Exam Specifications_PS Supplied References (1)

7/29/2019 Exam Specifications_PS Supplied References (1)

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1

Supplied Reference Material for the PS Exam

The Principles and Practice of Surveying (PS) Exam is a closed-book exam. The reference materialsupplied by NCEES is the only material allowed in the exam room. The morning and afternoon PS examswill include reference material similar to the material shown here. You will not be allowed to bring yourpersonal copy of this material or any other documentation with you to the exam. Basic theories,conversions, formulas, and definitions that examinees are expected to know have not been included in thesupplied references. When appropriate, NCEES will provide information in the question statement itselfto assist you in solving the problem.

NCEES will periodically revise reference material. Each PS exam will be administered using the latestversion of the material.


2/24

2

CONVERSIONS AND OTHER USEFUL RELATIONSHIPS

* 1 U.S. survey foot =12

m39.37

* 1 international foot =0.3048 m

* 1 in. =25.4 mm (international)

1 mile =1.60935 km* 1 acre =43,560 ft2 =10 square chains

* 1 ha =10,000 m2 =2.47104 acres

* 1 rad =180

1 kg =2.2046 lb

1 L =0.2624 gal

1 ft3 =7.481 gal

1 gal of water weighs 8.34 lb

1 ft3 of water weighs 62.4 lb1 atm =29.92 in. Hg =14.696 psi

Gravity acceleration (g) =9.807 m/s2 =32.174 ft/sec2

Speed of light in a vacuum (c) =299,792,458 m/s =186,282 miles/sec

C =(F 32)/1.8

1 min of latitude () 1 nautical mile

1 nautical mile =6,076 ft

Mean radius of the earth 20,906,000 ft 6,372,000 m

* Denotes exact value. All others correct to figures shown.

METRIC PREFIXES METRIC PREFIXESMultiple Prefix Symbol Multiple Prefix Symbol

1018

1015

1012

109

106

103

10

2

101

atto

femto

pico

nano

micro

milli

centideci

a

f

p

n

m

cd

101

102

103

106

109

1012

10

15

1018

deka

hecto

kilo

mega

giga

tera

petaexa

da

h

k

M

G

T

PE

QUADRATIC EQUATION

ax2 +bx +c =0

2b b 4acRoots

2a

=


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3

OBLIQUE TRIANGLES

Law of sinesa b c

sinA sinB sinC= =

Law of cosines2 2 2

2 2 2

a b c 2bccosA

or

b c acosA2bc

= +

+ =

Area = absinC2

Area =2a sinBsinC

2sinA

Area = ( ) ( ) ( )s s a s b s c where s =(a +b +c)/2

SPHERICAL TRIANGLES

Law of sines

sina sinb sinc

sinA sinB sinC= =

2

3

6 2

Law of cosinescos a =cos b cos c +sin b sin c cos A

Areaof sphere 4 R

4Volumeof sphere R

3bcsinA

Spherical excess in sec =9.7 10 R

=

=

where R =Mean radius of the earth

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

2 2i(x x) v

n 1 n 1

= =

where: = Standard deviation (sometimes

referred to as standard error)2v = Sum of the squares of the residuals

(deviation from the mean)n = Number of observationsx = Mean of the observations (individual

measurements xi)

2 2 2sum 1 2 n = + + +

series n =

mean

n

=

2 2 2 2product ab = +

2x xy

2xy y

=

xy

2 2x y

2tan2

=

where thecounterclockwise

anglefromthexaxis

=

Relative weights are inversely proportional to

variances, or:

a 2a

1W

Weighted mean:

wWM

MW

=

where:

wM = Weighted mean

WM = Sum of individual weights times

their measurementsW = Sum of the weights


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4

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS

Confidence Interval for the Mean of a Normal Distribution

(A) Standard deviation is known/2 /2

+X Z X Z

n n

(B) Standard deviation is known/2 /2 +

s sX t X t

n n

where t/2corresponds ton1 degrees of freedom.

Confidence Interval for the Mean2

of a Normal Distribution

( ) ( )2 2

22 2/2, 1 1 /2, 1

1 1

n n

n s n s

x x

Confidence Interval for the Ratio of Two Normal Distribution Variances

1 2 2

2 2 21 1 1

2 2 22 , 1 2 2 , 1 1/2 , 1 /2 , 1

n n n n

S S

S F S F

Values ofZ/2ConfidenceInterval Z/2

80% 1.281690% 1.644995% 1.960096% 2.053798% 2.326399% 2.5758


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5

HORIZONTAL CIRCULAR CURVES

D = Degree of curve, arc definition

Dc = Degree of curve, chord definition

L = Length of curve from P.C. to P.T.

c = Length of sub-chord

= Length of arc for sub-chord

d = Central angle for sub-chord

I or = Angle of interior or delta

5,729.58D

R=

50Radiusbychorddefinition,R

sin1/2D=

( )T =R tan I/2

( )I

L RI 100180 D

= =

( )LC =2R sin I/2

( )c =2R sin d/2 d D/100=

( )M =R 1 cos I/2

1E =R 1

cos(I/2)

