mnus tri/

MP tBrl: Member of Parliam ent)lem'pi:1

opposition /opa'z tjn/party m ember I'pa:ti .mcmbatrl/policy (on sth) I'polosilpolitical leader /pc'hn kl ,li:d:>(r)1political party /pa'Irukl ,po:tilpolitical system /pa'h trk l .srstam/politician /pnla't rjn/politics r'potenks/President /' prezrdont/Prime Minister (PM) I,pralm

'mtrustal r j/Qu een I kw i:nlradical "rtedrkl/referendum /refa'rendom/reform In 'form/Representative (USA ) /reprt'zcntat tv/republican /n'pebhku/resign In 'zamlresignation /rezrq'nerj n/nght-wlng "ranwnj/rule (wrb) !ru :11secretary (of sta te) "sekrcrr i/Senate (USA) I'sen, tISenator (USA) I'sen, I>(r)1(i n ) session I'seJn!Shadow Ca hin et (UKj 1.J:cd, o

'krebma t/sitting I'slu l)1socialist I' s ;)uJ~hst!

Speaker (of the Parliam ent)I'spi:b (r)!

takeover l ' telb o v;)(r )1term I t3:1111the Ca binet 10' 'kiebmat/the intelligence service l o i

m't ehdj ons ,53:VISIthe secret service 10 :J .sbkrct 'S3:VISItown councillor Itaon 'kao nsJIJ(r)/

vote IVJotl

Economy

bank account "benk akaont/black m arket I ,bl:<k 'murkn/budget I'bAd31t1business "brzrus/change ItJell1dyco in I k .J1Il1co m m erce "koma.s/crash !kneJ!currency l' kAr;)nsildebt /dct/devaluation (of currency)

/d irva -lj u'etj n/

economic (gro wth I decline)/ekc'n onuk/

(growing I decl in ing) economy/ r'k nnami/

exchange rate !Ik'stJemd3 rcn /finance I'fam;cnslfree-market econo my l ,fri : murktt

r'knnami/fund IfAndlgross national product (GNP )

l ,grJos mejonl 'p r rxl.vkt/income "mkxm/industry /'mdastri /inflation /m'flct jn/invest /tn'vest/investment /m'vcstmant/market I 'mo :k ltl(ban k)no te In, 0I1payment "permont/rate of inflation I, ren J V m'flc tjn/recession /rt'sej n/sa ve Isclvlspend /spend/tax / treks/trade deficit "trcrd defrsn /workforcc I' w3:k fJ :sl

3 Sh~ps andservicesFood

meatbacon "berkn/beef !bi:flch icken I'tJlklnlco ld cuts " kcold kat s/game Igcmtfgammon I'g;cmdl1lham Ib'em/lamb Ihcml(fatly / lean) m eat Imi:tImeatball "mi.tbx l/mince (minced meat ) /mms/mutton l' mAtnlpork !po:klpoultry "paoltri/red meat I' red mi. t/salami /sa'knmi/sausage I'sosld:y'(well done / med ium / rare) steak

/stctk/turkey I'IJ:kilveal Ivi:1Ivenison I'venlsnlwhite m eat "wan mi :tl

fishca rp Iko:plcatfish I'k<c lflJIcod I kodlfillet I' fIinlfish and c hips l,flJ end 'tjrps/haddock "h tedak/herri ng "hcrnj/lobster l 'lobst, (r)!mackerel I'm.ckr;)l!mussels (pi) "mx slz/oyster /' ;:)(st;1(r )1

WO RD BANK 14S

pike /patkperch IP3:tIIp rawn I prJ:nlsalmon I' sa~m~n/

sardine Iso:'di:n/seafood I'si:ru:dlscampi I'sk,cmpilshell fish !'Jcl f lI Itrout Itrao t!tuna I' tj u : n~1

dairy product sbutter I' b,\ t~( r )/

(ma ture / mild) cheese III i:z!c heese sp read ItJi:z 'spredlco ttage cheese I'koud3 ,tIi:z!cream Ikri:m1c rea m c heese I' kr i:m lIi:zJgrated cheese I'grcltlJ tJi:zJice c rea m 1',115 kri: m/margarine Ima :d3;l'ri:n/(fu ll / semi-skimmed / skim med)

milk /m tlk/milksh ake "rrulkjerk/yogu rt I'j og~t/

bread(white / brown / wholemeal / rye)

bread Ihrcdlc ro issa n t " krwa.so/loaf (1'1 loaves) o f bread /lao f' av

'bred/roll Ir~ol!

pasta l 'pa:stJ/pitta bread "pua bredlsli ced (bread / Ioaf) /sla rs t/toast /toost/

sweet foodbirthday ca ke I'b3:0deI kerk/biscuits (A mE cookies) "brskus/brown ie I'brao nilca ke /kcrk/cheeseca ke I' tI i:zkeIkl(single / double / whi pping)

crea m I kr i:mI(apple) cru m b le "krxrnbl/dessert (RrE pudding) /d t'zart/ice crea m /' ;:115 kri:m/mincemeat (BrE ) I'mmsmi:tJ(apple) pi e Ipat!whipped crea m I,Wlp l 'kri:m1have a swee t tooth z.hrev a swi:t

'lu:OIthings added to food

herbs (1'1) /ha.bz/ketchup I' ketI Aplmayonnaise /mera'n erz/mustard I' mi\st:xiloil 1:)11/paprika /pc'p rkko/parsley I'po:slil(black) pepper I'pepo(r )1salad dressing "selod dresm/salt ISDItIspices (1'1) "spatsrz/sugar I ' Jog~( r)1

tomato sauce /ta.muttoo 'secs/vinegar l 'vlll lg:>( r )/

fruitsapple I' « pllapricot I'clpn kotl

146 WO RD BANK

banana /ba'n uma/blackherry I' bkekb:>ri/blueberry I'blu:boril(sweet / so ur) cherry "tjeri/coco n u t I'b o b ni\t/(b lack / red ) currant I'k.\IOnllgooseberry I'gozbJrilgrape /q rctp/grapefruit "q rctpfrurt/kiwi I' ki:wi:/lemon I' lcm:>n!lime /la rm/mango I'miCl)gJu!melon z'meton/o ra nge I'ormdypea ch Ipi:IIIpear l peo(r)1pineapple I'pama:pllplum IplAmlraspberry I'ro:zb;lrilstrawberry I'str;,:bJrilwatermelon I' \\'o : t ;lme l ~n/

vegetablesasparagus /:Js' piC r~Js/

auhergine (AmE eggplant )I' JOb3:3i:nl

avocado !<cV:'l'ku:dJol(green) beans (1'1 ) /bimz/broccoli "brnkcli/cabbage I'k« bid:)!carrot l' k,Cf:lt/cauliflower l 'knIIOa uJ(r)/celery "s elori/cou rgett e (A wE zucch ini)

I b :'3et!cucumber "kj urkx mbatr j/garlic I'gu:hklleek Ili:kllettuce "lens/mushroom I' mAJromlonion 1',\ njJnlparsnip I'po:smplpepper I'pepo(r )1potato Ip~ ' ICU~ol

radish l' " edIIIrice /ralslsweetcorn "swbtkccn/tomato I td 'mo:l~ol

turnip I' t3:mpl

Quant it ies

bag (of flour) Ib<eglbottle (of juice / m ilk) "bctl/box (of choco lates) Ibokslcan (of lem onade / co la) Ik« olcarrier bag " ke no , b;:(~gl

carton (of juice / milk) I'ko:lnljar (of jam / honey) Id30 :(r )1loaf of bread J.I~of av 'bredlpacket (of biscuits / crisps / cerea l)

I' p<ekIlItin of (sa rd ines) 1,1In »vttub of (margarine) l ,lAb ovt(3) kilos (of potatoes) I'ki:l, oz!(200) grams (of cheese) /qnemz/(half a) litre (of milk) 1'l i :l o(r )1

Meals

be full Ibi ' foilbe hungry Ibi ' hA IJ ~J r i l

clear the table I ,klra 00 'tctbl/course I k;:>:slea t out li:t 'aut/helping I' he l p l ~1

la y the table 1,Iel 00 'terbl/meal Imi:l/packed lunch /piekt ' IAotI Ipicnic "prkruk/snac k Ismc k!tea Iti:1working lunch IW3:kll) 'IA01JI

Restaurants

typcs of rest aurantsbuffet ca r "bufc: ko:(r)1canteen /kren' ti .n/cafe I' k:cfc llcafeteria /ktefa't raria/fast food restaurant l ,fo:Sl 'fu:d

rcstrn nt/pub IpAblself-service restaurant /sclf' saivrs

.restront/snack bar I'sn:ck hu:(r)/take-away "tcrkcwer/

in a restaurantbeverage (fc>r1llaf) " bcvcn dybill IbIlIhook a table (A m£ reserve a table

/ ma ke a reser vation) I,bo k J

'tetbl/m ain cou rse I,mem 'kccs/menu I'menju:1order (sth) 1'0:do(r )1self-service /self'sa.vrs/service I' S3:VISIservice chargc 1'53: \, 15 IJo:uy!sta rte r I' slo:t:J(r)1table service I' telbl S3:VlsItip (formal 1'1 gratuities) IIIplwaiter I'weu~( r )/

waitress I'wCItfJsIwine list I' wa m h 511

Shopping

types of sho psbaker's " berkoz/booksh op I'bokIoplbutcher's "botjoz/chain sto re l ' tJcm 5tJ :(r )1chem ist 's "kenusts/clothes shop I'klooOz Iopldeli catessen (infurmal deli )

/dehka't csn/department st ore /d t'portrnant

Slo:(r)1designer shop IUI'ZaIllJ(r ) Jnp lDIY store Idi: (1 1 'war st;,:(r)/fishmonger 's I' fIJ01AIJ9J7)furniture shop l' f3:l1I tJ:I Joplgreengrocer's 'qrimqraosaz/grocer's "qraosaz/market I'mo:kulnewsagent's I' nj u:zc1d3:Jntsloff-liccnce "nf'larsons/

Wor ds in blue sugges ted fo r the Higher level

shoe shop l'J u: Joplsta ti o ner's "sterjanaz/supermarket "su.pcmc.ku/

going sh oppingbargain I'ba:gmlbroken "brcok nzbrowse /brauzJbuy in t he sa le I,ba l III cb 'sed/cash I ka:JIch angin g room I' tJemd311] ru:mlchec kou t "tjekaot/c us to mer I'kAstJrna(r)!d iscoun t "drskaont/exchange (st h for sth)

/ rks't j cmdg/fit (verb) I flufitt i ng room t full) ru:m/free (of charge) I fri :1ge t money back I,get mxni 'btek/get a re fund I,get J 'ri:fAndlgo shop ping /qoo 'Jopl!)1h a ve (st h ) in stock I,hrev In

'stok/look fo r (sth) l 'lok fo(r)1match Irnre tJIout of stock /aot J\' 'stok/pa y (cash / by credi t card / by

cheque) I pcIIre d uced /rt'djuist/return (goods to the shop)

/rt't ain/sa le Iscil/shop ass is tan t "[ op o.srstont/size (I'm a size 12. / It's the righ t

size.) Isarz./special offer l.speJI 'of* )1su it (verb) Isu:usu pe rma rke t t roll ey

/ ,su:pamo:klt 'troli/t ill It IlItoo (sma ll / tigh t / loose) Itu:1t ry on (clothes) /trar 'on!work fW3:k/

Advertising

a dvertise I'<edvatalzla dve rt(isem ent) (in formal ad)

l' :.edv3:tlbillboard I'bllbo:dlbrochure I'brooJo(r)1(advert ising / marketing) ca m paign

/ktem'pem/(rad io / TV) co m m ercial Ib 'm3:JIIhoarding I' h::>:dIIJIleaflet I'li:notlmarket research I,mo:kn rt'sanj/place / put a n advert isem en t (in a

ma gazin e / a newspaper) /plers I.po t an od'va.usmont/

pos ter I'pousto(r)1publicity Ip., b' lIsotilslogan 1' , Iougonl

Banking and insurance

(bank) accou nt /a'kaunt/account holder /o'kaont ,houldo(r)/app ly (for a loa n) /a'plat/ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)

lel ti: 'em/

Wo rds in blue suggested for the Higher level

cash m achine I'kreJ mJ,Ji:n/ch eq ue book I'tJek boklcurrent account " kxront a.kau nt/cred it ca rd holder "kredrt ka:d

,hooldo(r)1debit card "debit ka:dlgrant (a loan) /g ra :ntlin surance Im'JOJfJns!insured Im'Jo;xl/invest (in stock / shares / bo nds)

fm'vest!investment portfolio /tnvestmam

px t'Icoh oc /loan It w nlm oney transfer I'nlAni tn.cnsf3:(r )!mortgage i' mo:gldy'pa y interest / per 'mtrost/payoff (de bt / a loan) / per 'ofl(insura nce) premium "prkmiam/savings account I'SCIVII)Z a.kao nt/stockbroker "stukbraokatr j/stock market investor I,stnk mcrku

m'vestatrj/withdraw m oney l,wl() d rJ: 'mxni /

4 HomeTypes of housing

bedsitter (illformal bedsit)IbedSI to(r)1

bl ock of flats (A mE apa rtme ntblock) I,blok av 'fhets/

bungalow I'bAQgoloolco tt age I'kolIdy'det ached house /d r.tan j t 'haoslfarm h o u se I' fa :mhaoslflat (A mE apa rtment) lIla:tlpenthouse I'pcntha uslsem i-d etached house (AmE duplex)

/serrud t.ttet] t 'hauslskysc ra per I' skal skrel p~( r)1

terraced house (AmE town h ou se)l ,ler;}Sl 'haos!

tower block "taoa blokl

Size and condit ion

cra m ped / kne mpt/(fully) equ ipped /r'kwrpt/(fully) furnished 1'fJ:n1Jl!in (good / bad) co nd ition IIn

kon'drjn/part-furni sh ed I'pa:tf3:n1Juroomy I' ru:milrun -down /ran'd aun/spacious I'SpCISJS!tiny /' ta mi/unfurnished IAn'[3:0I1tlwell maintai ned /wet mcm'temd/with all modern conveniences

(informal mod cons) /WIO ,.:>:1m od o kan'vimransrz/

Location

ca p ita l (city) "kscput/city I' slt ilcou n trys id e " kxntrisaid/(the) coun t ry I'kAntril

co u n ty "kaunti/d is t rict "drstrtkt/farmland /fcrmkend/hamlet I'ha:mlouhome town /haom 'tac n/industrial zo n e /m'd xstrial zaon/inhabitant / tn'htebn cnt/in the cou n t ry (next-door)

neighbour I ,m 0;;1 'kxm ri 'nclb;}{r )!neighbourhood "ncrbohodro ld town I'Juld taunlouts kirts l' au tsk3:tS!provincial /pra'v mjl/remote /n'm aot/(ho liday) resort / r t'zan/rural I' ro~r;) 11

slums (PI) IsIAmzlsu burbs (pi) I'SA b3:bzltown Itaon!u rban 1'3:b;mlvi llage I'vllIdy'

In t he ho use

attic I' reuklbalcony "brelkani/basement I' bclsm:lntJcella r I'sel* )'ch im ney I' tJmm ildowns tairs /daon 'steoz/drain pipe "dretn parp/drive /d ra rv/fence /fenslfloor Ino:(r)/flo we rbe d "flaoobcd/ga rag e I'grero:y'(fron t / bac k) garden I' ga:dnlga te Igelulawn Ibm/letter box "le ta bokslloft 110ft!roof Iru:flstai rcase "sreokcrs/sta irs /ste~zJ

upst a irs Ihp'stC;)z}

wall I\\'~: II

(fro n t / back) ya rd (A ll/E) Ij a:dl

equipment / decoration

blind Iblamdlca rpe t I'ka :pluce ili ng I'si:hlJlcent ra l heati ng r.sem rol 'hirun/curt a in I'k3:tn!floor lno :(r)1lamp /le mp/light bulb "lan balb/net curt a in I ,net 'kann /radiator I' re ld le l t~( r)/

wi n dow sill I' wlOdJO sIllbathroom

ba th(tub) Iba:81laundry basket I' b :nd ri bc iskrt/mirror / 'mlr;"l(r)1plughole l' plAghoollra zo r I' rclz:l(r)!(elect ric) shaver I'Jelvo(r)1soap /saop/sha m poo IJ,em'pu:/

WORD BANK 147

shaver po in t I ' Je l v~ pomt /shower I'Jao, (r)1sponge Isp!lnd31tap Ita:pltiles (1'1) /ta tlz/toilet I' IJ I1~{1

toothbrush I' luObr!lJItowel rail I' taol rerl/wash basin " woj bcrsn/

bedroombed Ibedlbed sid e table /.bcd surd 'tetbl/b la n ket I' bl.cQk' l!bookshel f I'bok Jelflcha ir ItJe, (r )1chest of dra wers 1,lJesl ~v 'd rorz/dressing table "dresnj terb l/duvet "durver/lamp /leemp/pillow I'pIl, olru g I r!lgls heet IJi:l!wardro be 1'v.'J:dr;Jobl

sitt ing- room / liv in g-roomarmchair l' o :mtJe;J(r )1bookcase "bokkcrs/CD / DVD pla yer Isi: 'di : I di: vi:

'di: plel,( r)1cha ir ItJe, (r)1co ffe e tabl e I 'kofi tetbl/cush io n l' koJnlfireplace "fatoplcrs/furniture 1'f3:nltJd(r)1rug !r!ly lsettee Isc' l i:1sofa (A IIIE co uc h) "saofa/stereo "stcna o/tel evision se t l ' t el ~w l30 set!V CR (Video cassette recorder)

Iv i: si: 'u:(r)!wallpaper I'w, :lpelpo(r )1

kitchencoo ker I' koko(r)1cu p bo a rd " kebcd/dishwasher I'dIJwoJ, (r)1drain in g boa rd /' dremuJ b::>:dlfr eezer I' fr i :z~r)1

fridge Ifndy'kitchen table /krtj m 'tetbl/m ic rowave (oven) "rnarkrawcrv/o ve n I',w nlrefrigerator In 'fnd3.1relt.1(r)1ru n n ing water 1,T.\ OIIJ 'w::>:t;:l(r)1sin k ISIQklwashing m achine I'WOJII)

ma.j im/hall

back d oor /brek 'd, :(r)1coat hook "knot ho kldoorbell I'd, :bel!doormat I'd:'l:ma:tlfront door /frxnt 'd:'l:( r )1

Looking after a house

hroom Ibru:mlchange a Iighthulh l,tJcmd3 a

'Iau bxlb/decorate I'dckoreltlDIY (do-it-yourself) /dir a r 'wall

148 WORD BAN K

do housework Idu: 'haos wark/do up (a hou se, room ) (informal)

Idu: 'Apldustpan I'd!lsp<enlfix / frks/install I m'st:'l:11leak I l i :klmaintenance " mem tancns/mend Imcndlm op (the fl oor) /mop/paint /pernt/put (sth) in /put '101redecorate /rir'dekarert/repair In 'peo(r )1tile (verb) / ta rl/vacuu m cl eaner "va-kj uam kli:n.1( r)1

Leaving and returning toyour house

(be) at home I' t 'boom/be in Ibi 'mlco m m ute (to wo rk, school)

/ka'rnjun/feci homesick Ili:l 'hcomsrk/get home Igct 'haom/go home Ig;)o 'hoo m/go out Ig;)() 'aotllock (up) Iloklmove house /m u:v 'haos/move in Imu:v 'm/move out Imu:v 'ao tlstay in /stc: '1111

Renting and buying' selling ahome

accommodation /aknma'detj n/(elec t ricity ' gas ' telephone ' uti lity)

bill /btl/co u nci l tax (U K) I' kaonsl treks/

deposit /d r'pozu/esta te agent (A mE rea lto r) /t's tert

eld3~ntl

flatmate (A mE roommate )"fl.etmen/

for sa le I f, 'setl/furni shed I'f3:mJtlinclusi ve /m'k lutstv/interest rate "mtrost ren /landlady "kendlerdi/landlord I'hondb :dllet (a fla t ' a house) (A mE ren t out)

I lel!lodger I' lod30(r )1lodgings I'Iod31QVpay the rent l,pCI O~ 'rent!p.c.m. (pe r ca lendar month) Ipi: si:

'emlp.m . (pe r mon th) I pi: 'emlp .w . (pe r wee k) Ipi: 'dxbl ju :1property (AmE real estate) "prnpati/rent I rentlshare (a room , flat ) IJe, (r)1show (sb) round the house 1.J;m

rau nd O:l 'hues /sign (a lease / a con t rac t) Isamltake out a mortgage I ,terk au t a

'm, :gldy'tenant "tenant/

to let (A mE 10 ren t ) /tu 'let /unfurnished IAn'f3:IlIJtlviewing I' vj u:IIJI

5 NatureWeather

general impressionawful /,, :01bad /ba-d /beautiful I'bju:lJfIIblue Iblu:Jboiling (inforlllal) l 'b, i1 'QIch illy I' IJililclear sky /khc 'ska J!close I k l;lUs!cloudy I'klaodilco ld /koc ld/drought Idraotldry spell I'dra l spel/dull Id AIIfine Ifamlfog I f oglfoggy I' fogilgo rgeous l'g;,:d3:>slheat Ihi:tlheatwave I'hi:twclvlhorrible "horcbl/hot Ihotlhumid "hju .mrd/humidity /hj ur'nudati/lovely I'Lw lilmist /nus t/misty J'01 lst ilnice Ina[slovercast " covcko.st/scorching I'sk;,:tJIIJIsu nny l'sAnilterrible I' ten bllwarm IWJ:m1

rainy / wetbe so a ked /bi 'scu kt/d ew Idj u:1drizzle I'dnzl!flood m Adlhail Ihclllh ailst one " hcilstoon/lightning I' la' ImQIpuddle I'r Ad11pour down I' p;,: daonl(heavy ' ligh t) ra in Iremlraindrop J'rcmdroplra in fa ll I' remb :1!rainy I' rcmilshower /'fam (r)1sh owery "[aoori/soaking w et l , s~ok I IJ 'wctlsto rm /sto.m/thunder I'OAndo(r)1wet Iwetl

windyblow /bloo/breeze /br i.z'gale Igcillgale force wind /qcrl fc.s 'wind/hurricane J'h!lflknlstill IsIIlItornado /tor'nerdao/

Wo rds in blue suggeste d for the Higher level

wind y I 'wmdilsnowy

avalanche l' a:v~ l o : n t fl

blizzard z'bhzed /freeze If r i:zJfr eezing I'fri:zll)lfr eezing co ld (informal) Ifri:zlI]'kao ld/fr ost I f rostl

fros ty I'frostilice l alslicy "arsi/m elt Imeltlsleet Isli:t1slippery I' shp~ril

thaw 100:1weather fo recast

above ze ro IJ,b,\V 'zroreo/bel o w zero Ibl,IJO 'zrarau/changeab le I' tJcmd3Zlbllcl ear up Ikilo(r) "' pid egrees (Ce n t igrade = Celsius /

Fah ren he it) Id l'gri:zI(warm / co ld weather) front

I fr" nllmeteorology Im i : t I J ' rol~3il

m eteo rologist Im i : t1~ ' rol ;)d3Istl

pressure I'pccJJ(r)/temperature l ' t empr~lfJ(r)1

thermometer 1O;,! 'mOl11JtJ(r)1unsett led IAn'sctldlweather forecas t I'weo;) fa: k a:stlweather map I 'wcb;) nuep/ 'weather re port I'weoJ rt.pon /

c limatea utu m n (AmE fa ll) I' ;): l ;)ml

climate "k larrnat/harsh (climate) Iha:JIh ot /hnt/w arm /wonn/cold /kaold/cool Iku:11d ry /dra t/wet IwetJInd ian su m mer Ilmdi;)n 'sAI11;)(r )1mild /matld/m oderate c li mate /modorat

'kla rmat/season I'si:znlsp ring Ispn I]1su m mer /' s,\m;)( r)1

winter I'wmt~( r)1

Plants

b ra nch /bru.nt]?bush IbuJIfertiliser I' f3:tJi,lIZ;)(r)/flower I'Oao;)(r)/fruit I fru :tlfu n gus (pI fungi) I' f" qgoslgarden I'yo:dnlgrass Igro :slgreenhouse I'gri:nhaoslgrow plants Ig r;)o 'pla:ntsllea f (p i ieaves) Ili:flmoss Imoslpesticide "pcsttsatd/petal I' peti!pot plant 1'1'01 1'10:1111

Words in blue suggested for the Higher leve l

prune (verb) Ipru:nl

root I r u :tlseed Isi:dlso il IS;)III

sow Is;)ol

stem Istemlthorn 10;):nl

tree It ri:1trunk I t r .... l)k l

vegeta b le I'ved3lobi!w a te r (the plants) (verb) I'wo:lo(r)1weed Iw i :dl

weed k iller I'wi:dkllo(r)1wildlife I' walldlalfl

Animals

bird /ba.d/breed Ibri:dlcarnivore I' ka:mvJ:(r )1d omestic animal /do.mcsuk

'ennns l/ex ti nct / tk's tnj k t/extinction !Ik'stIl) kfnlfarm animal I' fo:m en rmol/feed 011 /' fi:d Dillfish !fI JIherbivore I' h3:bIV.J:(r)1herd Ih3:dlinsect I'mscktlmammal I' nla.~m ll

predator "predatatrl/prey /prer/repti le I'repta lilspecies (si llg ll lar) l 'spi:Ji:zI

Pets

bark (verb) Iba:klbat Ib'etlbowl Iboollcage Ikeld:;!ca nary /ko'neori/ca t flap I'ka:1 n,eplclaw Ikb :/coat Ik;)ot!collar I'kolo(r )1(ca t / dog / fish ) food I fu:dlfur I f3:(r )1gold fis h I'gooldflJIguinea pig I'gmi plglhamst er I' h,emsl , (r )1ho use-tra ined I'haostremdlkeep (a pet ) I k i:plkennel I' kenllkitten I' knnllead I l i:dlleash l li :JIlook a fter Ilo k 'a:fto( r )1muzzle I' m.\ zll

paw I po:1pedigree I' pedly r i:1pet shop "pet Joplpuppy I' PApilpurr Ip:,=(r )1rabbit "nc bn/rat I r<e tl

sn a ke /snerk/stroke (verb) /strook/turtle 1'13:111ve t (veteri nary su rgeon) Ivetl

wag (a tail) Iwa~gl

whine Iwaml

Environment

environmental damageacid rain !<csld 'rem/(bus h / forest) fire I'fal, (r )1become ex ti nct /br.kxm rk'sunk t/burn rubbish l ,b3:n 'fA blJIcar ex haus t fum es I ,ko :( r )

19'Z;):st fju:mzJcarbon di o xide I,ko:bn

dar' oksard /deforest ation I'di:fons,tclfnld estro y /d r'stror/di e o u t /dar 'aut/d rought Id rau tlea r th q uake 1'3:0kwelkleco-friend ly /itkoo'frend li/envlro n men ta lly fri endly

/mva tran.mentali 'frendlilflood m Adlglobal warming I,gloobl

'wu rmnj /

greenhouse effec t I'gri:nhaosr.fekt /

holes in the ozone layer /j i co lzm oi 'ao zoo n IC I;'!(r)1

landfill "Lendfrl/lead lli:dlleak I ldlnatural di saster I,n,ctf rol

d i'zo.statr j/natural habitat l,na:tf rJI

'hiebrttet/oil spill 1'011 spillozo ne hole " oozaon haul/pesticides "pcsusardz/polluted /pc'luud/pollution /pa'lurjn/sm og / sm eq/

green livingalternative (sou rces of energy)

!J: I' t3 : n~l lvl

bi odegradable /baroodt'q rerdabl/d isposa b le /drs'paozabl/energy-saving l'en~j-3i se lv l I]1

o rganic I ;):' g<.em kl

o rga nic fe r t ilisers IJ:,g<Cl1I k'fancla rzoz/

ozone-frien d ly "aozoc nFrendli/rec ycle /rir'sarkl/recycled /rir'sarkld/recycling /rir'sarkluj/returnable /rt'tamcbl/reuse (verb) I r i:'j u:zJsel ective recycling /sa.lektrv

rir'satklnj /sola r (energy / pow er) l 's, o lo( r )1so lar panel "soolo .p.enl/so rt rubbish 1,53:l 'rAblflun lead ed petrol IAn,lco J(j 'petrel/water power I'W3:tJ pao~( r )1

wind power l 'wlI1o pao o(r)1wind turbine I'wmJ ta.ba m

WO RD BANK 149

Studying at school

Goi ng to / leaving / f in ish ingscho o l

absence "ebsons/attend (schoo l / classes / a course)

"a'tcnd/a ttenda nce "a't endons/be abs en t I'bi 'e bscnt/be ex cl uded (fro m school) I'bi

tk'skl urdrd/he ex pelled (from school) I'bi

rk's pcld /be present I'bi 'prezntldrop out (fro m a co urse / fro m

school) I'drop 'ac t/ex p u ls io n I' lk'spAlJn/ge t / ob tain . . . I'gcl I ab 'tem/

a cert ifica te I'J sa'ufrkcva degree I'J dt'qrir/a diploma I'J dt'plcoma/

get into university I' ,get mtaj umt'varsati/

go to sc hool l' ,g;'lO ta 'sku:11grad ua te (fro m a univer sity)

"q nedj uen/leave sc hoo l I'Ii:v 'sk u:11play truant "pler 't ruront/register I'red3lstJ(r)/school leaver I'sku:1 li:vJ(r)1skip classes /'skrp 'klu tsrz/truancy "truansi/

be a t a class / lesson I'bi et J 'klo:sI lesn/

be in class I' bi 111 'klo :sIcop yboo k I'kopiboklcourseboo k I' b :sboklexercise- boo k "cksosa rz bok /deadline I'dedlamld o . .. I' du:1

an exercise I'Jn 'eksasa rz/a task I'J 'to:sklan act ivity I'Jn tek't tvat i/one's best I'WAI1Z 'bestlproject work I' prod3ekt wark/homework "hacmwark/

extra lessons "eksrra 'lcsnzJfolder rrooldo(r )1(do / get / give / set / hand in )

homework "hcomwaik/learn (sth / about sth ) I' la:nllearn b y h eart 1'13:n ba r 'bo:Iim ake . .. "merk/

mistakes " mrs'terks/notes "naots/a presentation I'J prezn'terjn/progress "praoqres/

marks I' mo:kslm emorise "mcmararz/notebook "naotbuk/pa rticipate " pc c'us rpcn/report I 'n 'p:>:tlsc hool t rip I'sku:l 'trtp/set books I'set 'bokslso lve a problem l' ,sDlv J 'problem/

School year

break "brerk/(su m mer / winter / Ch rist mas /

Easter) b reak "brcrk/class I' kla:slfre e period (AmE) I f ri: 'pl, riodlholidays (A mE vacat ion) "hohderz/lesson (AmE period) l ' lesnllunch break l' IAntJ brcrk/re ce ss (AmE) "ri-ses/semester (A mE) I' s~ 'mcst J( r )!

term I't3:m/timet able (AmE schedule)

" ta rmtcrbl/the bell goes a t (3 o 'cl ock) 1'00 'bel

gJUZ Jt!sc ho o l brea ks up o n (14 J uly )

I'sku:l bretk s ,Ap onl

study h ard l' ,slAdi 'ba:dltake a break I' ,tclk J 'brctk/take part " terk 'pa :t1textbook "tekstbuk/workbo o k "watkbo k/

Exa m ina ti o ns

assess I' ~ ' ses/

assessmen t "o'scsmcnt/chea t (in an exam) !'tJi:tl(exam resul ts) come out " kxm 'autldo (an exam) I' du:1d o (we ll / ba dly) in an ex a m I 'du:

In an rq'ztem/en t ra nce exam "cnu ons 19 ,za:mleva lua te " r'veljuen/exa m (ina tion) I' lg 'ucm!ex a m paper I' lg ':uem pelpJ(r)!fail I Terllgive a test I'glv J 'test/ge t the results (of a test / exa m)

I' ,gct OJ rr'zxlts /g ra de I' greldlm ark (AmE grade ) (verb) I' ma:klm ark (rw llu) I' mo:k!m ock exa m I'mok ,g,z:.cmlpass I' pa:slprepare for "prt'pea f::'l(r)/re-sit (an exam) I'ri:'sltlretake (an exam) I'ri:'tclklrevi se (for an exam) I' n 'valzJschocl-leavmg exa m "sku.l'li cvrn

Ig ,z<emlscore I'sb :(r)/sit (an exa m ) I' snJstud y (for a test / exa m ) I' slAdiltake (an exam) I'telkl

School subjects

Art l' a:t1Bio logy I' bal'olod3ilBusiness Studies "brznr s stxdrz/Ch em ist ry "kemrstri/Co m p u te r Studies (IT! Inform ati on

Tech nology) "karn'pjuta stxdrz/com p u lso ry "kom'palsari/cu rricu lu m "ko'n kjalcm/ext ra-cu rric u lar act iv it ies

I' ekstraka,n kjala rek't1VI UzJ

I'sto:f ru:m/"wa nbo.d/

sta ff roomwhiteboard

hoarding I' b:>:d ITJIco-ed ucat io na l (informal co-ed )

" kooedgu 'kerj anl/college I'kohdyco m p rehensive "kompn'hensrwelem en ta ry l'elJ'mentrilgra m m a r sc hool "q ra-ma sku:l/independent "mdt'pcndant/mixed "mrkst/primary "prannari/privalc "pra tvat/publi c school (lirE) I' pAbhk sku:1Iseco ndary school (AmE hig h

school) "sekandri sku:l/single-sex 1'511)91 seksJstate sc hool (AmE pub lic sc hool)

I'stell sku:1!t echnical "tckmkl/u nive rs ity I'ju:m 'v3:SJliJvocat io nal "vao'kerjanl/

Types of schools

People in a school

classmate " klo.smcn/(personal) tutor 1'lj u:lo(r )1college studen t I'kohd3 stju:dntldeputy head(master ) (A mE ass ista nt

p rinci pa l) I,depj uli 'hed!exam iner /' lg 'za:mmJ(r)/headmaster (A mE prin cipal)

"hed'murstotrj/lecturer I' leklforo(r)!pupil I'pju:pllsc h oo lbo y "sku.lbor/sch oolgirl I'sku:lg3:11schoo lmate "skutlmert/st u d ent I'stj u:dntlteacher I' l i:tf o(r )1teaching staff I' ti:tf lQ sla :f!university stud en t "j umt'varsati

,stj u:d nt/

6 School

Scho o l building

bla ckboard "bhekbccd/board pen "bo.d pen/board rubber "bo.d "bo(r)!ca n teen I' kren'ti:nlch a lk I ' l f o:klclassroom I'klo:sru:mlco m p u te r lab "kam'pj u.ta .he b/desk I' deskI!''Y111 (gym nasiu m) I'd3un/h all I'bo:lIh eadmaster's office l' ,hedmo:stJz

'DflslIT / Ic r unit / su ite I'al 'ti: I ar si:

'ti: j u:nrt / swi:t/laboratory (informal lab)

"Io 'b nrotri/language lab 1'1<e I] gwld3 heb/library "Iarbrari/locker !'loko(r)1o ffi ce l' of lSlplayground "plerqraond /science lab I'saIJ I1S la-b/sports field I'sPO: IS fi:ldl

1S0 W ORD BANK Words in blue suggested for the HIgher level

foreign languages I' .ror~m

'Ianjqwld31z1Geogra p hy I'd3l ' og r~lil

G ra m mar (lingu ist ics) I'gncm~ r )1

Humanities I'hju:' m..enur z/History I' hlstJri!Lit erature l ' ht r~tJ~r )1

Mathematics (Ma t hs)I'ma:OJ ' ma~t l k sl

Music I'mju:zlklo p tiona l 1'0pJ, 01lPhysical Ed uca ti o n (PE) I' .r,z,kl

edgu'kctjn/Physics l 'fiZlkslReligious (and Mora l ) Ed u ca t io n

1' f1 , lId3~S edju'k erj u/Sc iences "sa rcnsrz/

Teachers and students

active I' ;.c k tl vl

ambitious l' a:m'bIJJs/a ttentive I'~' tcn t lvl

conscien tious I' konJI'enlJJsIco-opera t ive " koo 'oprauv/c rea t ive "k ri'em v/fair I' fe, (r )/gifted I'glflldlhard-working I'ho:dw3:kllJlimpatient I' IITI' pcIJnt!la zy "Ie rzi/motivated "moo uvcrud/motivating I'mJOUVellllJIpassive I'p..esrv/patient "petj nt/professional "pra'fe j nl/punctual I'pA lJ k tJu~11

s lo ppy I'slopi/system a tic " srsra'm a-nk/t al ented I' trel, nudlunfair 1' ,\ n ' fc~r )1

7 WorkTypes of work

blue-collar worker l ,blu:koIJ'w3:k,(r)1

ca reer IkJ 'f1;l(r)1duty I'dju:lilemploy (sb) /rm'plar/e m p loyee I lm pl:-u' i :1employer hm'pbl~( r)l

e m p loymen t / rm'plorm om/freelancer I' fri : lo :ns~( r )1

full-time job /fo ltarrn 'd30blh ard work Iho :d 'wark/job Id30blmanual work "m.enj uol wa.k/occupation /nkja'perjn/od d jobs I' od ,d30bzJpart-time job /pc rttarm 'd30blpermanent job l,p3:mJn:lnt 'd30blphysical work /Trzrkl ,w3:klprofession /prc'fej n/professional (110 1111) /pra'fej nl/self-employed /selfun 'plord/skilled work IskJid 'wa:kltemporary job I' tempr, ri ,d30blunskilled work /e n 'skrld .wark/

Wo rds in blue sugge sted for the Higher level

w ell-paid job /wel.petd 'd30blwhite-collar worker l,wa ukoIJ(r)

'w3:k:'l( r )1work IW3:klwork for (sb) "wark f,( r)1work fr eel ance I ,W3:k 'fri :lo:ns/work from home I,W3:k from

'hco rn/

At work

assist 1;)'slst!be in charge (of st h / sb) Ibi 10

'tJo:d}!be nefi ts "bencfus/be o n call Ibi on 'b :11be re sponsible (fo r st b / sb) Ibi

ns'ponsobl/bonus " boo nos/busy I'blzilclock off (informa l) Iklok 'oflclock o n (informal) Iklok 'on/

co ncen t ra te (o n st h) " konscntrcn/d eadline "dcdlam/do a job /dur a 'd30blea rn one 's living (as) 1,3:n wanz

'hvuj /ea rn in gs (pi ) 1'3:l1I lJ zifee m:1

fill in (fo r sb) IfJi 'mlget a pay rise / a raise Iget J 'per

ra tz I J 'rclzlget promoted Iget prc'maott d/give (sb) a hand I ,glv , 'ha -nd/

income I' mk" m1make a lo ss /rnetk a 'loslm ake a profit /merk ~ 'profu/manage I'm<.e l1ldymanagement "me mdgment/m atern it y cover /ma't a.mti , k Av~ r )1

off duty lof 'dju:li/on duty Ion 'dju:ti/(work / d o) o ver ti me "aovetatm/overworked I :JOVJ'W3:k tl

pay Ipellpayment "permcnt/pay rise I' PCI rarz/perks (pi ) Ip3:kslraise (lIoun) Irelzirun (a co m pa ny) I rAl11salary I'sa:IJrilslow down IslJO 'daonlstand in (fo r sb ) /ste nd '101

take things easy /teik ,O'QgZ ' i:ziltake over (fro m sb ) /tetk 'Jo vJ(r)1teamwork I'ti:rnw3:klwages I'wcld31z!work long hours I ,W3:k 10 1) 'ao oz/

Not working

be made redundant Ib i .mcrdn'dcndont/

be o n t he d ol e (informal) Ibi .on OJ'dcol/

dismiss (!e)fl nal) /d ts'nu s/fire (sb) (in formal ) I' fal, (r)1give (sb) the sack (illforma l) /q rv ,),

'sa-k/give up (A mE q ui t) work Ig lv AI'

'wa.k/

go on strike 19JO 011 'strark/jobless I'd30b1, S/job seeke r (RrE) I'd30b si:b (r)1k nock off (informa l) Inok 'ofllet (sb) go (info rma l) l let 'g , olmake (sb) redundant /metk

n'd.vndam/on holiday Ion 'holedevout of work /ao t av 'wa.k/pension I'penJJnlpensioner I'pcnJ~n ~( r)/

receive (sta te) b enefits In ,si:v'bcnafus/

resign / r t'za tn/retire In 'tal:'l(r )1retirement /rt't atcmant/sab ba tica l /sa'b retrkl/sack (sb) (informal) ISlCklsic k leave "srk li:vltake a d a y o ff I ,telk , del 'ofltake time off /tctk ta rm 'ofltake a leave /terk 'Ii:vlunemplo yed(h igh / low) unemployment

IAl1Im'pl::)(d1,\ n lrn ' pblm~ll tl

unemplo yment benefit/xmm'plonnant .benofu/

Looking for a job

applicant "eephkant/application form /reph'kerj n f:t:mla p p ly for a job /a.plar fo(r) 0 'd30blCV (cu rricu lum vi ta e) Isi: 'vi:1en cl o se (a CV) /m'ktaoz/experience /rk'spraricns/fill in (a fo rm ) IfJi 'mlHu m a n Resou rces (H R) l, hj u:mJn

n 'ZJ:sI7}interview (uorw) I' mt~vj u :l

interview (verb) I' mt~vj u :l

job advert(isem ent) I'd30b edva.t/job application I'd30b te ph.kerjn /job ce n t re I'd30b sent,(r)1look for (a job ) I' lok f,(r)1personnel /parsc'n el/position /po'z tj n/post /poost/qualifications /kwnlt fr'kerj nz/recru itment /rr'k rurtmant/references "refronsrz/starting sa la ry I'sto:tJlJ , sa~ IJr il

vacancy I'vclkJnsi!working con d it ion s I'V.'3:kllJ

kon.dijnz'

People at work

assi stant /a' srstcnt/boss Iboslcolleague I'koli:glemployee IimpbJ' i:lemployer iIm'pb l, (r)1line m anage r l 'la m m<.emd3J(rl lmanager I'm<.e n ld3~( r )1

staff Ista:flteam Iti:mlworker (e.g. in a fac to ry) I' w3:ko(r )1

WOR D BANK 151

Jobs

academic /icka'd crmk/accountant /a'k aontcnt/actor l' ,ekto(r )1actress J'a:ktrJs!artist I'a :tlst!au pair / ;) 0 'pc;)(r)/babysittcr /' bclbisJt;J(r)!barher I' b(] :b~{ r)1

barrister (A mE attorney)I' b ,~nst ;'l( r )1

beau ti cia n /bjur't tj n/businessma n "brzmsrnan/businesswoman " brzruswomen/ca r mechan ic I'ko: ma.kzemk/ca rpen ter I' ko:pmt:>( r)/cash ier Ik,e'Jlo(r )1chef IJef!chem ist I' kemlst!com pu ter programmer /kam.pjurta

'praoq ra~m:l( c)/con d uc tor Ik;m 'dAkt:>(r )/co nsultan t /kon'sxltom/co o k Ikukld entist "dentist/(film ) directo r /dat'rektatrj/doctor l 'dokto(r )1dress m aker f'dres mClb(r)!

