EXAM I REVIEWTake out some scratch paper!

1). Conservationist who advocated protection of nature for both its beauty

and usefulness; founder of the U.S. Forest Service

A. Gifford PinchotB. Aldo LeopoldC. Henry David ThoreauD. John MuirE. John Ruskin

2). Which of the following is an assumption of neoclassical

economics?

A. Resources are finite.B. Growth is good.C. Long-term effects are important.D. All citizens deserve just and equal treatment.E. External costs and benefits are valuable.

3). External costs include…..

A. UtilitiesB. Raw materialsC. wagesD. Worker’s compensation and insuranceE. Environmental damage

4). Which of the following is a biotic factor?

A. Soil pHB. Leaf litterC. HumidityD. EnergyE. Solar radiation

5). Which law best relates to energy loss within an ecosystem?

A. First Law of ThermodynamicsB. Second Law of ThermodynamicsC. Third Law of ThermodynamicsD. Law of Conservation of MatterE. Law of Relativity

6). Which of the following organisms would occupy the

lowest trophic level?

A. Golden crowned kingletB. SnakeC. SalamanderD. MouseE. Red-tailed hawk

7). Which stage of the hydrologic cycle is often the most direct cause

of algal blooms?

A. EvaporationB. PrecipitationC. InfiltrationD. TranspirationE. Runoff

8). A scientist is observing a series of plants and measuring their growth with the addition of nutrients. She notices that the addition of nitrate has no effect on growth while the addition of phosphorus shows significant growth. What conclusion can she draw

about the nutrients in relation to this plant?

A. Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient.B. Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient.C. Phosphorus and nitrogen together are limiting

nutrients.D. Excess nitrogen is being stored by the plants.E. Excess phosphorus is being stored by the plants.

9). Which of the following organisms carry out cellular respiration?

A. PlantsB. AnimalsC. BacteriaD. Both B and CE. A, B and C

10). Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?

A. TundraB. Boreal forest (taiga)C. Temperate grasslandD. ChaparralE. Cold desert

11). Which type of natural selection is shown by this

histogram?

A. Stabilizing selectionB. Directional selectionC. Disruptive selectionD. Debilitating selectionE. Robust selection

12.) What type of growth does this

graph demonstrate?

A. StabilizingB. ExponentialC. LogisticD. r-selectedE. K-selected

13.) Which best describes the population growth you would

expect to see based on this diagram?

A. Rapidly increasingB. Slowly increasingC. Zero growthD. Slowly decreasingE. Impossible to tell

14.) In one year a population of 100 giraffes, nine giraffes die, 12 are born

and two move away. What is the growth rate?

A. 10%B. 1%C. 0.1%D. -0.1%E. -1%

15.) How many hectograms are in one centigram?

A. 1000B. 100C. 0.01D. 0.001E. 0.0001

A. 7.6%B. 10.5%C. 13.2%D. 15.5%E. 25.0%

16.) If there are 1,250 kcal/m2 in the producer level and 95

kcal/m2in the primary consumer level, what percent of the energy was transferred?

A. Plant-based dietB. Meat-based dietC. Mixed plant and animal-based dietD. Protein-based dietE. Carbohydrate-based diet

17.) The best way reduce starvation for a country that struggles to grow enough food to

feed its people is to promote a

A. Increased nutrient runoffB. Increased photosynthesis from algaeC. Increased cellular respiration by

bacteriaD. Decreased cellular respiration due to

fish killsE. Decreases in limiting nutrients

18.) The immediate (most direct) cause of hypoxia in dead zones is

A. Nitrogen fixationB. NitrificationC. DenitrificationD. Fossil fuel combustionE. Lightning

19.) Which process converts ammonia into nitrite and nitrate?

A. HerbivoryB. PredationC. ParasitismD. CommensalismE. Mutualism

20.) The relationship between flowering plants and bees is best described as

A. Baseline habitatB. Theoretical habitatC. Basic nicheD. Realized nicheE. Fundamental niche

21.) The entire range of conditions where a species is capable of survival assuming no competitors are present is known as the

A. A food webB. A positive feedback loopC. A negative feedback loopD. Dynamic equilibriumE. Amensalism

22.) Cattle on an open range may compact fragile soils while grazing. This can damage plant roots, leading to smaller plants, which may in turn cause cattle to graze

more and work harder to obtain food. This is an example of

A. Sounds that animal communities make in ecosystems

B. Transitional zones between ecosystemsC. Interactive behaviors leading to

communicationD. Areas between territories of competing

animalsE. Studies of specific biomes by ecologists

23.) Ecotones are the

A. Primary productionB. Gross primary productionC. Net primary productionD. Gross secondary productionE. Net secondary production

24.) A small section of prairie grasses, over a year, produces enough biomass to feed insects, mice,

rabbits, birds, antelope, and a host of decomposers. The amount of food potentially available to the

herbivores is the

A. Sedimentary rock and fossil fuelsB. Plants and animalsC. The atmosphereD. HydrosphereE. Oceans

25.) The largest pools of carbon in the carbon cycle are