2R L R IAreaof sector

2 360

= =

2 2R I R sinIAreaof segment

360 2

=

Area between curve and tangents ( )R T L / 2=

( )AC

R2sin a b

=+

Equation of a circle, X2

+Y2

=R2


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6

VERTICAL CURVE FORMULAS

L = Length of curve (horizontal)

PVC = Point of vertical curvature

PVI = Point of vertical intersectionPVT = Point of vertical tangency

g1 = Grade of back tangent

g2 = Grade of forward tangent

x = Horizontal distance from PVC

(or point of tangency) to point on curve

a = Parabola constant

y = Tangent offset

E = Tangent offset at PVI

r = Rate of change of gradeTangent elevation = YPVC +g1x

and = YPVI +g2(x L/2)

Curve elevation = YPVC +g1x +ax2

= YPVC +g1x +[(g2 g1)/(2L)]x2

2y ax ;= 2 1g g

a ;2L

=

2L

E a ;2=

2 1_g g

r = L

Horizontal distance to min/max elevation on curve,

xm=1 1

1 2

g g L

2a g g =

PHOTOGRAMMETRY

( )ab f

Scale verticalphotographAB H h

= =

( )rh

Relief displacement = verticalphotographH

H =C-factor contour intervalParallax equations:

2 12 1 1

2

p x x

xBXp

yBY

p

fBh H

p

(p p )h h (H h )

p

=

=

=

=

= +

where:f = Focal length

h = Height above datum

H = Flying height above datum

r = Radial distance from principal point

p = Parallax measured on stereo pair

B = Airbase of stereo pair

x, y = Coordinates measured on left photo

x = Coordinate measured on right photo

X, Y = Ground coordinates


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7

PHYSICS

Lens equation:1 1 1

o i f+ =

where:o = Object distance

i = Image distancef = Focal length

Snell's laws:n sin= n sin

where:n = Refractive index

= Angle of incidence

CURVATURE AND REFRACTIONCurvature (c) and atmospheric refraction (r)corrections for vertical angles:c 4.905 sec/1,000 ft c 16.192 sec/1 km(c & r) 4.244 sec/1,000 ft (c & r)13.925 sec/1 km

and for level rod readings:

c 0.0240 D2

ft c 0.0785 K2

m

(c & r) 0.0206 D2

ft (c & r) 0.0675 K2

mwhere:

D = Thousands of ftK = Kilometers

c 0.667 M2

(c & r) 0.574 M2

where:M = Distance in miles

GEODESY

Ellipsoid

a =Semimajor axis

b =Semiminor axis

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

2 22

2

2

3 22

122 2

122 2

rad

a bFlattening, f usuallypublishedas1/f

aa bEccentricity, e

aa 1 e

Radiusin meridian,M1 e sin

aRadiusin primevertical, N

1 e sin

Angularconvergenceof meridians

dtan 1 e sin

aLinear convergenceo

=

=

=

=

=

( )122 2

f meridians

dtan 1 e sin

a

=

where: = Latitude

d = Distance along parallel at latitude

= Length along meridians separated by d

Ellipsoid definitions:

GRS80: a = 6,378,137.0 m1/f = 298.25722101

Clark 1866: a = 6,378,206.4 m1/f = 294.97869821

Orthometric correction:Correction =0.005288 sin2 h arc1where:

= Latitude at starting point

h = Datum elevation in meters or feet atstarting point

= Change in latitude in minutes betweenthe two points (+in the direction ofincreasing latitude or towards the pole)

h H +Nwhere:

h = Ellipsoid height

N = Geiod undulation

H = Orthometric height


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8

STATE PLANE COORDINATES

Reduce horizontal ground distance (DH) togeodetic (ellipsoidal) distance (DE)

DE =DH EFwhere:

EF = Elevation factor

= RR H N+ +

and:R = Ellipsoid radius

H = Orthometric height

N = Geoid height

Reduce geodetic (ellipsoidal) distance (DE) togrid distance (DG)

DG =DE SFwhere:

SF =Projection scale factorFor precisions less than 1/200,000, may useapproximate ellipsoid radius R 20,906,000 ftand neglect geoid height

Arc distance (AR) to chord distance (CH)correction

3

2

CHAR CH

24 R =

where R is radius of the arc distance

ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT

V c/n

V/f

m dD

2

=

=

+ =

where:V = Velocity of light through the atmosphere

(m/s)

c = Velocity of light in a vacuumn = Index of refraction

= Wave length (m)

f = Modulated frequency in hertz (cycles/sec)

D = Distance measured

m = Integer number of full wavelengths

d = Fractional part of the wavelength

ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION

A 10C temperature change or a pressure differenceof 1 in. of mercury produces a distance correctionof approximately 10 parts per million (ppm).

AREA FORMULAS

n n

i i 1 i i 1i 1 i 1

Areabycoordinateswherei ispointorderinaclosedpolygon.