(bus / lorry / tax i / AmE cab) driverl 'd n uvJ(r )/

driving instructor "drarvmm .strxk tatrj /

economist !I 'knnonus t/elect ricia n /clak't rtj n/engineer /end31' ni;'l(r)/esta te agent /r'stcn erdgant/ex ec u t iv e /rq' zckjouv/factory worker "frektcri w3:kJ( r)1farmer l 'fo:m;l(r )1firefight er I' fa IJfan~( r ) 1

flight attendant "flan J tendan t/hairdresser I' hc~res~r)/ 'housewife "haoswarf/interior d ecorator IIn ucria

'dckarcrtotr j/ 'interpreter Im't3:pn tJ(r)/journalist I'd33:nJhst!lawyer I' bl ~( r)1

lecturer I' lckI JrJ(r )1lihrarian /lar'b recricn/manager I'ma:md3Jt r)/miner I'mamJ(r )1musician /mj ur'z rj n/nurse /na.s/(portrait) pain ter I'pemtJ(r)1pensioner I'pcnS;mJ(r)/pharmaci st I' fo:mJslstlphotographer IfJ 'togrJfJ(r)/pilot I 'pa" otlplumber I' pI.\ mo(r )1police officer /pa'I irs ,oflsJ(r)1politician /pnla't tjn/postman I' p~o s lmJnl

postwoman " pcostwomon/psychologist /sat'k nladgrst/receptionist /rr'sepj anrst/road sweeper "rood swi:pJ(r)1sales representative (sales rep )

I'seIlz rcpn.zcntcuv/

1S2 WORD BANK

scientist "sarcnust/sc u lp to r I'skAlpto(r)1secre ta ry "sekratri/security guard /sr'kjoen ti go :dlshop assistant "[np J,slstJntlshopkeeper l'J opki:po(r)1soci a l worker I's;)oSI w3:kJ(r)1so lici tor ISJ 'hsItJ(r)1stockb ro ke r I'stokbrJukJ(r)1surgeon I's3:d3JnItailor I' te" ;>(r)!teacher I' t i:tJ;>(r )1ti cket in spector " nku m,spektJ{r)1translator Itr:.cnz'lenJ(r)1travel age n t "trrevl eld3Jn t!TV presenter Iti: 'vi: prt .zent atr j/vet (vete rina ry su rgeon I doctor)

/vet

8 HealthHeal thy / unhealthy lifestyle

a t h let ic heO' lct,klavoid (st ress) IJ'V:>Idl

be a fitness fanatic I fr eak Ibi d

' fu ries fa.me u k I fri: kl

co uch potato / 'kaotJ pa.tertao/cu t down (on fatty food) IkAl

'daonldo (reg ular ) exercise Idu: 'ekscsarz/fast food /fo.st 'fu:dlfatty food IflC ti ' fu.d/fit I fltlfollow (a sensible diet) I' foloolget enough sleep Iget r. nef 'slirp/give up (smoking) /qrv 'A plgo jogging IgJO 'd30911J1gym Id31mljunk food I'd3ADk fu:dlkeep fit Iki:p 'fu/look fit Iluk ' fu/lo se weig h t Ilu:z 'welt!low-calorie food /lao krelari: 'fu :d/low-fat fo od Ilou f'ct ' fu.d/(be) out o f sha pe laut av 'jetp/overweight /aove'wen/put on weight /pot on 'wen/ready meal I' rcdi mi:Vreduce stress / r t.dj urs 'streslsedentary lifest yl e /,scdJntri

'larfs ta tl/slo b (i nforma!) Isloblstay fit /ster ' f il lstay in shape /ster m 'jerp/takeaways "tcrkaweiz/take up (sport / exercise) /terk 'AplTV dinners Iti: vi: 'dmoz/work out IW3:k 'aut!

Food and he a lth

additives /'a:dlllvzI(h igh / low in) ca lo ries l 'klClonzlcarbohydrates /kutba'h ard ren s/fat If'etlfally food /freti 'fu.d/fibre I'flllbo(r)/health food I'helO fu:dlhealthy food IhelO i ' fu:dl

junk food /'d3ADk fu:dlorgan ic food h :'ga:llIk fu:dlpreservatives IP fl ' Z3 : V~tI vzI

protein "prao tim/

Diet

(be / go on a) diet /' da'ot!high (in ca rbo h yd ra tes) /haulo se weight l .J u:z 'WCIl/

Jow-calorie di et /lao .ktelari 'darat/low-fat di et 11:>0 / <l:t 'da rat/put o n weight Ipot on 'wen!rich (in protein ) IntJIslim m ing diet I'shmllJ data t/vegan I'vi:gJIlIvegetarian Ivcd3J'tc;JriJnlw eight loss programme I'WCII 10s

.praoqnern/

Health problems

accident I' ..ck srdoru/addicted (to drugs / alcohol)

/a'd rk ud/addiction /a'drk j n/allergic (to cats) 10'13,d3Iklall ergy l '<clod3ilappendicitis /o.pcndr'sarus/backache "b.ekcrk/bedridden "bcdnd n/blister /' b1lsto(r )1(h igh / low) hlood pressure l 'blAd

,prcJo(rjlbroken (a rm ) "braokn/cancer I' ka:ns;J(r )1casualty I'k,c30J1til(have a) co ld /koold/co ug h Ik ofldi abetic /da ro'bcuk/(physica lly / mentally) di sabled

/d ts'e rbld/ea rache I' IJrclklfa ta li ty I fo' t lClot ilfeel (a bit) off-colour (i nfo rma l)

l ,fi :1 of 'b lo(r)!fee l (a bit ) under the weather

(in forma!) l ,fi :1 .\ ndo 00 '\\eo* )1feel a hit po orl y l ,fi :1 0 bit 'po:lilfee l di zzy l, fi :1 'd rzi/feel drowsy l ,li :1 'draozi/feel sic k m:1 'stk/feel terrible m :1 'tcrrbl/fev er I' fi :vo(r )1fev erish I' fi:\'JflJIflu /flut/food poi soning I'fu:d P.JIZ;)1lI 1J1headache "hcderk/heart attack I'ho:t o,tlCklhurt /han/(crit ica lly / seriously / ter minally) ill

1" 1illness I' lI l11slill with /' 11 WI{)!injure I'md3J(r)1injured l 'md3Jd!injury l 'md3Jrilinsomnia /m's nnuua/(do) not feel very well Inot 'fi:1

veri ,well


I pJlJII'pra:ktlsl

(ta ke an ) overdose I'JUVJ<b uslpain (in th e legs I back) Ipcmlpneumonia Inj u : ' I11~um.11

ras h Ir"'JIrunny nose / rani 'ncoz/sneeze Isni:z!(have a) so re throat Is;): 'urao t/sprained (an kle I wrist ) /sp rernd/(a bee) sting Ist llJIstoma ch -ach e "stxrnckerk/stroke /st roo k/suffer (from illness) I' sAf, (r )1swollen (tonsils / wrist) I'sWJo lJ l11(a h igh ) temperature I' tempr, tJo(r )1tootha che I' tu:Oelkla twist ed ankle IJ .twrsud '..efJk lltwist (one's) ankle /twrst 'a:l]kllupset stomach I,Apset 'stxmok/vomit "vomu/wound (fUJlUl) Iwu:ndlwounded "wu.ndrd/

Treatment

(fee l) as good as new (informal) IJZ.ood JZ 'nj u:1

be better /b i 'beto(r )1be ex a m ined Ibi 19'z..emmdl(medica l I d ent al) check-u p

l ' tJek Aplchemist 's "kcnus ts/cough medicine I' kof medsn/cure I' kjo, (r)!drug IdrAgIget better Igct 'bct;'\(r )1get a prescription I,get J

prrs'krtpjn/ge t over (the operation) Iget

';'\ovJ(r)1go to bed 1,9.10 to 'bed/go to hospital I,g;lo ta 'hnspu l/go to the doctor 1,9;,\0 ta ('J

'J Dkt, (r )1have a sca n I,h,cv J 'skain/have t est s /haiv ' tests/have an injection I,ha:v In

tn'd gekj n/m ake a n a p poin tme n t (to see the

doc tor) /jn erk an a'pomtm ant/make a (good I fast ) recovery

I,melk .1 rt'k .weri/medicine I'mcdsnl(have an ) operation /upc'retj n/painkiller l 'pcmkIlJ(r)1pharmacy "furmasi/pills /prlz/

sle eping pill I'sli:pll] pillst im u la n t "sumj ulant/(have) surgery I's3:d3Jrilrecover (fro m) I n 'k,w ;)(r )1tablets " nc blots/take (o ne 's) blood pressure z.terk

'bL, J preJ,(r )1treat I t r i:tl

(have an ) X-ray "cksrcr/

Words In blue suggested for the Higher level

Healthcare

A I'< E (BrE Accid ent and Emergency)(A mE ER, Emergen cy Room) l el.:md 'i:1

casua lty I'k..e3U;Jltilchemist 's I' kenllstslco ns u lta n t /kon 's.vltont/dentist "denus t/doctor I'J okt, (r)1GP (BrE Genera l Practitioner) Id3i:

'pi:1healthcare centre "helukec scnt~ r)/

health clinic I' helO khmk/hospital "hospnl/(t ake) m edical leave I'med lkl li:vln 11rse In3:s/patient I' pctJntlprivate medicine l ,pnuvll 'medsu/public healthcarc l,pAbhk

'heiOke, (r)1specialist I'speJJllstlsu rgeon I 'S3:d3Jnlsu rge ry l 's3:d3Jrilward I\\,.):d!

Alternative medicine

acu p unctu re l' a:kj up,\ lJ ktJJ(r)/acu punctu rist /rekj u'P,\ I] kt]ar tst/aromathcrapy /a.r ao ma'Uerapi/aromatherapist IJ, fJilJ11J 'OCf:tPlstlfaith healing I'fCIO hi:IIIJIfa it h healer l 'felO hi:io(r)!h erbal medicine l,h3:bl ' rncdsn/herbalist I' h3:b;.l ll stlhomeopathy /hcomi'npatli/horncopath "haomrcop..e91osteopa t hy losti'opJOilosteo path l' ostl;lo, p.cOIreflexology Iri:Oeks'olJd3ilreflexologist Iri:llcks'oIJd31stl

9 SportSport

sports a nd spo rts peop learcher l'o:tJ, ( r )1archery l'o:tJJrilathlete I';eOi i:t1athletics (siugular) I",O'letJkslba seball l 'bclsb:dlbasketball !'hu:skllhJ:11boxer " boksom /boxing "boksnj/c ross-co u n t ry sk iin g l ,krnskAntri

'ski:IIJIdiscus "drskcs/diver I'dalvJ( r)1diving I'dalvll]ldownhill skiing I,J aonhJi 'ski:JQIfencer I' fensJ(r)/fencing "fcnsm/football (AmE soccer) l ' folbJ:11golf Igoif!golfer I' gDif, (r )1gym nast I'd31mmcstlgymnastics Id3lm'mestlksfhammer throw(ing) " hscmaOr;lu l

handball I' h;cnJ bJ:11h ockey "hoki/hurdle /' h3:J IIindoor sports (p i) l ,ind::J: 'sports/javelin "dgevhn/(lo n g I h igh / trip le) jump

!J 3Amplmarathon I'ma:r;)OJnlmarathon runner "marcuan

,rAnJ(r)/pole vault "poo l vult/pole vaulter "paol voItJ(r)1ra ce IrclsIrollerblades (p i) I'r, oi, bIeIJ zIrollerblading I' r~o IJb l c ld l I)1

rollersk ating I' rJo lJskeltll]1run IrAnlrunner I'rAnd(r)1sh o t putter I'Jot potJ( r)1shot put(ting) I 'Jnt POtIQ!ska teboa rd "skenbccd/skateboarding "skertbordnj /skater l ' skelt~r)1

(figure I speed ) s ka ti ng l 'skell lQIski jump I' ski: J3 ., mplski-ju m per I'ski:d;;.\mp;)( r)1skier I'ski:;'l(r )/skiing I'ski:11]1sprint /sprtnt/spri nter "spnn torr)1su rn o wrestling I ' S ll : Il1 ~O reslnj/sw im mer I ' swlln~( r )/

sw im m in g l 'sw lITIlI]Itable tennis I'lelbl terns/tennis I'temslvolleyba ll I' vDlibo:11water pol o I'wo:t~ paolao/water sports (p i) I'w;,\:t:l spo.ts/weightlifter l\ ven llftJ(r )1we ightlifting I'wellllftlI)1windsurfer I'wmds:J:fJ(r)/windsurff ng I'wmds:l:fIlJIwrestle I'resl!wrestling "rcshrj/

pe ople, places , things, eve n tsamateur l' a:m;lt3:(r )1bat Ib« t1cha m p io n I' tJa:mpi~nl

ch a m pio ns h ip I' tJ<empi:lnJlplcoa ch I b o lJIco m pe t it io n /k nmpa'nj n/(tennis, sq uash , badmi nt on) co u rt

I b :tldoping I'ddOPII)1draw Idr.:l:!drug test I'drAg test!fan I f« nlfield I fI:IJIga me Igemllgoa l Ig, o llgoalkeeper I'g, olki:p, (r)1gym (gym nasiu m ) 1<131011ice ska te s (p i ) l' ..lI S skens/net InetlOlympic games /altmptk 'g CIJ117J

(footba ll I rugby / hockey) pitchIplt JI

(footba ll) pitchpract ice (1101111)

WO RD BANK 153

practise (verb ) "prtcktrs/professional /prc'fejnal/racket I' nt:: kIllreferee / refc'ri r/(ice / skati ng) rin k I fIIJklscore Isb :( r )1sk i slope /'ski: sloop/spectato r /spek'tenauj/sp orts equi pment "sports

r.kwrpmant/sports fa ci li t ies (p i) "sports

fast lanz/stadium "sterdiorn/(hoc key ) st ick Istlklsu p porter /SJ'p:l:tJ(r )/team sport / 't i :m sp.J:tltournament "tomamont/t rack I tnckltracksuit "trteksun/t ra in /Irem/turn professional l,t3:n

pra'fejncl/umpire I' Am pa IJ(r)/work o u t /wark 'au t/

doing a sportd o ... Idu:1

ae robics /ea'r aobrks/high I lo n g ju mp "har / '101)

d3!~mpl

jud o I' d3U:d, 01go ... 19 ;101

riding "rarduyskiing /' ski:lIJ/swi m m in g I' SWl lTIIIJ!

lose (a gam e / a match) Ilu:z/pl a y .. . /pler/

hridge I'bfldylfootball l 'fo tbo:iItennis "terns/

(set / b reak / eq ual a) recordI' rcko:dl

sco re ... Isk :>:( r )/a goal IJ 'g 30 11

a point IJ 'pcmt/throw ... 10 r::lol

the di scus l a ;;J 'drskas/the javelin 10 ;) 'd3,-cvlmlthe ha m mer IOd 'lucm;;J(r)1

w in (a ga me / a m atch) Iwm

10 Free timeand cultureArt

art festival 1'0:1 fesuv l/a rt gallery I'o:t ga:l;;Jrilart studio I 'o:t stj utdtcu/artist "omst/background I'ba:kgraondlca n vas "ken vos/design /dt'zam/draw (in pen / pencil / charco al)

Idro:1(a) d rawing l' d ro:II)1exhibit (verb) /rq'z rbn/ex h ibi t io n /eksr'brjn/fram e Ifremllgraphics (singlllar) I'gncflksl

1S4 WORD BANK

landscape "hendskeip/m asterpiece "mu.stcpi.s/oil painting 1'~I1 pemtnj/outline "ao tla m/paint Ipcmtlpainter l'pCIIl1;;J(r)1painting I' pcIIltlIJIperspective /pas'pekttv/photo(gra ph) "Ioo toc/photographer It~ ' t Dg rJfJ( r)1

photography /fc't nqrcfi/(a) pi ec e of art I,pi:s JV ' o:tl

portrait "pon rert/sculpt /skal pt/sculptor I'skAipt, (r)1sc u lpture l'skAiptJ, (r)1sketch IsketJIstill life ISHI 'Iarf/take (photographs / photo s /

pictu res) /terk/watercolour I'w~: tdk Al d( r)1

(a) work of art I ,W3:k JV 'o:tl

Literature. theatre and film

action ad ven tu re l ,a:: kSn, d'ventJ,(r)1

actio n (film / movie) 1'.ekJnladaptation /redrep'terj n/a n im a t io n /rent'm etjn/a ud ience "o-dious/bestseIler /best's elat rl /blockbuster l'blokb,\St, (r)1box office I'bnks ofISIcartoon Ik a:'t u:nl

cast /ku.st/(main ) character l'ka:n kt:J(r)/cinema "smama/co m ed y "k nrnadi /conflict (1101111 ) "konflrkt/critic "krmk /d etective story /d r'tcknv starri/direct /da t'r ekt. dr 'rekt /d irecto r /da r'rckto. r), dr'rektotrj/disaster movie IdIZ'O:Std mu.vi /d oc u men ta ry /d nkjc'mentori/drama I' d ro :m :J1

dub (verb) IdAbldubbing l 'dAblrylfeature film 1'li :tJ, frimlfiction 1'flkJnl(ac t / pla y / star / feat ure in a) film

(A m E movie) I fJlml

film based on (a book / a tr ue sto ry)/ frlm 'beist on l

flop /floplhorror I' ho r;;J( r )1

interval (in a play) I'mtJVJI!leading role /Iitdnj 'raol/literary "htarari/literary criticism l,htJrJri 'kr tusrzm/love sto ry l'IAv st:>:rilleading role lIi:dlIJ ' r~'10 1!

musical Z'rnjurztkl/non-fiction "nunfrkjn /novel I'novllnovelist "ncvolrst/performer Ip:J'f:>:mJ(r)1performance /pa'fo.mcns/play /pler/

playwright I' plclraitlplot I plotlpoem "pao rrn/poet I' p:>OI tlpoetry l 'p;lOJtrilprotagonist IprJ ' l<eg ~I1Is11

resolution /reza'huj n/review I n 'vj u:1reviewer In 'vju:J(r)1romantic co m ed y /rao .mten trk

'knmadi/sci -fi (science ficti on ) film Isa r'faI

fIlmlscreen p lay "skrimpler/sequel "si.kwol/set (nouo ) Isct!

. (be ) set (in the 16th cen tur y) Isetlsho rt story ISJ:t 's toiri/show 11:>01so u n d t rack "saondtnck/special effects (p i) l,spcJi t'fekts/specta tor /spck 'tcncm/stage Isteldylstu n tman I'stAlltlmenlsu bt itles "sebtan lz/su p po rti n g (ro ie / actor / characte r)

ISJ'pJ:tIl]ltheme IOi:mlthrille r I' Qrri, (r )1western "wcstan /

Press. radio and television

(classified) advertuscmcn t) (intonna!ad) l' a:dv3:tl

a r t icl e l 'O:lI k l!

the box (illfo rmal) l Oo 'bokslbroadcast "bro.d ku.st/broadsheet l 'bro:dJi:tlcab le TV I,kelbl ti: 'vi:1(an imated) cartoon I ko:' t u:nlca r to on strip /kor't u:n strip/circulation /sa.kja'ler j n/co lu m n " kolam/co lu m n ist "k plamnrst/co m ic strip "k prruk stn plcop y I' kopildaily paper z. dcrli 'pelpo(r)1(even ing / special) ed it io n /t'd tjn/ed ito r l 'ed lt, (r )1editorial /ed r'tarrial/ep isode "cprsao d/glo ssy (m agazine) I'glosilinterview I' lIltJvj u:1(yesterday's / May 2006 ) issu e l ' IJu:1journalist l 'd33:nJllstlletter to t he editor /jeta to t"l i

'edlt, (r )1live broadca st 1,lalv 'bro.dko.st/lo cal p ress /Iaokl 'preslm aga zinc /mteqa'zim/monthly (magaz ine) I' Il1 AIlOl ilnational p res s 1,l1<c1nJI 'pres/newsa gent('s) l 'nj u:zcld3dlltlnewspa pe r i intormot pap er)

"nj ursperpofrj/obituary /a'bnj uari/periodical /prari'udrkl/presenter /pn'zemom/press cu tt in g I'prcs kAtIIJI


qu arterly (magazine I periodical)I' b :tolil

quiz /kwrz/reality TV (show) / r i'ee loti ti: ,vi:/remote (con t ro l) /r t'moot/report In' pJ:t/reporter /n ' pJ: t~( r )/

satellite TV I,Sa:l.11<1I1 ti: 'vi:!scree n Iskri:nIse ria l I'sIoJri;J1Iseries I' sloJri:zJshow business (informal showbiz)

I'J ~w brznrs/sitcom (formal situa tion come dy)

"srtk om/soa p (o pera ) /sac p/su bscribe (to) /scb's krarb/su bscriber /sab's krarbalr j/tabloid "ueblord/ta lk sbow I'to:k Jooltalk-show h ost I' t:l:k 1.10 haost/television / 'tcl;JvI3;JnJtelly I ' teli lTV It i: 'vi:1TV c h a n nel Iti: 'vi: tJa:n;JVTV st u d io Iti: 'vi: stju rd tao/v iewer I' vj u :~ r)/

weekly (magazine) I'wi:klil

Music and dance

a lb u m l ' a~ l b ;)ln/

ballet I'b'ek ,lband /bamd/beat (IlOlIII) Ibi:t!blues Iblu:zICD (co m pact d isc) Isi: 'di:1(the) charts (p i) I tJu:ts!ch oreography /knri'pqrafi/classical (m usic I ba llet) "khestkl/co m pos e /kam'paoz/co m poser /karn'poozatrj/concert " konscvco ncert hall I'konsJt h:l:Vconduct /kcn'dekt/co nd ucto r Ik~m ' dhk t~r)1

co n te m po ra ry (music I dance)/kon 'temprcri/

dance Idu:nslfolk Ifoo klgro u p Igru:pl(a number o ne I a smash ) h it !hIt!jazz Id:;.ezllyrics (s;tJgll lar) I'hn kslmusical "mj urzrk l/opera I ' npara/orchestra 1':>:klstrJI(a musical) piece Ipi:sl

pop 11'01'1rap Inep!R & B (rhythm and blues) I ,u:(r ) on

'bi:1reggae I' rcgcllrec o rd (" 01l1l) I' rc k~1

rel ease (a single I an alb um) In 'l i:slrhythm In omlrock l roklsing ISIIJIsinger I'snp (r)/so ngw riter I' solJ ra lt~ r )1

Leisure time

as k (sb) out lo :sk 'ao tlen te rta in m ent /cnta'tcm mant/f ree time Ifri: ' tarm/go (swim ming I dancing I to the

cine ma I to a co ncert) Ig;wlgo out (with friends) /qao 'aot!(have I take up a) hobhy I'hobiJlist en (to music I to the rad io)

I'hsn/o utdoo rs (adv) /ao t'd a.z/(have I throw I go to a) party

I'pu:tiJpass time Ipo:s ' tarrn/play (cards I chess I tennis I

hasketball I th e piano I thedrums) Iplcl!

pl ay (video I co m pute r I board)games /plc r 'qermz/

read (boo ks I magazines I co mic s)I ri:dl

spend time /spend 'tauu/take up (swim ming I IJ0w li ng I a

hobby) / tet k 'hplwatc h (TV I a video ) IWDtJI

11 TravelMeans of transport

aero pla ne (A m E airp lane)"ecrcplem/

aircraft "eakrurft/bicycle (illformal bike) " barsrkl/hoat Iboot!bus Ib/l.slca r Iku:(r )1coach (BrE) IkootJIdouhle-decker (bus) Idhbl'deko(r)1ferry /'ferilliner I' lam~( r )1

lorry (AmE truc k) I'lnriJminibus I'mmibAsIm otorbike "maotcba tk/motorcycl e "moo tosaikl /on foot l oo ' fo t/taxi (AmE ca h ) "treksi/train It rcml(the Londo n) tube (illforma l) Itj u:blunderground (AmE subway)

l 'AodJg raoodlvan Iva:nlya ch t Ijotl

Travelling

(travel) across (Ame rica) /a'k rns/(trave l) a ro un d the world /a.r aund

00 'wa .ld/a rri ve (in I at ) Id'nuvlas k the way la :sk 0 ;) 'wC11

be o n (one's) way Ibi on \ vCIIbreak the journey /brctk 0;) 'd33:nilbusiness trip "brznts tnpl(go I t ravel) hy a ir /bar 'co(r)1(go I t ravel) hy ra il /ba r 'retl/(go I travel) hy sea IbaI 'si:!ca tc h (up With) I k,etJIco ver a distance l, k,w :t( r ) :I 'drstcns/

(on a) cru ise Ikru:zJdepart (fo rma t; Id l' pu:tldrive rd ra rv/fill up (with petrol ) If,l 'hplfind (one's) way Ifamd wc11(take I catc h a) night /flan/fly 1I1:u1get a lift (illforll/al) Iget 0 '11ft!ge t lost Iget 'lost!give (sb) a lift (intonnai; Ig,v 0 'Irft/go I travel (by tra in I by plane I by

boat I by car I on foo t) Igoo I' tnevl/

go on (a journey I a tour I a trip)/qoo 001

have a (good I safe) tri p I jou rney/luev ~ 'tnp I 'd;p :oil

head fo r I'hed fo(r)1hitch-hike I'hIlJhall<lhitch-hiker l'hIlJhalko(r)1hitch-hiking 1'I11 tJhalkllJlleave (for ) l li :vlmake fo r "mcik f~( r)1

meet (sb at the sta tio n I ai rpo rt)Imi:t!

miss (a tra in I plane I flight) /mts/moto rw ay I'm~o tJwc l!

pull up Ipo l "' pireach (one's) destination Iri:tJ

dcst t'n er] o!ride /ra td/ride (a bike I a motorbike I a ho rse I

a camel) / rard/(main I m ino r) road Iroo dlroute lru:t!run o u t of petrol I ,r,\ n ao t :IV

'pe trol/see (sb ) off Isi: 'nflset off Iset 'of!se t out (fo r) /set 'aotlsho w (sb) the wa y 1.100 00 'we,1speed up Ispi:d 'Al' lsto p ove r Istop 'ouv;)(r)!(get) stuc k in t raffic I,sthk 111

' trte frk/take a sh o rtcu t z.tcrk o ' J~ : t k ,\t!

tour I' t o~( r )/

traffic "trtefrk/(be i n a) traffic jam I' tncflk d3remltravel "tne vl/trip /tn p/voyage I'v:llldywa lk Iw.):kl

Tra vell ing abroad

(bel go I t ravel) abroad /a'b ro.d/a irport tax I'CJp.:>:t treks/cross the border I,kros ()o 'b:>:d:l(r)!cus toms (p i) "k.vstamz/cus toms officer "k.vstomz , o fJ s~ r)1

duty-free Idju:ti'fri:1excha nge office !Ik'stJclI1d3 ,0fIS!ex p ired (passpo rt) /rk'sparod/foreign currency /forcn 'ka rons i/green ca rd (US) I'gri:n ku:dlimmigration office r /nm 'qrer] n

,0fJso(r)1in valid (passpo rt) /m'viel rd/

Words in blue suggested fo r the Higher level WORD BA NK 155

passp ort control l,po:spJ:tkan'trao l/

permanent visa l,p3:m:m:mt 'vi-za/renew (a passport) In 'nju:1residen t I' rezld:mllsec u rity check /sr'kjos rati ,tJck!tourist visa "tusns t vi:z.11va lid (pass po rt) I'v<ehdlvisa I'vI:Z;;#

At the airport' railway'coach station

a ir line "ealam/a rrival /a'ra tvl/boa rd a plane /bord a 'plemlboarding ca rd "ba.dnj ko:dlbook (a tick et ' a sea t) Iboklbusin ess class "brznts klo:slca bin crew " ke bm krut/c han ge (t rai ns) ItJcmd31ch a rte r night I'tJo:to flau/c heck in (verb ) /tjek '101

ch eck-in desk I'tJekm deskl(train) co m pa rt ment /kcm'punmant/d epa rtu re Idl'po:tJo(r )1departure lo unge /di 'pcn]» .laundyeconomy class /t'k nnami ,klo:slexcess baggage c harge I,ekses

'b<egld3 ,tJo:d31fast t ra in I'fo:st t rcm/fa re Ifeo(r)1ga te Igcltlge t o n , o ff (the train ' th e bus)

Igct 'on 1 'oflhand luggage "hicnd IAgld31land /lend/left-luggage office Ilcft 'h gld3 ,0flSlluggage (A mE baggage) l'L\gld31lu ggage trolley I' IAgld3 ,trolilpassenger I'presmd3J(r)1passenger tra in I'p:.csmd3J trem/railwa y pl atform I'reilwcl pla -tform/reserve (a ticket I a seat) In 'z3:vlrunway I'r,\ l1wellsc he d uled flight /jedjurld 'flan /slee per (carriage ' ca r) I' sl i:po(r)1sui tcase "su.tkersztake off /terk 'o flterminal "taimmcl/th ro ug h t rai n I'Om: trcm/ti ck et "nkrt/

plane / train ti cket I'plcm I' trem u kn/

m onthl y ti ck et I'm"nOl i uku/single (Am£ one-way ) t icket

I'S1 Qgl ttkrt/peri od ticke t I' pldnJd ukn/return t icket /n'ta.n ukrt/season ticket I'si:zn uku/

t icket o ff ice " ukn oflslt imetable "ta tmterbl/

At a hotel

accommodation /akmna'detj n/11&11 (bed and breakfast ) I ,bi: on

'b i:1(fu ll / ha lf) board Ibo:dlbook a room Ibo k J ' cu:ml

156 WORD BANK

booked up Ibo kt '" picham berm a id l'tIelmbomcldlchec k in ' ou t /tjek m I aot len-su ite l on'swi:tlfu lly booked Ifuli 'bokt/gu est house I'gest haus/include (breakfast) Im'klu:dlliv e en te rta in men t I' l:.uv

cmajeuunam /lounge Ilaund:>/m ake a reservation I,mclk ,1

reza'verjn/reception /rt'scpjn/receptionist /rt'sepj ru st/reserve a room /n.s a.v a ' ru:ml(single I double I twi n ' family)

room I ru:mIstay a t / in a hotel I,StCI at I m ,1

hco'tel/su ite Iswi:tIth ree-star hotel I,Ori: sto: hao'tel/vacancy "verkonsi/yo ut h hostel I'ju:O hnstal/

Going on holiday

be on a holida y I ,bi on , 'holodei/bu y so uve n irs I,bal SU:VJ'I1IJzJca m p /kremp/ca m psite I'krempsanlca rava n "kteravien/go (bac kpac king I walking I hikin g I

cyc ling ' camping) Igoolgo o n holiday /qoc Oil 'hnlade t/ha ve a holiday I,hrev ,1 'h nlade r/holiday reso rt "hotodcr n ,z:l:tlholidaymaker "hotodermerkatrj/individual holiday /mdt'vtdual

.h nlad er/package holida y I'p<ekld3 holoder/put up (a tent) Iput 'Apl(h igh ' mid ' low) season I' si:znlse lf-ca te ring holiday /sclf'kertamj

.h olader/(do I go) sightseeing I's<t ltsi:II)1take a holiday /tetk ,1 'hnladcr/tent Itcntltourist "toarrst/travel agency "t rtevl cld3:11lsiltravel agen t " tre vl eld311 l1visit tourist attractions 1,vlzlt

'tuanst ct rzekjnz/

12 Science andtechnologyTechnology in our lives

aeria l I' c ~m~lI

a pp lia nce IJ'plaIJI1 s!battery I' bxt~ril

button l ' bAtnlca ble I'kelbllcha rge ItJo:d31ch a rger I' tJa:d3, (r )1co n nect io n /ka'nckjn/di gital (watch) I'dl31l11e lec t ro n ic /rlek't rnntk/engine l' end3ml

gadget I' g:.ed31t1

ge t a prize Igct J 'Pfi:1I1Jheadphones I'hedfdonzJhea dset I'hedset!lens (si llgular) /lcnz/link IhQklmanual I'mxnju~1I

m obile phone z. moo barl ' foon/m oto r I' mJotd(r )1

pl ug Ipl" glsocke t "sokn/st ra p Ist fi:c pltechnolog y /tek'n nladgi/test tuhe I' tcst tju :blvcn (Vid eo cassette recorder) Ivi:

si: 'o:( r )/

wire I'walJ(c)!

Sciences and scientists

a rc haeologist 10:ki'olod3Istla rc haeology 10:k i 'o lJd3ila rea of research l,cJn:l(r) J\' r t'san]"biologist Ibal'ol.Jd3Isllbiology Ibal'0lod3ilchem ist " kermst/chem ist ry "kermstri/com pute r science /kcm. pj urta

'sarans/cond uct (resea rch) /kan'dxkt/dev elopment /d t'velapm ant/discover !<.iJs' kAv~(r )1

di scov er er Id ls' k AV;Jr:l( r )1

(ma ke a) discovery /d rs'kavari/eng ineer lend31'11I;J(r)!engineering Icnd31'l1Ion l)l(carry out I cond uct I do I perform

an) ex pe rimen t /rks'pe nmant/(chem ical' ma tbematica l ,

scien t ific) fo rmu la I' fJ:mjd!.J!ge ne t icis t Id3,J'netIslstlge ne t ics Id3J'netI k sl

geulugist Id3i'olod31St!geol ogy Id3i 'olod3ilin vent /m'vent/invention /m'venjn/inventor /m'ventotrj/in vestigate /rn'vesttqert/linguist !'bl]9Wlstllinguistics /lnjq'wrst tks/ma thematician /rnrellama't tj n/mathematics Iml.eOJ'ma:tlkslpat ent (an inven tion) "penom/physici st I' flzlslstlphysics "frztks/polit ical science /pahukl 'sarans/psychologist /sat'kclodjrst/psych ology Isal'kolod3il(carry out ' do , co nduct I

undert ake) research In's3:tflresea rcher In 's3:tI ;)(r )1research ins t it u te /rt'sait] .mstuju n/research lahoratory /n'san]

lo.bnratri/sci en t ific /saron'ufrk/sci ent ifi c theory IS<1101l ,1I flk 'OI Jri!sc ie n tis t "sarennst/social scie nces l,sooII 'S<1 I.JIlSlzJsociolog ist ISJoJi' oldd3Ist!socio logy ISJuIi'ob d3i1

Wo rds in blue suggested for the HIghe r level

spe cia lisa t io n /spejalat'zerj n/specia lise (in sth) "spejcla tz/stat ist ica l data /sta.ns nkl 'derto/sta t istics /sta't rst rks/study l 'stAdilsu rvey I's3:veu

Computers

a p p licat io n /e pn 'kerj n/CD- reader Isi:'di:,ri:do(r)1CD-ROM Isi:di:'romlC D-w riter Isi:di:'rml;)(r)/(d ouble-)cl ick Ik liklco m p u te r program /kom'pj unau-)

praoqnern/co m p uter prog rammer /kam. pju.ta

'prJogra:mJ(r)1co nfigure Ik;)n'flgJ(r)1configu ration /kcnfrqa'rctj n/c ras h Ik neIIcustomise I' kAst:lmarzJdata I' den ;)1d a ta base I'dCIl:lbelsld esktop (co m pu ter) "desktop/d o wn load (a file I da ta ) Idaon'loudlfil e IfaIlIfloppy di sk /flnpi 'd rsk/hard d isk Iho:d 'drsk/hardwa re /'ho:dwc;)(r)/install Im 'st ::J:11

IT (information tec h nology) /ar 'ti:1key Iki:1keyboard I' ki:bo:d/laptop (computer) "heptop/m emory "memari/m enu I'mcnj u:/m onitor I'monnJ(r)/m o use Imao slo pen (a p rogram) I'JupJnlPC (pe rso na l co m puter) /pi: 'si:/portable I'po:lobllp rin ter I' prmtJ{ r)/RAM (Random Access Memory)

/nem/ROM (Read -Only Memo ry) lromlrun (a program) I rAn/

scan ner I'sk<cnJ(r)/setup /' sctAplsoftware I'softwe:l(r)/surf (the Intern et I the net I th e web

I th e World Wide Web) ISJ:fltoolba r I' t u:lbo:(r)1be o u t of o rderbe p laying u p Utlforma/) /bi plcun

'Aplbrea k d o wn /b rerk 'daon/go dead (informal) /qao 'dediou t o f o rder I,aot :lv 'J:d:l(r)1stop working I st o p 'w3:kll)/

Space

a lien "ctlian/as t ro na u t l' <cs t r~n J:tl

co rnet / 'k DIllIIIco u n td o w n "kaontdaon/ex t ra tc rrcs t rial I,ckstrate'restridlllaunch Ib :ntIIla u nc h pad I'b :nlI p.cd/


meteor l'mi:tIJ(r)1m eteorite "min rcrau/o rb it I' o:blllo u te r space /a uta 'spers/rocket I' roknJsatellite z'se talau/shoot ing sta r I'Ju:tIl) sto :( r )1

space /spets/space shutt le I'SPCIS JAt l1space sta ti o n I'SPCIS sterj n/space tra ve l "spers trevl/spacecra ft /'sperskrc.n'spaceship l 'spelsJlplspacesu it "spcrsu-t/the universe IQd 'j u:I1IV3:s1UFO (u n ide n t ified fiying ob ject )

Ij u: ef ' Jolvoyage I'vJlld:y

WO RD BANK 1S7

1 Family lifeReading

1 b 2 c 3 a

2 The mother, the father and their ch ildren.You find th e information in line 2. Th e word 't his' in line 3 refersback to it and con nects it to ' nuclear family' in line 4.

2 He spent all day at work.You fin d the info rmation in line 8, with lin e 7 int roducing the'f ifty years ago' t ime frame.

3 She stayed at hom e to manage the house an d look after thech ildren.You fin d the info rma tio n in lines 10 and 11.

4 Some people th in k that the fami ly un it is dying because manymodern fam ilies live diffe rent ly from fi fty years ago.The first sentence in the final pa ragrap h co n trasts the situa t iontoday with what we read about fi fty years ago in the previou spa ragraph, an d tells us what some people th ink abo ut th ischange.

S No. Many couples get married. but others do n 't .There is a gap in the sen tence (in line 15) where it should saywh at some 'o ther' people do, bu t the lin kin g word ' but' tells us itis th e opposite of wh at 'man y people' do.

6 Smalle r.The last sentence tells us th at 't he size of the average fam ily isshri nki ng'.

TIP: Notice that the order of que stions follows the order ofinformation in the text.

3 READING EXAMI D

It cannot be H beca use 'when ' introduces the first of two clausesthat make up the sentence. Because o f th is, the second clause,which starts with the ga p, must have a main verb .

2 AThe verb ' is' te lls us this is a passive sentence, so we need a pas tpar ticiple, but we don 't need to pu t ' is' again . The meaning o f thesentence decides whether the cor rect answer shou ld be A, B or J.

3 KOnly two p h rases have a passive verb with an 'is', but only K hasthe preposition, wh ich links the phrase to 'a nuclea r family' afterthe gap.

4 BThis continues describing the nuclear family, and on ly B issui table for th is function. The prepositio n ' in ' is an other cluewhich helps us choose the right answer.

S GThis is a Simple Past sen te nce, so we need a Simple Past verb. Jcannot be correct because its meaning doesn't fit the sentence.The co llocatio n 'make decis ions ' shou ld also be fam iliar.

6 JTh is is th e o n ly answer that is poss ible gram ma tically and th atalso makes sense .

7 EWe need a passive sen tence here in the Present (E or K). K can notbe at the en d of a sentence because it fin ishes with a preposition .

8 COnly a noun or an -ing for m can fo llow the prep osition 'w it hout'.

9 ITh e perso na l pro no un 'they' is needed to refer back to 'cou ples'.D is not poss ible because of its mean ing.

10 F

The collocatio n 'get married ' is a he lp ful clue .

Listening

4 1 A psycho logist.2 To parents.3 Five pieces of advice are mentioned in the reco rd ing. You mu st

choose these out o f ID sen te nces (A-J).5 a

The clues that mig ht he lp you decide about the to pic: ' no t to answe rtelephone calls ' (in B), 'open the door' (in C), ' leave your childrenalone' (in D), ' ho use key' (in E), 'u se the cooker' (in F), 'a neighbour'(in H) - which all suggest a ho me co ntext.

158 SMAR T ANSWER KEY

6 LISTENING EXAMTh e recor d ing gives the following pieces of advice:

A We hear 'w hat you really need to assess is thei r mat u rity' as wellas their age.

E We hear ' ins truct them to a lways keep it in the ir school bag' ,whe re th e pronoun 'it' refers to the house key.

F We hear 'leave snacks that they can eat st raight away withouthaving to cook - using th e cooker is the leading cause ofaccide nts'.

G We hear ' have a med ical kit and a fire extinguisher availa ble an dteach your kids how to use th em ' .We hea r' lock away ... alcoho lic dr in ks', whic h gives the sameadvice in different words.

~01 TRANSCRIPT

Radio presenterGood afternoon and welcome to ou r programme, 'Family Tips' . Todaywe' re talking about the prob lems parents have in decidi ng when theirchildren are old enough to stay at home by themselves for the three orfou r hours between school and the time mo the rs ge t back from work. Wehave with us in the studio, psychologist Alex Clarke.Alex, at what age is it safe to give children the front door key and whatsort of things should parents discuss with their children first to ensurethei r safety?Alex ClarkeIt is ge nera lly accep ted that kids between ten and thirteen are capab le oftaking care of themselves and the ir siblings, but what you really need toassess is their maturity. Ifyou're co nfide nt they can follow instructions andha nd le emergencies, the next step is to establ ish some rules. Fi rst, have aplan of act ion for the m to check in with you when they get home - it'simportant they ring you as soon as they get in. Then you shou ld givethe m a call when you leave work to go home. You should agree what todo whe n the phone rings or if someone comes to the house. It is best toteach them never to open the door to anyone, regardless of whether theyknow them or not. Then, little by little, get your children used to a newsituat ion whe re they are left alone - initially for a very short time, say,about 20 minutes. Make sure that you have a trial period in which yourkids can familiarise themselves with using the house key. Instruct them toalways keep it in their school bag and attac h a long key chain that willhelp the m to find the key easily. Make emergency numbers available byleaving them nea r the phone. l eave snacks that they can eat straightawaywitho ut having to cook - using the cooker is the leading cause ofaccident s. Show your children where the medical kit and fire extinguishe rsare and teach your children how to use the m. l ock away med icines andalcoholic drinks. And do n't forget to talk frequently to your children aboutall sorts of situat ions that might happen. You could even use role play as atechn ique for showing the m how to dea l with such situations.

Use of English

7 clean ingWe use 'enjoy' wit h -ing to talk about wha t we like doing.

2 've cleaned /have cleanedPresen t Perfect: completed action with relevance to the time ofspea king ('already').

3 are cleanedPresen t Simple passive (in plura l form) for ha bitua l act ion .

4 is cleanedPresen t Simp le passive (in singu lar form ) for habitual action.

S was cleani ngPast Continuous for one act ion at the tim e of another in the past .

6 will be cleanedFuture passive to express a stro ng prediction.

S 1 inven tio n 4 pu blicat io n2 arr iva l S explanat io n3 improvemen t 6 trainer

TIP: Memorise the different endin gs we can use to make nouns ofverbs.

9 Possible answe rs:I If you believe in som eth ing, then this is one of your beliefs.2 The departure o f a t rain or plane is when it departs from th e

airpor t o r station.3 When people perform they give a performan ce, and thi s can be in

a theatre, sports stadium, etc.

10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI ha s changed

Present Perfect with a period of t ime that conttnues in thepresent.

2 inven ti onWe need a noun after the defi nit e article ' the'.

3 arriva lWe need a noun aft er the def in ite a rticle ' the '.

4 wasThe sentenc e co ntinues the ideas in th e previous sen tence, and soit is the same ten se: Past Simple.

5 are expectedPassive verb in plura l form. The prepc stno n 'by ' is a helpfu l d ue.

6 Improveme ntA noun form is needed afte r an ar ticle and an adj ect ive.

Writing

Writing an email11 I Yes

2 No (not where)3 Yes4 Yes5 No (not when)6 Yes

12 Possible answer:I'm David and I'm from Budapest.. .I do my homework after din ner, but I reall y don 't like doing it..

13 WRITING EXAM

TIP: You must make sure you include all the points listed in Exercise1. You will lose marks if you miss this information out.Pay attention to the word count: don't write too much or too little.Don't try to include other information - for example, do n't describewhat food you eat.

19 Possible answers:do the washing-uppolis h the orna mentsclea n th e bathwater th e plantsdo the hoovering

20 SPEAKING EXAMTIP: You must follow the requirements of the situa tion. Make sureyou talk about all the three points in the instructions.As in the example conve rsation in exercise 17, try to show yourfeelings in the way you talk.

Picture~based discussion21 J If you have o lder brothers and siste rs, they can~ you useful advice.In finit ive witho ut 'to' after modal verbs.

2 In a big fam ily, you may~ learn to be independent.In English , adve rbs of frequency usua lly follow the auxiliary verband come before the ma in verb.

3 If your fam ily is small , you'll probab ly have your own bedroom.This is a co nd it ional sente nce , so we need ' if'.

4 Your bro the rs and sisters can play mth you whe n your pare nts arcbusy.Wrong pre position .

22 1 In 2 to 3 as 4 o n

TIP: These words usually appear toge ther, so it's a goo d idea tomemorise them as set phrases.

23 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must include the four points you are told about. Youcantalk about them in any order you want.

Of course, there are no right or wrong answers here : you just need toexplain your ideas. Using the expressions from exe rcise 22 correctlywill help you to presen t you r ideas.

Higher levelListening

John 's pa rent s come from lip north and movedhere .bf..fQ.u: he was born.

2 Ange la th in ks there are w me problems, in lobn ', fam Uy.3 Angela's family are having a big party next month,~

prefe r to do s,omet hing ehe.4 John 's expec ted to join h is un cle 's company, hut jI's, really bo ring

lhlli.S Angela's always, tQld her older sbter wha t she sho uld do.6 Jo h n 's brother's never s,tlld irc!at un iversity.

3 LISTENING EXAM1 F

Because hi s parents 'moved down here when they decided thatth ey wa nted to start a family' - in ot her words, 10 have kid..: Jo hnand hi s brot her.

2 FShe asks him, 'do you get on well with your famil y?' , but shedoesn 't say whether the family seem happy or not .

, T

She say she 'can 't wait for this party we' re havin g nex t mo nth .'4 F

He is ex pec ted to wo rk th ere, but he says 'I th ink it 's boring.'5 T

She says her sister has 'always helped me out by telli ng me whatto do .'

6 FJohn says that his brot her is ' away at u n iversity' whe re ' he has aIQt of fu n'.

Writing an informal letter14 1 '1' 2 F 3 T 4 T S F 6 F 7 T

15 Everybody thinks, my siste r is very good-look ing. She has a hugeward robe full cl clothes and she:Salways well d ressed - but I th inkshe wears too Illl.ldl ma ke-up! U seems she 's/She seems 1.QJ8 q uitepopular,~ she has a wide circl e of friends. She's always eithe rout with friends Q[ at ho me talking QD the phone to them.

16 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must give all the information req uired :say who you are desc ribing (for example, 'my co usin Angela')explain why you like him/herdescribe his/her appearancesay wha t job/studies he/sh e does.

Try to take advantage of the opportunities here:• use a range of adjectives and adverbs in your description• write complex sentences to explain the reasons.Remember to write in an informal style.

Speaking

Situational role-play17 Possible answers:

1 He's going to clean he r windows.2 They're going to mee t after school.3 She's going to help h im with h is English homework .

.. 02 TRANSCRIPT

See Key to exercise 18.

18 Agne ta I'm really pleased you ca n help me, Mark.Mark That's OK. I know there's too mu ch ho usework for o ne person

to do. What will you want me to do ?Agneta CQuld yeu clean the wind ows?Mark QK. But I'm quite busy right now, Can we do it in the eveni ng

perhaps?Agneta I'm going to the cinema later? Are YQU free afte r school?Mar k Yes, )'11 mt'!'t ye ll at ye m home afte r s,choo!Agneta Fant asticl I mu st return the favour. How call I help you?Mark CQuld you 1)(' In me with my J:m:!js,h homewor J,;? It's really

d ifficu lt th is week.Agne ta 5..uIf..

1 I a

2

2 a 3 b 4 b 5 a 6 b

SMART AN SWER KEY 1S9

.,03 TRANSCRIPT

AngelaI don 't know your fam ily very w ell, John. I gue ss I haven't been to yo urhou se tha t of ten.

'ohnNo - you m ust come round again soon, and have din ner. My parent s arequi te fun . They come from up north, and th en they moved down herewhen they decided tha t they wanted to start a family.AngelaMy family have alw ays lived round here. It's full of my cousins! $0, do youget on we ll wi th yo ur family? You don 't talk abo ut them as much as somepeo ple talk abou t their families.jotmOh yea h, they're fine. It's OK. They bo th work hard , so I do n't see themso m uch.AngelaSomet imes I w ish I saw a little less of min e! But in fact , I'm go ing to seeeverybody soon. 1can't wait for this party we' re having next month.Everyone's coming .,ohnThat sounds like fun. I could do with som e fun .AngelaOh? Is something the matter?JohnWell, it's just tha t I'm exp ec ted to follow tradition and join my uncle 's firmw hen we finish schoo l, but I think it's bor ing. OK for a holiday job,maybe, but that's enough. ..AngelaHm - what can you do? In that kind of situation, I always ask my bigsister. She' s a lways helped me out by telling me what to do.JohnYeah, I wou ld ask my older brot her, but he 's away at university.AngelaBetter than being in your uncle's firm?JohnHe says you have to study hard, but he has a lo t of fun too .AngelaI bet .

Use of English

4 I and2 both3 also4 too

Sente nces I to 4 have the same meani ng.S than6 to7 than

Sen te nces 5-7 have the same mean ing .

S I so2 Because /Since3 why

Writi ng ' the reason ' is not a goo d answer h ere. 11 fit s t hesentence, but the task is to write only one word!

4 Due/OwingDo n 't be tempted to write 'According' becau se yo u see a gap and'to' at the begin n ing of the sen te nce . Always make sure that th eword fits t he mean ing of the sentence.

5 Because6 tha t

This se ntence wo u ld also be co rrect if you left out 't hat'. Bu t theinst ruct ions say yo u m ust write one wo rd in each gap. If writingnothing in a ga p was accepta ble, the ins t ruc tions wo u ld say so!

6 br ingingThe phrasa l verb mea ns 're lease '.

2 checkThe phrasa l ver b means 'leave a hotel (after paying the bill)'.

3 pull edThe phrasa l ver b means 'wi th d raw'.

4 foundThe ph rasa l ve rb mean s 'disco ver' .

5 ca rryTh e ph rasa l ve rb mean s 'complete/fu lfil' .

6 setThe ph rasa l ver b mean s 'start/ leave'.

160 SMART ANSWER KEY

7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 C

Th is ad verb is th e only one of the fou r optio ns tha t can take thi sposit ion in the sentenc e.

2 BA complete beginne r is some one w ho is com p letely a beginner, abeginn er in all ways.

3 AThe ph rasa l ver b ' fin d out' means 'discover' or ' lea rn ' . None ofthe other ch oices here can be a ph rasal verb with 'out'.

4 AThe ph rasa l verb 'set ou t' means 'begin' or 'star t' , par tic ularly on ajourney or process.

5 CWhe n some thi ng h appens, the re are reasons 'why' it ha ppens; weuse ' why' with 'r easons'.

6 DA 'process' is a set or collecti on or series or course of steps ormovement s. You do the se things in orde r to ach ieve a certa inresult.

7 D' Bring ' has th e basic mean ing of ' take (someth ing) fro m ther e toh ere', and so is the correct word for th is situati o n, taking yo ufrom not knowi ng to kn owing people.

Reading

8 1'Fath ers a re ready to parti c ipate in taking ca re of ch ild ren' means thesa me thing as ' fathe rs want to loo k after the baby '. ('Baby' is used torefe r to chil dren in gen eral here.) The phrasa l verbs 'take care' and'look afte r' a re syn onyms .The phrase 'yes, rea lly' is normally used in spo ken English to ex presssurprise.

9 READING EXAM1 d

We read 'pa renting classes wo uld be a good way to give th emmore confidence aro un d the home' . Th e in formation in band c isme ntioned, but not in con nection wit h the parenti ng classes. Thein form at io n in a is n ot me ntioned, even though it fits theconte xt logically.

2 bWe read 'h e sees his respons ibili ties as setting clea r lim its forthem an d being a ro le model' . In th is sense, 'an exa mp le ' is asynonym fo r 'a role mod el '. Sen te nce c is about a d ifferent typ e ofdad (En terta ine r Dad). The text dearly co n tradicts bo th Cl and d.

3 bWe read ' Fu lly In volved Dads ad just t heir work arrangem en ts totheir partners' professional d uties'. The ot her answe rs all conta inwo rds that a rc mention ed in this paragraph , but the genera lmeani ng is different .

4 aWe read 'u nt il we have equal pay ... and more opportunities towor k flexible hour s' followi ng on from 'fee l fully supported on lyif emp loyers t rea ted (and pa id) both sexes eq ually' . The ide a of'wo rking from home' (sentence b) is not men t ioned in theparagraph. Sen tences c and d on ly focus o n the mother, bu t th emain poin t j uue Melior m akes is about giving eq ua l suppor t toboth parents.

Writing

Writing an argumentative essay10 Your own an swers.

11 1 considerin g, answer2 think, refer3 reaso ns, eve r4 look, imp ortance5 fact ors , con clusio n

12 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: l oo k carefully at the statement. It contains three elements, andyou must com ment on all three.Firstly. there is the idea that the family used to be important insociety. You need to say wh ether you think this is true or not. Youmust give reasons.Secondly, there is the idea that th ing s have changed. You mu st saywhat. if anything, you think has changed. Vou must be clear, andgive examples.Third ly, there is the idea that the fami ly is now less important than inthe past. You need to say wh ether you think th is is true or no t. Youmust exp lain why or why not.Consider the wo rd count. You have perhaps 70 or 80 words for eachof these three points, so you need to write several sentences for eachone. Make sure you have enough ideas prepared before you startwriting.Write in a neutral or formal style.

Speaking

Picture-based discussion13 You r own answe rs.

14 1 t he rest of2 your own choice of] th e first step towa rds.. mo re than just

1S SPEAKING EXAM

You must pay attention to th e question in the task, about which is amore important turning poi nt. If you just de scribe the pictures, youwill not get a good ma rk.Explore ideas such as those in exercise H .

Debate16 I h

2 c] e

Not b! Different ly from other langu ages, 'primary' means 'mos timportant'. not 'fi rst'. Th is is a so-ca lled [atse (rimd.

4 fNot cl! The same prepositio n (' in') is used, but the meaning isdiffe rent.

5 g6 ,7 b

TIP: There is ofte n a very simple answer, so you do not always haveto try and find a mo re complicate d one.

H d

17 I first of all / firstly2 leave ou t / d isregard

The mean ing o f the sentence ca n hel p yo u decide th e best answe rhere. The phrase 'even if' int roduces a cond itio n un der wh ich thestatement ' t h is is still a co mplicated issue' remains true.tG rammancally, 'look at ' / 'co nsider' would also be possible.)

3 look at / consider.. moreover / in addition

If you read the two statements carefully, you see they are notmeant to contradict each other. Both say that many people pre fera caree r to sta rting or having a family.

18 SPEAKING EXAMTIP: Try to use at least three or four different argument s to supportyour opinion - avoid repeat ing the same argument again and again.If your partner men tions something you didn't think of, try torespond to the main point in his/h er argument. If you' re not surewhat they meant, ask them to clarify the ir op inion .In this type of task, the communication should go bo th ways - it'snot abo ut giving a long presentation on the topic. The examinerwants to know how you communicate with others, not how muchyou can talk.

2 People and societyReading

1 Possible answer:About clo thes people wear/t he way peo ple dress in the office.

2 bThe meaning of th e ph rase 'd id n' t suit her' in th is con tex t is'd id n' t mat ch her style' . We wo uld say ' till' d ress d idn 't fit he r' ifthe probl em was the size (c). And she wou ld ha ve bou gh t thedress if it had loo ked good on her, so a is wron g.

2 ,The meaning of 'unless' i... ' if not' . The condition of therepl acement is the stamp, which is not me n tioned in either b or c.

3 1 c and FalseWe read 'she'd put on weight and she just couldn't do up the Zip',which means the dress wa... too tight. The problem he re is the stzeof the d ress t'dtdn't fit'), not the fact that Stella d id n't like thedress. (See note in 2 .)

2 a an d Truewe read abou t the gua rantee that you must remember to ' have itstamped', ot he rwise the radio can't be replaced . This is exac t lywh at sent en ce a says.

4 READING EXAMI E and True

We read 'clothes ... m ust always be dean '.2 D and False

We read 'employees should know what is expected'. This is true ofthe workplace dress code in a general sense, but there it doesn 'tsay employers have to specify exactly what items of clothing areacceptable.

3 A an d TrueWe read 'some people arc com ing to work in out fits that resemb lepyja mas'. Pyjamas are very Info rmal (peo ple sleep in them). Inthe previou s sentence, th is in format io n is in troduced with theph rase 'ex tre me limits', sugges t ing th at th is beha viour is unusual.

.. D and TrueWe read 'a client who migh t be o ffended by a more casualap proach ', which means they wou ld n ot find it acceptable.

5 A and FalseWe read 'so me companies introduced the system ', bu t it is notmentioned whether they make up the majority of businesses.

6 C and FalseWc read 'expert s differ in opinions'. There are only 'a few pointsthey agree on'.

7 B and TrueWe read about opponents of th e po licy that they ' pointed outth at casua l dress sty le m ight encourage casua l or sloppy work'.

8 C and PalscThe text says 'ri pped and worn-looking jeans' and ' faded den im 'are una cceptab le, bu t suggest ... th at 'dark jeans wit h a .. . blazer' isfine.

listeningS

Person I Person 2

Male /Fema le? male (a whit e female (youngman) woman )

Age in his for ties in her early twentiesHeight and fairly ta ll (noweigh t overweig ht, info rmat io n

q uite short abo ut her weight)Hai r cu rly, brown long, wavy, blondeOther facial broken nose, (rather) lo ng nosefeat ures moustacheClothes torn blue jeans , short black skirt,

baggy T-shirt black 'l-sh trt. leatherjacket , black boots

Other he 's got a tattoo she 's attractivedistinguishing with the word (nothing specificallyfeatu res 'Angela ' mentioned)

6 LISTENING EXAMI in h is twenties (not forties)2 thi n (n ot overweight)3 st raight (n ot cu rly) brow n hair.. black (not blue) jeans5 late (not early) twenties6 tall and slim (the record ing doesn't say that she's attractive)7 red (not blonde) hair8 whi te t rainers (not black boot... ,

SMART ANSWER KEY 161

~04 TAPESCRIPT

Radio newsreaderThe police are looking for two suspects in connec tion w ith the recentbank robbery in Reading . The first suspect is a white man in his twenties .He is fairly th in, qui te short and he's go t straight, brown hair. He's go t abroken nose and has a mou stache. When last seen, he was wearing tornblack jeans and a baggy T-shirt. He's also got a tatt oo of a heart with theword 'Angela' wri tten in it.The pol ice are also looking fo r a young woman her late twenties. She's talland slim - she's go t long, wavy, red hair. Her nose is rather long . Whenlast seen, she was wea ring a sho rt black skirt, black T-shirt, a leather jacketand white tra iners.

Use of English

7 I possibleThere would be an article before the word if t he noun was thecorrect an swer.

2 corresponde nceA nou n must follow the possessive ad jective 't he ir'.

3 pract icallyThe word modifies 'e very', not a nou n, so an ad ject ive cannot beco rrect .

4 acco mpa niesTh is is the verb for m to match th e sub ject, 'h is assistan t' . Theother opt ion. 'co mpanies' is a plural noun , not th e third personform of a verb.

S cla rifyTh e st ruct ure 'would like to' must he foll owed by a verb.

6 characterTh e ad jective 'main' mo difies a noun .

7 dependWe need a verb afte r the ad verb of frequ en cy 'o fte n' .

8 repor tA ' reporter' is a person, a ' report' is a th ing. Th e meaning of th esente nce decides wh ich nou n is co rrect.

S Possible answers:acc usto m (ve rb), accustomed (adjective), custo mise (verb),customary (ad jective), customarily (adv erb), customer (noun) custom (noun)

2 famou s (ad jective), famed (adjec tive), famously (adverb) - fame(no un)

3 ability (no un), u na ble (ad jective), ably (adverb), inability m ounj -.able (ad jective)

4 co n fidence (nou n), confi de nt (adjec tive), confidently (adve rb),co n ftdent tal (adjective), co nfide n tia lly (adve rb), co n fiden tiality(noun) - confide (verb )

S fam ilarity (noun), un famili ar (adjec ti ve), familia rise (ver b),fam iliari sati o n (noun), familia rly (adverb) - familiar (ad ject ive)

6 iden tify (verb), identi fica tion (no un), identical (ad jecti ve),iden t ically (adve rb), ident ifier (no u n), identifia ble (adjective) identi ty (noun)

7 explore (verb), ex plora tio n (nou n), explo ratory tadject tve) ex plore r (nou n)

8 reference (noun) - refer (verb)

TIP: Note and rem ember the different endings you can use to makedifferent parts of speec h.

9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 accusto med

Th e st ructure 'become exposed' suggests we need anothe rad jective here.

2 famo usThe ad jective mod ifies ' people '.

3 abilityBoth the definite article 'the' and the preposition 'o f' are cluestha t we need a noun form .

4 co n fide ntWe use an ad jective after 'fee l'.

S fam iliariseThe infinit ive of the verb m ust follo w the 't o '.

6 iden t ifyThe infinit ive of th e verb must fo llow the 'to' .

7 exp loreThe in fin itive o f th e verb m ust fo llow the 'to' .

8 referencesThis is th e object of the verb 'explore', and the ar ticle 'the' andthe preposition 'i n' a lso sugges t th is should be a nou n . The pluralcontext ('so ngs') helps us decide th at we need a plural fo rm.


Writing

Writing an informal letter10 I I thi n k being a tee nager today is very diffe rent from when my

pare nts were teenage rs.' I t hin k' in t roduces the idea . The subjec t o f th e sentence is thefact of 'bein g a teen ager today' (formed wit h th e -illS form ) wh ichtakes the sing ular verb 'is'. After 'd ifferent' we nee d to use ' from'wh ich introdu ces the co ntrast with the cla use 'when my paren tswere m y age'.

2 ln some ways we have mo re freedom to day.We have to star t with ' In some' becau se of the capital lett er. Thenwe n eed th e sub ject 'we' followed by the verb ' have' an d theco mpleme nt 'more freedom', with 'today' co ming aft erwards.

3 But in othe r ways life is mo re co mplicated and d ifficu lt.'Hut' introduces the contrast. 'o the r ways ' co mpletes the ph rasewith ' in' . The verb 'is' is fo llowed by the cont rast: 'more .. .',

4 [feel tha t paren ts to day put a lot of pressure on teenagers.' I fee l' must come first (ther e are no other capita l lette rs) and'that' links to the opi n ion . The parents put th e press ure and th epressure goes on the teena gers, in th at order.

S lt is no t possib le for eve ry tee na ger to be th e best.Havin g sta rted with the cap ital letter in ' It is', we need thead jective 'poss ible', and then the st ruct ure 'fo r(some thi ng/some body) + to + infinitive'.

6 Some times I feel I just need some space.Wc have to start with 'Someti mes I' because of the capita l letter.Then we nee d a verb nex t, an d in fact Wl ' need to decide wh ichorder the two verbs shou ld come in . You 'fee t yOll need ', not yo u' nee d yo u feel'. The last word is the object 'space' , before which' v'e say 'how much space': 'so me' .

11 will/sho uld/mustThe modal verb goes wit h the base form o f the verb ('be') toexpress the opin ion with 'be lieve'.anThe in definite article 'a n' here becau se a vowel soun d follows inth e next word, 'i mportant'.o mThe possessive ad jective goes with th e plural ' lives'. (You co uldalso put 'pe op le's' here.)

2 isSingular presen t sim ple th ird person of the verb 'be'.t hat /wh oRelative pro noun to lin k to the defining rela tive cla use .

3 ofCo mp letes the ph rase 'of co urse'.withCo mpletes th e ex pression 'to spend time wit h (som ebody)'

4 toPrefer is followed by 'to + verb'.th anComple tes th e str uct ure ' prefer to + verb + t han (something)'.

S hi sPossessive adjective.withComple tes the ex press ion 'to spend time with (some body)'

6 inCo mpletes the ex pression 'stay in tou ch wit h (somebody)' .atThis is the preposition for attendi ng un iversity.

12 These da ys, man y peopl e live together~gctt tng married.

2 I myself hope to m married one day.3 I~ mee t the right person first.4 [hope ['ll be as hap py in marriage as my paren ts~~.S My co usin wen t to wor k in Scotland and marr ied a Scott ish

woma n .6 Marriage de pe nds on high levels o f pa tience and understand ing.

13 I [) 2 A 3 B 4 C

14 WRITING EXAM

TIPS : You mu st include the three content points listed. You could notreceive a pass mark if you missed one out.Rememb er that you need to discuss the th ree points in relation toyour country. Your pe nt-lend is in the UK, so he/she doesn't knowabout your count ry: you have to explain everything clearly.Within a total of 200 wo rds, you sho uld write abou t 60 or 70 wordsfor each content point: don 't start writing until you are sure you haveenough ideas to do this.Write in an informa l, friend ly style.

Speaking

Higher levelReading

20 Your ow n answers.

21 1 I th ink he) sta nd ing in a tra in station.2 He obviously lili&:i skateboard ing.:3 He's~ like a typ ical business man ..I He's wearing loose,~ clo thes.S I guess that he's i! student.6 I suppose I'd have mo re in common wit h th e younge r man .

22 SPEAKING EXAM

TIPS : Make sure you do all that is requ ired . Youare given fourque stions abou t two peop le: that 's eight things to say.Most importantly, you are asked to compa re and contrast the twopeople. You need to co mment abo ut each person for each question ,and then make a comparison or contrast between them.

Situational role-play15 I B 2 A :\ D -1 C

16 I idea2 suggestio nJ int eresting-t difficult5 com plic ated

17 I Could you explain a bit more?2 How wou ld that work?3 Could you say that agai n?-1 What sho uld we do after that?5 Do you think that idea is best?

18 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: There are no right or wrong answers or ideas here.It' s important that you and your partne r listen to each oth er, andshare ideas. Use the language you have practised in the previousexercises.Make sure that you (an create que stions based on note s. You couldpractise now by writing out full questio ns for each of the questions inthe no tes.

2 READING EXAM

1 FThe ph rase ' th is cen t re of London 's cu ltural act ivity' refers back tothe Royal Nat ional Thea t re, the Nat ional Film Theat re and th eRoyal Festival Hall me n tioned in the p revious sen tence .

2 CTh e next sente nce follows on from th e previou s two sentencesdescrihing the 'cardboard boxes' and each person 's 'much prizedspace'.

3 AThe two things mentioned in thls sentence (jobs and homes) arealso mentioned in th e sen tence before and after the ga p.

4 BThe p revious sentence mention s the ad vice th e Bntt stigovern me nt is giving to people wh o wa nt to do nate to th eho me less. The sen tence after th e gap starts with 'Another way youcan help', which mea ns the missing sentence is about a way tohelp th em , rather than abo ut po litician s' o pin ion about them (()J.

5 EThis paragraph talks about TJ/(' /Jig / SSII (' in deta il.

3 1 F 2A 3G .In se 6 ft 7E 8B(Some othe r co mbi nations are also poss ible, but th e abov e is theonly way to use each word only on ce.)

TIP: Memorise these colloca tions, not just the words that ma ke upthe phrases.

4 Your own answers.

S LISTENING EXAM

1 CWe hear ' I know qu ite a lot about the views and manifestos ofvarious pa rties an d try to follow what's going on both in thewor ld an d at home. So when 1 vote fo r peop le to represent me, Iknow wh at "m doing',

2 B or C3 C or B

We hea r ' I'm goi ng to vote in the general elect ion next year' an d'when I vo te for people to represen t me, I know what I'm do ing',

-1 A o r C5 C or A

We hear ' I'm int erested in many aspects of polilica llife, cspecla tlyint ernational relations and th e way human rights are vio lated inmany co unt ries in Africa an d Asia' and ' I try to follow what 'sgoi ng o n both in the world and at home' .

6 11 o r 07 nor H

We hear 'They seem to have no idea about how to rule th eco untry ' and 'co m pletely uneducated people becomtng officialsand doing jobs they kno w no thing about '

8 AWe hear 'I'm int erested in .. . int ernational rea tt ton s and ...human rights .. , in man y countries in Asia ami Africa' and ' Idon 't pay attention to our local problems .'

Listening

-1 married8 like

l I eWe read 'At th e sout he rn end of Wat erloo Bridge .,. stand theRoyal Natio na l Th eatre, th e Nat ional Film Theatre and th e RoyalFestiva l Hall. ... They have beco me a mecca for the hom eless.'(The word 'mecca' he re means 'a place th at man y people visit fora pa rticular reaso n' .)

2 fWe read 'a th eat re play d irected by the now famou s Oscar-winner,.. Sam xten des'.

3 dWe read 'The 1980s saw an eno rmous inc rease ... man yunemployed came to .,. especial ly Londo n, wh ere jobs were easierto find '.

4 aWe read 't here are arou nd 100 ,000 homeless peo p le'.

5 gWe read 'a no ther way you can help is to buy a w py of Til e BigIssue',

6 bWe read 'Tile Hig Issue is a success on many levels'.

7 cWe read ' Tile Hig Issue has become inte rnational'.

Picture-based discussion19 1 name 2 from 3 livin g

S time 6 clo thes 7 st ress


Writing

Writing a student magazine article8 I be 2 make 3 get ..J spend 5 have

TIP: These are useful collocations (wo rd that often go together),wh ich you can use to describe relationships.

TIPS: An art icle in a magazine is designed to be read by manypeo ple. They will choose to read it, and co ntinue reading to the endof it if, and only if, they find it inte resting . Don 't write just aboutyou rself and your friends - try to make your ideas more genera llyinteresting.Friends and friendship are the subjects of many films and TVprogrammes - you can think abo ut these to give you ideas.Use different ways of presen ting your opinions - do n't just write ' Ith ink.. .' every time.

TIP: l ook at the word endings in this exercise after you've co mpletedexercise 10, as well. Remember the various ways we can make nounsout of adjec tives.

10 1 honest2 kind3 intellige nt..J patientS loyal6 hu morous

The adj ective 'h umorous' is sligh tly different fro m th e ot hers inth is exer cise . It's more commonly used to describe a situat ion or astory that we find amusing. We prefer usin g 'fun ny' to describe aperson who's amusing and enterta in ing.

11 Your own an swer s.

12 AsCo mpletes the expression 'a s far as I'm con cern ed /I know'

2 isSingu lar of the verb 'be' .

3 who/thatRelat ive pronou n to link to th e 'peo ple' . This is a defini ng relativecla use, so 't hat ' is possible as well as 'wh o' .

4 arePlural of the verb ' be'.

S whyUse 'why' wit h ' reaso n' or 'reason s'.

6 ofCompletes the phrase ' first of all '.

7 toCompletes the phrase ' in order to '.

8 InCompletes the phrase ' in addition '.

13 WRITING EXAM

4 loyaltyS pati en ce6 kindness

9 1 humour2 int elligence3 honesty

'" OS TRANSCRIPTRa dio p resenterHello everyone. In ou r prog ramme, 'The World Around Us', we've askedfour teenagers from different co unt ries abou t their po litic al views. Here'swhat they told us.Speake r AI'm in terested in many aspects of po litica l life, especially int ernat ionalrelations and the way hu man rights are violated in ma ny count ries inAfrica and Asia. I believe it's unfair the way people in the third world haveto face so many prob lems they just cannot cope with and, at the sametime, all the economically developed countries become richer and riche r.There's so much food wasted in one place and in anoth er peop le aredying. I don't pay any attention to our local prob lems, all those conflictsbetween various parti es. I don 't vote because the re is no political partyworth voting for.Sp ea ke r 8Well, what I dislike abo ut our politicians is that they constantly criticiseprevious governments but they don't really do anyth ing to improve thesituation. They seem to have no idea about how to rule the country;some of the rece nt regula tions are absurd. I can't see any political optio nthat would meet my expectations. I'm go ing to vote in the ge neralelection next year because I want to do what I can to reduce the num berof unsuitable politicians in Parliament. I'm no t very opt imistic, tho ugh .Speaker (Politics is important because it affects our life. If you want to be arespo nsible citizen, it's your obligation to participate in the po litical life ofyour country. It's a chance to influence the decisions that are important.Besides, if you don't do anything, you have no right to criticise anybo dy. Ihave quite strong political views. I read the papers and watch the news, Iknow quite a lot about the views and manifestos of various part ies and tryto follow what's going on bot h in the wo rld and at home. So when I votefor people to represe nt me, I know what I'm doing.Speaker 0If I cou ld vote, I'm not sure I would do it, because all the governmentswe've had have disappointed me. It makes me feel ang ry and powerlessto see co mpletely uneduca ted peo ple becoming officials and doing jobsthey know not hing about. What 's even worse, most of them are corrupt.They don't really care about the people who chose them and the ir onlyaim is to earn as much as possible.

Use of English

6 I They are warm-hearted. open and frien dly people.2 St Patnck's Day, on 17 Marc h eve ry yea r.3 The first St I'a trtck's Day Parad e was organ ised in Boston in 1737 .4 Most places where the Irish have em igrated . Coun tries men t ioned

in clud e Ireland (Dublin), the UK (Lo ndon), the USA (New York)and Australia (Sydney).

5 It co mmemo rates a Ch ristian saint, but it is a celeb ratio n for allIrish people.

TIP: Notice tha t the qu estions follow the order of the informat ion inthe text .

7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM

l one / passportYou can repeat th e noun from the first half of the sentence, o r use'one' to avoi d repe tition.

2 TheWhen we refe r to a group of people in general (the rich, theEnglish, the homeless), we u se ' the ' to ma ke the ad jective in to anoun.

3 anyThe structure 'more than an y ot her' frequ ently occurs incomparisons.

..J everybody / everyoneWe need a subject here that takes a th ird person singu lar verb.

S areThe passive form after the gap sugges ts th at we nee d th e verb 'be' .The subject 'pa rades ' is plural.

6 itThis is the general subject 'it'.

7 orThe gap is before the last item in a list. It can not be 'and' becausethe sentence is about an yone cit y from the places me ntioned, notabout a// of them.

8 AlthoughThe firs t half of th e sentence de fines the meani ng of th e day inone way, the second half gives a different interpretat ion, wh ichpartly contradicts the first half .

Speaking

Picture-based discussion14 Your own answers.

TIP: There is no righ t or wrong answer here. The po int is using theappro priate ph rases for speculating about the girls in the photo. Lookat the Speaking Bank on page 128 for a list of phrases you can use.

15 Possib le answer:It 's probably the description o f th e girl on the left , the one wea ring adark b lue top with a red str ipe .

16 Your own answers.

17 1 seems 3 tell S seem2 way 4 expect 6 poss ible

TIP: These are also useful phrases for specu lating, which yo u mightwant to memorise.

18 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: Try to relax and take your time with this.The fou r questions will take you through in a logical orde r.Remem ber that because there are four people in the picture, you caneasily make compa risons and co nt rasts between them.Use the langu age you have prac tised in the previou s exercises.


Debate19 Agree: That's right ! I I couldn't agree with you more. I Absolutely! /

My poin t exac t ly. IDisagree: I'm not sure th at's true. I Surely you do n't th in k that.. . I Jdon 't see how/wh y. I Actuall y, ...Acce p t that t he other perso n 's righ t: I see you po int. 1 1 can goalong wit h th at. / 1 take your point.Pers uade the ot her person that you're rig ht: Have youconsidered .. .? I Don't you agree?And your ow n answers.

TIP: Practise different ways of respo nding to the other person'sarg uments. Make lists of the various phrases you can use.

20 SPEAKING EXAMTIP: This type of task often conta ins a very generalised state mentt hat's diff icult to agree with. This is intended to help you take a side.Make sure you use a good variety of phrases (from exercise 19 andth e Speaking Bank on page 128) to react to your part ner'sarguments . Try to make clear arguments to supp ort your opinion,an d avoid repeat ing yourse lf too much.Don' t forget that this is not persona l, so don't get upset when yourpartner keeps contradicting you.

3 Shops and servicesReading

1 aThe article is about the cafes, and although it menti on s bothun healthy food and the English breakfast, it doesn't te ll us aboutthese things in deta il.

2 bThink about wha t the ima ge suggests. When someone is on theirknees , it mea ns th ey have bee n defeated.

2 aAll the th ings me ntioned are foods.