1Area X Y X Y

2+

= =

=

1 n2 3 4 n 1

TrapezoidalRule

h hArea w h h h h

2

+ = + + + + +

( ) ( )1 odds evens n

Simpson's1/3Rule

Area w h 2 h 4 h h /3 = + + +

EARTHWORK FORMULAS

Average end area formulaVolume =L(A1 +A2)/2

Prismoidal formulaVolume =L(A1 +4Am+A2)/6

Pyramid or cone

Volume =h(Area of Base)/3


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9

TAPE CORRECTION FORMULAS

Correction for temperature

Ct =6.5 106 (T Ts)L

Correction for tension

Cp =(P Ps)L/(AE)Correction for sag

Cs = 2 3 2(w ) / (24P ) where:

T = Temperature of tape duringmeasurement, F

Ts = Temperature of tape during calibration,F

L = Distance measured, ft

P = Pull applied during measurement, lb

Ps = Pull applied during calibration, lb

A = Cross-sectional area of tape, in2

E = Modulus of elasticity of tape, psi

w = Weight of tape, lb/ft

= Length of unsupported span, ft

STADIA

Horizontal distance = KS cos2

Vertical distance = KS sin coswhere:K =Stadia interval factor (usually 100)

S =Rod intercept =Slope angle measured from horizontal


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10

UNIT NORMAL DISTRIBUTION TABLE

x f(x) F(x) R(x) 2R(x) W(x)0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

Fractiles

1.2816

1.6449

1.9600

2.0537

2.3263

2.5758

0.3989

0.3970

0.3910

0.3814

0.3683

0.3521

0.3332

0.3123

0.2897

0.2661

0.2420

0.2179

0.1942

0.1714

0.1497

0.1295

0.1109

0.0940

0.0790

0.0656

0.0540

0.0440

0.0355

0.0283

0.0224

0.0175

0.0136

0.0104

0.0079

0.0060

0.0044

0.1755

0.1031

0.0584

0.0484

0.0267

0.0145

0.5000

0.5398

0.5793

0.6179

0.6554

0.6915

0.7257

0.7580

0.7881

0.8159

0.8413

0.8643

0.8849

0.9032

0.9192

0.9332

0.9452

0.9554

0.9641

0.9713

0.9772

0.9821

0.9861

0.9893

0.9918

0.9938

0.9953

0.9965

0.9974

0.9981

0.9987

0.9000

0.9500

0.9750

0.9800

0.9900

0.9950

0.5000

0.4602

0.4207

0.3821

0.3446

0.3085

0.2743

0.2420

0.2119

0.1841

0.1587

0.1357

0.1151

0.0968

0.0808

0.0668

0.0548

0.0446

0.0359

0.0287

0.0228

0.0179

0.0139

0.0107

0.0082

0.0062

0.0047

0.0035

0.0026

0.0019

0.0013

0.1000

0.0500

0.0250

0.0200

0.0100

0.0050

1.0000

0.9203

0.8415

0.7642

0.6892

0.6171

0.5485

0.4839

0.4237

0.3681

0.3173

0.2713

0.2301

0.1936

0.1615

0.1336

0.1096

0.0891

0.0719

0.0574

0.0455

0.0357

0.0278

0.0214

0.0164

0.0124

0.0093

0.0069

0.0051

0.0037

0.0027

0.2000

0.1000

0.0500

0.0400

0.0200

0.0100

0.0000

0.0797

0.1585

0.2358

0.3108

0.3829

0.4515

0.5161

0.5763

0.6319

0.6827

0.7287

0.7699

0.8064

0.8385

0.8664

0.8904

0.9109

0.9281

0.9426

0.9545

0.9643

0.9722

0.9786

0.9836

0.9876

0.9907

0.9931

0.9949

0.9963

0.9973

0.8000

0.9000

0.9500

0.9600

0.9800

0.9900


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t-DISTRIBUTION TABLE

VALUES OF t,nn =0.10 =0.05 =0.025 =0.01 =0.005 n1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

3.078

1.886

1.638

1.533

1.476

1.440

1.415

1.397

1.383

1.372

1.363

1.356

1.350

1.345

1.341

1.337

1.333

1.330

1.328

1.325

1.323

1.321

1.319

1.318

1.316

1.315

1.314

1.313

1.311

1.282

6.314

2.920

2.353

2.132

2.015

1.943

1.895

1.860

1.833

1.812

1.796

1.782

1.771

1.761

1.753

1.746

1.740

1.734

1.729

1.725

1.721

1.717

1.714

1.711

1.708

1.706

1.703

1.701

1.699

1.645

12.706

4.303

3.182

2.776

2.571

2.447

2.365

2.306

2.262

2.228

2.201

2.179

2.160

2.145

2.131

2.120

2.110

2.101

2.093

2.086

2.080

2.074

2.069

2.064

2.060

2.056

2.052

2.048

2.045

1.960

31.821

6.965

4.541

3.747

3.365

3.143

2.998

2.896

2.821

2.764

2.718

2.681

2.650

2.624

2.602

2.583

2.567

2.552

2.539

2.528

2.518

2.508

2.500

2.492

2.485

2.479

2.473

2.467

2.462

2.326

63.657

9.925

5.841

4.604

4.032

3.707

3.499

3.355

3.250

3.169

3.106

3.055

3.012

2.977

2.947

2.921

2.898

2.878

2.861

2.845

2.831

2.819

2.807

2.797

2.787

2.779

2.771

2.763

2.756

2.576

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29


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ECONOMICS

Factor Name Converts Symbol Formula

Single PaymentCompound Amount

toF givenP (F/P, i%, n) (1 +i)n

Single PaymentPresent Worth

toP givenF (P/F, i%, n) (1 +i) n

Uniform SeriesSinking Fund

toA givenF (A/F, i%, n)( ) 11 + ni

i

Capital Recovery toA givenP (A/P, i%, n)( )