3 bThe list of people that follows the phrase is a clue.

3 I +

2 -3 +

Altho ugh this is subjective. Som e people ma y not like having toomuch choice.

4 +

5 -But some people may find crac ked lin oleum cha rming lyold-fas hioned.

6 -7 +8 +

4 READING EXAMI c

We read 'they are an essen tial part of life in th e UK, especia lly forpeopl e living in bigger cities'.

2 bWe read 'they usuall y have ... a huge m enu offering a widevariety o f delig hts'.

3 bWe read 'In a typical greasy spoon, yo u will find people from allwalks of life' .

4 cWe read 'you have to be really brave to eat it first thing in th emorning, becau se it is h uge' .

5 aWe read 'noth ing can beat the real thing' (noth ing can be bett ertha n the real greasy spoon cafes). Thi s sen tence su ms up th ewri ter's opini on, wh ich is ve ry positive.

Listening

5 The best summa ry is 2.O nly one sen tence men tio ns TV ad vert ising, and none of th em talkabout preventing adverti sing from in flue n cin g our behaviour.

6 1 Band CSent en ce A uses similar wo rds, but the overall m eanin g is co mplete lydiffe rent.2 A an d nTh is is more difficult because it suggests th at 'we' are all 'shoppers'.C is ve ry similar in meaning, bu t it doesn 't talk abo ut how the factaffec ts us whi le the ot he r sentences do.3 A and CSentence B is the on ly one that mentions ad verti sing.

7 LISTENING EXAMI We hear ' If you thi nk you are n ot one of those peo p le whose

bu yin g habits are influenced by adve rtise ments, yo u are mostprobably m istake n'.

4 We h ear 'over th ree quarters had n o problems ma tch ing the mostpo pu lar de terge nt brands wit h their advertisin g slogans'.

S We h ear 'The mu sic, th e sme lls, the arrangements of p roducts, thereductions, all have one goal ... to get as much money as possi bleout of our pocket s' .

7 We he ar '94% of the people takin g pa rt in th e survey adm itt edth ey buy betw een one and five th ings more than is really beyondthe necessary, each t ime th ey visit a supermarket'.

9 We he ar 'never go shopping on an empty stomach . .. you'll buytons of un necessary food'.

'" 06 TRANSCRIPTIf you think you are no t one of those peo ple whose buying habits areinfluenced by advertisemen ts, you are most probably mistaken. The latestsurvey made by The Consumers' Federat ion shows what effect modernadvertising techniqu es have on the decisions of supermarket customers.150 people were asked to fill in a short quest ionna ire just as they wereleaving a Tesco supe rmarket after finishing their shopping.Only 15% of the people adm it they buy things because they've seenthem advertised. The great majority insist they do not even watchcommercials on television. However, over three qua rters had no problemsmatching the most popu lar detergent brands with the ir adve rtisingslogans. And over 60% of the washing powder in the ir shopping tro lleysbelo nged to one of th e three most wide ly advertised brands.Most peop le do not realise that advertising aims not on ly at pe rsuadingthem to buy a certa in brand . It's also all the techniques supermarkets useto make customers buy more than they have actually planned . The mus ic,the smells, th e arrangement of prod ucts, the red uctions, all have one goal- to get as much money as possible out of our pockets. 94% of thepeopl e taking part in the survey adm itted they buy between one and fivethings more than is really necessary, each time they visit a supe rmarket.How to avoid spending too much? Here are a few tips:First of all, always make a shopping list and stick to it, no matter whatspecial offers you com e across.Second ly, never go sho pping on an em pty stomach - you' ll buy tons ofunn ecessary food.It you really have to take children with you, ag ree in advance what onething you'll buy them an d don't change you r mind later, when they gettired or excited.And, ab ove all, limit the time spen t in shops to an ab solute minimum;don 't treat shopping as a leisure-time activity.Do we have any chan ce in the battle against the powerful advertisingmachine? I doubt it. Most of us like spending time in supermarkets, evenif we don't realize it. It's become on e of ou r favourite pastimes, somethinglike huntin g co mbined with a family picnic.

Use of English

8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI c

The collo cation is 'success story'.2 c

Present Perfect wit h 'si nce'.3 d

The colloc at ion is 'ru n a shop/business'.4 c

The meaning we need here is 'ma de a dec ision to do somethi ng'.5 b

We need an object in the struct ure: find (somet h in g) + ad jective.Whe n the ob ject is a who le cla use or sen tence, we use 'i t' to avo idrepeat ing all the informati on.

6 dThe mea ni ng of the words helps us decide.

7 bTh is sentence in t roduces an argumen t wh ich con tradicts the ideasin th e previous sen tence, so a lin king wo rd wit h a contrasti ngme ani ng is neede d.

8 bTh is is the only phrase of th e four that can be used befo re theve rb.

SMART ANSWER KEY 16S

14 WRITING EXAM

Speaking

Writing

3 If we consider-l The issue o f

Tip: Make sure that the sentences halves match grammatically as wellas logically.

21 Your own ideas.

22 I Unlike2 Com pared to

2 READING EXAMFWe read that 'bubble jun iors ' are ' the 9- to I-t-year old daugh tersof Japan ese women. Boys are not referred to as ' bubble jun iors'.

2 TWe read 'They are the potential t rendsetters, like college girls inthe 1980s and hig h-school gir ls in the 1990s'.

3 FWc read 'sales .. . have shrunk by alm ost 10' )(1in the last fiveyears' .

4 TWe read 'They don 't want to wear what's in tile kids ' sect ion.Rather, they mix mature sty les with bright co lours . ..' ,

5 TWe read 'the ta rget age group is shrin king'.

6 Fwe read 'bubble mums, u nlike th ose o f ear ne r generations, arecom for tab le spending a fortune on out fits' .

TIP: These are useful phrases for comparing different ideas or images.

23 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You should use the structure for speaking provided by theexam task. You have a list to follow, containing several things tocompare/co ntrast in relation to the pictures.There are many things that you can say about this subject. There areno right or wrong answers. You have your own experiences whichyou can make use of when speaking.Youcould also refer to othe r kinds of shops as well as the ones shownin the pictures here. This could support your ideas.Try to use structures and phrases such as the ones in exercise 22 toshow whe n you are introducing a new part of your discussion .

1 I Fashion.You find the information in line 3, in the first paragraph . This isconfirmed by the information in lines 18-19, in the th irdparagraph where the text mentions the ' retail-clo th ing indust ry'.

2 Bubble juniors (9- to i-t -year-old daught ers of japanese women ).You find the information in line 11, in the seco nd paragraph .

3 They are the only dynamic customers left in the Japaneseeconomy.You find the information in lin es 9.10, in th e second paragraph.

TIP: You should be able to find out what the general subject of anarticle is from the first few paragraphs. These paragraphs introducethe topic, while later paragraphs give further details or the writer 's(and others ') views.

Higher levelReading

16 A I need a new came ra battery and some pnn tcrpaper.

B I expec t you 'll find everything will Low t' rfce Store .C Here's a € 20 not e - I can' t afford~ than that.D It wou ld be great il you went tom orrow morning.E It's fur my cousin and his wife 's wedd ing ann iversa ry.F I don 't use them very often, so they last me a lo ng time.G I'm no t sure if it 's 7 or 8.

17 I 0 2 A 3 C 4 B S G 6 E 7 F

18 Your ow n ideas.

19 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: The requirements of the speaking task are both dear andspecific. You must include these in your discussion.Your discussion will be much more interesting ifyou react to whateach other says. Youcan say that you also like something, or you canbe surprised by the cost of something. Maybe finding a suitable timecan be a little complicated.See this as an opportunity to talk together, not a race to finish asquickly as possible.

Picture·based di scussion20 l e 2b 3d -la 5cS R4 A

9 R

an'Questio n' needs the indefin ite art icle , and it needs to be 'an'because of the vowel sou nd of 'easy' afte r it.be'Have to ' is followe d by the base form o f a verb. 'Be considered' ispassive .

2 ItEnglish requires a sub ject for every sentence, even whe n It seemsto have little mean ing, as here.no tTh is is required to make th e mean ing negat ive.

:~ toTh is completes the struct ure 'way(s) to + verb'eac hCo mpletes 'each et he r'.

4 nfCompletes the ex pression 't ime of (some thing)'; here th e 'greatchange' is what characterises the time we are living in .isSingu lar present simple of 'be', used in the structu re 'be go ing to '10 describe the future.

TIPS: Firstyou need to decide how to respond to the statement. Youcould agree with it, disagree with it, or make a mixed response - forexample, you could accept that post offices are not necessary whenthere is email etc, but you could say that they should stay open as acommunity service.Your introdu ction should briefly say what you are going to argue. Theparagraphs that follow should be a series of clear and logical step s.You should write in a formal style.You should link your argument5 dosely together. Make sure you havesome useful ways of doing this ready. Use language such as, 'Thereare a number of reasons why.. .', 'When you conside r situations suchas.. .', 'Despite the fact that the Internet.. .', and so on .

9 rates (an cx tsttng co llocation ' success rate ' that 'sactually wro ng in th is co n text)

2 wou ld grow (another form of th e verb 'grow' but not Prese ntt'er fec n

3 ope rated (a synoll}'m of ' run' but it can o nly refer to mach ineryor an orga nisation , not to a shop or busin ess)

-l settled (a syno nym of ' resolved' but without the suggestion of anaction you deci ded to take)

S thinks about it (similar mean ing , but doesn't fit the sentencegrammatically)

6 estimated (different mean ing , but similar form to 'estimable,whic h is also a wrong an swer )

7 by th e way (a link word , but not the right meaning)B an y mo re (the right meaning but cannot be used before the verb )

NOTE : In this task, the point is that the extra wrong answe rs have 10be similar to the options a--d in one way or another.

Situational role-play1 5 I What t tme would you like me 10 go shopping for

yo u?'What tim e' is sim ilar to 'when'. Note the o rder of 'wou ld you likeme 10 ' in a qu estion .

2 what thi ngs do you need me to get for you?'Th ings' is th e subject of the sentence. Note the use of theauxiliary 'do ' to form q uest ions.

3 How much are you prep ared to spend altoge the r?Note the word order 'are you prepared ' for th e question form, antith e position o f ' altogether' afte r the verb 'spe nd ' .

-I Whic h sho ps do you th in k I sho uld go to?Note th e use o f 'do ' and th e word o rde r for th e q uestio n fo rm .

S Wh en do es the su permarket shu t toda y?Note the use o f the aux iliary 'does' to form th e question .

6 Wh o arc you goi ng to give the prese nt to ?Not e the word order to form the ques tio n.

7 Why don 't yOll want th e larger pack?Not e the use o f the negati ve aux iliary 'don't' to form th is negauvequest ion .

Writing an argumentative essay10 Possible answers:

IB 2 A 3A6B 7 A 8B

11 Your own idea s.

12 Your O\·vn answers.

13

166 SM ART ANSWER KEY

Listening 7

3 I ~HT S F5242 June the 13t h 6 34 .49:I j un 7 04 75 8384; JGX 8 VBVW

7 PWe read 'Nl cola . .. printed 1O,(XXJ copies of an issue', The art icledoesn't say that it's something that happpens ever y month.

8 TThe sentence is a summary of the final paragraph .

TIP; If you made any mistakes in this exercise, now think about whyyou made these mistakes. Which sounds or types of stress are d iff icultfor you?

~ 07 TRANSCRIPT

See Key to exercise 3 above.

4 Your own answers.

S LISTENING EXAMI Bnwles S beige2 Heat h 6 £2 4.993 BY) 7RX 7 calcu lator-I travel bag

~ 08 TRANSCRIPT

ManGo-World Home Delivery. How may I help you?WomanOh, hello. I'd like to place an orde r.ManCertainly . I' ll just take the details.WomanRight.ManCan I start by taking your name please?WomanYes, it's Bowles, Iesska Bowles.Manrs that Iessica with a G or a J?WomanWith a J. And then it's B·O-W-l-E-S.M anFine. And your address...WomanIt's number eighteen, Heath Stree t, Byford . That's H·E·A-T-H.ManGood. And I need the post code.WomanOh yes, of cou rse. It's B-Y- l , er, 7-R-X.ManR-X, thanks. Fine, right now, what was it you wanted to order?WomanWelt, I've been looking in the catalogue, and I'd like to get a travel bag.ManThey're great quality, yes. And good value. They're available in a range ofcolours.WomanYes,an d I think it's the beige that appeals most.ManVery nice. You've seen the price?WomanYes, they're twenty-four pound s nine ty-nine pence each, or twenty-twoninety -nine if you buy two.ManThat's right.WomanWell, I only want on e.ManFine. Now have you chosen your free gift? From the ones shown on pagetwenty in the cata logue?WomanOh yes, a diary or a calculator. I thi nk a calcu lator would be useful.ManGood cho ice. OK, well, I'll pu t this straight through and then you shouldbe ge tt ing the .

Use of English

6 The best summary is c.Newspapers oft en use short, effecti ve words in th eir titl es to grabread ers ' attention. The verb ' h it' is used inst ead of ' ha vc a ne gativeimpact on' .

It (probab ly) contributed to the appearance of h oles in the ozon elayer, inc reased po llution and caused th e (po lar) ice caps to melt.

2 2.6 kilog rams in 199 7, 2.2 kilograms (or 1,000 cups) in 2002.3 Co ffee, iced tea and healt hy dr ink alte rna tives, for exa mple fruit

teas.4- Tur key, the UK and Ind ia.

TIP: The order of questions usually follows the order of informat ionin the article .

8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI been

This is a passive verb in the Present Perfect tense.2 lot

Th e ph rase refers back to the fairly high cons umpt ion figures inthe previous sentence. Ot her synonymous ph rases cannot followth e ar ticle 'a'.

3 ApartThe collocation 'apart from' means the same th ing as 'bes ides',which could also be used to intro duce connected facts.

4- to I towardsThe ph rasal verb is 'tu rn to ' or ' turn towards' to sugge st a changein customers ' be haviour,

5 however I converselyA linking word with a contrasting meaning Is ne ed ed here to saythat hot tea consumption is decreasing. but iced teas arebecoming mo re popula r.

6 suchWc use 'such as ' to gin' an exa mple here for ' he althy d rinkalte rnatives' me nt ioned before the ga p.

7 eve nVery o ften. 'eve n ' is used 10 reinforce ' though'.

8 forThe verb ' look for ' means 'sea rch' or 'see k'.

Writing

Writing a letter of co m p la in t9 Your own idea s.

10 Alth ough our flight was delayed by three hours, we didn't receiv ean explanation .

2 We were ext remely surprised beca use our hotel room was nevercleaned dur ing our stay.

3 lt was very disappointi ng th at the gu ided tour of the his to ric citycen tre was ca nce lled.

4- We beca me terribly tire d because we coul d hear cars an d buses alln igh t .I A 2 C 3 D 4- B

11 WRITING EXAM

TIP: This kind of writing task requires you to use your imagination.Don't be too imaginative - terrible problems on your holiday on themoon and S80 billion compensation are fun ideas, but for the examyou should be practical.Think abo ut how you will me the 200-250 words . The fourth point isprobably goin g to be shorter than the others.For the third point, make sure you are d ear about how you wereaffected. Don't just say ' I was very angry'; it's be tte r to say somethingabout the late train meani ng you missed your dinner at the hote l, sohad to go to a restaurant so you spent more money, etc .Write in a formal, business-like style.

SMAR T ANSWER KEY 167

Speaking

Picture-based discussion12 Your own ideas.

13 ill my opinion, supermarkets offer an exce llentrange of dif feren t goods to choose from .Th e phrase 'in (one's) opin ion' is a useful one toremember, when yOll have to talk about yourviews.

2 I thi nk!!l.itl superma rkets have too many products on theirshelves.

3 What do I want with twen ty kinds of washi ng powder - I QD1x~ I have only one wash ing machine.The position of 'only' usua lly depe nds on what you want toemphasise: before the verb, it refers to the whole statement, afterthe verb, it refers to the object ('one washing m ach ine'). In th issentence, the re's no real difference in mean ing.

4 It's much bette r to have choice when you are shopping - the re areso many delicious foods in the world and J don 't want to missany.

14 I Although'Although ' is used to connect two co ntrasting ideas or facts, bothin complete sentences.

2 and'And' lin ks two related th ings together.

3 because'Because' is used when what comes after it gives the reason forwhat co mes before it.

4 Despite'Despite' is used to co nnect two contrasti ng ideas or fac ts, whereone of them is a noun ph rase and the other is a co mp letesentence.

15 5PEAKING EXAMTIP: In this situation, the exam task requi res you to produce a lot ofideas . You should be able to do this by looking at the picture andthinking at the same time. Then you will produce ideas like the list inexercise 12.Try to make use of other ideas as well as your own opin ions. Forexample, although you may like supe rmarkets, you can say, 'manypeople, especially older people, prefer to go to small, local shopsbecause they enjoy chatting to the people who work the re.'The question is about 't he customer', and there are many differentcustomers - use this fact to help you produce lots of ideas .

Debate16 Your own answe rs.

Tip: Try to think of more than one way of completing each counterargument.

17 5PEAKING EXAMTIP: First decide if you agree or disagree with the statement. Think ofyour arguments - but don't fee l you have to use every one of thembefore you finish. It's more important to respond ap propriately towhat you hea r than to persuade you r part ner that you're righ t.Make sure you respond to every statement your partner makes, eitherby saying you agree or using the phrases from exercise 16 or theSpeaking Bank on page 128 to present counter-arg uments.

4 HomeReading

1 B.The helicopter is used to set the scene, but if you read the paragraphcarefully, you find that it te lls us a lot more about the way Englishpeople live.

2 2 AKey wo rds include: 'mislead' and 'confusing'.3 CWe read 'The house numbers are ... camouflaged' (h idde n ordisguised) .4 DWe read 'The ma nia for home Improvem en ts is massive'. The phrase'nest bui lders' refers to people who spend a lot of time and effor tmaking thei r homes more comfortable to live in.S IIWe read that DIY is 'an opportunity to exercise our creat ive talents'.Th e reference to 'artists' in the heading here is an exaggeration.


3 I Our neighboursThird person plural noun to match the third person pluralpronoun .

2 the houseIt can not logically be 'the price', the o n ly other noun 'it' mightrefer to.

3 She considered it the happiest period in her life.Her happiness was the reason for he r buying a house.

4 READING EXAM1 E

The phrase 't hese boxes' refers back to 'rows o f small boxes'mentioned in the previous sentence.

2 ATh e word 'its' refers back to 'an English home' mentioned in theprevious sentence.

3 DThe mean ing of the wo rd 'camouflaged' is explained in themissing sen tence.

4 FThe second part of the missing sentence refers forward to theinformation about the English people's obsess ion with homeimprovements in the next sentence.

S BThe statement before the gap is commented o n in th e missingsentence. Then the nex t sentence 'we see the arrangeme nt .. . asan expression of our un ique personal taste' refers back to 'we liketo th ink ' in sentence H.

Listening

5 Possible answers:cannot be 1988 o r 2003, as the numbers are too large fordistances wit hin a count ry.

2 definitely cannot be 1988 or 2003, an d the speaker would notlikely to have been 38 or 68 when h is bro ther was born.

3 is probably 38 or 68, or maybe 20, but not less or more.4 can on ly be 2, 3 or 4 because people don 't nor mally have 20

bedrooms o r more in their homes .S can only be 1988 or 2003 because it's about a year.6 is probably 20 or 38, or maybe 68, but not less or more.7 may be 2, 3 or 4 because the speaker is talking about a flat he

shared with other stu dents, not a ha lls of reside nce or hos te l.

6 L15TENING EXAMI 202 33 684 25 19886 387 4

We he ar 'Five of us rented a flat in the city centre' but thisnumber includes the speaker, too.

~09 TRANSCRIPT

Whe n I was born, my parents were living in a house in a sma ll villageabout 20 kilometres from the capital. I was three years old whe n mybrother was born and my parents decided that we needed a larger home.We first moved into a rented flat for fifteen months while the new blockof flats we were going to move to was being completed. I don't think mypare nts liked the rented flat because it was smaller than our old house.We finally moved into the capita l at the beginning of 1988. Our flatwasn't really large, only 68 square metres, but there was eno ugh room fortwo adults and two small boys. There were two bedrooms, a cosy livingroom with a balcony, a small bathroom and a kitchen, where we used tohave the family mea ls, as well.I started school the following September, and my brother went tokindergarten. I still remember my first day at school. I even rememberthat the re were 38 students in my class - but of course I've long forgottenmost of thei r names by now.We lived in the same flat all the time I was at school. I only moved houseagain when I started un iversity in 2003 . I decided to study forestry so Ihad to move to a town near the border. Rents were quite expensive, so Idecided to move into a shared flat. Fiveof us rente d a large flat in the citycen tre, and shared all the housework. I had the time of my life! I'm stillliving in the same town, but I'm sharing with just one person now. It'smo re comfortable bu t I often miss the big parties we used to have at theother place.

Use of English7

piece of furniture number o f ite ms

fireplace 1ches t of dr awers 1bed 1d ressing table 1wickerwork chairs 2Wilton carpet I

8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMbWe use ' lead ttnuo' or 'o pen to' whe n we refer to doo rs betwe enrooms of the house .

2 dOn ly 'pass' can be used with ' to'. We use 'a mve wit h 'a t', and'en ter' and ' reac h' Witho ut a preposit ion .

J bPast Perfect is needed here to talk about someth ing tha t happenedbefore the past event we arc describing.

4 bThe adjec tive ' tow' can on ly be used logically wit h 'ce iling ' .

S hwe are talking about one of the ot her th ree corners of the roomhut we don 't s<ly whi ch one.

6 ,The ph rasa l verb 'make up ' means 'co nst itute' or 'for m ',

7 bWe need a noun after the prepostnon 'in',

8 aThe phrasal verb ' take in ' mean s 'o bse rve/exami ne carefully '.

Writing

Writing an email9 I th ink th e best plan? in t.b..e. world is the his to ric to wn o f Hury St

Ednumds. I know this town IT[)': / iQ well because it 's where I~l2w.n / anurcm. It 's abeautiful town , and there's a mar ket eve ryweek - visitors~ from everywhere. Th e local people ill friendly.

10 The text contains all the required info rma t ion except th e seco ndpoi n t: the read er o f this text is not told wh ere Bury St Edrnunds is.

11 Your ow n ideas.

12 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must include all the information listed in the exam task.You shou ld explain something about each po int; don't just state theminimum fact in each case. Look at th ese examples: which do youthink is more inte resting for the reader?It 's called Cambridge. or It 's called Cambridge, because it's where there ;so bridge over the River Cam.

It 's in England . or It's in the east of England, about an hour away fromLondon.I went there last year. or I spent a week there fast summer, visiting somerelatives.

There are a fat of old buildings. or There are man y examp les of historicarchiteaure.However, remember you on ly have a maximum of 50 words , so youcan' t expand on everything.

Writing an informal letter13 Your ow n ideas.

14 Qn.c plan' yOll really must visit is __ .'Place', the sub ject, comes afte r 'o ne '. Note that 'really' comesbefo re 'must' whi ch comes before ti ll' verb 'visit' .

2 [also suggest going to _ _ .Note the posit ion of 'a lso'.

3 Ai...fill activities, I'm sure you' d en joy _ _ .' I'm sure' expresses th e spea ker's opin io n about wh at foll ows:'you 'd (wo uld) en joy' .

4 A.u.!:.!.tb..tl lnr cresttng th ing to do is _ _ -'Another' mu st he abo ut a ' th ing', and the adjective ' fu n ' mustcome before the nou n it des cribes . The sub ject of the sen tence isth e phrase 'another fun thing to do'.

S W1.crl yo u feel hungry. don 't forget to eat _Th is st ruct ure is used to give advtce or inst ruct io ns .

6 A d rink you 'll love is called __ .'Drin k' must COIll I? after 'a ' as it 's the only nou n that can beco un table. "rc u'tllove' (= 'wh ich you'lllove ' descr ibes the kindo f drink it is.

15 You r own an swers.

16 WRITING EXAM

TIP: The job of this lette r is to answer the question s it asks. Thewriter of the letter you received needs to know certain things, and itis your responsibility to provide this information. You must tell yourpenfr iend about:

places to visit• act ivities to do• food and dr ink to try.You also need to respo nd to you r friend's comment that it is sad youwill be away.Don't just list places, activities, food and drink. Explain why yo urecommend each thing.Use a friendly and informal style.

Speaking

Situational role-play17 J D 2 B 3 C 4 A

TIP; The sentence halves must mat ch logically as well asgrammatically.

18 I AThere is ll O verb in B, but you always need one in a completesentence.

2 BThe adv erb 'q uite' expresses how important it is. Although'al most' has a similar meaning, we don 't normally use it withsub jecti ve judgements.

3 B'Th in k' (in the sense of ' have an opinion o n something') is astauve verb, an d can no t be used in the Present Co nt inuo us.(Whe n we do use thi s ten se with 'th in k', the verb refers to theprocess of thinking.)

4 BWe norma lly use ' impo rtance' wit h 'o f' and a noun.

S A'From (somebody's) po in t of view' is a useful phrase for expressi ngYO llT opi n ion. The other phrase correctly is ' in you r opin ion', no t' from ..

19 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS; You mu st talk abou t all the points on the list. Both you andyour partner should expres s ideas and/or opinions abo ut each one .You must make sure that you get the timing right : you need to haveenough time to decide together which two points on the list are themost important.With seven points and two conclu sions, you need to work efficientl y.Make connections qu ickly between each point and what it means foryour partner and his/he r family. What can or can't they do?

Picture-based discussion20 I o f

Bo th ' neither' and 'e ither' are fo llowed by 'o f'.2 than

Notice 'more' be fore the word 'gree n' before the gap: yo u oftenneed to look further than the gap itsel f to get th e answer.

3 notYou need to th ink about th e meaning of th e whole sen tence inthe context o f the text to understan d that thi s ha s a negativemean ing .

4 In'In ' goes before ' fact'; ' in fact' ha s a sim ilar mea ning to 'actually'.

5 is'Is' with 'd isappearing' forms the prese nt co ntin uo us, used herefor some thing th at is ha ppen ing as we speak.

6 toCo mpletes the structure 'co n tin Ut' to + ver b' .

7 In' In' goes before 'additio n'; ' in add ition' has a similar mean ing to'additionally' .

8 onNote th e passive here, ' to be built '. You need to follow the wordo rder in th e sentence to see th at th e land is built 'o n ' - yo u buildon land.

21 Your O\·vn ideas.

22 You r own Ideas .


23 livesWc use a third perso n singular noun with 'somebody'.

2 preferTo express our likes, we can use 'prefer ' with an infi ni tive with' to '.

3 tir edThe structure 'tired of' usuall y refers to a situation that we findan noying.

4 findThe verb ' find' oft en goes together with ' peace and qui et'.

S look ingWe use an -ing form afte r 'en joy' .

24 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: The four questions in the exa m task provide a clear structurefor you to follow. Make sure that you use the m to help you org aniseappropriate points about the pictures .The questions cha nge in focus.The first one asks you to relate one of the pictures to your own life.You should say something like, 'This picture is more similar to where Ilive beca use I live in a large city and this city centre scene is morefamiliar to me . It's the kind of place where I sit with my friends,enjoying ... 'The second and third questions, however, are more ge neral. Do no ttalk only abo ut you r own life here . Say general th ings about life inthe city and countrysid e.The last que stion asks for your own op inion. The q uestion isn't aboutwhere you spend your holidays, but about where you would prefer tospend your holidays.

Higher levelReading

1 Th e answer is b.The word 'co nve rted' suggests a change in th e fu nctio n of thebuild ing that students live in . The other answers all contain keywords from th e title, but th e overall meaning is quite different .

2 READING EXAMl A

We read 'There is no heating system, no centra l cool ing system,no residential garbage service, no mail service ami no parking' .

2 CWe read ' It's the very first apartment building bui lt in Tucson'.

3 [)We read 'C astle Apartments . . was a hospita l, tuberculostssanttartum , nursing ho m e

4 AWe read 'The open architecture allowed th e room- mat es to hostparti es wit h up to 600 peopl e '.

5 [)We read 'The building ... has th irty- two apart me nts'. (A: 'LaurenIlenz ami he r four room -mates live in Studio Apartments'; B: 'thebuilding was divided into four separate apartments'; C: 'Thehi storic building has seventeen uni ts in it '.)

6 11We read 'Residents have come out o f their bedrooms to findeld erly men ... looking for electrical supplies' .

7 AWe read 'Th eir loft-style apartment ... has been ... a recordingstud io'.

8 11We read 'the building was divided into four separate apa rtmentstwo years ago'.

9 J)

We read 'She 's so cool. what other landlord would let you putholes in ceme nt walls?'

Listening3 1 b

Only three sentences (3, 4 and S) talk about doctors, and none ofth e ment ion th e Int ernet .

2 ,Sentences 1, 4 and 6 make it d ear that 't he outback' is a place.

4 Likely topi cs: Med ical care, Educat ion , Distances between people.Doctor s are mentioned in sen tences 3, 4 and 5. Sent ence 6 is abo utch ild ren go ing to school. Sentence I mentions how far peopl e livefrom th eir neigh bours.

170 SMA RT AN SW ER KEY

S LISTENING EXAM1 T

We hear 'your nearest neighbours are over lOO kilom etre s away'.2 F

We hear ' some peop le are lucky enough to have email and theInte rnet but many do not even ha ve a telep hone line'.

3 FWe hear 'doctors fly to an emergency in a small aerop lane orhelicopter'.

4 TWe hear 't hey can arrive at any place within n inety minutes'.

5 FWe hear 'the re arc thir teen flying do ctor bases' .

6 rWe hear 'som e kids go to boardin g schoo l' .

7 TWe hea r 'most outback child ren use thei r two-way radi os to listento their teachers' and 'others have their lesson s sen t by post' .

'" 10 TRANSCRIPTWelcome to 'Our Neighbou rhood', the programme that looks at differentplaces and conditions that people live in. Today we're visiting th eoutback, a distant part of Australia far from the main population centres .Imagine you're living on a farm and your nearest neighbours are over 100kilometres away. It certa inly is very lonely and isolated. And this is how itfeels for many people living on farms in the outback of Australia, far awayfrom the cities and towns. Some people are lucky enough to have e-mailand the Internet but many do not even have a telephone line. Everyonehas a two-way radio. You can listen as well as talk into it, and it is themost important means of contact with other people.When someone needs a doctor urgently, they use their two-way radio tocontact The Flying Doctors . That's a special medica l service that covers sixmillion square kilometres of Australia. The doc tors fly to an emergency ina small aeroplane or helicopter and they say they can arrive at any placewithin ninety minutes . There are thirteen flying doctor bases in Australiawith thirty-eight aeroplanes and helicopters. They visit 150,000 peopleevery year.Another problem to solve is education. How do you go to school whenyou're livi ng five hundred kilometres from the nearest one? Some kids goto boarding schools, others have their lessons sent by post. But mostoutback children use th eir two-way radios twice a day to listen to the irteache rs and to communicate with them and with other outbac kstudents.(Destination; Australia, Surviving in the Outback, Crown 1, 1999.© Mary Glasgow Magazines/Scholastic. Reprint ed by pe rmission of MaryGlasgow Magazines .)

Use of English

6 1 A is cor rect.B I get on the bus w++H- just outside my hous e.The phrasal verb 'get on with ' means 'to have afriendly or good relat ionship with' someone .

2 A My aunt grows *r her ow n vegetables.B is co rrect .The phra sal verb 'grow up' means ' becomeolder or adu lt or more mature as a person ' andis intransitive.

3 A I en joy wat ch ing * football, bu t I am no goo dat playin g it.

B is correct.' It' is a pron ou n, and so rep laces a no un wherenecessary - as in ' play ing it' - bu t isn 't used as well asthe noun.

4 A is correct.B Although I like how he l ooks~, I think he'svery boring to ta lk to.The q uest ion , 'What does he look like?' do esn 'tusually need ' like' in the an swer. Don 't get confusedwith the ot her use: ' ~v//{) does he look like?' 'He lookslike his brot her.' - meaning that he has a sim ilarappearance to his broth er's app ea rance.

S A My au nt~ is my favourite relati ve an d hercooking is fantastic.

B is corr ect.You don't nee d 'who' here; th ese are two simplesta te ments con nected by 'and' .

7 I The population of the USA is 250 m illion.2 The most int eresting perso n I know is - my friend Tcm as.3 - People are the sam e all over the world.4 - Pollut ion is th reaten ing th e fut ure of the earth .S I love - life and I love being in - love .

8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM

o -'00 up

The phrasal verb 'use up' mean s 'use all o f it', whic h is not themea ning here.th ereThere is no place in th e previous sentence th at ' there' could refer to.

2 the'Peo ple ' is used here in the gen eral sense, so we don 't need thedefinite article,

:3 toThe verb 'start' can be used with an infinitive and ' to' and wit h an .illS form . but we can' , use 'to' before the -ing form..-'

5 inThe sentence refers to pictures of Greek temples. to co nt inue theexample.

6 -'7 it

The subject of the sentence, 'The invent ion o f glass' is the re, sothe re's no need for a pronoun to replace it .

H butThe sec-ond part of th e sen tence explains th e importance of th einve n t ion of glass. There's nothing we need to co ntrast it With, usin g'hut'.

9 soThe passive verb form here is 'are being used' (presen t Con tin uouspassive).

10 forThe expression is 'Let's wait and see!'

Writing

Writing a student magazine article9 Your own ideas.

10 Your own ideas.

11 Your own ideas.

12 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must write about all of the four listed aspects in yourarticle. Ifyou miss one out, you will lose marks.Think carefully about the function of what you need to write for thearticle.For the first point, you describe the situation.For the second, you evaluate.For the third, you suggest or recommend.For the fourth, you predict or speculate.Make sure you use appropriate structures and expressions for eachfunction.Remember that this is an article for a student magazine - try to writein a lively, entertaining style. Don't produce a dry report.

Speaking

Statistics-based discussion13 Possible answers:

1 \ Iy city has a much smaller population than Lo ndon.2 The temperature this month is sligh tly hotter than last month.J My Eng lish ho mework ta kes me a lot longer to do than my Math s

homework does.4 My last holida y was a disaster - but I really hope my next holiday

will be fun .

TIP: There is more than one way of comparing things. You can usecomparative adjectives (for example, smaller, hott er) or you can usecontrasting sentences, like sentence 4 above.

14 surprisedPeople are su rpr ised by th ings. Also see the no te for S below.

2 39%The information comes from the table.

3 seemsVou need a third person singula r verb afte r 'it'.

4 supposeYou need the main verb here after '1'.

5 sur prisingThings arc sur prtstng for people. Atso see the note for I above.

6 67 %The information co mes from th e table .

7 stranges tYou need an adject ive to say what kind of 'thi ng' you're talkingabout.

H 10The in format ion comes from the table.

1S SPEAKING EXAM

TIP: Remember that this isn't a Maths test. The informat ion in thetab le is there in orde r to enable you to speak, not to frighten you.You're not being tested on your general knowledge. If you don'tknow the actual facts for the first question, it doesn't matter - noticethe words 'you th ink' in the q uestion. Youcan say, ' I really don'tknow how these statistics compare, but I imagine that it's much... .'The third question gives you the opportunity to use yourimagination. For exampl e, perhaps the fact that more women havejobs now in the US than in 1995 is importa nt.

Debate16 SPEAKING EXAM

TIP: You're probably going to argue against the statement, whichreflects an old-fashioned view of families. Nonetheless, try to think ofarguments f2r the sta temen t as well, so you're better prepared forresponding to these.While you're doing the task, make sure you refer back to thestat istical informat ion in exercise 15 to support your arguments.It may also be a good idea to contrast this information about thepresent with what you know about the situation in the past.

5 NatureReading

1 Possible answers:colouration: the natural co lours and pattern.. of an animal (or plant)matriarcha l: dominated by females/ the mothersrange: vary betwee n two stzescubs: you ng bears, baby bearslifespan: the number of years an an imal is expected to liveJay: prod uce eggs

2 They arc abso lutely beautiful . They have a verydist incti ve black-and -wh ite cclo u ratton.

2 Killer whales live alon g Hriti..h Colum bia's coa..tune.3 Th ey always travel in groups of 5-30 called pods. The whales live

and travel wi t h their moth ers ..; form ing st rongly matriarcha lwha le societies.

4 Killer whales are very successful hun ters due to their cocperanvehunting, where all anima ls within the pod participate.

5 Adult male black bea rs range from about 130 to 190 centimetresin length and 60 to 300 kilograms in weight .

6 The bears are genera lly vegetarian. Their diet consists of roots,berries, nu ts, fish, Insect s and sometimes other an imals.

7 Cubs remain with their mothers for a year and a half. Except forfemales wit h cubs, black bea r.. spend most o f thei r time alon e.

8 They fly south for th e winter in search of warmer climat es.9 Canada geese have very st ro ng famil y relations . Fam ilies stay

together until the tim e comes to retu rn to the breed ing a reas.ID The policy has result ed in an over pop ula tio n of the birds.

TIP: In this type of task, the questions follow the orde r of theinforma tion in the text.

3 READING EXAMI A

We read 'Killer wha les ... can live for about fifty to eigh ty years.'The life expectancy for black (and rare wh ite) hears is twenty totwent y-five yea rs. Th e lifespan of Canada geese ranges fromtwent y to thirty years.

2 BWc read 'so me black bears.. , produce beautifulbea rs tha t arewh ite in co lou r'. Killer wha les are all black-and-whit e, th ey don 'toccur in two !.I.ifffrfn.l varieties.

3 CWe read 'Ca nada geese ... reprod uce ... every sptng'. Killer whales'give birth every three to ten rears'. Black bears 'can gfve birth .. .every two years'.

• BWe read 'b lack bears spend most of thei r lime alone'. Killerswhales 'never sepa rate', and Canada geese 'have very ..trongfamily relations'.

5 AWe read 'They are not conside red endangered'. About the blackbears, we read 'there is a law that prevents peo ple from hu n tin gthe bea rs'. It is illegal to harm the Canada geese in any way.

6 CWe read ' it is not un comm on to see a fam ily of Cana da geesewalk ing aroun d on a hig hway'.You may have read elsew here that hu ngry black bears sometimessearch for food in rubbish bins on the edge o f towns. Because thetext doesn't mention th is, B is not a correc t answer here'


Listening

4IS 1 Same.2 Same.3 Differen t:

Rooms in the hotel cos t i!1.killi $10 0.b Th e ho tel ch a rges n o mOTe t ha n $100 per roo m .

.. Di fferent:a :iu.Iru: nights still have seats ava ilab le.b Th ere a re st ill seats ava ilab le on all flig hts.

6 changedThe other two words mean 'ended'.

2 knownThe other two words mean 'known or believed before'.

3 m ildThe other two words mean the 'te m peratu re is low'.

4 mainThe other two wor ds mean 'hard' or 'ext reme',

5 differen tThe other two words mean 'different in a positive way'.

7 LISTENING EXAMNort hern regionsnow ex pected in the afternoonstrong winds t hroughout t he da ysome tra ins~ aft er 10 p.m.Southern regi onlight rain t hroughout the dayte m peratures be tween IDee and 12°Ccold wind blowi ng from the~

~ 1 1 TRANSCRIPT

We' ll begin the forecast w ith the nort hern region. Here, I'm afraid to say,condit ions won't be part icularly pleasant. There 's go ing to be some snow,and that's predicted for the aftern oon . To add to the sense of cold, tbere' Ilalso be strong winds blowing all day. In fact, the train compa ny haswarne d that there cou ld be delays to trains later in the evening,part icularly afte r ten o'clock. Turning to the sout he rn reg ion, thing s arelooking a litt le better. However, it will be raining all day, alth ough on lygently. Unlike the maximu m tem perat ure of ten degrees in the north ernregion, down here in the sout h I think we won't see less than that, andho pefu lly it' ll reach twelve. But I don 't think it can go above that, becausethere'lI be quite a ha rd wind coming through from the west. Lookingahead to the next few days, however, the re's likely to be ...

Use of English

8 Class of animal : primateLives in : Borneo, in Asia, in the tropica l forestsTypical co lo ur: redMea ning of name: Man of th e ForestBehavioural characteristics: gentle, curious, playfulFavourite food : fruits, plants, insectsWeight a nd size -toddler: the same size as a human babyadult : 90 kilograms

9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 c

Th e answe r can not be b because we need an adverb here. Themea ning of 'eve rywhe re' in Cl wo uld con tradict 'most zoos' (no t'a ll zoos').

2 cThis is a non-defining relati ve clause, where we use 'w h ich' after aco mma.

3 cThe meaning we n eed h ere is 't here are no other great apes inAsia'.

4 cOnly 'w hy' fit s the sentence be fore a cla use. A noun ph rase wou ldhave to follow 't he reason for ' .

S aThe mea ning of the adverb deci des here: ' invariab ly' would mean'wit hout exceptio n' and 'im poss ibly' would mean ' it can not be'.What we need is 's urprising but tr ue' .

6 aThe ot her prepositions don 't fit t he text logically.

7 hWhen we compare two very similar or iden t ical thi ngs, we use'as '.

R ,we don't use 'totally' befor e measureme nts (this is often a false[nend for foreig n speakers of Engl ish ). We don't use 'heavy' afte r'we igh', which expresses mo re or less exac t weig ht.


10 1 global (the right mean in g, but not an adverb)2 wh at (cannot be used to co nnect a relat ive clau se)3 un iqu e (similar meaning, but not the same)4 the logic of (similar to b, which is also a wrong answer; it can not

be followed by a clause on ly a nou n phrase)5 impressively (sim ilar form, but the wrong mean ing)6 around (the prepositio n doesn't fit the text logically)7 than (we use 't han' to co mpa re th ings that are different)8 more (it wou ld only be co rrect be fore a measurem ent as 'more

tha n' )

Writing

Writing a leaflet11 1 what

This relative pron oun is required to link the ve rb and thecomplement.

2 inCom pletes th e ph rase 'in fact'.

3 withTh is preposition is needed to show the two thi ngs (paper andbottles) are co n nec ted to eac h other.

4 during/i nTh e prepositio n 'd uring' means all through a period of time; 'in'is also poss ible, a lth ough its meaning is less em p hatic.

5 th eCompletes the expression 'round the co rner', which means 'veryclose by'.

6 notYou need to think about the overall meani ng here to see th at anegat ive cont rast is required .

12 1 petrol2 exerc ise3 trees4 poll ut ionThe gra mmar st ructure used is the first conditional.

13 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: There are three content points that your leaflet must include,and these are clearly listed for you in the task. If you miss one out, orjf you do n't give enough informa tion about it, you will lose marks.Remember tha t this leaflet is for everybody to read, and that itspurpose is to change wha t people do. Make sure the informat ion yougive is clear, and your ideas are logical.

Writing a formal letter14 I Q..o..e importan t th ing I bel ieve is that there should be new

governme nt legislat ion .You need to pu t the ' I bel ieve ' before the 'is im portant '.

2 In other words. we n eed n ew and tougher laws to stop po llu tio n .This is a useful expression when yo u want to rein force yo ur idea .

3 At th e same lime, green practi ces should be rewar ded.This mean s ' however' or 'also' .

4 One simnle fact can not lw avoided: we are causing great damageto ou r world.This is a usef ul exprcssto n for putting a clear focus all your po int.

5 There are two sides to any argument an d bot h sho uld beconsidered care fully.This can be used in many situations.

6 If we don't fin d a solution today, the pro blem will on ly be worsetomorrow.This is a negative fo rm of the first conditional structure. Youco uld also write, 'U n less we find a solution today, .. :

15 The am oun t of recycling shou ld be increased.'Be' is in the base for m becau se it comes after the modal 's ho uld'.

2 New laws shou ld be passed.'Be' is in the base form becau se it comes after the modal 'should'- being plural doesn 't change th is.

3 Valuab le forests are being des troyed.The prese nt continuous form is used here.

4 Air quality will be dam aged forever.'Be' is in the base form beca use it comes after the modal 'will' forstro ng future predict ion .

S Real improvements can be made.'Be' is in the base form because it comes after the moda l 'ca n' forpossib ility.

TIP: Before the record ing starts, it's always a go od idea to check tha tyou understand the key vocabulary.

Higher levelReading

1 BWe read 't he first bir th in captiv ity in 112 yea rs'.

2 DWe read 'Perhaps the biggest scientific challenge is to getSumatran rh inos to breed'.

3 EWe read 'The zoo ... has plans to carefully docu men t the ca lf'sphys ical and beha vioura l growth '. (Paragraph B also refers to theresearc h, hut doesn 't mention the zoo's pla ns.j

4 CWe read 'Roth im media tely began feedi ng Emi daily doses ofprogesterone (a h ormone essential to pregna ncy)', and, ea rlier inthe same paragraph , 'Emi, Andelas" mot he r, had miscarried withinthe first three mo nths in five previous pregnan cies'.

5 AWe read 'the race is on the batt le against extinctio n .. . with a60% population decline . .. t he rh inos' co unt co nt inues todecrease' .

2 READING EXAMI c

The missing sentence refers to poachers (people who huntanimals illegally), and the reason for their interest in Sumat ranrh inos is given after the gap, 'its horn s are p rized for medi cin e '.

2 eSente nce e refers both back to ' rh inos in cap tivi ty' and for ward toAndalas' other ac hieve ment: 'The birt h of th is rare ani ma l offe rsscien tists unprecedented data '.

3 fSentence f men tio ns 'the sixth attempt' which links to the 'fiveprevious pregn an cies' in the first line of th e paragrap h .

4 aTile senten ce afte r til l' gap gives mo re detail about th e rhinos'solitar y beh avi ou r.

S bThe wo rd 'data' in the missing sen te nce refers to the hoof printsmen tioned both befo re and after the gap.

6 a5 d4 b3 g2 c3 1 e

4 LISTENING EXAM

I aCa ptain Hazelwood didn't own the tanker, the recording says 'Theta nke r was ow ned by th e Exxo n oi l company'.

2 a and bWe hear ' he went to h is cab in to do some pa perwo rk. He left th eship in co m ma nd of th e th ird officer'.

3 bWe hear ' the &XOII vatdez hi t a group of rocks ca lled Bligh Reef' .Bhgh Reef isn't t he name of a port.

4 a and bWe hear 'Fifty million lit res of o il started to flow o ut of the shipand in to the sea'.

.5 a an d bWe hea r 'a spec ial boat was supposed to be ready for emergenc ies,bu t it had bee n damaged by storm. So the clean-up began fiftee nhou rs after the oil-spill was first repo rted .'

6 bWe hear 'Millions o f fish and thousand s of sea birds and sea-ottersdied.' Th e record ing does ment ion the first two days, but thatrefers to the time be fore 'all necessary equ ip me nt was in place ' .

7 awe hea r '2.5<Ml of the plan kton in th e sea was dest royed in thedisas te r, leaving many an ima ls and fish wit h nothing to eat'. Thestatement in b is men tion ed in the record ing, but not inconnection with the destruction of the plankton.

8 aWe hea r 'The Exxon vatda disaster was one of the first huge on spills in history'. Statement b cannot be cor rect because 'theEXXOl I vat.tcz disaster ... was th e result of m istakes made by ma nydiffer ent people'.

Listening

TIPS: You must include the three required part s of the letter.You must also include a suitable forma l open ing and dosing in yourletter.Thinks about the functions you need to use for each poin t .For the first one. you are describing or evaluating th e situation.For th e second, you are suggesting or recom mending actions.For the third. you are predic ting or spec ulating about the future.There are no right or wrong answers - you (a n paint Cl positive or anega tive picture.Try to include a wide range of grammatical struc tures in your lett er.

16 WRITING EXAM

Picture·based discussion21 I co mpared 3 cont rast

2 noticeable 4 att ractive

22 I th eYou ne ed 't he here becau se th e 'way' described is defin ed orspecified by the relat ive clause tha t fo llows - 't ha t birds seem tobe mo ving away from th e coun trysi de.. :

2 forTo describe a per iod of lime, a duration.

3 hasTo form the Presen t Per fect , 'has increased'.

4 foruse 'for' to link 'happens ' and the ' reaso ns'.

.5 t hat /w h ichRelative pronou ns (either is possible) to introd uce the relati veclau se that foll ows and desc ribes ' the insect s and small an imals'.

6 inCom pletes the phrase 'in effect'.

23 Your ow n ideas.

24 Your own ideas.

2S SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must include the four things you are req uired to in theexam task.Use the task and the pictures to structure your talk. You have fou rthings and two pictures, so the re are eight thing s at least for you tosay.Use appropriate phrases to introduce your ideas - for exa mple,'turning to the question of 200S .. .', or 'in term s of prot ection , I thinkthat.. .' , and so on.

20 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must find out information abo ut the two areas required bythe exam task.You should use open questions mo re than closed questions to get theinformation.Respond to the answers you ge t - ask 'why?' or 'why not?', forexample. If your part ner says someth ing inte resting, say so - react tohim/h er, and create a go od co nversation.

Situational role-play17 1 is closed - answer a.

2 ts open - answer h.

18 Poss ible answers:I Wh at env iron me nta l problems arc the re wh ere you live?2 what useful materia ls do yo u recycle ?:~ How do yo u think we can reduce po llutio n?.J How do yo ur friends feel abo ut en viron me n tal issues?5 How will the fut ure co m pare wit h th e presen t?

19 1 I feel~ about the future.We use 'feel' with an adject ive. ' Hoping' is not used as anad ject ive.

2 We have to be ll'i!lli.t.k - some po llut ion is inevitabl e.we need an ad jective after 'we ha ve to be' . 'Realism ' is a noun .

3 If we live here on this earth, we arc respons ible fill: its co nditio n.We always use 'for' after ' respo ns ible'.

.J lYrn.1 really matt ers is educatio n - te lling peo ple hew to reducepo llution.We' re not talking about the way someth ing's importan t, we'reta lking ahout what's im po rta nt.

5 In my opi n ion, the real issue Is eco no mics.Don't be co nfused by 'cco no rnfcs', which is a singular noun, liketh e names of so me othe r sc iences: ' Physics' or 'Maths '.

Speaking


os. 12 TRANSCRIPT

Alaska has four great indus tries: fishing, forests, tourism and oil. On thesouth coast of Alaska is the port of Valdez, and from he re most of Alaska'soil is taken to California an d ot her part s of the USA.On the 24th of March 1989, Captain [eff Hazelwood was in command ofan oil tanker which had the same name as the port of Vafdez . The tankerwas ow ned by the Exxon oil company, so it was usually called the ExxonVa/dez. Captain Hazelwood was an experienced seam an .The Exxon Valdezstarted its journey in the late evening of the 24th ofMarch 1989. At first, Captain Hazelwood was in charge 01 the ship. laterhe went to his cabin to do some paperwork. He left the ship in thecommand of the third officer. Just after midn ight, the ExxonValdezhit agroup of rocks called Bligh Reef.The tanke r had five holes in its side ~ oneof the holes was two metres wide by six met res long. Fifty million litres ofoil started to flow out of the ship and into the sea.Unfortunately, the clean-up operation did not begin immed iately. Aspecial boat was supposed to be ready for emergencies, but it had beendamaged by a storm. So the clean-up bega n fifteen hours after the oilspill was first reported. The first two days after the spill had been calmand still; but by the time all the necessary eq uipment was in place, theweather had turned stormy and strong winds quickly moved the oil toother parts of the sea.The oil from the Voldezdisaster covered 4,800 square kilometres of water.Millions of fish and thousands of sea birds and sea-otters died. Someanimals and birds died from cold, others died from hunger, because 25%of the plankton in the sea was dest royed in the disaster, leaving manyanima ls and fish with noth ing to eat.It is easy to try to blame one person for the Exxon Voldezdisaster. In fact,it was the result of mistakes made by many different people: people in theExxon oil company, people on land, and people on the tanker.The ExxonVoldezdisaster was one of the first huge oil-spills in history.

Use of English5 enjoy: to enjoy, enjoyed, had enjoyed, enjoying, be en joyed

publish : to pu blish, published, had published, publtshlng, bepublishedinspire: to inspire, inspired, had inspired, ins piring, be inspiredp lay: to play, played, had played, playin g, be playedflou rish : to flour ish, flourished, had flou rish ed , flour ishing, (nopass ive)reach : to reach, reac hed, had reached, reaching, be reachedbenefit : to benefit, beneftted/benefttrect, had benefited/hadbenefttted. benefiting/benefitting, (no passive)cast: to ea..t, cast, cast, casting, be castbe: to be, was/were, had been, being, (no pass ive)

6 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 blamed

Passive (the verb 'be' is befo re th e gap).2 enjoying

Present Perfect Continuous rhave been' is before th e gap).3 published

Past participle. (The 'study' is the ob ject of this verb.)4 have inspired

Presen t Perfect ('over the past two decades' is a period o f t imeleading to the presen t. rather than a fixed poi nt in time in thepast ).

5 playedPresen t Perfect (thave' is before the ga p).

6 nourishedPast Simple t'the 80s and 90s' is a fixed period of time in thepast).

7 to reachInfinitive after 'a llow'.

8 beneftted/beneftttedPast Simple - to match the verb tense in th e first part of thesentence 'a llowed'.

9 castInfin it ive without 'to' after the modal verb 'cou ld'.

10 beenPresent Perfect rbave' is befo re the gap).

Writing

Writing a discursive essay7 cu rren t t hreat s to t he enviro n me nt:

grow ing demand for consumer goods/transport req uirem ent sthe relat io ns hi p of b us iness issues a nd the environ ment :busi nesses need resources/profits need to be cont rolleda ny act ion that yOll believe shou ld be taken:dose down polluting factortcs/ru n publicity campaign


8 mostSupe rlative adjective .

2 issues, oppositionThe first gap is before the main verb, so it must be pa rt of thesubject. The phrase for the second gap is 'in opposition (tosomething else)'.

3 furt herThe mean ing of 'a ny fur ther ' is the same as 'any longer' or 'anymore'.

4 main, actuallyThe mea n ing of 'main' is 'most important'. The o nly word thatcan appear betwee n the verb and the subject is an adve rb.

9 Your ow n ideas.

10 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: The structu re of your essay is defined by the exam task andyou must follow it.You need to discuss the th ree listed points. If you do n't, you will losemarks.All your ideas need to be reinforced with reasons, and you must makethese dear.You will need to write probably at least 70 words for each point, onaverage. Make sure you have enough ideas prepared before you startwriting.

Speaking

Picture-based discussion11 I On the one hand, there's an image of man-mad e damage.

'On the one hand' is usefu l for setting up a cont rast between twothings.

2 On the other, we can see the damage caused by nature .'On the other (hand)' is a good way to complete a contrast thatyou began with 'on the one hand '.

3 Of course, even this fire could have been sta rted by a pe rson.'Could have been' is a useful way to present a specu latio n.

4 The question is who has responsibility for the planet.This is a useful way to show that you want to focus attention onthis poi nt.

S We should think more in terms of our children than of ourselves.This qu ite complex structure is usefu l and can be adapted formany situations - for example, 'we should think more in terms ofjob satisfaction than of money.'

12 I nervous2 frightening3 ambiguo us4 connectedS cu rious

13 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: The exam task requires you to talk about certain aspects of thepictures.You shou ld begin by describing what you can see in the pictures, andthen start to relate this to the questions you need to consider.There are opportunities to express your own opinions and feelingsabout the issues of the environment and nature.Ifyou feel you don't have enough to say, ask yourse lf questions - forexample, 'where were these pictures taken?', 'what will happenabo ut the environment in the future?', and so on .

Debate14 Possibleanswers"

For Aga inst

new vacct nes against fatal alle rgic reactions to cosme ticsdiseases (i f yo u think th is is n ot a

good enough reaso n to usean ima ls)

allergic reactions to cosmet ics the treatm ent of labora tory(if you think i t's worth risking animalsthe health of animals toprotect people from this)

medi cal experi me nts on the life of a person or th e lifehu mans (an imal testing o f an ani m al (de pen ds onelim inates th e need for th is) YO U T view )

til e life of a pe rson or th e life using an ima ls for food,o f an ani mal (depends on clo th ing, e tc. (if yOll also findyour view) this unacceptabl e)

cost considerations

learn in g mo re about humananatomy (without having touse people for experime nts)

using an imals for food ,clothi ng, et c. (i f th ese ar e fine ,why is med ical resea rch not )

And your own answers.

15 Your own ideas.

16 SPEAKING EXAMTIP: Use the ideas from exe rcises 14 and 15 to bu ild up convincingarguments for your viewpo int.This is usually an issue that peop le can get quite passionate about, sotry to stay calm and just concentra te on making persuasivearguments and counte r-arguments.Don 't forget that your partner b..i!l.!2 disagree with you to stimulatediscussion - this not necessarily a reflection of their own views!

6 SchoolReading

1 The hest ans wer is 2.It is the onl y tit le that mentto ns h om ework , th e main topic of th eleaflet.

2 •The paragraph doesn't men tion eit her the place or the bestcond itions for doing your homework.

2 cThe paragraph men tions bu yin g a folde r, but the main po int itmakes is about organi sing your notes .

3 bWl' read 'Find a quie t place tha t's well-lit' ,

3 I'osstblc answers:-I Drink ple nty of wate r, and snack o n some fru it o r cookies.5 Begin with your best subject.6 If you've started you r ... homework, finish it. Don 't leave one par t

of your homework unfin ished ...7 Take at least a five-minute break .8 Hom ewor k .. . is you r top pr ior ity and yo u have to get it do ne .

TIP: Not ice that one way of giving advice is to use the imperative,but you can also use mod al verb s like ' have to ' or 'should' , 'oug htto ', 'must'.

4 READING EXAM1 C

We read 'decide in advance'.2 F

We read 'Always put papers in the correct sectton'.3 I

We read 'Find a quite place '.4 J)

We read 'Snack . .. to get more st rength' .5 A

we read ' Begin wit h yo ur best subject'.6 B

We read ' If you've sta rted your . .. homework, finish it'.

7 Hwe read 'Take ... a break.'

8 EWe read 'you have to get it done '.

TIP: Read each para graph and try to summarise its gist in a sentence- Jike you did in exercises 1- 3. This will he lp you match the headingsto the parag raphs,

Listening

5 twe lve fiftee nTh is 12:15, and the other tw o are t 1:-15.

2 twelve tenThis is 12:10, an d the ot her two are 12:00 .

:\ payTh is means spe ndi ng mon ey o n somet hing, and the othe r twomean ing keeping someth ing for you,

-I duringTh is means 'th roug h all the time (of so met h ing)' , and the othertwo mean 'previo us (to something)'.

5 inexpensiveThis means you do n 't haw to pay very much t'cheap'), and th eother two mea n you don't pay anything at all.

6 I'm sure you're going to have g great time with us hereat West ford College.

2 You' ll be in class every mo rni ng ~ d ur ing th e wee k.:\ It 's important to make use Qf th e Self-Access Ce n t re.4 The trip 's always very po pular,~ don 't forget to sign up early.

7 LISTENING EXAMI I.OO/13.00llpmll o 'clock

Classes 'go straight th rough till one'. Don 't be confused by thefact that they ' stop at twelve o 'clock o n Fridays'.

2 9.00/21.()()/9pm/9 o 'clockMake sure yo u don 't confuse th e opening time, 'from eight th irtyin the morning', wit h the closing t ime, ' un til nine p. m .'.

:\ ReceptionSeveral types of co mpute r are mcn noned . and yo u need to focuson the ' Inte rne t pe s' for the task, These are ' the web-linked ones '.Then th e question is where yo u reserve them, 'a t Reception ', notwhere you use the m , which co uld be in th e se lf-Access Centre or' in the Co mmon Room '.

-I Thursrdayj Stth}Ju lyDon 't co nfuse the date of the trip, 'Tuesday July th e tenth ' withthe date for reserving a place - 'you must book your place no laterthan Thursday the fifth of July'.

5 freeBe careful, we hear 'so me of th e food 's a litt le expens ive '. Makesure yo u focus on th e fact that 'i t's free to get in ' .

6 disco unt cardListen carefu lly to get bo th words: 'Take your passport alo ng tothe office '-'0 that they can issue you with a student discountcard.'Now read through the script to see where the answers are.

~ 13 TRANSCRIPT

Welcome to you alii I'm sure you' re going to have a great time with ushere at Westford College - and mayb e you might even learn a littleEnglish while you' re here! I'm just go ing to say a few wo rds aboutpractical aspects of the college. OK, classes: now, you' ll be in class everymorni ng during the week. Classes begi n at quarter past nine and gostraigh t through till one, although they stop at twe lve o'clock on Fridays,to help the weekend get going. You're expected to do more than juststudy in class, of course, and it's important to make use of the Self-AccessCentre, which is available from eight thirty in the morning until nine p.m .There 's a wealth of materials and resources there for you 10 lakeadvantage of. All the compute rs have access to our network of Englishlearning software. Demand is high for the web -linked ones, and you needto reserve time on one of those at Reception. If you' re despera te to em ailhome, you might find a spare compute r in the Common Room. Right,Londo n: we organise a trip up to London during the cou rse. We're goingon Tuesday July the tenth, and you must book your place no later thanThursday the fifth of July. The trip's always very pop ular, so don't forget tosign up ea rly! Anothe r date for your diaries is the Food and Drink Festival,where you can try and hop efully enjoy all kinds of exotic food and drinkfrom just about every country on the planet. It does ge t busy, and someof the food's a little expens ive but the good news is that it's free to get in,and it's wort h going along just to look, Talking of money, you can getmone y off all sorts of thing s in w esttord , from cinema tickets to books 10dr inks in cafes, if you' re a student. Take your passport along to the officeso that they can issue you with a student discount card. Well, I think that'sit for now. Are the re any qu estions?


5 A10 n

Use of English

8 bVerb needed : what do thousands of yo ung people do each yea r?

2 cAdjective needed : what kind of instit utions?

3 cAdve rb need ed: how talented?

4 bNoun with a nega tive mean ing needed : what do some studentssuffer fro m ?

9 1 widen2 creat ion3 darkness4 ad justed, ad justing, adjustable5 resou rceful, resourceless6 fully7 refusal8 popu lari sePossible answers:popular -+ populari ty, settle -+ settlemen t, dominate -+ domi nance

10 un happymi sbehavedislike (verb) or un like (prepositi on)misunderstandim politein co mpleteundodisa greeincorrectim possible

11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 education

The sub ject (a noun) is needed before t he main verb ' is'.2 attend

No ch ange ne eded because it 's a plural ve rb to match '7%' (ofstudents).

3 nearlyAdverb need ed before ' all' .

4 typicalWhat kind of timetable?

5 activitiesThe sen tence g ive s exa mples of these activities afte r the gap.

6 interestingWhat kind of places?

7 misbehaveStudents a re pun ished fo r!lQ! beha vin g appropriately.

8 gra d uateNo c han ge ne eded because it's a p lural ver b to ma tch ' un ive rsityst ud ents'.

Writing

Writing an invitation12 1 Yes. My flight leaves at 10. 15 on Friday.

2 No.3 Yes. My aunt arrives o n the 12.00 trai n .4 Yes. My exa m is 011 the 18 t h .5 Yes. The election takes place on May 3r d.6 No.

13 1 Yes.We rea d '8 p.m. a ll Friday 19 May'.

2 Yes.We read 'Studen ts' Union Building (234 w est ga te L ane}'.

3 No.4 No.

14 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must include the four points that are required in the examtask. If yo u miss any out, you will lose marks. It is important for theinvitation to include th is information.Since it is for a party, you should try to make your invitation lively inits style . Use dramatic statements that grab the attention, or askquestions.

Writing an informal letter15 1 e 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 c

TIP: Make sure the sentence halves match logically as well asgrammatically. Read the sentences aga in when you've finished thetask to check that they all make sense .

176 SM A RT AN SW ER KEY

16 I a, c 2 3 , C 3 b, d 4 a, c 5 b, d

TIP : Not e which ways of making suggestions we use as a question,and whic h as a statement.

17 Your own ideas.Possi b le answers;Have yo u considered taking up gol f?I th ink yo u should choose Mathematic s be cause you 're rea lly goodwit h numbers.What about going to Stovent a fo r a skiiing holiday?

18 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must wri te about the three poi nts that are required in theexa m task .You also need to acknowledge Sam's letter, thanking him for it, andperhaps showing some sympathy for his feelings.Think carefully about the three different functions you need to use te lling, suggesting an d explaining. You should pla n to use a range ofgrammatica l structures in yo ur letter.Remember to use a friendly and informal style with your friend.

Speaking

Situational role-play19 I Wat ch ing DVDs ll. good because yo u ca n sto p and repeat

to check the m eaning.The main verb is mi ssin g fro m the first part o f the state men t.

2 Many to u rists arc native speake rs o f Eng lish, so yo u ID authenticpra cti ce.There 's no reason to use an . illg form on it s own in th is se ntence.

3 When yo u read newspape rs, yOll can !.i!.I:if: yo ur time and use adictionary.The phrase ' take (one's) time' is a useful o ne to remember.

4 Your friends a re great to ta lk to~ you ha ve things inco m mo n .You ha ve things in co m m o n -+ yo u en jo y ta lk in g to each ot her.No t the other way rou nd.

S C hat rooms help be cau se it's speaking but typed m yo u ca nunderstand it.C hat roo m s use typed language -+ it 's ea sier to underst a nd . No tthe other wa y round.

20 thanCo m par iso n.

2 muchUsed to em phasise degree o f flu ency he re.

3 lo tThe meaning is the same a s ' m uc h' in th e p revious sen te nce, butused with t he articl e 'a'.

4 mostSuperlative adjective.

S too'Too many' m eans ' more than acceptable/necessary/appropriate '.

21 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You m ust consider all five suggestions on the list. You mustalso make sure you have enough time to choose the two which aremost important.There aren't right or wrong answers he re. In fact , if you and yourpartne r can disagree a little , it will create more discussion .In the first stage of the discussion, you can say a range of th ingsabout each point. For example, fo r 'talking to tourists', you could saythat:

it isn't very useful because ther e aren 't many Enqlish-speakinqtourists in you r cityit is useful when yo u can talk to a native speaker of Eng lishit's not very useful because they speak too quick ly for you tounderstandit is useful because you can learn about th eir cul tureit is useful as speaking and listening practice on ly.

Remem ber that the re are many opportunities to use comparisons andcontrasts an d conditionals in a discussion such as this on e .

Plcture-based discussion22 1 both 2 B 3 A 4 n

6B l A 8B 9 both

23 I m or eCo m ple tes the co mpa rison - yo u need to sec 't ha n' late r in thesen te nce to ge t t he answer.

2 toCom p lete s the st ruc t ure 'give (so meone) (somethin g) to ' + verb.

3 aTh e indefinite article is required.

4 thanCom pletes the comparison. You need to see t he '·er' of 'o lde r' toget th e answ er.

24 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You mu st talk about all four questions tha t the exam taskincludes. Th is w ill give you th e structure for what yo u say.Noti ce that the first two questio ns mean that you simply describewhat you see. Try to use as much interesting vocabulary as you canwhen doing th is.The thi rd quest ion asks you to me your imagination. You shouldspecu late here. and, if possible, give reasons for what you say.The last quest ion asks you to relate the pictures to your own life andexperience. You need to explain why you say w hat yo u do here.

Higher levelReading

1 The best answer is 1.111cart icle is about Manhattan Co mp rehensive Nigh t High School.

2 The best answer is c.we learn that IIll' school is quite d ifferent from how it appea rs a tfirst.

3 Your own answers.

4 READING EXAMI D

'Suc h tight security' refers bac k to the sentence before the gapwhich says 'visitor s mu st sign in and show ident ificat ion '.

2 EThe ph rase 'Hut now' wh ich starts th e missing sentence refershack to 'U nti l now' at the beginn ing of the previou s sentence.

3 CThe sentence co nti n ues to describe the principal's activities.Sent ence B i... about a different person.

4 AFo llowing on from the desc ript ion of school days in the sentencebefore the gap, we find out about school term s, then abo ut th enumb er of years students spend at th e school afte r th e gap.

Listening

5 I f our people.2 About wearing school unifonns.

TIP: Always read the instructions carefully so you do n' t lose pointsbecause you're doing less (or even because you' re doing more) thanyou are asked to do.

6 a A bF cA dA er7 Your own ideas .

8 LISTENING EXAM()

We he ar ' I went to a small village school, and we had nouniforms there.' All the ot he r spea kers men tion wearing aun iform .

2 AandCWe hear ' I can see som e good points, too.' (A ) and I sometimesthi nk it would be easier and definitely much cheaper.' (q

3 CWe hear 'I never complained about my uniform' .

4 ()

We hear 'Th e freedom to ch oose their own clothes allows yo ungpeople to ex press their personaliti es' . The psych ological effect ofwear ing uniforms is su ppressing individ uality.

S BWe hear 'Th is ta lk about coveri ng th e financial differen ces isrubbish' .

" 14 TRANSCRIPT

Speaker AThank good ness, we don't have to wea r uniforms at my schoo l now, butwhe n I was at elementary school, I had to wear an awful navy blue jacket;I hated it more than anyt hing else. I don 't think I'd like it if they made uswear uniforms now, but I can see some good points , too . There wou ld befar less showing off, and the girls who can't afford fancy clothes wouldfeel much better.Sp eaker BWe had to wear uniform until last yea r. It was horrible. You shou ld be ableto wea r things you feel comfortable in. And all th is talk about covering upthe financial differen ces is rubbi sh. If you have a lot of money, it showswhatever you 're wea ring.

Spe aker CI really don't know .. . When I was Sandra's age, I never complained aboutmy uniform, 1 just took it for granted I had to wear one. Now it'scomplete ly differen t. Sandra spends hours on end choosing her clothesbefore she leaves in the morning. 1sometimes think it wou ld be easierand definitely much cheaper if she just had one skirt and cardigan forschool use.Spea ke r 0The school where I work is uniform-free. I'm sure that the freedom tochoose their own clothes allows young people to express theirpersonalities more fully. I'm hap py I had the same chance when I was astudent. I went to a small village schoo l, and we had no uniforms there.

Use of English

9 our: tea cher, ageinterested in : surfing th e In ternet , pentathlonmeet yo u at : th e airport, 6 o 'clockshe : is 18 , lives in Parisco uld you: repeat th e sentence, try ha rderexcept ional ly: smar t, bad ly

NOTE : This is an unusual type of task but it shou ld help youremember what different kinds of words go together with other type sof words.

10 Publ ic schools (which are actually private schools in Brita in ).Very positive tsee Key to exe rcise 11 below).

11 Possible answers:The wr iter says 't hey have much to offer ', ' challenging for un usuall yclever students', t hey appreciate ' less academicall y-giftedpe rsonalities', 'they are excit ing and . .. successfu l'. He also mention sthat they 'h ave more success in reali sing th eir ob ject ives '.

12 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI t heir

The possessive adjective lin ks 'excellence' to 'publ ic schools' .2 be ing

They are criticised because they lli a symbol of privi lege. An -ill,,?

form is used after 'for'.3 are

We need th e verb ' be' to introduce th e adj ectives wh ich describethe schools.

4 ofThe adject ive 'appreciative' usua lly goes toget her with 'of '.

S a tThe idiom is 'a t the same time '.

6 inThe idiom is ' in (so me kind 00 terms' .

7 these/those /mostMore than on e answer is possible, depending on wh at you wantto say.

B toWe need an infin itive with 'to' after 'see m'.

9 th anWe use 'tha n ' to compare th ings that are d ifferent.

Writing

Writing an argumentative essay13 Possible answers:

One postttve aspect of sho pping cent res is co nvenience, we canfind everyt h ing .. . un der the sam e roof. I Shopping cen tres o fferentertainment fac ilities . .. with an en ormous range of things tobu y and to do.

1 .. . smaller local shops ... are closing down beca use th ey can notkeep up with the competit ion.... t hey offer bland, un iform products all over th e world - loca lcharacte r is disappearing.

3 ... everyth ing from groce ries to ctectro mcs .... .. ente rtainment faci lities , like cinemas or howling alleys ...

4 In fact , we are los ing places that were once im portant in our lives.To summa rise, on th e one hand, th ey offer a more co m fortableshopping expe rie nce , but o n the othe r hand, they ma ke us allthe same.

14 1 o n the one hand, in addition , fo r one thi ng2 however, in con trast, hut, conversely, in fact3 such as4 furthermore5 to sum up, in other words6 as far as I'm concerned, in my ow n experience

SM A RT ANSWER KEY 171

1S WRITING EXAM

Speaking

Reading

7 Work

4 I Four.2 How they earn som e pocket mOlley.3 No.4 The tas k here is to find out what job each speaker does.

TIP: Always read instructions carefully. It's easier to unde rstand theinformat ion in the recording if you know what to expect.

S A put to bed, wash, tell stories, feed , look aft erB trees , fruit crates, farm, pick fruitC get ti ps, customers , serve mea ls, bring the billD morning paper, fro nt door, do a rou nd , neighbourhoodE blow-dry, get tips , customers, wash, haircut , per m

6 LISTENING EXAMA I

We hear ' I had a five-year-old to look after '.B doesn 't appear in the reco rding.C ,

There are many small clues, including 'earn £ 15 plus tip s' , or'stop at a table and chat', which don't rea lly match the ot herjobs.

D 2We hear 'do a rou nd ' and ' leave th e stuff at the front do or '.

E -IWe hear ' I am not allowed to do the cutt ing, but I he lp withperm ing and blow -dry ing ami I do the wash ing myself' .

l5 1S TRANSCRIPT

Speaker 1I have to think abou t school first of all, because my parents wou ldn' t letme work if my grades suffered, so I only work du ring the holidays. Lastyea r I had a five-year-old to look after three times a week. I had to feedher and then put her to bed . She was all right; a bit difficult sometimes,but I liked to play with her and te ll her stories.Sp eaker 2It doesn' t pay too well, but I'm too young to do any other job . I do arou nd of about twenty houses in the neighbourhood on my bike. It's on lya minu te to sto p and leave the stuff at the front door, but still, I have toget up around six if I want to finish in time for the school bus . The onlyproblem is whe n there's very heavy rain or whe n it's really cold.Speaker 3It's a nice place and it's always lull, so you really have to be quick. I workfor five hou rs on Saturday afte rnoons and earn £ 15 plus tips. It's not bad,and I like the job because I mee t a lot of people alt the time. Of course, Ihave no time to stop at a table and chat , but that does n' t seem to be aproblem. Sometime s you can have a really nasty customer, but that's veryrare.Speaker 4J work on Saturdays from 8 in the morn ing till 5. I'm on my feet all day,and it can be tiring, but I really enjoy it here . Of cou rse I'm not allowed todo the cutt ing, but I help with perm ing and blow-drying and I do thewashing myself. I'd love to do the job when I leave school.

5 BThe phrase 'th is syste m ' aft er th e gap refers back to what sen tenceB describes.

6 GThe lin king wo rd 'However' cont rasts sentence G wit h theprevious sentence .

7 DThe word 't his ' refers to 'Talk ing and d riving at the same time'mentioned before the gap.

Listening

Use of English

2 IJ 3 A 4 B1 1 B

2 1 consequently2 add itio na lly3 like4 still

TIP: It's always importan t to read the instructions carefully. In thisexercise, you need to select the only wrong answer, not the correc tone.

TIPS: You must write about the fou r aspects of the question tha t theexam task specifies .You can either come to Cl clear conclusion one way or the ot her (forexample, 'you shou ld start a career') or yo u can present acompromise conclusio n (fo r example, 'it depe nds on.. . ').Before you start writ ing, yo u need to ma ke sure that you haveenough ideas for the requi red length of essay (up to 250 wo rds). Onew ay to build up yo ur essay is to use examples. Ano ther useful way isto think abou t contrasting situations - fo r example, an l 8-year-oldwho has thre e older brothers and sisters and an l 8-year-old who isan only child.It is important that you make good use of linking words and phrasesto hold you r arguments together.

Debate19 Possible answers :

I yes 2 no ~ no 4 yes S no 6 not su re

20 Your ow n ideas .

21 SPEAKING EXAMTIP: You can get more points for using a variety of different ways ofexpressing your op inion. Try to use convincing argu ments, but don'tforget it's eq ually impo rtant to show how well you can communicatethem.

Picture-based discussion16 I h 2 b 3 a 4 c S h 6 b

17 I C' For exa mpl e' in t rod uces an exa m ple t hat represents 'o bviousdifferences' .

2 A'Fo r one thing' links to 'some importan t simila rities'.

:~ H' In addition to t h is connection' bu ilds on 'either of them ..

TIP : A, Band C are all useful ways of int rod ucing an exam ple ofsomething, within the structure of 'general statemen t -+ examp le' .

18 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must talk within the conte xt required by the exam task:'different kinds of learning' .You need to describe what you see in the pictur es and then toevaluate and reac t to these things.l earning itself is inv isib le, so you need to speculate about you think ishappening.Your concl usion wi ll be which image is closer to you r ownexperience . This gives you lots of opportun ities to talk about you rown experiences of educ ation and learning, in and out of schoo l.

TIP: It's a good idea to reco rd linking words that have the same orsimilar meaning together.

3 READING EXAM1 H

'During thi s period' after th e gap refers back to the 'difficulttra in ing period' in the miss ing sentence.

2 ESentence E introduces the 'ext reme physical d iscomfort ' that thespeaker goes on describing after the gap.

, C

The lin king word 'The refo re' links the tra in ing drivers ' decision tokeep their previous jobs to the reaso n : ' l.earner drivers are notallowed to .. . earn money as drivers' .

4 AThe ' tip' is mentioned both in sen tence A an d before th e gap. Thesen te nces after th e gap co nt inue describing the risks of the jobthat th e missing sen tence mentions .

7 1 ,To see that thi s is the correct answer, tr y look ing at the sen tencewith the wor ds in a different orde r: ' I go ID No rthtown School,which is well known for sport.' Both ' to' and 'which' arenecessary,

2 ,You need th e Presen t Perfect of 'he successful'.

3 ,

Completes the structure we use for compa ring experiences 'as(many) as (somebody)'.

4 cYou are ' responsible fQ.r som ethi ng'; yo u are ' respo ns ible iQ'someo ne, for example yo ur boss.

5 b'Do' is th e cor rect auxilia ry for making qu estions.

178 SMAR T ANSWE R KEY

8 When I think a!&u1 the fu ture, I realise I really have no idea w hatI'm go ing to do. What I want to do is to enjoy the present and livefor the moment. When my brother~ my age, all he did was makeplans. He knew !rllf.If: he wanted to go to university, what co urse totake - eve rything. Even as a teenager . he hili! decided Qll his job.And, let me tell you, my brother is very bo ring! I'm going to live mylife differl'Otly.

9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 a

The lndcf lriite article 'a' is needed to int rod uce the 'c rowd' .

2 "Co mp letes the str uctu re we use for comparing peop le 'as (h igh) as(some body)' .

3 thanCompletes the comparison with 'more'.

4 who/thatBoth these words are possible to link this defining relative clauseto the 'people' it describes.

S do'Do' is used to form the question here with 'you'.

6 toCom pletes the structu re 'ask (someone) to ' + verb.

7 hasCo mpletes th e Present Perfect verb form here of th e verb 'be '.

8 OnCom pletes the phrases 'on the othe r hand ', used to introduce acont rast.

Writing

Writing a formal letter10 Your own ideas.

11 Your 0\'0'0 ideas.

12 likeCompletes the structure 'would like' + in finit ive wit h 'to'.

2 wonderin gCo mpletes the st ructure 'be wo ndering if.

3 hopeThe verb 'hope' is usually followed by a 't hat' clause.

4 interestedCompletes the structure 'be interested' + infinitive with 'to'. (Th isshouldn't be confused wit h 'be interested in' + -ing for m, whichhas a different meantng.j

NOTE: Allof these structures are used to request information.

13 Your own ideas.

14 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must address the requi red point s in this rath er specificexam task.Your lett er need s to have a suitable opening and closing.It needs to be clear who you are, and why you are writing this lett er.It needs to cover the three points listed in the advertisement.The first two points in fact consist of at least two sub-points.Make sure you include enough deta il. For exam ple, for the first pointyou need to say:

what you are studying and where you are studyingwhat you have achieved, in terms of exam results, membership ofteams, ere.what you are inte rested in, for example your hobbies.