( ) 11

1

+

+n

n

i

ii

Uniform SeriesCompound Amount

toF givenA (F/A, i%, n)( )

i

in

11 +

Uniform SeriesPresent Worth

toP givenA (P/A, i%, n)( )

( )n

n

ii

i

+

+

1

11

Uniform GradientPresent Worth toP givenG (P/G, i%, n)

( )

( ) ( )nn

n

ii

n

ii

i

++

+

11

112

Uniform Gradient Future Worth

toF givenG (F/G, i%, n)( )

i

n

i

in

+

2

11

Uniform GradientUniform Series

toA givenG (A/G, i%, n)( ) 11

1

+

ni

n

i

Nomenclature and DefinitionsA Uniform amount per interest periodB Benefit

BV Book ValueC Costd Combined interest rate per interest periodDj Depreciation in yearjF Future worth, value, or amountf General inflation rate per interest periodG Uniform gradient amount per interest periodi Interest rate per interest periodie Annual effective interest ratem Number of compounding periods per yearn Number of compounding periods; or the expected life of an assetP Present worth, value, or amountr Nominal annual interest rateSn Expected salvage value in year n

Subscriptsj at timejn at timen F/G=(F/A n)/i =(F/A) (A/G)


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14

Nonannual Compounding

( )1 1= + m

e

ri

m

Book Value

BV =Initial cost Dj

Depreciation

Straight line n

jC S

D =n

Accelerated Cost Recovery System (ACRS)

Dj =(factor from table below) C

MODIFIED ACRS FACTORS

Year

Recovery Period (Years)

3 5 7 10

Recovery Rate (%)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

11

33.3

44.5

14.8

7.4

20.0

32.0

19.2

11.5

11.5

5.8

14.3

24.5

17.5

12.5

8.9

8.9

8.9

4.5

10.0

18.0

14.4

11.5

9.2

7.4

6.6

6.6

6.56.5

3.3

Capitalized CostsCapitalized costs are present worth values using an assumed perpetual period of time.

Capitalized costs =P =i

A


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MINIMUM STANDARD DETAIL REQUIREMENTS FORALTA/ACSM L AND TITL E SURVEYS

(Effective February 23, 2011)

15

2011, American Land Title Association and American Congress on Surveying and Mapping

All publications of the American Land Title Association, including ALTA policy forms, endorsements, and relateddocuments, are copyrighted and are reprinted herein by specific permission from American Land Title Association

(ALTA), 1828 L Street, N.W., Suite 705, Washington, DC 20036Phone: 202-296-3671 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.alta.org

Also reprinted with permission from: American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM)Phone: 240-632-9716 Web: www.acsm.net

1. Purpose- Members of the American Land Title Association (ALTA) have specific needs, uniqueto title insurance matters, when asked to insure title to land without exception as to the many matterswhich might be discoverable from survey and inspection, and which are not evidenced by the publicrecords.

For a survey of real property, and the plat, map or record of such survey, to be acceptable to a titleinsurance company for the purpose of insuring title to said real property free and clear of survey matters(except those matters disclosed by the survey and indicated on the plat or map), certain specific and

pertinent information must be presented for the distinct and clear understanding between the insured, theclient (if different from the insured), the title insurance company (insurer), the lender, and the surveyorprofessionally responsible for the survey.

In order to meet such needs, clients, insurers, insureds, and lenders are entitled to rely on surveyors toconduct surveys and prepare associated plats or maps that are of a professional quality and appropriatelyuniform, complete and accurate. To that end, and in the interests of the general public, the surveyingprofession, title insurers and abstracters, the ALTA and the National Society of Professional Surveyors,Inc. (NSPS) jointly promulgate the within details and criteria setting forth a minimum standard ofperformance for ALTA/ACSM Land Title Surveys. A complete 2011 ALTA/ACSM Land Title Surveyincludes the on-site fieldwork required under Section 5 herein, the preparation of a plat or map showingthe results of the fieldwork and its relationship to record documents as required under Section 6 herein,any information in Table A herein that may have been negotiated with the client, and the certificationoutlined in Section 7 herein.

2. Request for Survey - The client shall request the survey or arrange for the survey to be requested,and shall provide a written authorization to proceed from the person or entity responsible for paying for thesurvey. Unless specifically authorized in writing by the insurer, the insurer shall not be responsible for anycosts associated with the preparation of the survey. The request shall specify that an "ALTA/ACSMLAND TITLE SURVEY" is required and which of the optional items listed in Table A herein, if any, areto be incorporated. Certain properties, including, but not limited to, marinas, campgrounds, trailer parksand leased areas, may present issues outside those normally encountered on an ALTA/ACSM Land TitleSurvey. The scope of work related to such properties should be discussed with the client, lender and

insurer, and agreed upon in writing prior to requesting the survey. The client may need to securepermission for the surveyor to enter upon the property to be surveyed, adjoining properties, or offsiteeasements.

3. Surveying Standards and Standards of CareA. Effective Date- The 2011 Minimum Standard Detail Requirements for ALTA/ACSM Land

Title Surveys are effective February 23, 2011. As of that date, all previous versions of theMinimum Standard Detail Requirements for ALTA/ACSM Land Title Surveys are supersededby these standards.


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16

B. Other Requirements and Standards of Practice- Some Federal agencies, many states andsome local jurisdictions have adopted statutes, administrative rules and/or ordinances that set outstandards regulating the practice of surveying within their jurisdictions. In addition to thestandards set forth herein, surveyors shall also conduct their surveys in accordance with allapplicable jurisdictional requirements and standards of practice. Where conflicts between thestandards set forth herein and any such jurisdictional requirements and standards of practiceoccur, the more stringent shall apply.

C.The Normal Standard of Care- Surveyors should recognize that there may be unwritten local,state, and/or regional standards of care defined by the practice of the prudent surveyor in thoselocales.

D. Boundary Resolution - The boundary lines and corners of any property being surveyed as partof an ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey shall be established and/or retraced in accordance withappropriate boundary law principles governed by the set of facts and evidence found in thecourse of performing the research and survey.

E. Measurement Standards - The following measurement standards address Relative PositionalPrecision for the monuments or witnesses marking the corners of the surveyed property.i. Relative Positional Precision means the length of the semi-major axis, expressed in feet or

meters, of the error ellipse representing the uncertainty due to random errors inmeasurements in the location of the monument, or witness, marking any corner of thesurveyed property relative to the monument, or witness, marking any other corner of thesurveyed property at the 95 percent confidence level (two standard deviations). RelativePositional Precision is estimated by the results of a correctly weighted least squaresadjustment of the survey.

ii. Any boundary lines and corners established or retraced may have uncertainties in locationresulting from (1) the availability, condition, history and integrity of reference or controllingmonuments, (2) ambiguities in the record descriptions or plats of the surveyed property or itsadjoiners, (3) occupation or possession lines as they may differ from the written title lines,and (4) Relative Positional Precision. Of these four sources of uncertainty, only Relative

Positional Precision is controllable, although due to the inherent errors in any measurement,it cannot be eliminated. The magnitude of the first three uncertainties can be projected basedon evidence; Relative Positional Precision is estimated using statistical means (see Section3.E.i. above and Section 3.E.v. below).

iii.The first three of these sources of uncertainty must be weighed as part of the evidence in thedetermination of where, in the surveyors opinion, the boundary lines and corners of thesurveyed property should be located (see Section 3.D. above). Relative Positional Precisionis a measure of how precisely the surveyor is able to monument and report those positions; itis not a substitute for the application of proper boundary law principles. A boundary corneror line may have a small Relative Positional Precision because the survey measurementswere precise, yet still be in the wrong position (i.e. inaccurate) if it was established or

retraced using faulty or improper application of boundary law principles.iv. For any measurement technology or procedure used on an ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey,

the surveyor shall (1) use appropriately trained personnel, (2) compensate for systematicerrors, including those associated with instrument calibration, and (3) use appropriate errorpropagation and measurement design theory (selecting the proper instruments, geometriclayouts, and field and computational procedures) to control random errors such that themaximum allowable Relative Positional Precision outlined in Section 3.E.v. below is notexceeded.


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v. The maximum allowable Relative Positional Precision for an ALTA/ACSM Land TitleSurvey is 2 cm (0.07 feet) plus 50 parts per million (based on the direct distance between thetwo corners being tested). It is recognized that in certain circumstances, the size orconfiguration of the surveyed property, or the relief, vegetation or improvements on thesurveyed property will result in survey measurements for which the maximum allowableRelative Positional Precision may be exceeded. If the maximum allowable RelativePositional Precision is exceeded, the surveyor shall note the reason as explained in Section6.B.ix below.

4. Records Research - It is recognized that for the performance of an ALTA/ACSM Land TitleSurvey, the surveyor will be provided with appropriate data which can be relied upon in the preparationof the survey. The request for an ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey shall set forth the current recorddescription of the property to be surveyed or, in the case of an original survey, the current recorddescription of the parent parcel that contains the property to be surveyed. Complete copies of the mostrecent title commitment, the current record description of the property to be surveyed (or, in the case ofan original survey, the parent parcel), the current record descriptions of adjoiners, any record easementsbenefiting the property, the record easements or servitudes and covenants burdening the property (allhereinafter referred to collectively as "Record Documents"), documents of record referred to in the

Record Documents, documents necessary to ascertain, if possible, the junior/senior relationship pursuantto Section 6.B.vii. below, and any other documents containing desired appropriate information affectingthe property being surveyed, and to which the ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey shall make reference,shall be provided to the surveyor for use in conducting the survey. Reference is made to Section 3.B.above.

5. Field Work - The Survey shall be performed on the ground (except as otherwise negotiatedpursuant to Table A, Item 15 below, if selected by the client), and the field work shall include thefollowing:

A. Monumentsi. The location and description of any monuments or lines that control the boundaries of the

surveyed property.ii.The location, size and type of any monuments found (or set, if Table A, Item 1 is requested

by the client, or if otherwise required see Section 3.B. above) on the boundary of thesurveyed property.