You should use a suitable formal style throug hout.

Speaking

Situational role-play15 1 done

Completes the Presen t Perfect verb form.2 relevant

These words often appear together whe n we talk about jobs:' relevan t experience'.

3 o rganisedCompletes the Present Perfect verb form.

4 clearThe ph rase is 'h ave a clear idea', mea ni ng 'to kn ow exactly'.

5 wor kingThe -illg for m com pletes the the ph rase 'working with peo ple'.Th is is a freq ue n tly asked qu estion when you apply for a job .

6 preferWe use 'prefer' to talk about wha t we like to do.

7 TellCompletes th e imperative.

16 bCompletes the structure 't ry' + -ing form .

2 ,'Shou ld' is used for making suggestions like this.

3 aA job in this case is like a place, the literal meaning of ' apos itio n'.

4 cCo mp letes the structure ' be (possi ble) + fo r (someone/some thi ng)+ infi nit ive with 'to' . As well as 'possib le', t his str uc ture can beused with word s such as ' impossible' , 'easy', 'di fficult', etc.

S bBusi nesses ' have' staff, offices, managers, pro fits, etc. in the sameway that schools ' have' teachers, students, classrooms, good examresu lts, etc.

17 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: There is quite a lot to do in this task, so it's important to thinkcarefully about it all before you start.You need to understand the five jobs advertised.You need to th ink how to ask correct quest ions about the four pointsin the exam task. For the first one, you could ask, 'What kind of workexperience do you have?', and so on .You shou ld be ready to ask follow-up q uestion s, such as, 'Why isthat?' or 'Could you tell me more about tha t?' .For the fourth point, you need to relate you r partner's exper ience andinte rests to one or more of the jobs advertised.

Picture-based discussion18 I white-collar 8 training

2 manual 9 assistant3 office 10 promotion4 unskilled I 1 commute5 skilled 12 stressful6 hig hly skilled 13 holidays7 qualified 14 pension

TIP: This exercise intro duces a lot of useful voca bulary to talk abo utjob s in general.

19 d'Bet te r at' must be followed by a nou n or an .ing form.

2 ,'Very' is followed by an ad jective.

3 •You need to think about the logic of this sentence to find thecorrect answer.

4 cThe phrase is 'Involved in (something)'.

S bWe need a clause that contrast with 'works very hard physically'becau se o f 'Although' at th e sta rt of the sentence: 'not ... toost ressful'.

20 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You mu st talk about the three quest ions included in the examtask.You can talk about them in any order that you want, although theorder in the list is perhaps a good, logical order to talk about themin.There should be a quite a lot of things you can say about thepictures, as well as answering the questions.Use you r imagination: think about what hours these people probablywork, what they are making, or what skills they need, and so on.

SMART AN SWER KEY 179

Higher levelReading

1 n ls t rue.We read 'o ne in twe n ty employers (5%) agreed that appea rancewas a decisive factor', which is the same as saying th at 95% did n 'tag ree wit h this statement .

2 READING EXAMI d

We read 'the telephone conversanon I'd ha d with one of thembeforehand suggested ... the interview was [ust a formality'.

2 bWe read " knew I'd lost immed iately because of the way theylooked at me'.

J ,

We read 'Some are turned down for jobs, others miss out onpromotion'. The second group of people me ntioned art' notapplying for new jobs.

4 cWe read 'Discrimination cla ims involving alleged look-ism aresurging in the US: The verb 'surge' mean s ' increase sudden ly'.Note that answer b is also true, but th e in formation is not givenin th e article, se it's not the co rrec t answer here!

5 bThe interviewee says 'it's only a matter of time before some kin dof beauty bias legisla tion co mes in to play'. The noun 'bias' means'strong feenng in favour of or against a cer ta in gro up o f people'.The ph rase 'come in to play' mea ns 'appear'.

Listening

3 Your ow n ideas.

4 LISTENING EXAMI IJ

Wl' hear "two-I ncom e co uples often get used to perks, and .when . . th ey ha ve ch ild ren , th ey have to cu t back. We never hadthat so we do n' t feel dep rived' .

2 IJTh e sta teme n t is really a sum mary of what she' s sayi ng . She says' I really hope I live lo ng enough to see my great-gran dchildren',and also says 'w he n you' re old and dying, you don 't think ab outwhat yo u did at wo rk, do yo u?' - suggesti ng yo u'd th ink of you rfami ly.

:J Dwe hear 'The o n ly thing you can do is decide what yo u wan t toachieve by a certain po int in your life, and plan bac kwards fromthere'. She also mentions changing jobs so she can ret u rn to ahigher pos itio n after having ch ild ren (see note for 6).

4 is not mentioned.S A

we hear "Tim had to wo rk ex tra hours to help lIS ma ke endsmeet'.

6 J)

Wc hear ' 1decided to take a big pay cut and moved from Elte to asma ller magazine so that I cou ld get to a higher pos itio n in myjob'.

7 Cwe hear ' I work as an administra tive assista nt and raise thechildren on my own'.

8 :\We hea r 'We didn't want to be o ld parents ... when the ch ildrenfinished h igh school'.

~ 16 TRANSCRIPT

Sta rting a family ea rly usually means giving som ethi ng up. I asked a fewwomen who had children early in the ir lives what the decision mea nt forthem and what price they had to pay. li sten to what they told me.Tara HastingsWe d idn't want to be old paren ts. We tho ug ht it wou ld be gre at to be stillfull of energy when the children finished high schoo l. But whe n I left myjob as a manage r to be with th e children, it affected me more than I'dexpec ted. You beco me miserable when you stay at home all the time, andwhen you start losing respect for yourself, your partner loses respect foryou. On the other hand , rim had to work extr a hou rs to he lp us makeend s meet, and that ob viously deprived him of time to spend with thekids and also created distance between us. Our marriage suffered, weseparated, and it was really tough for both of us. Now, I'm back at work,and we're back together, but it wasn't all easy.Janlce PepperHaving my first child at 22 meant tightening the belt. Now we have threedau ghters, and we're still far from well off. We still have to get by on


cheap dinners, we drive a secon d-h and car, an d leson freelances as acomputer specialist in addi tion to his regul ar job.Two-incom e coupl es often get used to perks like expensive cars, dinnersout and overseas vacat ions, and then whe n they have children, they haveto cut back. We never had that so we don' t feel deprived.I didn't even try to make a career, bu t the n ... when you' re old anddying, you don 't think about wha t you did at work, do you? And do youknow what I loo k forward to? I really hope to live long enoug h to see mygreat-gr andchildren.L1nda SternI dropped out of college when I go t married, and my daughter was bornwhen I was 23. Two years later I had my second child, and soon after thatmy husband and I split up. I work as an admi nistrative assistant and raisethe children on my own. The truth is I envy those couples who waited tobecome esta blished . They bought homes and put some money aside. Wewere always beh ind; we started off with much less and never managed tocatch up. My children are a great joy to me, but I'd advise my daughterto wait until she's 28 or 30.Vanessa CarrollIt's a general prob lem - the best years for having children are also thebest time for establishing a career. The only thing you can do is decidewha t you want to achieve by a certain point in you r life, and planbac kwards from the re. I was de termined no t to end up as a 35-year-oldassistant. I decided to take a big pay cut and move d from file to a smallermagazine so that I could get to a highe r position in my job. That'lI helpwhen I get back to work.

Use of English

S l i 2f3j 4 e S d 6a 7b 8 h 9g to c

6 The text ment ions: A, H, E, F.Th e first two appear in the seco nd paragraph . the others in the lasttwo paragraph s.

7 USE DF ENGLISH EXAMI t hose

'Thos e' he re refers to ' peo ple who are (look ing for a job )' .2 why 110t

Thi s ph rase is used to gtve advice, in th e form of a questio n.3 even

The wo rds 'eve n if' oft en appear together to ta lk about acond itio n or particul ar ctrcums tances.

-t forWe use 'for' after 'apply'.

S this kind ofThe ph rase here refe rs to the kind of work you're applying fo r.

6 to

Completes the structure 'be af raid to (do somet hing)'.7 being

The phrase 'be ing greedy' is the subject o f the sentence, so itneeds an -tng form .

8 somet h ingCompletes the structure 'something' + adjective, which has thesame mean ing as 'somet hing that is' + adjective.

Writing

Writing a formal letter/job application8 1 a 2b 3a -tb 5b 6a

TIP: You need to use suitable formal language in a job application.The meaning of each pair of sentences is very similar, but in asituation like this you shou ld pay attention to how you're ph rasingwha t you want to say.

9 WRITING EXAM

TIP: Your letter must cover the required information in theadvertise ment.You need to :

introd uce yourself and explain the pu rpose of your le tterexplain yourself in relation to the three points the advertisementrequ ires guid es to haveclose the letter in an app ropr iate way.

You should use a suitable forma l style.Try to use a range of gramm atical structures - for exa mple, you canuse d ifferent verb tenses whe n talking abo ut yourself.

Speaking

Picture-based discussion10 Your ow n id eas.

11 Your own ideas.

12 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must address the ques tions in the exam task, in relation tothe picture.You need to use your imagination, and to specu late about thepicture. For example, you could say: 'Of course, I don 't know exact lywher e this picture was taken, but it looks as if the woman is perhapsrepa iring some kind of old wooden structure. I expect this is on afarm .. :You need to create a link from the picture to the mor e generalopinion-based part of the speaking task.You could say something like: " suppose you might be mor e likely tosee a man doing this kind of work than a woman . But that do esn'tmean that women are any less ab le to do this kind of work - it's justa question of tradition. However, I think it's possible to say that somejobs .. :

6 LISTENING EXAM1 b

we hear 'my birthd ay is in two weeks' t ime' .2 c

He mentions th e mothers of his six child ren: ' two by my secondwife and four by my third '.

3 cWe hear ' ten out of my twelve gra ndchildren '.

4 aWc h ear ' the work o n the farm was hard and we spe nt all dayoutdoors'. He con tradicts the othe r two opt ions : 'we had no ideawha t a heal th y d iet was' and 'There was no nee d to take anyexercise'.

S bWe h ear '1 lost one brother and o ne sister ... bu t th ose thatsurvived lived in to old age' .

6 cWe hear 'What you can do is . . . have a positive a tt it ude' .

7 bHe mentions giving lip smo king a pipe: 'after a week or so mywife could n' t stand it, so J th rew the pip e away' .

4 The co rrect answer is b .

Listening

8 Health

TIP: Always read the instructions carefully so you know what yousho uld expec t to hear.

S TYou find th e informat ion in qu estion l.

2 ,Ques tio n 2 tells LIS he 's been married once, twice or th ree times.

3 TQuestio n 3 tells us he's go t six, ten or twelve grandchildren.

4 TWe read in ques tion 4 di ffferent th ings tha t happen ed when MrStnclat r 'was yo ung'.

5 FQuestion 5 tells us Mr Sincla ir had broth ers an d siste rs.

6 TQue stion 6 te lls us what Mr Sinclair believes to be impo rtant.

7 TQu estion 7 me ntions Mr Sincla ir giving up smo king.

TIP: Not ice that you can find out a lot abo ut Mr Sindair from thequestions before you even hea r the recording . This will help youfocus on specific informat ion as you listen.

Radio pr esen terGood afternoon, listener s. Today, in our programm e 'Peop le Around Us'Helen Crow is talking to Mr Alistair Sinclair, a farmer from Carsto n who'sone hundred years old.Helen CrowMr Sinclair, how does it feel to be one hundred?Allstair SinclairWell, actually, I'm not one hundred yet. I was bo rn on , 0 September, somy birthday's in two weeks ' time. I co uldn' t forget ab out it, everybody ismaking so much fuss.Helen CrowYou have such a big family, how many people are coming to celebrate?Mr Slncl alrI've had six children, two by my second wife and four by my third. Fourof them are still alive and they're all coming, tog ether with ten out of mytwelve grandchildren and most of my great-g randchild ren. My eldestqreet-qranddauqhter's expecting a baby, so you could say there'u be fivegenerations presen t.Helen CrowYou're in perfect shap e, what do you do to keep fit?Mr SinclalrNowada ys, people seem crazy about having a healthy lifestyle. When Iwas young, nobody thought about such thing s. I was one of ten childrenin my family; we had no idea what a healthy die t was, we were happy ifwe had enough to eat. There was no need to take any exercise, the workon the farm was hard, and we spent all day outd oors. You had to bestrong; I lost one broth er and one sister quite early, but those thatsurvived lived into old age. We all probably took after my father, who diedat the age of ninety-four. I don't think you can do anything to guaranteea long life, it just happens to you. You can' t avoid hardship, eventragedi es, because that 's what life is like. What you can do is be as activeas possible and have a positive attitude.Helen Cro w .

Have you ever smoked?Mr SinclalrWell, I haven't tried cigare tt es, no . But once I thou ght I'd look interestingwith a pipe, so I tried that. But after a wee k or so my wife couldn' t standit, so I threw the pipe away. Actually, she left me a few mon ths later, but Ididn 't start smoking again.Hel en CrowThank you, Mr Slnclalr, on beha lf of our listeners I wish you all the bestand a very happy birthday.M r SlnclairThank you.

7 p repositi o ns: int o, from , in , as, belowmodal verbs: may, cou ld, should have, will , is going topronouns: we, h im, tha t, herself, itsarticles: the, an, (some)determiners: much, a lot o f, somelinking words: however, that, alt hough, but, neverthe lessAnd your ow n an swers.

Use of English

7 f 8 c6 a/b/e1 1 ble 2 e/b 3 g 4 d 5 h

NOTE : Some phrases can be mat ched with more tha n one verb.

2 b2d 3 c4 a

3 READING EXAM[l

Co mpletes th e st ruct ure 'increase (somebody's) chance of ' + nounor -tng form.

2 IWe ne ed a noun aft er the possessive adjec tive 'yo ur' and beforeth e prep osition 'of'. The meaning of ' in take' is 'amoun t that yourbod y receives'.

3 ATh e seco nd half o f th e phrasal verb 'work out' is after th e gap .

4 HThe sen tence afte r the gap, 'Exercise should be a pleasure ' refersto so methi ng yo u 'e n joy doing'.

5 "The seco nd ha lf of the phrasa l verb 'get up ' is af ter th e gap . Theform of ' walking' later in th e sen tence is also a clu e, as we use' t ry' with the -ing fo rm .

6 CThe missin g p h rase, 'keep calm ' gives the same advice yo u readbefore th e gap: ' Don't get st ressed'. (Gram mat ically, G is alsoposstble.)

7 EThe mean ing of th e m issing phrase helps you decide here.

S GThe previou s sentence ment ions one extreme o f being 'a fitn essfanatic '. The missing phrase contrasts with th is. (Gram matic ally,C is also possible.)

Reading


8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 bee n

Com pletes the Present Perfect verb form .2 able

'He ab le to ' is used to expr ess ability.3 tha t/w h ich

Eit her wo rd is poss ib le to in troduce a defin in g relative clause.4 tha n

The meaning of the sen tence helps decid e th is is a comparati vestruc ture , whi ch we cou ld rephrase as 'the British ha ve onl y l'WT

go t as far as break fast' ,5 order

The phrase ' in order la ' in tro duces an infin itive of purp ose.6 are

Completes th e Presen t Conti nuo us verb form . (Presen t PerfectCo nunuous, 'ha ve been chang ing' wou ld be possiblegrammatically, but the tas k requ tres th at you write on ly oneword.)

7 upCompletes the ph rasal verb 'tu rn up ', mean ing 'arrive{spontaneously)'.

8 likelyMean ing 'it 's more likely that you' ll be given cu rry or stir-fry thanroast beef' .

Writing

Writing an informal letter9 Your ow n ideas.

10 1 delicious2 soph isticated3 atmosphe re.J. vegeta rians5 fash ionable

TIP: Read the com pleted sentences to check that they make senselogically.

11 1 H 2 A 3 B 4 B

TIP: It's important to focus on using the appro priate style andvocabul ary, not just on mean ing.

12 Fo rma l open in g a nd closi ngDear Sir/Ma da m/ Director -+ You rs faith fullyWhen you don 't know the na me of the perso n you're writing to.Dear Ms Bowl es -+ Yours sincerelyWh en you know the nam e of the person you're writing to.In forma l ope n ing and closin gDear jesstca -+ All th e best/ Lots of loveDependi ng on how well you know the pe rson you'r e writ ing to.

13 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must answer all the questions in the letter you have beensent.You must make sure you produce an app rop riate informal let ter: itmust have a suitable opening and closing.Make sure you see what you need to do:

ide ntify the national dishesexplain which ones are your favouritessay when you have your main mealdiscuss any cha nges that are hap pen ing to food and eating .

You shou ld think carefullyabout how ma ny words you will use oneac h section.Make the most of opportun ities to show how much language youknow. Don't just name foods (after all, that won't be in Englishanyway). Explain that a d ish is, for example, absolutely delicious, orvery spicy, or coo ked very slowly, or popu lar in the south of thecountry, or made only in winte r, and so on.

Speaking

1S so'So tha t' has similar meani ng to ' in order to' .

2 theirWe need the possessive adjective here - it 's the 'energy levels' of' people' .

3 mostThe superlative is presented here - 't he most impo rtan t poi nt'.

4 fromCo mpletes the stru ctu re 'protec t (some body/something) from(somebody/so meth ing else)' .

5 aboutWe're tnvtnng someone to give us t heir opin ion, to te ll us wha tthey 'think abou t some thi ng ' .

16 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must talk abou t all the possible ideas that are listed in theexam task.Remember that the point throughout your discussion is how suitablethey would be for use in a poster campaign - so it's really about howeasily they can be communicated .Conside r all five first, and then move onto deciding which two wo uldbe most suitable for the posters.A good way to approach each one could be to ask each other wha twou ld happen if everybody did or did n't do these things.Rememb er to respond to wha t each other says.

Picture-based discussion17 1 of

Co mpletes the st ruct ure '(dtsjadvantage of' + no u n/-illg form _compa re to, for exa mple, 'Resta uran ts have the disadvantage ofbeing ex pens ive.'

2 theCompletes t h is usef ul way of int rod ucing an idea.

3 toCompletes the useful expression 't he' most impo rtant thing is +in finit ive with 'to'.

4 withCompletes the st ructu re 'provide (som eone/someth tngj with' +nou n .

S inTh is is the correct preposition: the flavour s are in the dish es.

18 If you ha ve to wor k late, you can eat a fast food d in ner on yourway hom e.

2 For young people, fast food is a cheap alternative to a resta urant.3 Let's face it , some people don't like cooki ng and fast food means

they don 't have to do it.4 If you need to provide a large group wit h a meal, fast food is an

easy way to do it.

19 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must dea l with the questions tha t the exam task includes.You can use the questions to provide you with a struc ture for yourtalk.For this level, the que stions are rather straightforward, so you shouldtry to int rod uce ideas of your own.Try to think of different ways in which you can compare - andcontrast - the foods shown in the pictures.Youcan expand apparen tly simple questions. For example, when youare asked 'Which would you prefer?', take the op portunity to talkabou t your eating habits in ge neral. You can explain that you ofteneat tradit ional food, but that you are qu ite health-conscious, an d soyou also eat a lot of salads. However, if you go out to the cinemawith friends in the evening, you are quite likely to get some fast foodto share before the film starts, an d so on.


Situational role-play14 I Exercise regu larly

2 Dress sensibly:l Get enough sleep

.J. Eat less sugar5 Always wash your hands

1 I Three.2 About medical problems they ha ve experien ced .3 One wo rd in each gap .

TIP: Always read the instructions carefully to make sure youunderstand exactly what you need to do.


2 1 m ounta in (noun)2 smoke (verb ):l roast chicken (noun )4 ru n n ing (-i llg form of verb)

3 Your own idea s.

5 money (n oun )6 basketball (nou n)7 dangerous (ad jective)8 dairy products (nou n)

4 LISTENING EXAM1 ladder

The ball was in the tree so Jo hn went on a ladde r to try to gel it.2 worry

John says the doctor said 'I shouldn't worrv'. She also said Johnshould do so me exercise. '

3 soupHe says he 'loves' soup 'whe n he's not well '.

4 skiingRemember the answer must be one word. You cannot answer with'a ll holid ay' or 'go ing the wron g way' etc.

S insuran ceGrammatically. it cannot be 'i nsured', and 'bills' would not makesense.

6 swi mmingShe ' loves' swimmi ng. and not being able to 'was th e worstthing',

7 funnyHe though t they were ' funny'; it was his parents who were'worried' , an d Agneta who tho ugh t them 's t range',

8 st rawberriesHe says he 'must never have an y st rawberries', David 's allergic tostra wberries.

lIr 18 TRANSCRIPT

DavldHi Agneta, hi John .AgnetaHi Devid.JohnHi David.DavldDid you hurt your foot?Agn etaIt looks terrible!JohnYes, it doesn't look good, does it? Oh, I was so stupid. I was playing witha ball, and it got stuck up a tree. The only way to get it back was to goup the tree, I thought, so I got my dad's ladder , and started climbing upthat , but then I slipped, and so me and the ladder cam e crashing down. Ilanded badly on my foot , and so here we are.DavldOh dear! And is it broken? Will the dama ge be perm anent ?AgnetaWhat did the doctor say?JohnShe said it's not actually broken, and basically said I sho uldn't worry - itwill fully recover. In the meantime I have to do some gentle exercise .So I have to rest a lot. But it's OK, I can watch TV a lot. And eat , too. Ialways love having soup when I'm not well - it's really nice. Anyway,didn't you damage your foot last year, Agneta?AgnetaEr, my leg, not foot, bu t yes, it was horrible. It ruined my holiday. Wewere skiing, and I went the wrong way suddenly somehow - I do n'tknow, but , crack, that was that.JohnAwful. And I suppose the ho liday was expensive.. .AgnetaYes, and to make matters worse my da d, my silly dad , had n'tremem bered to renew my travel insurance, so I wasn' t insured at all. Wehad to pay really big hospital bills.JohnOh no.DavldHow long were you out of action?AgnetaI don 't know, it was wee ks and weeks and weeks. I hated it because Icou ld n' t really do anyth ing .John1wou ldn't mind!AgnetaYes, but I couldn't even go for a walk, and you know how I really loveswimming, so it was completely awful no t being able to go - tha t was theworst thing.JohnAt least you've never broken anyth ing, David.DavldYes, I'm glad about that.Agn etaBut on the othe r hand you had that skin thing.JohnOh, yes, your amazi ng spots.Davldlast month, yes. There were so many - they seemed funny to me, but I

know my parents were worried.Agnetar reme mbe r 1 thou ght they were pretty strange.JohnAnd is it right they were part of an allergy?DavldYes, a bad allerg ic reaction . So now 1must never have any strawberries. Aslong as I don't, I'm OK.AgnetaOoh, that' s not fair. Strawber ries are the best fruit!DavldWell, I've never been crazy abou t them anyway...

Use of English

5 False.We read 'coo ler weath er doesn 't cause co ld '.

2 True .We read 'dry air makes the nasal cavity more susceptible to bugs '.

3 True.We read 'cases of co lds and nu su rge between the begin n ing ofautumn and spring'.

4 Patse.We read 'two to fou r resp irat ory infecti on s a yea r; ch ild ren evenmore'.

S True.You also have to read the four possible answers to dec ide this, asthe gap is whe re a key ve rb wou ld be (positive or negative). Allfour o pt ions seem to encourage you to avoid physical contact.You may be able to decide without reading the answers if youread the whole paragraph instead, but it 's less obvious.

6 False.We read 'kissing and shaking hands are su re ways to catch a cold ' .

6 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 b

The phrasal verb ' brush up (on somet hin g)' means to 'revise/ recallwhat you know (abo ut so me th ing)' .

2 aThe phrase is 'co n trary to po pu lar belief' , meaning 'many peoplebelieve it but it's not act ua lly t rue'.

3 dUsing ' a cha nce' would also be co rrect , but not without theindefinite article 'a'.

• dCo mp letes the ph rase 'associated wit h', meani ng 'co nnected to'.

5 aCo mp letes the phrase 't he ave rage (ad ult)', used to give a typica lexa m ple to illustra te th e po int you' re making.

6 aIhts is th e on ly wo rd that fits the context logically as well asgram matically,

7 cYou don 't have to avoid people wit h a co ld comple tely but youneed to be care ful aro und th em so yo u don't catch a virus fromth em .

8 cCo mp letes the phrase 'keep (alone's) distance' .

Reading7 I Because of thi s

2 so3 Altho ugh'" as a result Of

TIP: Note the connection between cause and effect, an d the variousways in which you can express this.

8 A True.B False.

They suffe red from 'scu rvy' , bot seasick ness .C True.o True .E False.

A varied diet is mentioned, but weight loss is not connected tothi s.

f fa lse.we read ' It has a lon g history' .

G True.H False.

He in troduced a new measurement for the 'heat value' o f foods to measure how much energy they contain.fa lse.There's no mention of Vitamin C in the paragraph .


9 READING EXAMI A

Thi s paragraph introduces th e topic and the gen eral idea of dietsand dieting.

2 GThis paragraph goes on to explain the 'diffe rent kind ' of dietsintroduced in th e previ ous paragraph .

3 I:This paragraph picks up 'all th ese' - th e list of kind s in th eprevious paragraph - and focuses on the modern meaning.

• CThis paragraph begin s with ' it', meaning th e 'h isto ry' at the endof the previous paragraph.

S EThis paragraph links to 'William th e Co nqueror' in the previousparagraph with 'h im',

6 11Th is paragraph tal ks abo ut 't hese', linking hack to 'diffe ren tthings our bodies need ' in the previou s parag raph .

7 IlThis paragraph link s ' the discovery' to the realisation abo utVitamin C in the previous paragraph.

s ItThis para graph moves on from the previou s one - 'nobod y knew'- to the work of Atwater.

9 IThis paragraph links 'th is measurement' to the 'calorie' t'mcasureth e heat value.. .') in th e previous paragraph.

Writing

Writing a letter from the editor (of a studentmagazine)10 1 c

Com pletes the st ructure: adjective + 'for (someo ne)' + infi n itivewith 'to'. For example, 'it was exciting for us to visit Australia. '

2 aPutt ing 'W hat' at th e fron t like th is is a usefu l way of makingyour focus clear. For exa mple , 'What I find really difficult InEnglish is the phrasa l verbs .'

3 aCo mpletes the expression 'give a point of View', mean ing to'say/write what you think. To 'have a point of view' Is simplywhat you think.

• cCo mpletes the phrase 'as long as', which mean s ' if'.S b

Co mpletes the 'be going to ' future form.

11 Your own ideas.

12 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: Your letter must include all four points in the list that the examtask specifies.Your lette r needs to have an opening and closing, such as 'Dear Rita',and it needs to sign off from you as editor. However, it wouldn't beappropr iate to write comments like 'See you soon,' as you proba blydon 't know the person well (or at all).The main part of your letter needs to respond to what Rita haswritten, and then to make your own suggestions.The first and fourth points listed can probably be written in one ortwo sentences each.Think carefully about how many words and senten ces you will needto prepare to write for the main two points.Write in an appropriate neutral style throughout. Remember thatyour reply is meant to be read by all the students who read themagazine .

Speaking

Picture-based discussion13 I d

This is th e first cond it io nal, here used to make arecommendation.

2 I' Fluo ride in your toothpaste' is the subject of th e verb 'makes'.

3 a'Should ' is for clear adv ice: the t ime phrase 'every two o r threemo nths' works like an adverb on the verb 'change' ,

• bThe first cond it ional here com municates a warning of th e badoutcomes of eat ing certain foods.

184 SMART ANSW ER KEY

S C'111l' passive is US("d with the verb 'cause'; not e the positi on o f th eadverb 'o ften'.

6 e' It's a good idea ' + infin itive with ' to' is a good struc ture formaking suggestions and recommendations in a positive way.

14 Your own ideas.

1S SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: The exam task makes its requirements clear, and you must talkabout the points it mentions.The best approach is probably to begin by describing the pictures.There are oppo rtunities here for you to show some of the lang uageyou know by describing them in interesting detai l.Don't forget that you can specu late a little: What treatment is theyoung woman having? Why do you think it is needed?Think about the language functions requ ired for the two ques tions inthe exam task. The first requ ires you to explain things, the second touse appro priate ways to make suqqestlons or recom menda tions.

Debate16 Possible answers:

Hea lth y: gyms- cycle paths, commuti ng to work/sch ool by publi ctran spo rtUn healt hy: fast food , surfing the Int ern et, uvtng in citie s, soft drinksI'lhc catego risation depends o n your own opinion. )

17 You r own ideas.

18 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: First think about what ideas are involved: there are actually twoseparate statements: our mod ern lifestyle is unhealthy, and we livelonger than 100 years ago .Think of things that are unhealthy about the way we live to supportthe first statement. Try to think of counter-arguments, as well: whatare the healthy aspects of mod ern living?Now conside r what you know abo ut life 100 years ago, and howmuch has changed since about the way we live. Don't forget : you' renot tested on how much you know about the early 20th century, butabo ut how well you express you rself in English!If you don't know something for certain, you can say so, for example'I'm not sure if it's true but maybe people ate more meat and lessvegetables' . Or, you can speculate about the changes 'Working outand exercising may have becom e more popular in the last 100 years' .l ook at the Speaking Bank on page 128 for some useful phrases forthe debate task.

9 SportReading

1 The best summary is b.

2 Possible answers:I He saw Evcrton play l .tverpool with his dad o n 'IV at hi s uncle's

house.2 He played in the school team .3 lie won a swimming competi tio n.4 li e buys a season ticket.5 Liverpool won the Cha mpions' League.6 The ir car broke down on the motor way.

3 READING EXAMI f

We read 'My fath er and my o lder brother support Evcrton . but Isuppo rt Liverpool'.

2 Btie tells the story of th e first Liverpool game he watched ontelev ision , whe n he ' loved th e way th e Reds played ' (the Reds isth e nickn ame for Liverpool . after the colour of their team shi rt )and decided 'to become a Liverpool player'.

-' AHe answ ers ' I've never played for a serious team ', although he alsomentions having played for his school team.

• DHis answ er in cludes ' I go alo ng to all th e hom e games', and 'Iwear red every Saturday' .

5 CI-Ie refers to watching hi s team winning th e Champions' Leagueas 'amazing', some he 'st ill can 't believe'.

6 (j

He tells the story of how he wanted to go to the I-'t\ Cup Final toCard iff with his friend, but th eir car broke dow n.

Listening

4 Possib le answer:The recording h about a famous sportsperson, Muhammad AIi. whowas a boxer.

S a an d cStateme nt h is about Muham mad Ali's opin ion abo ut hisdaughter's box ing. 'A l ike' m eans 'sim ilar',

2 aand b' By (a certai n time)' and 'be fore (a certa in lime)' a re sim ilar inmeaning - th ey refe r to t ill' pe riod sta rt ing before, then finis h ingat his 25t h birth day.

3 a and cStatement 1J has th e exact opposite meaning. If so met h ing takesyou less time to do, you can do it ea rlier tha n expected.

6 LISTENING EXAM1 d

We hear ' he was known ... for h is poetry', He d idn't win threeOlympic go ld medals. but beca me the heavyweight box ing wor ldchampion three times. He wasn't ac tua lly a 'ra pper', t he text onlysays his ability co uld have made h im o ne.

2 aThe record ing refers to 'a local po liceman Jot' Martin ', and in t ill'next sen tence men tions th at 'Mart in was the boxing coach'.

3 bWe he ar that 'he signed a lucrat ive pro fessiona l co ntr act' verysoon after h is Olympic victory at the age of 18 . He was anamateu r boxer for only 6 years. won most of h is matches, and'became a celebrity', so non e of the other options are correct.

• cWe hear ' li e refused to serve in the Ame rican army ... and, as aresu lt, he lost his championsh ip belt' (the belt bei ng the symbolof the cha mpion). His five-year sentence that's me ntioned in therecor d tng 'was cance lled by the Supreme Co urt'.

S dWe hea r ' he ha s not been forgo tten'. The reco rd ing co ntrad icts a llth e othe r three answers.

~ 19 TRANSCRIPT

You must have hea rd about Muhammad AIi - pro bab ly the most famousathlete and one of the best-known people in the world. But what do youactually know about his life?He was the first three -time heavyweight boxing champion of the world.He was known for his powerful fists as well as for his poetry. His ability tocompose rhymes on the run could easily qua lify him as the first rapper. Hewon an Olympic go ld meda l and laler threw it into a river in protestagainst racism in America.Ali's interest in box ing began whe n he was 12. He was livi ng in a poorblack neighbourh ood in Louisville, together with his parents and broth erRudy. One day, when his new bicycle got stolen , Ali repo rted the fact to alocal policeman Ice Martin . He was furious and said that he was going tobeat up the thief. Martin was the boxing coach at the toutsvtlle's Cluband he also had a TV show called 'Tomo rrow's Cha mpions'. Seeing Ali'sde terminat ion, he suggested that the boy learned to fight.Ali passionately devoted himself to amateur boxing. He t rained hard andsoon became a celebrity in his hometown. Within the next few years, hewon 100 of his 108 matches. At 18, he becameOlympic gold medallistand very soon he signed a lucrative professional contract.In the 1960s, Ali became one of the mos t cont roversial figures in hiscou ntry. He refused to serve in the American army in Vietnam for religiousreasons and, as a result, he lost his cham pionship belt. He was alsosente nced to five years in prison , but later the sente nce was cancelled bythe Supreme Court.Muhammad Ali retired from boxing in 198 1 and soo n afterwards he wasdiagnosed with Parkinson 's disease. However, he remained active invarious fields and he has not been forgotten. In 1999, he was namedSportsman of the Century by one of the biggest sports magazi nes. In thesame year, Ali'sdaughter Laifa made her debut as a boxer despite herfather's earlier comments against female boxing.

Use of English

1 watchWe norma lly say 'watch tsomeuu ng) on TV'.

2 com peteCompletes th e p hrase 'com pete for (a pr ize)'.

3 scoreYou can w in matches, but goa ls or po in ts arc sco red.

.. playIt's a good idea to memorise which sports and games we 'play','do' and which we refer to with 'go' + -illS form.

S doesSee the note for -t.

6 hi tDon' t con fuse how you get points in competitive sports with theresult. You hit t he ball to sum:. a point.

7 sailedWe nor mally use 'sail ' to refer to travelling by boat.

8 is playedPassive is needed he re.

8 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI Tile first modern Olym pic Games were held in Athe ns in 18 96 .

Grammat ically ' in 1896 in Athens ' would also he correct , butthefull sto p is given at th e end of year.

2 The w inner of each competttton wins a gold medal.:\ When the win ners receive their medal, their national ant hem is

p layed.-t There has also bee n a Winter Olympics ever}"four years since

19 24.5 Before 1988 o nly amateurs could compete in the Olympic Games.

'Only' logically refe rs to 'amateurs' here, so its place is notbetween the two parts of the verb.

6 Ove r :\.5 billion people watched the Sydney Olympics ontelev ision.

7 More than eleve n th ou sand co mpetitors took pa rt in 2004 in theSyd ney Slimme r Olympics.You have to use two ' in' preposttt on s, so ' in th e 200 4 Syd neySummer Oty mptcs' can no t be correct.

8 The large num ber of people who take par t makes it dif ficu lt andexpensive for the host cities to organise Olympics.

TIP: Sentence 8 is difficult because of the large number of words.Cross out each one as you've used it, then re-read the sentence tosee where any words that are left over could logically fit.

Writing

Writing an emait9 1 Basketball is played by almost every boy in my region .

2 Olym pic cha mpio ns arc ad mired by eve ryo ne.3 A to ta l of ten go ld medal s were won by our coun try in th e last

Olym pic Games.4 Spor t will be played by fewer young peo ple in the future, I'm

afraid. / I'm afraid spo rt will be played by fewer young peo ple inthe future.

5 The league championship final was watched by over 20 millionpeople.

10 There's nobody in the world as mad on sport .il5: my siste r. She wakesup ta lking about it, and plays it~ second she can of the day. Ith in k she dreams about it at night. Her bed room walls ardblodroo m~ is covered in pos te rs o f fam ous spo rtspeople. All he r frien ds arejust !..llt same. I'm t!illill)' dif feren t . I can take it or leave it. I watch aga me o f foo tball occasion ally, but only if there isn 't i'! goo d film o n.

11 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must write abo ut exac tly what the exam task asks you towrite about.Make sure you notice the words ' in your reg ion', and that you makethis the focus of your message.You only have up to SOwords for your mesiage, and there is a lot tosay - three points altogether. Plan how many words to spend oneach point befo re you start writing.If you miss a po int out, you will lose marks.It you include some reasons for what you say, you will get moremarks.Write in a neut ral style, as you don't know the people you're writingto.

Writing an informal letter12 I fo r

Com pletes the structure 'be good/bad for (someone/somethi ng)' .

2 "Complete", the phrase 'at least' , meaning 'a minimum of'.

3 what'What' here means ' th e things that'.

-t in'I n' always follows 'interested' in this kind of context.

S orTh ese art' a ll atternauves. wit hin a negati ve list .

6 toCo mpletes the st ruct ure 'ca n' t wait to (do someth tng j' Thi s is no tthe same as 'w ait for (someo ne/some th ing)', for example, ' I'mwaiting for the bus', or 'He waited for her in the pa rk' .


5 better6 long

13 DFirst conditio na l sentence: 'if' + Presen t Simple followed by 'w ill'.

2 AThe collocation is 'a tt itude to (something/ somebod y)'.

J CThe second half gives the condition for the higher achievements:being ' part of a team'..,Completes the phrase 'make (somebody) do (something)'.

5 BThe first half is the subject of the complete sentence expressed inan -ing form.

6 ECompletes the struc ture 'a (ad jective) way' + in fin itive with 'to' .

14 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: Your lett er must cover all the requir ed points in enough de tail.You need to spend at least 60 words on average on each point. Makesure you have enough ideas prepared - don 't just start writing andhope the ideas will come. (Even if they do come, they won't co me inthe right order.)For the first point, don't just list the names of a few sports. Give thissome inte rest. and use different verb tenses, by saying which sportsyou used to play (but don't now), which sports you play better, orworse, or with whom, what time of yea r, and so on.For the second point, really try to explain your reasons. Whateveryour attitude, it isn't right or wrong - but it does need to be madeclear.For the third point, try to think in different ways. Health may be theobvious aspect to mention, but there are all sorts of other aspectstoo, from discipline, to psychology.Write your letter in a friendly, informal way to your penfriend.

Speaking

Situational role-play1S I Me you more interested in playing or watching/watch ing or

playing spo rts?Note th e wo rd order 'are you' for questions, and 'i nterested' + 'in'.

2 Why do you find that more interesting?'Do' is used to make the question form, and ' that' is a pro noun,used to represent the th ing the ot her pe rson just satd. 'More' ispart of a compa rative adjective.

3 00 you currently watch or play/play or watch some kind of sport?'Do ' is the auxiliary for the question form here. Notice the wo rdorder for the position of the adverb 'currently'.

4 What is it that you like about that sport?This is a more focused way of asking, 'What do you like aboutsport?'

5 How much time do you haw available for a new sport?'Do' is used for the question form, and notice how the question isdivided across 'much time' and 'available for' - 'for' alwaysfollows 'available' in this kind of co ntex t.

19 I just 3 together2 soon 4 very

20 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must talk about all five of the aspects that the exam taskspecifies.With two pictures and five things to consider, you have a usefulstructure provided for you to talk about.You should probably begin by describing the two photos in a fairlystraightforward way, while you collect your thoughts. Then you canmove on to the discussion side of the task.You can express your own opinions, as long as you also show you areaware that there are other ways of considering the subject. Forexample, you could say something like: 'Persona lly, I'm very happyjust to be playing sport. I'm not too worr ied about winning, orlosing. But I can see that these three girls look very happy, and I thinkthat this may be because they have just won a race. So I g uess thatwinning is really important for them .. .'

Higher levelReading

1 The best answer is 2.In the second paragraph , we read 'Ex perimen ts involving overweightchildren .. . showed that those who had to pedal when they wantedto watch their favourite programmes .. . watched far less television '.