B. Rights of Way and Accessi. The distance from the appropriate corner or corners of the surveyed property to the nearest

right of way line, if the surveyed property does not abut a right of way.ii.The name of any street, highway or other public or private way abutting the surveyed

property, and the width and location of the travelled way relative to the nearest boundary lineof the surveyed property.

iii.Visible evidence of physical access (such as, but not limited to, curb cuts and driveways) to

any abutting streets, highways or other public ways.iv.The location and character of vehicular, pedestrian or other forms of access by other than the

apparent occupants of the surveyed property to or across the surveyed property, including,but not limited to driveways, alleys, private roads, sidewalks and footpaths observed in theprocess of conducting the survey.

v. Without expressing a legal opinion as to ownership or nature, the location and extent of anypotentially encroaching driveways, alleys, and other ways of access from adjoiningproperties onto the surveyed property observed in the process of conducting the survey.


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vi. Where documentation of the width or location of any abutting street, road or highway right ofway was not disclosed in Record Documents provided to the surveyor or was not otherwiseavailable from the controlling jurisdiction (see Section 6.C.iv. below), the evidence andlocation of parcel corners recovered which might indicate the width or location of such rightof way lines.

vii.Evidence of access to and from waters adjoining the surveyed property, such as paths, boatslips, launches, piers and docks observed in the process of conducting the survey.

C. Lines of Possession, and Improvements along the Boundariesi. The character and location of evidence of possession or occupation along the perimeter of the

surveyed property, both by the occupants of the surveyed property and by adjoiners,observed in the process of conducting the survey.

ii.The character and location of all walls, buildings, fences, and other improvements within fivefeet of each side of the boundary lines, observed in the process of conducting the survey.

iii.Without expressing a legal opinion as to the ownership or nature of the potentialencroachment, the evidence, location and extent of potentially encroaching structuralappurtenances and projections observed in the process of conducting the survey, such as fireescapes, bay windows, windows and doors that open out, flue pipes, stoops, eaves, cornices,

areaways, steps, trim, etc., by or onto adjoining property, or onto rights of way, easements orsetback lines disclosed in Record Documents provided to the surveyor.

D. BuildingsBased on the normal standard of care, the location of all buildings on the surveyed propertyshown perpendicular to the nearest perimeter boundary line(s) and expressed to the appropriatedegree of precision.

E. Easements and Servitudesi. Evidence of any easements or servitudes burdening the surveyed property, disclosed in the

Record Documents provided to the surveyor and observed in the process of conducting thesurvey.

ii. Evidence of easements or servitudes not disclosed in the Record Documents provided to the

surveyor, but observed in the process of conducting the survey, such as those created byroads; rights of way; water courses; ditches; drains; telephone, fiber optic lines, or electriclines; water, sewer, oil or gas pipelines on or across the surveyed property and on adjoiningproperties if they appear to affect the surveyed property.

iii.Surface indications of underground easements or servitudes on or across the surveyedproperty observed in the process of conducting the survey.

iv. Evidence of use of the surveyed property by other than the apparent occupants observed inthe process of conducting the survey.

F. CemeteriesAs accurately as the evidence permits, the location of cemeteries, gravesites, and burial grounds(i) disclosed in the Record Documents provided to the surveyor, or (ii) observed in the process of

conducting the survey.G. Water Features

i. The location of springs, together with the location of ponds, lakes, streams, and riversbordering on or running through the surveyed property, observed during the process ofconducting the survey. See Table A, Item 19 for wetlands locations.


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ii.The location of any water boundary on the surveyed property. The attribute(s) of the waterfeature located (e.g. top of bank, edge of water, high water mark, etc.) should be congruentwith the boundary as described in the record description or, in the case of an original survey,in the new description. (See Section 6.B.vi. below).

6. Plat or Map - A plat or map of an ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey shall show the following

information. Where dimensioning is appropriate, dimensions shall be in accordance with the appropriatestandard of care.

A.The evidence and locations gathered during the field work as outlined in Section 5 above.B. Boundary, Descriptions, Dimensions and Closures

i. The current record description of the surveyed property, and any new description of thesurveyed property that was prepared in conjunction with the survey, including a statementexplaining why the new description was prepared. Preparation of a new description should beavoided unless deemed necessary or appropriate by the surveyor and insurer. Preparation of anew description should also generally be avoided when the record description is a lot orblock in a platted, recorded subdivision.

ii.The location and description of any monuments, lines or other evidence that control theboundaries of the surveyed property or that were otherwise relied upon in establishing orretracing the boundaries of the surveyed property, and the relationship of that evidence to thesurveyed boundary. In some cases, this will require notes on the plat or map.

iii.All distances and directions identified in the record description of the surveyed property (andin the new description, if one was prepared). Where a measured or calculated dimensiondiffers from the record by an amount deemed significant by the surveyor, such dimensionshall be shown in addition to, and differentiated from, the corresponding record dimension.

iv.The directional, distance and curve data necessary to compute a mathematical closure of thesurveyed boundary. A note if the record description does not mathematically close. The basisof bearings and, when it differs from the record basis, the difference.

v. The remainder of any recorded lot or existing parcel, when the surveyed property iscomposed of only a portion of such lot or parcel, shall be graphically depicted. Suchremainder does not need to be included as part of the actual survey, except to the extentnecessary to locate the lines and corners of the surveyed property, and it need not be fullydimensioned or drawn at the same scale as the surveyed property.

vi. When the surveyed property includes a water boundary, a note on the face of the plat or mapnoting the date the boundary was measured, which attribute(s) of the water feature was/werelocated, and the caveat that the boundary is subject to change due to natural causes and that itmay or may not represent the actual location of the limit of title. When the surveyor is awareof natural or artificial realignments or changes in such boundaries, the extent of thosechanges and facts shall be shown or explained.

vii.The relationship of the boundaries of the surveyed property (i.e. contiguity, gaps, oroverlaps) with its adjoiners, where ascertainable from Record Documents and/or from fieldevidence gathered during the process of conducting the survey of the property beingsurveyed. If the surveyed property is composed of multiple parcels, the extent of any gaps oroverlaps between those parcels shall be identified. Where gaps or overlaps are identified, thesurveyor shall, prior to preparation of the final plat or map, disclose this to the insurer andclient for determination of a course of action concerning junior/senior rights.


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viii. When, in the opinion of the surveyor, the results of the survey differ significantly from therecord, or if a fundamental decision related to the boundary resolution is not clearly reflectedon the plat or map, the surveyor shall explain this information with notes on the face of theplat or map.

ix. A note on the face of the plat or map explaining the site conditions that resulted in a RelativePositional Precision thatexceeds the maximum allowed under Section 3.E.v. of these

standards.x. A note on the face of the plat or map identifying the title commitment/policy number,

effective date and name of the insurer for any title work provided to the surveyor.C. Easements, Servitudes, Rights of Way, Access and Record Documents

i. The width and recording information of all plottable rights of way, easements and servitudesburdening and benefitting the property surveyed, as evidenced by Record Documents whichhave been provided to the surveyor.

ii. A note regarding any right of way, easement or servitude evidenced by a Record Documentwhich has been provided to the surveyor (a) the location of which cannot be determined fromthe record document, or (b) of which there was no observed evidence at the time of thesurvey, or (c) that is a blanket easement, or (d) that is not on, or does not touch, the surveyed

property, or (e) that limits access to an otherwise abutting right of way, or (f) in cases wherethe surveyed property is composed of multiple parcels, which of such parcels the variousrights of way,easements, and servitudes cross.

iii.A note if no physical access to a public way was observed in the process of conducting thesurvey.

iv.The width of abutting rights of way and the source of such information (a) where availablefrom the controlling jurisdiction or (b) where disclosed in Record Documents provided to thesurveyor.

v. The identifying titles of all recorded plats, filed maps, right of way maps, or similardocuments which the survey represents, wholly or in part, with their recording or filing data.

vi. For non-platted adjoining land, names and recording data identifying adjoining owners

according to current public records. For platted adjoining land, the recording data of thesubdivision plat.

vii.Platted setback or building restriction lines which appear on recorded subdivision plats orwhich were disclosed in Record Documents provided to the surveyor.

D. Presentationi. The plat or map shall be drawn on a sheet of not less than 8 by 11 inches in size at a

legible, standard engineering scale, with that scale clearly indicated in words or numbers andwith a graphic scale. When recordation or filing of a plat or map is required by law, such plator map shall be produced in recordable form. The boundary of the surveyed property drawnin a manner that distinguishes it from other lines on the plat or map. A north arrow (withnorth to the top of the drawing when practicable), a legend of symbols and abbreviations, and

a vicinity map showing the property in reference to nearby highway(s) or major streetintersection(s).

ii. Supplementary or detail diagrams when necessary.iii. If there are no visible buildings on the surveyed property, a note statingNo buildings

existing on the surveyed property shall appear on the face on the survey.


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iv.The surveyors project number (if any), and the name, registration or license number,signature, seal, street address, telephone number, and email address of the surveyor whoperformed the survey. The date(s) of any revisions made by said surveyor.

v. Sheet numbers where the plat or map is composed of more than one sheet.vi.The caption ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey.

7. Certification -The plat or map of an ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey shall bear only thefollowing certification, unaltered, except as may be required pursuant to Section 3.B. above:

To (name of insured, if known), (name of lender, if known), (name of insurer, if known), (namesof others as negotiated with the client):

This is to certify that this map or plat and the survey on which it is based were made inaccordance with the 2011 Minimum Standard Detail Requirements for ALTA/ACSM Land TitleSurveys, jointly established and adopted by ALTA and NSPS, and includes Items of TableA thereof. The field work was completed on ___________.

Date of Plat or Map:_____ (Surveyors signature, printed name and seal withRegistration/License Number)

8. Deliverables -The surveyor shall furnish copies of the plat or map of survey to the insurer andclient, and as otherwise negotiated with the client. Hard copies shall be on durable and dimensionallystable material of a quality standard acceptable to the insurer. Digital copies of the plat or map may beprovided in addition to, or in lieu of, hard copies in accordance with the terms of the contract.Whenrequired by law or requested by the client, the plat or map shall be produced in recordable form andrecorded or filed in the appropriate office or with the appropriate agency.