2 Possible answers;2 Experiments involving overweight children aged between eight

and twelve showed that those who had to pedal when theywanted to watch their favourite programmes not only watched farless te levisio n, but also recorded impressive loss of fat. (pa ragrap h2)

3 Hut there are other things we could do that are only lim ited byour imagina tio ns . (the last line in parag raph 3)

4 Mr Alliso n once proposed that people shou ld be charged to travelin lifts in an effort to encou rage th em to use the sta irs. (th e firstsentence in paragraph 4 )

5 Mr Allison ... said that 13% of American children were co ns idere dserious ly overweight. (second sen tence in pa ragraph 4)

6 Ch ildren who had the 'couch potato 'IV sets' watched on ave rageone hour of television a week while children in a second 'cont rol'grou p watc hed more than twenty hours. (last sentence in thearticle)

TIP: Notice that the order of true/false statements follows the orderof information in the article.

3 READING EXAMI T 2 F 3 F -I T 5 F 6 F

NOTE: Compare the information found in exercise 2 with thestatements to dec ide if they are true or false.

TIP: Rem ember which ways of making suggestions we use with aninfinitive without 'to', and which with an -ing form .

16 I A and C2 1\ and D

] AandC4 AandC

5 Ba nd D6 B and O Listening

4 Your own ideas.

5 1 a 2e 3 b-ld 5 c

17 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: There are fou r things you must do in this exam task, and theyare clearly listed for you.For the d iscussion to be interesting and effective, you need todevelop the ideas. Askyour partner to give reasons, to explain whyhe or she says what he or she says. In the same way, when you ge t tothe final part of the discussion, you must make sure that you giveyour reasons for choosing to recommend the sports that you do.

Picture-based discussion18 I She's wearing a black ben, so she must be really ~.

Either you 'd ress ill clothes' or, more usually, you 'wear clothes'. Agirl might 'd ress' her do ll, and the nurse or doctor mig ht 'd ress'your injury with a bandage. (A black belt in martial arts is thesymbol of a master.j We need the adjective 'good ' he re to refer toher martial skills.

2 All four o f them ill about the same age.Remember, in English we say 'be an age', not 'have an age' like insome other languages.

3 is co rrect.4 You can see that they' re rea lly pleased 1Y.i.1b th emselves.

Correctly com pletes the st ruct ure 'be pleased wit h(someone/somet h ing)' - also works wit h many ot her adjectives offeeling , for example, ' I'm very angry with hi m.' Don't confusethis with 'be proud' + 'of.

5 is correct.


TIP: Make sure the sentence halves match logically as well asgramma tically.

6 B and D.The lan guage used in th e other sentences is stronger than in thesetwo . B, in particular, is quite gentle - 'I think you could' . However,don't forge t that the effect of what someone says can be as muchfrom the way they speak as from the actual words they use .

7 LISTENING EXAM

I clothesWe hear 'making sure you 're wearing the proper clothes. You needthem to protect you .. .'

2 altitudeWe're told to 'build up the right attitude.' This is explained to us:' If you don't expect to win , don 't be lieve you 're going to , thenyou won't.' 'Ve must put a noun in the gap, so we can't write'be lieve ', for example.

J ambitionWe 'need ambition ' to deve lop pe rformance - 'to get better andstro nger an d faster.'

4 relaxBecause 'tension can be a real enemy,' we must learn how to 'make sure you know how to' - 'relax' when not training - ' in thetime when you're not on your bike.'

4 mdepe ndentS sec ta!

5 eatThe trainer says, 'You must cut properly, all th e right foods andno ne of the wrong foods.' If not , our performance will decrease 'wit ho ut the righ t stuff go ing in , your body won 't give o f its best .'

6 healthyWe shou ld stay - ' keep' - healthy.

~ 20 TRANSCRIPT

Cycling trainerGood evening everyon e. Now, we'll be going thro ugh to the gym in aminute, but I'll just say a few words about training and race prepar ationfirst. There are many factors to cons ider. The first thing of all is yourmachine. Choos ing the righ t bike for you is where it all kicks off from. Butno less import ant than that is making sure you' re wearing the properclothes. You need them to protect you from the elements and also in theevent of falling off your bike. OK, but it's no t all visible things tha t count.You can have the best bike in the world, but you won't win anythingun less you build up the right attit ude. If you do n't expect to win, do n' tbelieve you 're going to, then you won't. And an integ ral part of this iswanting to get bett er - you need ambition if you' re going to get bett erand stronge r an d faster. And you also need a bit of intelligence to go withit. 50 educate yourself, learn abo ut the technical side of racing - study abit of physics, check the det ails of the race course, wha t gear to usewhere, and so on. Right, well, the rest of my advice conce rns what youdo off the bike - which is very important too. Tension can be a realenemy. Make sure you know how to relax in the time when you' re not onyou r bike. Then you re-charge your batteries. Stressed out riders do n't win- they just ge t to the doctors quicke r! Related to this is diet. You must eatproperly, all the right foods an d none of the wrong foods. Without theright stuff going in, your body won't give off its best. Your body is asmuch of a machine as you r bike, so look after it. Don't smoke, drink, stayup late - always keep healthy. Well, those are the basics. l et's go throu ghnow and then you can see what

Use of English

8 harmfulWe need an adj ect ive aft er th e adv erb .

2 facilitateWe need a verb here. The 'to' is part o f the infi n it ive, not apreposi t ion .

3 iden tifyWe co uld use either wor d after ' help' but we wou ld need 'of afterthe noun ' iden tification', and the defi n ite article 'the' befo re il.

-t important, an unnecessaryThe first .....ord must be an adject ive to co m plete the statement.For the second word, you must co nsider .....hat the statementmeans: an 'int rusion' is a negative thing. something that affectspeople's lives in a way they don't want.

.5 decided, prest igeThe first word must be the th ird form of the verb to complete apasstve sentence. The mea ni ng o f 'decisive' is 'very important forthe final result' , which doesn't suit the con tex t. The seco nd wordis a noun because it co mes after the article 'the'.

6 disagreeBoth are poss ible grammattcally, but th e statem en t o n ly makesSl' IlSC if yOll use th e negat ive verb.

9/10 Posstble answers:

ve rbs nouns adj ectives adv erbs

"'C "'" useful usefullydtsusc usage useless uselessly

user " 'Oddisuse disused

necessitate necessity nffessary neccssarnyu nnecessary unnccessarfly

refuse refusa l

offend offence offe nsive offensivelyoffender

qualify qual ification qualifyingd isqualify qualifi er d isqualifying

quali tyd isqua lificatio n

suffice (su fficiency) sufficien t sufficient ly(ins ufficiency) insufficien t insuffici entl y

co m pete co mpe tit ion competit ive compcttttvelyco m petitor

competit ivenessinco mpetence

(spcctate) spectacle spectacu lar spectacularlyspectator

11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI use

We need a nou n aft er ' the'.2 necessita tes

The long clause be fore the verb is the subject 'The use .,. ofsubs ta nces ... considered as do p ing', and 'disciplinary act ion' isthe sub ject. The meaning is: 'Doping makes it necessary to takedisciplinary action', in other words 'to punish' people for doping.

3 refusalWe need a no un after 't he',

-t offencesYou haw to think about the mea n ing he re. What you 'repeat' areth e unacceptable actions , in other words 'offences '. You' li need touse th e plural fo rm , as we' re referring to repe ated occas ions.

.5 d isqualificationWe know it must be a noun because it follows the lnd cfl nltcarticle 'a' . The con text makes it clear th e word refers to ti ll'pun ish men t that peopl e who use doping receive.

6 insufficien tYou ne ed to read the who le paragra ph to make sure we ne ed aneganve adje ct ive here. Th e text sugges ts th e problem is evenmort' co mplex th an it first ap pea rs,

7 co mpet itorsThe mea n ing is important here. The sentence talks about peoplewan ting to achieve more than the people they arc compet ingaga inst, more than thei r 'co mpetitors'.

8 spectacularWe need an adjective to tell us what kind of 'results',

Writing

Writing an argumentative essay12 Your ow n ideas.

13 Possible an swers:Definition uf sport :organi sed physical acti vit y in co mpet itio nAd vantages of spurt:helps you concentrate on study ingencou rages team buil dingkeeps you fitmakes people feel proudDisad va ntages of spo rt:too com petit ivemakes people who don't like it feel excludedcrea tes conflict

And your ow n ideas.

14 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must carefully construct a clear and log ical argument forthis exam task. The content is up to you - the ide as need to be yourown.You need to give your essay a strong structure, so that the reader caneasily follow what you wan t to say.Use facts, and then build arguments up . For exam ple, describe thesituation regard ing Physical Education in your scho ol. Say how muchthere is, and wha t you do. Then say whether it is useful or not andwhy. Say what it's like for people who aren' t good at it. Say, movingon, what could happen if you didn't a ll do it. Say how these othe rthings wou ld and wouldn't be useful for individuals and the school.Use an appropriate formal style throughout your essay.

Speaking

15 I nervou s2 feeling3 motivated

TIP: Make sure the words fit the sentences logically as well asgrammatically,

16 To be l!!mill l don't really enjoy looking at these Images! S'X)rt isn'tsomething that interests me much . I mean, of co urse I can see thatlots of peo ple like it. Some people are co mpletely obsessed~ it my brother, for example. I think the problem for me is that I wasbad at spo rt when I started school, and the sports teac her made itvery skar that thi s was tru e! So we never really had a closeconversa tion lihfI~ the o ne he re. because I was never in theteam, Spor t always mak es me feel left Q.1J.1 of things, not a') good aso the r people.


17 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must discuss fully the co mparisons and contrasts tha t theexam task requires of you here.You need to spec ulate qui te a lot so that you can respond to the task.Say what you imagine the different people might be talking about, orwhat they m ight be feetinq.Bring in your own relevant experiences. It doesn't matte r whetheryour experiences are positive or negativ e - you (an use them here.

Debate18 Possibleanswers:

for : risk, adrena line rus h, cha llengi ng your body. doing so mcthtngdi fferen t. you nee d relia ble equipmen t, danger is exc tung. sense ofach ievement, funAga in st: risk, yo u need relia ble eq uipme n t, accidentsAnd yo ur ow n ideas.

19 SPEAKING EXAMTIP: In this task type, you often find a state ment that takes anextreme view point, so it's easier for you to take sides for or aga inst it.First of all, de cide if you ag ree or disagre e.Use the ideas generated by exercise ' 8 to start plann ing yourarguments.l oo k at the Speaking Ban k on page 128, so you can use a range ofdifferent phrases to respon d to your pa rtner's argu ments.Success in this task is measu red by how well you com munic ated yourown ideas, and how well you respo nded to your partner's ideas - notby who persuaded whom in the end.

10 Free time and cultureReading

1 Poss ible answers:1 Newsp ape rs have existed in Britain for 300 years, but tabloid s are

twice as popu lar as 'q uality' newspapers.2 Tab lo ids are character ised by the type of news they feat ure - very

o ften focusin g on celebrities.3 Th ere are many qu estionable aspects of tabloid journalism.4 Gossip is po pu lar, an d the main aim o f tab loids is to enter ta in,

not to in form.

2 The best answer is b.This is the only sentence that co nnects the sen tence befo re and theone after the gap.

3 READING EXAM1 F

The 'new newspaper' that everyone could buy mentioned in thissentence is contrasted wit h earlie r newspapers that 'only a tinym inori ty" read in me previous sentence.

2 CTh e sentence goes on to explain wh at 'stze and format'characte rise tabloids.

3 BThe sente nce gives an exa m ple of wha t 'ce rta in kinds' of newsyo u find in a tabloid.

4 H'Them' and ' the ir' here refer to th e 'celebrit ies' mentio ned beforethe gap.

S GThe sen tence mentions ' these accusations' whic h refers to th ethings th at tabloids were accused of, menti oned before the gap.

6 AWe read after the gap about 'a co nsequence of this atti tude',referring to the tab loids' view 'that the public has the righ t tokno w anythmg and everything, but celebrities ha ve no righ ts toprivacy at all' .

7 n'Maybe the reason' begins the answer to the question before thegap: 'Why ... does Britain ... co nsu me tabloids like chocolate?'

Listening

4 I t he 6 an ything/someth ing2 DC 7 by:l 10 8 th e4 with 9 ot her/ma ny5 abo ut 10 havc/usc/tnduuc

5 Your own ideas.

6 same'Turn out' means 'become'.

2 sameIf you're 'hungry', it's because you 'want something to eat'.


J d ifferentIn H, th e th ing that you 'prefer' is the thing that you thin k isbetter o r more interesting.

-4 differentIf you 'wonder', you really don't know, but if you 'expect 'something to happen you believe that it will happen.

7 LISTENING EXAMI F

Anna says that it wasn't her ' kind of film' - so she wasn't look ingforward to it. She ha d a nice time. though: 'However. it turnedout pretty well'.

2 T\Iaria says: 'I' d forgo tten to eat before we went, so I kept wantingit to end, so I cou ld go an d get some thing to eat.'

3 TDavld says: ' it's t rue it was lo ng, but th at 's because rtnecdcd tohe, J th in k. It's a co mplicated sto ry.'

4 FThe imp ortant thing here is to be clear about exactly wha t Marlatho ug ht was interesting. Foll owing o n from David, she says thatthe story being co mplicated 'doesn't make it a good o ne.' But shedid like 't he sett ing o f the film' - this 'kept you involved'.However, that's di fferen t from the story; in fact, she says the filmwas in terestin g 'in spite of the sto ry.'

5 TShe's read the book and she's seen the film. and she says, 'thebook remains the more Interesting version.'

6 FThe importan t th ing he re is what he decides in the end. He doesthink about the DVD as a present for h is sister: 'I wo ndered aboutthe DV £) for my sister's bi rt hday, wh ich is co m ing up soon.'However. th ere's a problem: 'She doesn' t like the small scree n, "00

I'm going to buy her a couple of tickets inst ead .'

..21 TRANSCRIPT

MarlaSo, Anna, what did you think of the film?AnnaWell, Marta, when David sugges ted go ing ...DavldOh I see, blame me, is it?AnnaOh no, [ agree d to come, although, ge nerally speaking, it's just not mykind of film, you know, historical. However, it turned out pretty well, as faras I'm co ncerned.DavldThat's a relief, then. What about you, Maria?MarlaNot bad, I guess. Actually, you know, I'd forgotten to eat before we went,so I kept wanting it to end, so I could go and get something to eat - verysilly. It sto pped me concentrating properly - the film seemed to go on toolong.Ann aAnd you, David?DavldWell, it's true it was long, but tha t's bec ause it needed to be, I th ink. It's acomplicated story.MarlaHrn, which doesn 't make it a good one, I'm afraid. But the setting of thefilm, and the changes between locations were all good, and kept youinvolved - actually, in spite of the story, if you see wh at I mea n.AnnaMaybe you should do what I did then ...DavldWhich is... ?AnnaRead the book. I read it I suppose a year ago and loved it. That was theother thing that made me want to go. But the book is still the moreinteresting version. So, do try it, Maria.MartaOK, maybe I will.DavldI don 't know about the book, though I wondered about the DVD for mysister's birthday, which is coming up soon. But she doesn't like the smallscreen, so I'm going to buy her a couple of tickets instea d.MarlaShe should like tha t.AnnaYeah .DavldNow, what about seeing if...

Use of English

8 Romantic fan tasy.You fi nd t he information i n line 2.

2 The main actors are Nicolas Cage and Meg Ryan .You find the informatio n in lines 3 to S.

3 Escorting th e spi rits of th e dying to Heaven an d he lping theliving co pe with t he ir dai ly problems.You find this info rmation in lin es 7 to 9.

-t Set h fa lls in love with Maggfe .You find the in for mati on in lines 10 and 11.

5 He must choose between his immortality a nd becom ing hu man .You find the informa tion in lin es 11 to 13.

6 HI.' th inks the dialogues are simplistic.You find the informa tio n in lines 15 and 16.

7 Each close-up i .. very meaningful r'steeped in meanin g' ) and willevoke deep emotions in every sensitive viewer,You find out what the reviewer thinks about the photography inthe last four lines of the th ird paragraph.

8 To anyone who likes watching good and engrossing films.You find the information in lin es 23 and 2-1.

NOTE: Notice that the inform ation is given in the review in the sameorde r as the questions.

9 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI I

Actors 'play' their roles. We o n ly use 'perform' whe n talk ingabout a speciftc perfo rma nce in a theatre: 'Sir lan Mck etlen ofte nperforms on stage'.

2 EWhe n we use 'a long' befor e 'wi th, it means ' toget her wit h ' - itdoesn't refer to mo vem ent or space (like in 'w e walked along th eriver ').

3 (J

Wh en yOll mu st choose between two possibili ties, you can talkabout them using th e st ructure 'either (somethi ng) or (somethingelse )'. Th is is mo re emphatic than simply using 'o r' between th etwo things.

4 FWe oft en use 'what I like/liked about (so meth ing) is/was' to makea stronger sta tement about a pa rt icular aspect of o ur experiencethan just say ing ' I liked (something)'.

5 H'Although' in trod uces a contrast between so meth ing the reviewerdidn 't like, 't he d ialogu es' and some thing he liked a lot , 't heemot ions seen in th e actors' faces' .

6 CTil t, ph rase is used to in troduce ad di tional informati on thatfur ther suppor ts a sta tement.

7 DWe- need an adje-ctive before th e nou n, 'w hat kin d of' or 'w h ich''sce nes ',

8 AReferring back to 'good and engrossing films' in the previoussente nce.

Writing

Writing an email10 There's i! wonderfu l statue in City Park, which is on ly i! few minut es'

walk fro m where I live. It's absolutely fascinating. It 's tu: Geo rge Frtn.a loca l sculptor. It~ Hen ry Moore made it. I don 't know ve rymuch about it , except tha t it ~ pu t in the park when I was sti ll ina pushchair. These da ys, I love gQing/12..gQ th ere with my book, an dthe n I ill next to it and read and look up at it an d smile.

11 laid, o lder, th e oldest2 im portant , more im portant, th e most important3 frequentl y visited, more frequentl y visited , th e most freq uently

visited4 well known, bet ter kn own , the best kn ownS bea utifu l, more beau t iful, th e most beaut iful6 popul ar, mor e popul ar, th e most popular7 arch ttec turalty stgn tftcant, more architecturally significant , th e

most arc h itectu rally significant8 photographed, more ph otographed. the most photographed,9 writt en about, more written abou t, the most written about

12 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: You must answer the que stions that your penfriend asks you. Ifyou don't, you' ll lose marks.Remember the purpose your penfr iend has in asking these qu estions- to find out about the best loved work of art . If you don't writeabout this subject. you won' t be helping.Don't worry if you feel you don 't know very much . Your pen friendasks, 'How much do you know abo ut its history?' You can say thatyou don 't know much.You only have about 50 words. Don't write any less than 40 or morethan 60, and try hard to write between 45 and 55. (You can losepoints for writing too much!)Remember you also need to open and close your email to yourpenfr iend, so make sure you can fit everyth ing you want to say intoth is rather short space.

Writing an informal letter13 1 It was really good to hear fro m you.

Th is is a useful opening sentence for informal letters.2 I always en joy hearing you r news.

You can use th is structu re in other situations too - for exa mple. ' Ialways love going to th e beach.'

3 I'm glad we've ma naged to stay in to uch for so long.Notice the use of the Presen t Perfect ten se, and the expressio n to'stay in to uch (wit h someone)'.

4 Thank you very muc h for th e enclosed photos.You can also use th e structure in d ifferent ways - than kingsomeone for th e money they sent or the prese nt they enclosed.

S Sorry I didn 't reply sooner but I've bee n so busy,Th is is a usefu l way of apo logising for be ing late in writing.

14 I'd better stop and get back to my hom ewor k.Note th e st ruct ure 'had bett er' + verb': and th e ph rasal verb 'ge tback to ' , meaning ' return to' .

2 Please writ e aga in soon.Note th e correct position 'again' an d 'soo n'.

J I hope you can come and visit me one da y.Note th e position of 'one da y'.

4 Please give my regards to your parents.Th is is a polite way of sending a greet ing. Prom friend s to friends ,you might say, 'Please give (Adrian) my love.'

S Looking forward to seeing yo u lat er in the su mmer.Not e th e position of ' later in th e summe r'.

1S I f 2 a 3 e 4 b/clg S clglb 6 g/c/b 7 d4, S and 6 all re late to ' what yo u liked abo ut it'.

16 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: There are five thing s listed which you mu st include in thisinforma l review of a performance.You can write about them in any order you choose.Don't forget to include a suitable opening and closing for your letter.The last two po ints in the list give the oppo rtun ity to show someinteresting vocabulary and a good range of structu res.Try to include sentences like, 'Wha t I found really impressive aboutthe pe rformance was (the way tha t the musicians seemed to play asone)' or ' I have to say tha t I was a litt le disappointed by (the lack ofatmosphere at the co ncert)'.

Speaking

Situational role-play17 OK, we need to d iscuss these. Where shall we start?

We co uld say first the o nes we think we should definitely notchoose.Yes, th a t seems a good way to do it .Well, th en I'd say the tenn is and th e game!> aren't any good.Oh, why's that?They're not spec ial, I mean, th ey'r e not typical of our town, arethey?You mea n beca use you can play ten n is any whe re?Yes, I do, exact ly th at .And I agree with you,

NOTE: See the note after the Key to exercise ' 8.

18 Now, the first one which we sho u ld dcfln ltely orga n ise is theguided tour.Do you think they'll find it in teresting?Yes, because th ey'Jl learn abo ut our histor y.But the y cou ld learn about th at in th e mu seum.Well, they wouldn't be ab le to en joy fresh air a t the same tim e,would th ey?Or th e lovely rain .Don 't be pessimistic. Anyw ay, what else?They'll be hungry aft er all that walking, so the restaurant.Tha t' s good idea - with local specia lities.


6 need7 go

TIP: Notice how in both exercises 17 and 18 the sentences alwayshave something that refers back the sentence they are respondi ng to.First loo k through the lists, looking for these clues. When you'veco mpleted the task, read through the dialogue s aga in to check theymake sense.

19 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must talk abou t all the seven things that are listed in theexam task. You must also choo se three as the events to organise.It's important to get the balance right here . Youdon 't want to rushthrough everything, and fail to show that you can spea k in a complexway. On the othe r hand, you don 't want to discuss the first fewthings in too much detai l, and then run out of time.As a minimum , you need to think of one positive th ing and onenegative th ing to say about each item on the list.You should also react to wha t your partner says.

PictureMbased discussion20 I [think th e girl en joys being by lllliclf.

2 It looks like (4+ftH.) she's really interested in her book.3 She's sitti ng outside, and she's wear ing i! 'l-sh lrt. so it's probably

in th e sum mer.-I Thi s is probably a gro up o f friends, or colleagues perhaps, .lli!..tln&

a meal toge the r.5 Somebody just told a joke, I thin k, beca use th ey're all lau gh ing.6 I can't see exac tly what's on the ir plates, bu t it 's probabl y qu ite

t>m:.we use 't aste' to talk about food as well as more abst ract things. Apicture, or sto ry can be 'tasteful', or the way you dress - but th efood is usually 'tas ty '.

7 Persona lly, I find th e restauran t photo more~, becausethey're clea rly having fun .

21 1 depends -I gets2 like 5 cha ngej take

TIP: Make sure the words fit the ga ps logically as well asgrammatically.

22 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: There are really three stages to this task, and you must talkabout all three of them.Firstly, you need to describe the pictures. Try to see them in relationto each other, rather than as separate independent things .Secondly, you need to express your opinion about which one is moreappealing to you.Thirdly, you need to exp lain something about your own ways ofspe nding your free time.Use your imag inat ion. Speculate as much as you can: Why are thesepeo ple ther e? What were they do ing before? How long will this scenelast?Find appr opriate phrases for specu lating in the Speaking Bank onpage 128 .

Higher levelReading

112 I fSentence ( gives detail s abo ut h is family: ' his fath er' and 'h ismothe r' and what th ey did for a nvtng .

2 "First he was an apprentice, th en he ' became a professionalengraver hi mself'. The reflexive pron ou n 'h imse lf' o n ly makessense if 'engraver' is men tioned in the previous sentence.

3 •'The ins titution ' that sentence e refers to is th e Royal Academy.

• c'These skills' refers to reading an d writing ment ioned in -I.

S dThe phrase 'his \...orsent ng co nd itio n' refers to the illnessmentioned in 5.

6 b' It' can only refer to th e Brake Prize in 6, as we learn it is 'a wardedannually' .

3 READING EXAMI F

There is a con trast between how Hlakc 'is today rega rded ' and thefact that 'd ur ing his lifeti me he was largely ignored '.

2 11The sentence afte r the gap goes on to descr ibe how make's'visionary powe rs t ransformed' the city in his imagination.Gra mmatically, D m ight be possi ble, but it does n't lin k in withthe description that follows.

190 SMART A NSW ER KEY

3 ANone of the othe r phrases fit th e context. The sen tence co nt raststh e way 'modern psych iat ry would consider' hi s vision s with how'real' they were to Slake h imself.

• lJBlake 'often lived near to poverty' because his 'eccen tricrep utatio n ... did little to help to co mmercial success'.

S GThe sente nce compares how make's work was received in his tim et'be was often out of step with h is time') with how his abili ty wasrega rded t'few ... do ub ted his technical abili ty' ).

6 E'W hic h' refers back to the two books mention ed before th e gap.

Listening

4 do ingwe use all -ing form after 'en joy'.

2 [ustMeaning 'simply'.

:i o utThe two ph rasal verbs with oppos ite me anings arc 'st ay in ' and'go out'.

-I withCom pletes the phrase 'spend tim e with (somebody)'.

5 befo reCompletes the phrase 'a long t ime before'.

6 ofWe o ften use 'of' to say what kind of 'examples' we're talkingabout.

5 You r ow n ideas.

6 You r ow n ideas.

7 You r own ideas.

8 LISTENING EXAMI E

The speaker says that ' the re's always a good cho ice I'of spo rt'[ onTV, isn 't there? '

2 11The speaker says th at ' it's import ant to me to keep fit, ...0 [ a lwaysdo plent y o f runn ing . and ... tenn is or swim ming.'

3 rThis speaker says, 'most of the ti me " m completely tir ed ' and so ' Iend up stay ing in, be ing very lazy, may be just watc h ing a bit o fTV, a film on DVD, so met h ing like that.'

• AThe speaker says that, ' I just wait to sec wh at my friends suggest. Ijust want to be with them, do ing whatever.'

S lJThis spea ker says 'I ten d to be mo re act ive in th e winter, act ua lly.'

TIP: As well as understan drnq why the correct answer is the correctanswer in each case, you should also make sure you understa nd whythe incorrect answer s are inco rrect. Do this by reading carefullythrough the transcript of the recording below and co mparing theinformation to the statement s in the task.

'" 22 TRANSCRIPTSpeaker 1Weekends? They' re great. In fact, I spend all week waiting for theweekend. Having said that, once it's arrived , I don 't necesseruy doanything particularly special with it. I might see a friend or two, especiallyif there's some sport to watc h, then we can watch a mat ch together there 's always a good choice on TV, isn't the re?Speaker 2Well, I try to make the most of my wee kends, espec ially in the summer,when you've go t mo re chance to ge t outside. I know some people likeseeing films or concerts, but it's important to me to keep fit, so I alwaysdo plenty of running, an d, say, tennis or swimming. There are usuallysome friend s around to join in.Speaker 3The truth is, I really look forward to the weeken d, and then when it finallyarrives, most of the t ime I'm completely exhausted. So then when all myfriend s start calling up, 'where are we going tonight' and so on, I end upstaying in, being very lazy, maybe just watc hing a bit of TV; a film onDVD, som ething like that.Speaker 4School's OK, it really is. I don 't mind it at all. But the weekend s are ofcourse much bett er, aren 't they? You can do what you wan t. I never havean opinion about what we do. I'm not that into films or anything - I justwait to see what my friends suggest. I just want to be with them, do ingwhatever.

1B SPEAKING EXAM

13 WRITING EXAM (OPTION 1): A BOOK REVIEW

1S WRITING EXAM (OPTION 2): A LITERARY ESSAY

Reading

8 c

7 B

7 a

Picture-based discussion16 Your ow n ideas.

17 C 2 A 3 j: 4 G 5 E 6 D

1 The co rrect ending is a.

2 1 natu re reserves2 resorts3 tour ope rat or4 tour guides5 o ff-t he -beaten -track holiday6 domesti c tourism7 beach ho liday (o r, possib ly, sun-and-se a tourism)8 cru ises

11 Travel

TIP: You must ta lk about the three que stions that the exam taskincludes.Remember that the re aren' t really right and wrong answers here. Ifyou do n't understand the stati stics in the graphs and say things thatare factua lly wrong, the examiner won't mind. The exam is alanguage exam.It's probably a good approac h to treat the graph s as if they werepictures. Describe what you can see as you look at them - don 't sitfor a long time in silence, trying to understand all the numbersbefore you start speaking . The examin er cannot give yo u marks forbeing silent.Notice that the three qu estion s are all about your opinions - theanswers to these ques tion s aren't to be found in the numbers, but inyour ideas .You can also be open about wha t you don't know. For example, youcan say, 'I have to say that I've never really thought about exactlyhow much time I spend on things like this before. So I don't know if Ispend this average am oun t of 30% of my free time sleeping . But tobe honest, I'm sure I go out mor e th an 10% of the time .'

TIP : Make sure the sentence halves ma tch logically as well asgrammatica lly.

Speaking

TIP: These are all key wo rds for a literary essay, so it's worth learni ngthem.

TIPS: Decide on a book that you know and remember welt becauseyou have to recall quite a lot of key detail s accurately.Plan your writing first. Make brief notes on each of the points in theinstruct ions. Choose one or two of the most important thing s loreach point that you would like to focus on.Expand your notes into paragraphs. Don 't forge t to make it clea r inthe opening sentence of a parag raph what you' re go ing to discuss.When you 're moving on a new idea, start a new paragraph - don'ttry to make too many po ints at t he same time .After you have finished, check that you have w ritte n between 200and 250 words . Check that you have discussed all five of the point sfrom the instructions . Check for any spelling or grammar mistakes,too.

TIPS: You must follow the instructions in the exam task. If you don 't,you will lose marks.Be careful tha t you don 't spend too much of the review on thesecond point, the ' brief outline'. You shou ld say enough for thereader of your review to get some idea of the content, but don't tryto re-tell the story.The third and fourth points are opportunities for you to show someof the comple x English you know, in terms of vocabulary andgrammar.It's very important that you give reasons, and give them clearly.The final point could be a certain kind of person , or peopl e with acertain interest, or it migh t be people on holiday, for example, w hohave lots of time to enjoy readi ng a long book .

Writing a literary essay14 I b 2 g 3 d 4 h 5 f 6 e

Speaker 5I' m studying so hard a t the moment for my exams that I can't go wild atthe weekends. But I like hangi ng aro und the park with my friendssometimes, or maybe going for a bike ride by myself. It de pends. I tendto be more act ive in the winter, act ually - going to the gym, or helpingmy dad with stuff in the house .

NO TE: Some of the information appears in both exerc ise 9 and thetravel guide extrac t, some only appear in one of these.

Writing

9 I bWe' re tal king ab out a person, so we need 'who' to introduce th enon-defining re lative clause.

2 a' Free of charge' means there is no adm issio n fee, you don't haveto pay to go in th e Museum.

3 cWe need Past Perfect to say w hat ha d h appened before anothereve n t in the past: 'w he n he decided 10 sell th em '.

4 ,Comple tes th e st ruc ture ' make (someth ing)' + adj ect ive.

S "We normally use 'fo r' a fter 'reason'.

10 Possible answers:1 A large colle ct ion of Greek scu lptu res.2 In th e Duveen Gallery, in th e Briti sh Museum.J From th e Parth en on in Athens. (A few pieces come from other

temples on th e Acropo lis.)4 They were made be tween 447 an d 432 BC.5 l.ord Elgin, t he Briti sh Ambassado r to Greece.6 The Gree ks.

OPTIONS

Writing a book review12 I set

2 price3 twist4 descripti onS interruption

III this unit. rOll ClIII choose to write Cl book re\'iew or a literary essay. Readthrough tile two exam ta sks 011 pages 104 and 105, and decide which 0111' youwould like to COlleel/trate 01 1.

Use of English

11 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI with

Completes the phrase ' be fam iliar with (some th ing)' mea ning' know (so me th ing) well'.

2 oneTh ere are other key ex h ibits in th e Museum, and th e ElginMarb les are one of th ese.

3 onThe ph rase 'o n show' mean s 't hat ar e shown/ that can be seen' .

4 come/o riginat eTh e se nte nce tells us about th e origins o f th e Marbl es, using'co me from '. 'O rigina te from ' is mo re formal.

5 reason' For th at reason ' me ans 'b eca use o f that '.

6 10We normall y use 'to' after ' refe r'.

7 beCo mp letes the ph rase ' cons idered to be' .

S whenThe sente nce talks abo u t the t im e th e Marbles were made.

9 beenCo mp letes th e Past Perfect pa ssive sen tence.

10 co nsistsCo mpletes th e phrase 'co nsist of' . We need a third person singularform after ' the coll ecti on' .


TIP: Compare the statements with the information gathered inexercise 2.

TIP: Think about what different ways you can use to express thesame ideas.

Listening

6 1 Two women. They are friends . One of them is called I'aula.2 l'aula 's holiday in France.

TIP: It's easier to understand the information in a recordinq if youknow what to expect. so it's always a good idea to read through theinstructions and the task quickly before the recordinq starts.

5 Possible answers:1 They realised that tourism might be a way out of poverty2 They were trying to look like the Mediterranean.3 'rounsts are trying more authentic experiences, and adventure

travel, ecotourtsm. cultural tours, spa holidays, cruises and sportsvacations are beco ming po pular.

4 A global recession and the terrorist att acks of 9/11.S A rise in globa l wealth, improving tra nsport technology, cheaper

nigh ts and the use o f th e Intern et as a travel tool.(j People will ta ke shorter, hut more varied t rips ins tead of a two

wee k beac h holida y. weste rn tou rists wi ll choose mor t' exot ic,ind ivid ualised experiences.

PaulaHi Meg!Me.Pauta! It's great to see you! You look fantastic!PaulaOh, do I? That's strange. I should be looking awful.Me.Why? Have you been ill?PaulaNo. not that. It's just that trip to Paris. It was a nightmare!Me.Really?You must be joking! Don't tell me you didn't have a good time.When you told me you were going I was green with envy.PaulaNo wond er, I was so excited I just couldn't wait to go. Now I wish we'dgo ne to the Lake District or even just stayed at home.Me.But what was so bad about it?PaulaWell, in the beginn ing everything looked all right. Mark's boss gave himtwo weeks off witho ut too much trouble, the children went to stay withMark's mo ther, and Sheila - you know, my younger sister - promised tocome over to our place to feed the hamster. So we packed our suitcasesand set off.MegSounds all right so far.PaulaYes, but in Dover it turned out that the ferry terminal workers had goneon strike, and we had to wait over eight hours before we could board aferry.MegOh no!PaulaAnd that was just the beg inning. During the passage the weather turnedstormy, and I was terribly sea-sick all the way across the Cha nnel.Me.Oh, poor you!PaulaYeah, it was horrid. Then, when we arrived in Calais, it was so late that wehad to look for somewhere to spend the night.MegOh dea r!PaulaYes, but that's not all! On the way to Paris the next day we had apuncture, so Mark had to change the tyre, the hotel where we'd bookeda room turned out to be terribly noisy, it was pouring with rain most 01the time, and some of the galleries I wanted to visit were closed .MegOh no! So what did you do. then?PaulaWell, I ended up shopping for clothes. That's about the only thing I can' tcompl ain about, but, obviously, it wasn't cheap, so Mark go t furious.MegNo surprise there!PaulaHmmm, so in the end, we decided to shorten our stay and left after justten days. Youcan imagine our return trip - I was unhappy, Mark was madat me because of the mo ney, and, when we got home, the flat wasflooded.MegFlooded?PaulaYes, we couldn't believe it! When we were away, Sheila let the hamster outof the cage for a while, and the horrid creature bit through the fridgecable. Of course, she didn't even notice, but when we got back, there waswater all over the kitchen floor and all the food in the fridge had gone off.Me.What a nightmare!

9 I t\ guest and a receptionist. I\ t a hotel.2 His roo m is noisy and he coul dn't sleep.3 tt's on the top floor, and it's sma ll.4 11\ cheaper.S A co mplimen ta ry mea l in their resta urant.

TIP: Notice that the order of the ques tions follows the order ofinformation in the dialogue.

~ 23 TRANSCRIPT

Use of English

If FG T

6 Different .7 Same.

F TE F() F

4 Different.S Different.

8 LISTENING EXAMI c

We hear ' It's great to Sl'C you!' When Meg asks l'aula: 'Have youbeen ill?', she rep lies 'No'. Befo re th is Meg also says : 'You lookfan tastic!' - so bot h other answers are wron g.

2 aWc hear 'I was so excited, I just cou ld n't wait to go'.

3 bWe hear 'Sheila . .. promised to come over to our place to feed thehamster'.

• bwe hear ' the weather turned stormy, and I was terribly seasick allthe way across the Channel '.

S cWe hear ' Jended up shopping for clothes. That's about the onlything I can 't complain ahout'.

6 cWe hear 'we decided to shorten our stay and left afte r just tendays '. when l'aula mentions that their Flat was flooded. she refersto the fridge that had broken down, not 'a flood'. When we say 'aflood', we usually mean a natura l disaster, a river flood.

TIP: Read th rough the transcript below carefully to see why theincorrect answers are wrong. All of the things mentio ned in theseanswers are in the recording, but what you hear usually contradictsthe statements about them.

3 t'osstble answer'):A 'Back in the 19S0s and early 1990s .. Africans ... bui lt big concrete

hotels on the beaches of . .. overcrowded reso rts that that weretrying to look like the xtenterranean.'

B 'Tour ists ... expecting to enjoy the comforts of home ... packedinto overcrowded resorts.'

C 'Today's tourists are leaving the European-style hotels for moreauthentic experiences ... offered by ... the Xhosa themselves,through a small, locally run firm called Amadiba Adventures.'

D "I h e money they earn will provide Xhosa tour guides with anincome two and a half times the average local wage.'

E 'Despite difficulties, internationa l and domestic tourism isexpected to grow fast over the next t\VO decades.'

F •.. . the number of Asian, and par ticularly Chinese, tourists ispred icted to ex plode .'

G •... su n-a nd -sea tourism still dominates.'If 'Ame ricans and Euro pea ns are now taking shorter hut more varied

tri ps, causi ng ti ll' rapid develo pment of adven ture travel,ccoto u ns rn, cultu ral tours, spa ho lidays, cruises an d spo rtsvacations in ever more distant places: Ch ina, the Matdtves.Botswana ... l.ocal govern me nts an d firms are t rying hard tosat isfy this new demand.'

4 READING EXAMAF BT C F

7 I Same.2 Same.3 Different.

192 SMART AN SW ER KEY

Speaking

Writing

TIPS: You must presen t a series of dea r and logical argum ent s inorder to answe r th is exam task.There isn't a right or wrong answer. But there are satisfactory andunsatisfactory ways of presenting your ideas for this kind of examtask.You need to show awareness of both sides of the question, and thenyou need to come to your conc lustonts).You need to provide examples of what you criticise or propose.Althoug h the exam task doesn't specify it as a requirement , it wouldbe a very goo d idea here to conside r the past and the future as wellas the present situation.The exam task mentions cars, public transport, cycling and walking. Ifyou miss out any of these, you will lose marks.Youalso need to conside r carefullywhat is meant by 'encouraged'.

Writing an argumentative essay11 Your own ideas .

12 Your own ideas.

13 Man y peop le prefer to drive to work, desp ite th e fact tha t th eyoften spend a lon g lim e sitting in t raffic jams

2 People spen d large sums of mon ey o n cars in orde r to have statusand privacy.

3 Green act ivists don 't understand that many peo ple don 't believehow bad the env ironmen ta l situat ion is.

4 Public trans por t is slow and uncomfortable, with the result thatpeople often prefer to use their cars.

S Unless the govern ment takes action , the transport situa tion willget worse.