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TABLE A

OPTIONAL SURVEY RESPONSIBILITIES AND SPECIFICATIONS

NOTE: The items of Table A must be negotiated between the surveyor and client. It may be necessaryfor the surveyor to qualify or expand upon the description of these items (e.g., in reference to Item 6(b),there may be a need for an interpretation of a restriction). The surveyor cannot make a certification onthe basis of an interpretation or opinion of another party. Notwithstanding Table A Items 5 and 11(b), ifan engineering design survey is desired as part of an ALTA/ACSM Land Title Survey, such servicesshould be negotiated under Table A, item 22.

I f checked, the following optional items are to be included in the ALTA/ACSM LAND TITLESURVEY, except as otherwise qualified (see note above):

1. _____ Monuments placed (or a reference monument or witness to the corner) at all majorcorners of the boundary of the property, unless already marked or referenced by existingmonuments or witnesses.

2. _____ Address(es) if disclosed in Record Documents, or observed while conducting the survey.

3. _____ Flood zone classification (with proper annotation based on federal Flood Insurance RateMaps or the state or local equivalent) depicted by scaled map location and graphicplotting only.

4. _____ Gross land area (and other areas if specified by the client).

5. _____ Vertical relief with the source of information (e.g. ground survey or aerial map), contourinterval, datum, and originating benchmark identified.

6. _____ (a) Current zoning classification, as provided by the insurer.

_____ (b) Current zoning classification and building setback requirements, height and floorspace area restrictions as set forth in that classification, as provided by the insurer. Ifnone, so state.

7. _____ (a) Exterior dimensions of all buildings at ground level.

(b) Square footage of:

_____ (1) exterior footprint of all buildings at ground level.

_____ (2) other areas as specified by the client.

_____ (c) Measured height of all buildings above grade at a location specified by the client. Ifno location is specified, the point of measurement shall be identified.


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8. _____ Substantial features observed in the process of conducting the survey (in addition to theimprovements and features required under Section 5 above) such as parking lots,billboards, signs, swimming pools, landscaped areas, etc.

9. _____ Striping, number and type (e.g. handicapped, motorcycle, regular, etc.) of parking spacesin parking areas, lots and structures.

10. _____ (a) Determination of the relationship and location of certain division or party wallsdesignated by the client with respect to adjoining properties (client to obtain necessarypermissions).

_____ (b) Determination of whether certain walls designated by the client are plumb (client toobtain necessary permissions).

11. Location of utilities (representative examples of which are listed below) existing on orserving the surveyed property as determined by:

_____ (a) Observed evidence.

_____ (b) Observed evidence together with evidence from plans obtained from utility companiesor provided by client, and markings by utility companies and other appropriate sources(with reference as to the source of information). Railroad tracks, spurs and sidings; Manholes, catch basins, valve vaults and other surface indications of

subterranean uses; Wires and cables (including their function, if readily identifiable) crossing the

surveyed property, and all poles on or within ten feet of the surveyed property.Without expressing a legal opinion as to the ownership or nature of the potentialencroachment, the dimensions of all encroaching utility pole crossmembers oroverhangs; and

utility company installations on the surveyed property.

Note - With regard to Table A, item 11(b), source information from plans and markingswill be combined with observed evidence of utilities to develop a view of thoseunderground utilities. However, lacking excavation, the exact location of undergroundfeatures cannot be accurately, completely and reliably depicted. Where additional ormore detailed information is required, the client is advised that excavation may benecessary.

12. _____ Governmental Agency survey-related requirements as specified by the client, such as forHUD surveys, and surveys for leases on Bureau of Land Management managed lands.

13. _____ Names of adjoining owners of platted lands according to current public records.

14. _____ Distance to the nearest intersecting street as specified by the client.

15. _____ Rectified orthophotography, photogrammetric mapping, airborne/mobile laser scanningand other similar products, tools or technologies as the basis for the showing the location


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of certain features (excluding boundaries) where ground measurements are not otherwisenecessary to locate those features to an appropriate and acceptable accuracy relative toa nearby boundary. The surveyor shall (a) discuss the ramifications of suchmethodologies (e.g. the potential precision and completeness of the data gatheredthereby) with the insurer, lender and client prior to the performance of the survey and,(b) place a note on the face of the survey explaining the source, date, precision and otherrelevant qualifications of any such data.

16. _____ Observed evidence of current earth moving work, building construction or buildingadditions.

17. _____ Proposed changes in street right of way lines, if information is available from thecontrolling jurisdiction. Observed evidence of recent street or sidewalk construction orrepairs.

18. _____ Observed evidence of site use as a solid waste dump, sump or sanitary landfill.

19. _____ Location of wetland areas as delineated by appropriate authorities.

20. _____ (a) Locate improvements within any offsite easements or servitudes benefitting thesurveyed property that are disclosed in the Record Documents provided to the surveyorand that are observed in the process of conducting the survey (client to obtain necessarypermissions).

_____ (b) Monuments placed (or a reference monument or witness to the corner) at all majorcorners of any offsite easements or servitudes benefitting the surveyed property anddisclosed in Record Documents provided to the surveyor (client to obtain necessarypermissions).

21. _____ Professional Liability Insurance policy obtained by the surveyor in the minimum amountof $____________ to be in effect throughout the contract term. Certificate of Insuranceto be furnished upon request.

22. _____ ___________________________________________________________________