17 Your own ideas.

18 B 2 A 3 C 4 F .s D 6 E

TIP: Make sure the sente nce halves match logicallyas well asgramma tically.

19 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must follow the exam task requirements here and discusseverything that is specified - in othe r words, you need to talktogether about each holiday in the list, and discuss the issues.Everything you need to talk about is either provided - theadvertisemen ts - or should come from your imagination - your ideasand op inions.A good approach is probably to work with your partner in a way thatwill gene rate as much conversation as possible.For examp le, take the first holiday in the list. You could ope n thegame by saying something like, 'I'm not sure that this one wouldappeal to me. My idea of a good holiday is relaxing, doing as little aspossible. But this one just sounds like a lot of hard work. Don't youagree?' This should mea n that your partner can react, perhaps bysaying, 'Oh, but would n't you like to be a litt le adventurous? Youhave all your life to spend sitting around being lazy, but on thisholiday you could have exper iences that are different? Wouldn't thatbe great?'

1 t B 2 F 3 D 4E SA 6C

2 READING EXAM1 c

We read abo ut And rew's '7,OOO-m ile walk from the sout h of Italy'in the first paragraph , an d in the next paragraph he men tionstha t '1m igh t never have left that pleasant Mediterranean beach',his sta rting point .

2 awe read 'The wildlife kept me on my toes' . Th e phrase 'kee psomeone on thei r toes ' means 'make sure that they are ready todeal with anyt hing unexpected', in other word s that they are'alert and ready'.

3 cWe read ' the temperatures reached the mid- th irties , and there waslittle water'. Late r he also ment ions th at he was ' in great need of ashower'.

4 cYou find the correct answer to th is question by finding theinfor mation abo ut the other three answ ers that cont rad icts eacho f them: 'Mosqu itoes and barking dogs kept me awa ke at nigh t','t he temp eratures reached the mid-t hirties .. . I finished each daybat hed in sweat', ' I was footsore and exhausted' .

Picture·based discussion20 1 Right. B

2 Wrong. AIt's a newspaper, not a magazine.

3 Right. B4 Right. A5 Wrong. B

Both cyclists are look ing ahead.6 High t. A7 Wrong. C

There is a traffic jam on the near side of the road , the cars aretravelling freely on the other side.

S Wrong . BThe person in the dark jacket is cycling outside the lane, markedby the yellow line and the symbol.

21 Your ow n ideas.

22 Your ow n ideas.

23 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must consider the issues that the exam task requires of youhere.You should probably spend the first couple of minutes describing thepictures from the point of view of the two questions ..Talk abo ut what you see and how you feel about it.There are no right or wrong answers.After you have talked abo ut the pictures here, you need to moveyour discussion on to forms of transport which aren't pictured here,so make sure you talk about several, and think of good and badthings abou t them.

Higher levelReading

4 the 5 th e9 a 10 a

2 the 3 a7 - S the

14 I the6 a

1S WRITING EXAM

10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 longer

'Any lon ger ' mean s 'any more'.2 noi sier

Wt.' need a com parative form here before 't han'.3 the wors t

We need a supe rlative form here. We often use th e supe rlativewith phrases like ' in/of my (en t ire/who le) life' , or 'i n/of thewho le/ent ire wor ld'.

4 quieter/qu ietThe co mparat ive form is better because it lin ks th e qu estion backto the co mp laint that co mes before it. But 'qu iet' is not wro ng,either.

5 mo re di fficultWe a need a comparative form here before 'tha n' .

6 practicallyWe need an adverb here to say that there 'a lmost no' roo ms left .

7 smallerWe need a compa rative here to co ntrast the new roo m with theo ld one . The compa rison contin ues in th e seco nd part of thesentence.

8 as comfortableCo mpletes the st ructu re 'as ' + ad ject ive + 'as (someth ing)', whichwe use for comparing th ings.

9 betterWe norma lly use a com para tive before 't ha n'.

10 signi ficantlyWe need an adverb to say 'how much ' lower the pr ice will be.

11 Certai n lyThis is a po lite way of saying yes, and has the same mean ing as'Of course ' .

Situational role-play16 1 ,",Vha t's !.lll: last holiday you had?

'The' is needed to specify or define which holiday. Holiday is acountab le noun, so in the singular it will always need a n art icle o fsome sort.

2 Had you been *' there before?'To' isn't necessary - you wouldn 't say, 'How do I go to th ere?'

3 is co rrect.4 What preparat ions did you make before kill'.ing/~?

The -il/X form always follows 'be fore', 'af te r', 'when ', etc.Alterna tive ly, we need a subject and th e cor rect verb for m.

5 Wh ere are you goi ng fo r yom next holiday?'Nex t' as an adjective descr tbes the holiday in terms of time, andth e possessive adject ive 'you r' must goes before th e two wordstogeth er.


Listening Use of English

'" 24 TRANSCRIPT

NOTE: Notice that the task here is the opposite of exe rcise 3! Youneed to find expressions that mean the oppos ite.

5 LISTENING EXAMPossibl e answers:1 go ing to Spain/go ing on holiday2 sucked out/d raw n out:\ lost cousctousncss/s ufte red several injur ies-4 able to fly/a pilot5 (yet) been publt shcd/t yet) been released

NOTE: As long as your answe rs are no longer than the 3 wordsspecified in the instru ctions and true, the answers are correct.

Radio presenterThe pilot who spent nearly twenty min utes clinging to the outside of hisaircraft at 23,000 ft has returned to flying . Hugh Owen reports fromBirmingham Airport.Hugh OwenOn 13 June Captain Timothy Lancaster took off from Birmingham witheighty passengers aboard. Most of the passengers were going to Spain onholiday. The window of the jet just in front of the capta in's seat had beenfitted at Birmingham Airport the day before . As the jet gained height,pre ssure in the cabin gradually increased, an d at 23,000 ft the windscreensudden ly blew out. The captain, who was still strapped into his seat witha lap belt, was sucked forward and almos t disappeared through the ho lewhere the window had bee n. There was a loud noise as air escaped fromthe cabin, taking pap ers, trays and loose objects with it.The flight crew, like all British Airways pilots. had been instructed inreacting to an explosive decompression . Mr AlistairAitchison, the co-pilot,immediately took control and headed for the nearest airfield to make anemergency landing.For nearly twenty minu tes Captain Lancaster was half in and half out ofthe cockp it. His cabin crew held onto him desperate ly to preve nt himfrom falling off the plane. He lost consciousness and suffered frostbite anda broken arm, wrist and thumb , but miraculously he survived. He wastransported to hospita l immediately. His condition was serious. However,he was soon well enough to have visitors, includ ing the cabin crew.Today, only six mon th s later, Captain Lancaster has made his firstoperational flight since the accident, and he's here with me now.Tim, did you ever worry about getting bac k into the pilot's seat?Captain LancasterProbably in hospital when I was lying in bed, not te rribly well, it did crossmy mind that I might not get back to flying. But I improved slowlythroughout the summer, and here I am .Hugh OwenAnd what did you feel when you were up there today?Captain LancasterFine. It was busy. So, you know, I was just thinking about the flying side ofit. I didn 't have time for oth er thoughts.Hugh OwenYou didn 't think about the accident ?Captain LancasterI've compensated for the accident by basically forgetting about it. It cameback to me when I met members of the crew afterwards, but over thesummer, my brain has just blanked it out.Hugh OwenSo if I were to ask you to describe it to me now, you could n't.Captain LancasterWell, I was uncons cious throughout most of it an}"/'lay, so .Hugh OwenThe plane involved in the accide nt was a 10-year-old BAC 1-11 jet,regarded by pilots as one of the safest in the world . It's thought that theaccident was caused by the wrong-sized bolts being used to fit thewindscreen during a routine service of the aircraft. The results of a fullinvestiga tion have not yet bee n publ ished .

6 talk (someone ) intoYou find the phrasal verb in th e first line of the second paragraph.

2 run downYou find th is in line 6 of th e second paragraph .

3 pull upYou find th is in line 10 of th e seco nd paragraph.

4 h an d outYou find thi s in lin e 12 of th e second paragraph .

S fill upYo u fin d thi s in line 17 of th e second paragraph .

6 get onYo u find thi s in lin e 4 of th e third para graph .

7 USE OF ENGLISH EXAM1 0

'Kn ock down' means ' hit (so that yo u fall)' .2 A

'Set off' mea ns ' leave' .3 1

Completes th e phrase ' leave th e ligh ts on', mean ing 'forget toswit ch off th e ligh ts' .

4 Il'Spee d up ' mean s 'accelera te' or 'dr ive faster' .

5 C'Catch up with (someone)' means 'reach someone who is ahe adby going faster' .

6 HWe 'ge t into' th e car when we start driving , and we 'get out of 'th e car wh en we arrive.

7 EThis mean s ' we soon discovered that we had run out of petrol'.

8 I:

Completes th e ph rase 'r u n out of ', which we use to refer to fuel(petrol or gas, for example) .

TIPS: You must follow the specific requirements of this exam task.The magazin e wants you to answ er five questi ons. All five questionsare complex - none of them can be answered with a simple list.You also need to provide an introduction and a con clusion (have youever read an article that didn 't have these?).You need to prepare your ideas very carefully and make sure that youhave enough - and not too much - to say for each of the fivequestions.Everything in your article is, basically, your opinion. This means tha tyou must make your reasons for what you say ve ry clear.In term s of the language structures you should use in your art icle,think about the meaning of what you are talking about.The first question is a description of th e current situation, and wiltprobably involve Present Simple and Present Continuous.The seco nd qu estion is about the causes, and so you may also needto include the Present Perfect here .For all the questions, you will probabl y find that the passive voice willbe relevant.The other questions require you to speculate, and you should use:modal verbs, such as 'might', 'could', and so on ; conditionalstructures - ' if we don't deal with these prob lems, . ..' _recommendations - ' I really believe that .. .' and so on .Read through what you have written, and chec k that yo u havepresented a clear line of argument.

Writing

Writing a student magazine article8 Your own ideas.

9 1 Wha t predi ct ion s would yo u make for th e future?2 What are th e ma in problem s we 're facin g today?3 How like ly do you th ink it is that these solutio ns will be applied?4 What are th e causes?S What are th e possible solutions?

10 curren tly = at presentdepressed = (too) pes sim ist ickey problem s = main issuest ime ahead =yea rs to comeraise = increasedecrease = reduceused = put in to effectface facts = be realisticmethod = waybeg inning = origin

11 WRITING EXAM

5 c

5 a

4 e

4 b3 "3 c

2 b

2 c

d

d

3

4


Speaking

statistics-based discussion12 1 Most holidays are booked at travel agents' offices.

2 The In tern et is used to book a large number of holida ys.3 A lot of short break holidays are taken by peop le with demanding

jobs.4 Honeymoo ns are often take n abroad.

14 SPEAKING EXAMTIP: The task tells you what the informa t ion you are given is about. Itasks you to talk about it, and it gives you a central ques tion to dealwith in what you say.This is not a test about how much you know abo ut tour ism, or beinga travel agent, or about statistics, ete. It is a test of your knowle dge ofEnglish.If you are doing this exam task well, you w ill be saying t hings like,'The information we're given here shows that thirty per cent ofholidays are booked by people who visit a travel agent's office. Thiscontinues to be the most popular way to book a holiday, althoughusing the phone or Inte rnet.. .'The task requ ires you to talk about what you imagine might happ enin the future. You can say things like, ' I have, of cou rse, no real ideaabout what's goi ng to happen in the future. I think it's poss ible thatpeople will decide that the best kind of holiday, after a ll, is to stay athome, and relax by no t working, not being in an airport, and so on.Many people in the world can't afford a holiday away, while a fewpeople cont inue to fly to mo re and more distant places for a week'sbreak. I think we are at a tu rning point in history, and it's hard toknow what's going to happen.'

Debate15 I income, econom ic

The first word compl etes the phrase 'sou rce o f income'. Thisestablishes the business co ntext fo r us to work out what kind ofopportunities the sentence mig ht be referri ng to.

2 Wealt hy, drive upWe need an adjective that can describe peo ple, in contrast to'poorer cou ntries'. The second ex pression completes the ph rase'd rive up prices ' mean 'cause the pr ices to rise'.

3 do minance, cha racter'Popularity' wou ld also be poss ible to the first gap, bu t theins tructions remind you to use eac h wo rd only once, and you'llneed ' popula rity' for S. The second word completes the phrase'local character' .

-I awareness, localTh e first word completes the ph rase 'ra ise awareness (about)',meaning 'focus (somebody's) attent ion (o n)'. We then need anad jective to describe 'cu ltures'.

S popularity, hig h-r iseWe need to think about the logic of what we're saying to decidethat ' popu la rity ' and not 'domi nance' is the word we need here.The adject ive 'high-rise', meaning ' many storeys high ', is th e onlyon e in the list that we use to describe bu ildings.

16 Possible answers:Adva n tages: I, 3Disadvantages: 2, 4, 5

NOTE: You might have different views. You might consider, forexample, the construction of high- rise hotels where a lot of peoplecan spe nd thei r holidays a good thing .

TIP : Make sure the sentence halves match logically as we ll asgrammatically.

3/4 READING EXAMI f "

We read 'If yOll had to consider the impact of cars on your town .first of all you would probably th ink of traffic jams and.po llu tio n'.

2 a DWe read 'We all enjoy the facilitie s ... enterta in ment complexesbring - because we can use our cars to get to th em '.

3 c DWe read 'we are saddened by the loss of our local groceries ... andneighbourhood com munity centres ... these changes go hand inhand '.

4 d Aweread ' We can go wherever we want to go , whenever we wa ntto go '.

S g EWe read ' Parking spaces are huge areas of land' that ' used to be agrassy meadow' .

6 b CWc read 'roads keep getting widened to accommodate th eincreasing volume o f t raffic '.

NOTE: Remember to complete both parts of this task. Notice that ,unlike in most other Reading tasks, here the sentences don't followthe orde r of informat ion in the text - it's your task to find where thisinformation is.

1 Your own ideas.

2 a compromiseYou find this in paragraph A.

b the rush ho urYou find this in paragraph B.

c encroach upon (or expand, or invade)You find this (these) in paragraph C.

d facilitiesYou find this in paragraph D.

e hand in ha ndYOLl find this in par agraph D.fringeYou fin d this in par agraph E.

TIP: Read through the text quickly to check that you understand thekey vocabulary. If there are any unfamil iar words, t ry to wo rk outtheir meaning from the context. However, you don't need tounderstand every word in a text to be able to complete the examtask!

5 Yo ur own answers.

6 Possible answers:1 Who ha d a lot of bro thers and sisters?2 Who was give n an awa rd by a king?3 Who was born in a family that hadn't been interested in science?4 Who gai ned more recognition outside the ir own homeland?5 Who focused on a particu lar scientific area?6 Who wanted to choose a different profession'!7 Who ta ught in a school?8 Whose home can tourists visit?

Listening

12 Science andtechnologyReading

6 C5 D4 F3 H2 AE13

17 SPEAKING EXAMTIP: You need to consider the issue from the point of view of thelocal communities. The answer is, as with most complex issues, that ithas bo th advantages and disadvantages - and you can say th is in theexam. You can then go on to desc ribe eac h of the m, and dependingon how convincing the arguments you use are, you might be able todecide (but remember that yo u don't have to decide) if either pointof view outweighs the other.Your success in this task doesn't depend on whet her or not you'vepersuaded your partner or if they've persuaded you - but on howhow well you communicated wha t you th ink, and how we ll youresponded to what your partner thinks.

TIP: There are a lot of ways of rephrasing these questions, so theabove are just one of the many possibilities.


7 LISTENING EXAM1 B

We hear ' Marta was the third child o f a fam ily with ten ch ildren'.2 C

We hear 't he King o f Spain gave him an order after a silk bulletproof vest inve nted by the 'Polish Edtso n' saved his life',

3 CWe hear 'he wa.. born in a poor u neducated family',

• CTh e reco rding me ntion'> h is pa tents in Germany and Engla nd, thearticles that Mar k Twain, the Amer ican aut hor wro te aboutSzczepa n tk's achieveme nts. and the medal he received from theKing o f Spa in.

S BThe o nly scie nce mentioned in the recording abo ut Mari aMitchell is astro no my.

6 AWe hear 'As a teenager, Bell wanted to beco me an actor or asailor',

7 AWe hea r 'h e tau gh t deaf people '.

B Ilwe hear 'T he house whe re she was born was turned in to amuseum' ,

.,2S TRANSCRIPT

Alexander Graham Bell - as a you ng boy, the telep hone invento rAlexander Graham Bell liked mathematics, and science, but he was easilybored at schoo l. He was much more interested in expe rimenting andd iscovering things on his own. One of his first inventions was a simplemachine imitat ing the huma n voice. Alexander built it with his brotherMelvillewhen they were still children.As a teenager, Bell wanted to become an actor or a sailor. Instead , heworked, like his father , as a speech therapist, and taught deaf people.Bell's studies of the human ear and voice vibrations, and years ofexperiments resulted in 1876 in the first telephone conversation betweenBell and his assistant Tomas Watson.Alexander Bell's lifelong interest in nature and science also led to a variety0 1 other invent ion ideas, including experiments with flight and desig ningae roplanes.Marta Mitchell - Maria Mitchell was one of the most famous Americanscientists of the 19th century. Born in 1818, in Massachusett s, Maria wasthe third child of a family with ten children. Her father was a dedi catedastro nomer and teacher, and he encouraged Mane's scientific inte rests.In 184 7, when she was looking at the sky through a telescope from theroof of her parents' house, she discovered a new comet. A year later shebecame the first woman admi tted to the American Academy of Arts andSciences, and the first female professor of astronomy in the USA.After her death , the Maria Mitchell Astronom ical Society was created astribute to her mem ory. The house where she was born was turned into amuseum.[an Szczepanlk - The re was an invento r who is sometimes called the'Polish Edison'. His na me was [an Szczepanik, and he was born in a pooruned ucated family in a small village in the south of Poland.During the 54 years 0 1 his life, Szczepanik got a few hundred paten ts andmade over fifty inventions, man y of which are still used today, especiallyin colour photography, film produ ction and television. He also worked ona moving wing aircraft, an airship and a subma rine.Szczepanik patented his inventions in Germany and England. TheAmerican novelist Mark Twain wrote two articles about his achieveme nts,and the King of Spain gave him an order afte r a silk bullet-proof vestinvented by the 'Polish Edison' saved his life.


Use of English

8 Possible answers:1 No, he doesn 't. It's dangerous and not very useful.2 He thinks the costs are too high .3 NASA (N at ional Aerona utics and Space Ad mt ntst rauonj.-I They shou ld forget th e manned prog ramme and look for other

mission s.

9 Possible answ ers:poi nt (noun): po intless (adject ive), pointer (nou n), point lessly(adve rb)expense (noun): expensive (adject ive), inexpensive (adject ive),expe nsively (adve rb), inexpen sively (adve rb), expen d (verb)scie nce (noun): scientific (adjective), un scien t ific (ad jective),scien t ifically (adverb), uus ctcnttttcau y (adve rb), scientist (no un)maintai n (verb ): main tenance (noun), maintainable (adj ecti ve},unma intainab le (adjective), rnaintatnably (adverb), unmaintainably(adverb]fl y (verb): flying (adjectiv e), flight (no un ), fligh tless (ad jecti ve)astronom y (no un) : astronomer (nou n ), astro nom ical (adtec t tvc).ast ronomically (adverb)di ffic u lt (adjecti ve): dif ficul ty (no un)effect (nou n): effect (verb), effective (ad ject ive), ineffect ive(ad jective), effect ively (adve rb), ineffect ively (adve rb)

10 USE OF ENGLISH EXAMI pointless

We need an ad jective he re to describe what 'people think' ,2 expe ns ive

This also needs to be an adjective because it follows 'very'. Thewriter is putting forwa rd arguments agains t space travel, and'expensi ve' fits the co n text.

3 scien ti ficallyTh e adverb desc ribes 'in wha t way' space tra vel ts not useful.

4 maintenanceWe need a noun to follow th e definite article ' the' and before th eprcp osttton 'o f',

5 fligh tsThis must be a noun because it fo llows an adjective . Th e context(' matn tatnt ng th e shutt les') helps us to decide that we need aplura l form.

6 ast ronomi calWe need an ad ject ive he re to describe wh at the costs ofmaintaining th e sh uttles are like.

7 difficu lt iesThe noun is the object of the verb 'faces' an d follows twoadjectives. We normally use the plu ral form in these type ofsta teme n ts about problems in genera l.

8 effect iveWe need an adjective to complete the co m parati ve form. It needsto be pos itive to co nt rast with the manned space flights (wh ichthe writer co nsiders to be point less).

Writing

Writing a student magazine article11 Your ow n ideas.

12 sayWe use 'say' without an indi rect ob ject (They say', not .,~

,*"", ' ).

2 witho utThis is th e only word that fits the con tex t logicall y.

3 tellwe use ' te ll' with an ind irect object t' They te ll me (that .-r,no t

· ·~I"""...),.-I there

Used to avo id repea tin g 'in these buildings' o r 'in the librar ies'.5 this

Completes the ph rase 'This all sounds (wry) stra nge!'6 full

Completes th e phrase ' turn full circle', mea n ing ' retu rn to thesituatio n wh ere it started'.

7 againMeaningfully co mpletes the ex plana t ion o f how things \-.'1II 'turnfull circle'.

R were'Were' is often used after 'as if',

13 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: The exam task includes three questions and you must discussall of them. If you miss any out, you w ill lose marks.When you are preparing your ideas, think carefullyabout the functionof what you need to write.In the first section, you need to describe the current situation. Youshould provide facts.In the second sect ion, you need to evaluate the situation . You shou ldoffer opinions.In the third section, you need to predict, to spec ulate abou t thefut ure situation. You should make suggestions.You need to use a range of langu age structures to communicate allthese ideas.You have about 200 words, so make sure you plan how much youwant to write in each section.

Speaking

20 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must talk about the areas that the exa m task requires.The re are three stages to your task.Firstly, you should talk abou t wha t you can see in the pictures, andwhat these images represent. You should compare things: forexample, they are both about communication, and co ntrast them: forexample , spoken and written com munication.Secondly, you should relate these pictures and activities to your ownlife: Which do you use more often? For what purposes? What do youlike and dislike ab out eac h?Thirdly,you should explain your ideas abo ut the future of technology.Throug hou t this task, there are no right or wrong answers, and theway you talk should reflect this.Use phrases and expressions such as ' It's hard to say, but perhaps.'I'm not really an expert, and so I can only g uess that . ,;', 'My ownfeeling about this is.. .', and so on. You can find useful phrases forspeculating and giving you r op inion in the Speaking Bank on page128.

TIP: Make sure the missing words fit the gap s logically as well asgrammatica lly.

19 HThe phrase is 'e ither of these (th ings)' .

2 EThe phrase is 'say (somet hing) abou t (so met hi ng)'.

3 APresen t Perfect verb form.

4 CThe verb ' be' is the first par t of th e Presen t Conti nuous verb formafter the modal verb 'migh t' - used for speculatin g abou t theimage.

S D'The o nes' refers back to the 'letters' .

17 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: The exam task specifies fou r issues for d iscussion very clearly.You must make sure you talk abou t all of them .Your discussion has two levels - you need to discuss what the topic isin each case and you need to discuss how you will deal with thetopic in your presenta tion .You do n't have to follow the order in the task.Some of the topics - 'in the home' and 'education' - may be close toyour own exper ience, while others - 'workplace' and 't he future' may no t.Show that you have language you can use for every situat ion. Forexample, you could say, 'Well, neither of us has direct expe rience ofthe workptace, because we're still studying at schoo l. But Iunderstand from talking to my father that robo ts have completelycha nged the way cars are ma nufactured in factories. It means thatfewer people are employed on the prod uction line, and so.. .'

Situational role-play14 Your own idea s.

15 Your own ideas.

16 Now, what do you think we should star t off wit h?Why don't we begin here? I mea n, wit h the qu esti on ofed ucation.Yes, why not ? We all have tha t in co mmon . How shall we do it?Could we ask your mot he r how to do it? She is a science teacher,after all.She is, yes, but this is supposed to be our own ideas .That's true. We could make a chart show ing the differentpossibi lities for q ualifica tions.That wou ld be effective - nic e and clear.Then we cou ld ask the class if people in th eir fam ilies have thosequa lificatio ns.Yes, that would make everyone fee! directly involved .

TIP: Each sentence con tains a wo rd or phrase that connects it towhat the other person says before or afte r. Find these links first towork out the orde r of the sente nces.

Picture-based discussion18 I b 2 a :3 a 4 c 5 b 6 c 7 a


1 deaf'Deaf people' are menti oned in stateme nts 2, 5, 7 and 10.

2 in a resta uran tThe info rma tion is in state me n t I , and statemen t 2 con t inueswith the same con text. (Of course, we don' t know at this stag e ifthey are true o r false.j

:3 sign languageThis fits th e context bett er. Th e device is called 'Sign LanguageTrans lato r' according to stateme nt 4, and 's ign language' is alsomen tioned in statemen ts 5 an d 7.

2 LISTENING EXAM1 T

We hea r '1 was waiting to be served at our local Burger King and. I th ought it would make things easier if th ey had an elect ron ic

interprete r'.2 F

We hear 'They comm unica ted with a speaki ng in terpreter an d herelayed their choices to a cashier' . 'Relay' in this sense means' pass on'.

, TWe hea r '1 remem bered the idea later, when I was th in king of anew project for a science competition' .

4 FWe hea r 'the receiver has a screen similar to those 0 11 cell phones'- it doesn 't say th e receiver is a cell phone. 'Cell ph one' is theAme rican term fo r a 'mobile ph one' .

S FWe hear ' people can read th e wo rds, even if they do n'tunderstan d sign lan guage, an d people wh o use sign lan guage cancommunicate without an interpreter ' .

6 TWe hea r 'The project received top ho nours, alo ng with a $100,000college scho larship for th e you ng inventor'.

7 TWe hear ' I started wit h researching how sign language works'.

8 FWe hear ' I've always had an in terest in electronics. I've likedwiring th ings together since I was four years o ld . I also hadhands-on expe rien ce from my part-time job at a robot iceq uipme n t lab '.

9 TWe hea r ' I also had to try on many different gloves'.

10 FWe hea r 'Wha t I have now isn 't ready for prod uctio n ... nut I dohope to see it o n the market one day', mean ing the SignLanguage Trans lator is no t yet be ing sold .

SMA RT ANSWER KEY 197

~ 26 TRANSCRIPT

Kathle HolmesGood afte rnoon, this is Kathie Holmes in ou r programme, 'Young andBrainy' . Tod ay I'm goin g to be speaking to Ryan Petterscn, a tee nagerwhos e invention may bridge the communication gap betwe en the de afand those that can hear. Ryan, tell us how it all started.Ryan PaltenonIt was two years ag o. I was waiting to be served at our local Burger Kingand I noticed a gro up of customers using sign language to place an ord er.They were obviously deaf. They commu nicated with a speakinginterpreter and he relayed their cho ices to a cashier. I thought it wouldmake things easier if they had an electronic interpreter instead. Iremembered the idea later, when [ was thi nking of a new project for ascience competition. I called it Sign la ngua ge Translator.It consists of a glove which is lined with ten sensors . The sensors detectthe hand positions that are used to shape the alphabet of American Signlanguage. Then a microp rocessor transmits the information to a smallportable receiver. The receiver has a screen similar to those on cellphones, and this screen displays the words, lette r by letter. In this waypeople can read the words, even if they don't understan d sign langua ge,and peop le who use sign language can co mmu nicate witho ut aninte rpreter.KathleAre you imp ressed? So were judges at the 2001 Siemens Science andTechno logy Competition. The project received top honour s, along with aS100,000 college scholarship for the young inventor. And now Ryan'sproject is already patented.Ryan, how long did you experiment with the invention before you finallyproduced the prototype?RyanAround nine months. I started with researching how sign language works.Then I had to figure out how to translate all that electronically.Fortunately, I've always had an interest in electronics. I've liked wiringthings tog ether since I was four years old. I also had han ds-on experiencefrom my part-time job at a robotic-equipme nt lab.KathleDid you have problems finding appropriate materials?RyanI'm used to hunting for hardware to build competition robots, bu t for thisprojec t I also had to try on many different gloves. A golf glove turned outto be the best solution. It's soft and flexible and fits closely.KathleAccording to the National Institute of Deafness, one to two million peoplein the U.$. are profoundly deaf. And most of them use sign language tocommunicate. Will your invention make an impact?RyanThere was a demonstration at our local deaf community centre and thepeo ple were interested. What I have now isn't ready for prod uction. I'msure it' ll be very d ifferent by the time it's actually manufactured . But I dohope to see it on the market one day.

Use of English

3 should be deleted.'As w~II ' is enough : it means 'a lso' or 'too'.

2 is co rrect.3 'That' here refers to what we kn ow about pollution. Using ' th is'

would also be correct.-4 is co rrec t.S should be deleted.

'Damage is un coun table. It is a general idea here. In anot herdifferen t sentence. you could say some th ing like, 'The damagethat cars cause to our cities is te rrible.'

6 should Ill' deleted.You say ' SU Ill {' o f' wl1£'11 you art' ident ifyin g Ol few things from alarge r gro up o f coun table th ings. 'Some of the wor ld's pro blem sare caused by people. and some of them arc natur al .' You say just'so me' wh en yo u mean a part , not the total or maximum. 'I 'd likesome rice.'

198 SMART AN SWER KEY

4 I C' Elect ricity' is a single, large and general thing - it is uncountableand doesn't nee d to he specified here.

2 CWe only need one preposition, ' in' here .

3 AThe phrasal verb, ' keep up with (sometbtng/someoncj' means 'goat the same speed as', or 'co nt inue to understand '. All th ree partsare necessa ry,

4 Bwhen yo u 'wo nde r', you don 't kn ow. It's an ope n qu estion, soyo u say 'i f', as yo u would in ' I do n' t know if.. .'

5 Cwe already have the verb here t'there's'j so we don 't need itagain.

S USE DF ENGLISH EXAMo ./

00 wasWe don 't need a passive; 't he history' 'sta rted' is fin e.onTh e phrase is 'take (a pe riod of time) to (happen,' .

2 ./3 of

Don 't confuse two different str uctures: 'ei ther (somet hi ng) or(something else)' and 'neit he r (someth ing) no r (somethi ng else)'follow the same st ruct ure , which is the cor rect op tion he re. There'salso 'e ither/ neither o f (t hem )', but that's used diffe rently.

-4 beenwedo n 't need to make a passive here.

S thatYou ca n say, There are records that show the vtongots used .. .' andyou can say, 'There are records snowing that th e Mongols used ...' but yo u can't mix the two possibilities tog ether.

6 ./

Reading

6 I a 2 c

NOTE: You can usually work out the meani ng of unfamiliar wordsfrom the context.

7 Possible answe rs:th e process o f questtontng a number o f people to get an ideaabo ut the general opinion

2 a telephon e line connected to th e ne two rk by wires (as opposedto mobile phones)

3 allow a bill to reach a large am ount-4 the introd uct ion of new things or ways of doing thingsS br ing closer6 d isadva ntage, negat ive aspect

8 READING EXAMI c

We read about ' men with mo bile ph on es (72')1'1of all men)' which is more than the figures given for teenagers (below 70%),people between .In and so (below 70']f, ), o r women t6 7% ).

2 bWc read ' the survey shows that th e ave rage amoun t of nm c th eyspend on the phone ... has go ne down from sixty-th ree minutesbefore they got a mobile to Iuty-ttve minutes now',

3 ,

W£' read ' In novation in mobile phones has been happening sofast tha t it's diffi cult for consumers to change their be haviour '.

4 dW£' read 'Mobi le ph on e take-up am on g the poor ha s actually beenfar q uicker than it was in the case of ... compute rs'.

5 ,You find th e answer to this q uest ion by checking the infor mationahout the other answe rs and making su re the text mentionsthem : 'mobile phones now account for a third of all st reetrobberies', 'mobile USNS are tw o and a half limes more likely todevel op cancer' and 'do n' t forget about all th e accidents wailingto happen as people drive with a mobile in one hand'.

Speaking

TIP : These are all useful linking words you can use in you r essay. Youcan find more useful ideas in the Writ ing Bank on page 136 .

11 The stateme nt th at this essavisbaseo on is a pessimistic o ne. It hasbeen Issued by so meo ne mth a com plete ly negative attitude 10technology. I will begin my essay by cons ide ring~ is meant byt he state me nt. I will th en move on to look at a number of counterargu me nts. Finally. I w ill deliver my conclusion. Thi s is basically thatth e action we need to take is to incr ease greatly th e level o ftechnological loducdlion gener ally available.

12 WRITING EXAM

TIPS: Your essay must be a response to the topic given in the examtask. If you don 't connec t or relate what you write to the task, youwill lose marks.You need to look carefully at the ideas in the task, so that you canmake comm ents about them.There isn't a 'co rrect' way to approach this - the ideas will be yourown .Use the task to give you a plan or structure for your essay:Do we understand how technology is changing, in terms of

work/education?leisure?commun ication?relationships?any other areas you can think of?

what's going to hap pen in the future? Are we preparing a betterworld for the next ge nera tion?Try to give examples, or details or explanat ions of everything youwrite about.If you present one idea, and then present an argument aga inst it. youwill be able to write mo re, and what you write will have a clearstructure .

Picture-based discussion13 I She 's sitt ing on som e old stone steps ou tside.

TIll' verb needs to he completed first . Note the co rrect order of theadje ctive s. You cou ld al so put 'outside ' between 's ilting' an d 'o n'.

2 I guess sill' was walking along when she suddenly rememberedshe hadn't sent an important ematl.'Walking along ' sets th e scen e: th is is what was happening (pastContinuous) whe n th e o the r action occurred (Past Simpl e). Noti ceth e po sition of th e adverb 's udden ly' and th e USt' of the PastPerfect ten se with the negative, ' had n' t sent '.

3 Perhaps she's trying to send an email to her coll eague before hetakes a plan e.The Present Con tinuo us ts used here to descr ibe an act ion takingplace at the tim e of speaking. Th e Present Simpl e is used her e todescribe 10 describe a future act io n that is 'ttmetabled'.

4 Of course, she might be a writ er who just had a moment ofinsp iration .Th is Is a usefu l way to introduce an other idea. Notice th e positionof '[ust'. and th e phr ase, ' a moment of inspiration'.

5 I don 't thin k she's go ing to stay long because it 's q uiteunc om tortabl e.'Be go ing to' is used for th e future here , where you are bas ingwhat you say o n th e ev ide nce you can see - ' it's quiteunc omfortable'. Remem ber that in English we refer to ourthinking in th e neganve form , 'I don 't think she's going to ' rather than th e anion, *'1 think she 's Ite t ge illg te ..

14 I meansCompletes the phrase 'means to an end', meaning a solution ormethod su itable for its purpose - but not th e purpose itself.

2 moreCompletes the ph rase ' nothing more' .

3 themselvesCompletes the ph rase ' in th em selve s', meen tng 'in isolation ', here'without consideri ng ot her aspects of th e issue'.

4 suchCo mpletes the phrase 'such as' used to gtve examples.

5 withWe use ' he lp (some one)' + 'wit h' to talk about th e task th ey helpth em do.

6 withMeaning 'in th e case of' .

7 totallyUsed to make th e adj ective stronger, not just 'different ', but' to ta lly different' (mean ing ' the re are no simila ritie s at all ' }.

S actuallyMeaning 'des pite all th e evidence'.

15 5PEAKING EXAMTIPS: You must talk about all the five questions the exam task asksyou.You should probably describe the picture in general terms briefly first,and then move on to the questions.You don't have to follow the questions in the same order as in thetask, although it is probably the most logical order.The first three questions requ ire you to guess, and you should reflectthis in the answe rs you give. Try to say, for example, 'I imagine thatshe might be writing an email,' rather than 'She 's typing an email.'You can find useful phrases for specu lating about a picture in theSpeaking Bank on page 128.The fourth question asks you about your life, and to compare thiswith what you see in the picture.The final qu estion req uires you to give an opinion. There is no rightor wrong answer. What's important is that you exp lain your reasonsfor your opinion.

Debate16 Your ow n ideas.

17 SPEAKING EXAMTIPS: Decide if you want to argue for or against the statement first.Then thi nk of examp les for both sides: invent ions that do make ourlives easier, and invent ions that only generate prod ucts we must buy.Prepare some arg uments to explain why you think so, about each ofthe exam ples.Remember, the situation is usually more compl ex than this, and mostthings belong to both categories.When you' re doing the task, use examples to illustrate each po int youmake.Make sure you respond to what your partn er is saying (you can finduseful phrases for this in the Speaking Bank on page 128) - ratherthan keep repeating your own argumen ts.Don't be afraid to admit if you haven't thought of a certain issue you' re not expected to be an expert on technolog ical innovations,you' re only tested on how well you use English.Don't forget, you can always change your mind about the state mentduring the discussion - as long as you use a good variety 01Englishphrases to say so, for example: 'N ow that you've men tion ed this, rthink I'd like to recons ider my pos ition.'

5 The result of6 However

] Thus..J In co n trast

Writing

Writing a discursive essay9 Your own Ideas.

10 1 Thi s is2 M oreover

SMART ANSW ER KEY 199

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Exam ExcellenceFelkeszules a kozep- es emelt szintU angol vizsqakra

Az Oxford Exam Excellence angol nyelvi vizsgafelkeszitf tankonyv, arne lyegyarant alkalmas onallo tan ulasra vagy tanoral, csoportos feldolgozasra.

A vtzsgakovetelmenvek tc ljcsttesc• A 12 fejezet az erettsegi vizsgan illetve a nyelvvi zsgakon e16fordu16

va lame nny i temakort feldolgozza.• Minden fejezet 10 oldalnyi gyakorlattal keszjt fel a BI es B2 szintii vizsgakra.

Egymastol fugget len, es kulonbozd szinekkel elkulonitett gyakorloleckekdolgozzak fel az Olvasott szoveg er tese , Hallott szoveg er tese, Nyelvhe lyess eg,lra skeszseg es Beszedkeszseg vizsgareszek feladat ait valamennyi fejezetben .A k6tet bemutatja a vizsgakon gyakra n e16fordul6 feladattipusoka t .

• Vizsgastrategrak es tipp ek segit ik a tanu16t a felkeszulesben ,

M6dszeres vizsgatren ingStudy Diary: Interaktiv tartalomjegyzek segiti a tanmenet megtervezeset, es atanul6 nyornon kovetheti a mar elvegzett munkat,

• How To Study : otletek a hatekony felkeszulesh ez,• Exam Tips: tan acsok a vizsgafeladatokkal kap csolatban .• Smar t Key . az "okos" megold6kulcs, amely nem csak a helyes valaszokat

tartalmazza, de minden esetben el is magyarazza , mtert az a helyes valasz.

Segedanyagok• Speaking Bank: kulonfele kommunikacios helyzetekben felhasznalh ato

kifejezesek.• Writing Bank: mi ntaszovegek, tanacsok es kifejezesek gyujtemenye az

ira skeszseg fejlesztesehez.Word Bank: az ere ttsegf/ nyelvvizsga valamennyi temakdrenek kulcssz6kincse,tematikus csoporto sitasban es fonetikai atirassa l,

• Smart CD: CD-jatsz6ban lejat szva a Hallott szoveg er tese vizsgareszhan ganyaga, szarnitogepben pedig a teljes hangan yag atira ta , szerkeszthet6 esnyomtathat6 formab an .

Rugalmas szerkezet• Egyarant felhasznalhato intenziv vizsgatanfolyarn kurzuskonyvekent , vagy

barmely an gol nyelvi tankonvvsorozat vizsgacentr ikus kie geszftdjekent .• Alkalmazkodik a tanul6 vagy tanfolyam egyeni Igenyelhe z: a fejezetek es

leckek barmilyen sor rendben, egymastcl fiiggetleniil elvegezhe tdek.

Mott6nk: ''Achieve Excellence in your Exam with suppor t from Oxford!"

Felkeszulesaz erettsegi vizsgakra

OXFORDUNIVERSITY PRESS

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OXFORD EN GLISHISBN 0-19-443004 -9

IIIIIII9 780194 430043

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