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8/10/2019 Example 1 Data Preparation 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/example-1-data-preparation-2011 1/21
© 2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.
Data Preparation – Part 1
Example 1
Luis G. Prada
Rev. Feb 2012
1
© 2010 Weatherford. All rights reserved.
Data Preparation: First Example
• Import gauge data file
– This file contains data from a single gauge
• Delete pre-test and post-test data
• Remove noise
• Define flow periods
• Reduce number of data points
• Smooth data
• Define Well, Layer and Fluid Parameters
• Check log-log plot
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Data Preparation – Initial Configuration
• Look at the gauge data file Example01_1.tpr in a text editor
(Notepad, etc)
– Check units used, layout of file, etc
• Start PanSystem, or File / New if already running
• Configuration>>General
– Change data directory name to course data folder
• Configuration >> Units
– Select OILFABS Units System (Default)
• Data Preparation >> Well and Reservoir Description
– Select Oil as Reservoir Fluid Type (Default)
• Import/Export Data >> ASCII
– Select Example01_1.tpr 3
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Data Preparation – Import Data
• The actual column headers which appear initially depend on whatyou did last time.
• We will reset these correctly.4
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Data Preparation – Import Data
• Most non-numerical data is not displayed in Space/Tab mode
• If you have not already inspected the file with a text editor, view the entireheader (for units, etc) by switching to Fixed column widths mode:
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Data Preparation – Import Data
• Note data column format /units:
– Column 1: Time in decimal hours
– Column 2: Pressure in psia
– Column 3: Temperature in oF
– The import dialog allows for a temporary change of units if needed for the importof gauge data
• This file can be loaded easily with the Space/Tab option
– Switch back from Fixed column widths to Space/Tab delimited
• Enter Number of lines in header
• Click in each column in turn and:
– Select data type from Date, Time, Gauge, Skip (to omit a column)
– Select time format from drop-down menu
– Select gauge data type from drop-down menu
– Change Column Name from default if desired6
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Data Preparation – Import Data
• Click Import or Import & Plot
Gauge on surface
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Data Preparation – Import Data
• A format template can be used for quick set-up next time
a similar file is to be imported
• Click on “No” for this particular example
• Data import should take a matter of seconds
• Number of Data Points Imported are shown
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• To plot the imported data (if not plotted already), double-
click the dataset(s) of interest from the Data Files/Column
List on Navigation Pane
Data Preparation - Plot
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• Different dataset(s) can be added or removed from the
active plot
Data Preparation - Plot
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Data Preparation - Plot
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Data Preparation – Edit
• Dataset(s) can be edited by clicking on Data Preparation
>> Gauge Data >> Edit Data
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Data Preparation - Edit
• There is a selection of
time formats• Any data can be
functioned (shift and
multiplier)
• Copy to/Paste from
Clipboard
• Insert new rows / delete
rows
• View imported file header
• When you OK from here,
PanSystem will check forinvalid data, time
continuity errors, etc
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Data Edit Plot
• Zoom in on a section of pressure data around 17.5 hrs.
• Note stair-steps. Read the step size. Explain….
• What are the large pressure spikes?
Zoom a box
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• Delete data at start and end during running in (RIH) and pulling out
(POH)
– Draw boxes with Select Points in a box icon around theRIH data at the start of the test and click Delete Selected Pointsicon or {Del} key
– Repeat for the POH data
– Recover last deletion with Undo
– Recover all deletions with Initialise
– Repeat the two deletions
– Confirm deletions to clear memory
– Check with the Show no. of points icon
• There should be about 25,000 data points remaining
• Save file as Example01_1.panx
Data Edit Plot
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Data Edit Plot
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• Outliers can be removed by:
– Selecting individual points and deleting with or {Del}
– Drawing a box around a group of points and deleting
– Using the statistical Outlier Removal facility in Data Reduction
• The best choice for large datasets!
Data Edit Plot – outlier removal
Outliers
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• With successive passes of the Outlier Remover in
– Outliers lying closer and closer to the main data are removed
as the region of tolerance is narrowed
– A new data group with a prefix RD1 is created, containing thereduced dataset
Data Edit Plot – Outlier Removal
After two passes of the Outlier Remover
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• Define the flow periods:
– Zoom-in on the beginning of the initial flow period
– Select the ‘ Pick nearest data point’ option and pick the
beginning of the first drawdown
– Leave the flowrate as 0
• The flowrate is thevalue just before the
event – ie: zero because
there was no flowbefore the test started
– Click OK
– Unzoom (Resume Original View)
Data Edit Plot – Flow Periods
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• Zoom in on the initial flowing period
– There appears to have been a
(partial) valve closure
– We will ignore this, as we don‟t
have any info about what
happened….
• Zoom in on the start of the
initial buildup
Data Edit Plot – Flow Periods
Initial flow period
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• There was a small pressure drop (rate
increase) prior to shut-in• To pick the shut-in point either:
– Pick by eye using the „Mark exact position‟ option or
– Use the „Mark point fromintersection of two lines‟ option
– Enter a Rate of 400 STB/day
• The flowrate is the value justbefore the event – ie: during the
flowing period
• Positive for production, negative
for injection
Data Edit Plot – Flow Periods
Rate change point
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• Unzoom
• Remove T from the plot:
– Right click the
Pressure data set on
the Navigation Pane
– Select Remove from
active plot
– Select Temperaturedata set
• Right-hand axis is nowscaled for flow rate only
Data Edit Plot – flow periods
Flowrate
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Data Edit Plot – flow periods
• Zoom-in on the end of the
buildup period and use the‘Pick nearest data point’
option to define the end of
the buildup
• Leave the flowrate at zero
• Zoom out (Resume Original
View)
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Data Edit Plot – flow periods
• Proceed in this manner – zoom in, pick, zoom out -
through the test, picking the ends of the flow periods and
the shut-ins
– The „intersecting lines‟ option is the best one to use
for the flowing periods in this particular test
• Enter 400 STB/day for each Rate
– The „Nearest point‟ option works
well for the shut-ins
• For a shut-in, the Rate is zero
– The final shut-in appears to have
required three attempts to close
the valve 24
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• The plot builds a step profile based on the time and rate
values entered at the rate changes
Data Edit Plot – flow periods
Rate schedule
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• Click on Data Preparation >> Rate changes >> Rate Changes
• The times, pressures and rates that you have just picked are stored
in the Rate Changes table. Cumulative production is calculated.
– If you change an entry here, it will change on the plot, and vice
versa
Data Edit Plot – flow periods
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• To enter events that occurred before the test started (if any), insert new rows
and type in the times and rates.
– Times can be negative (unless in 24-hr clock format)
– Remember that the rate goes at the end of the test period
– The very first rate entry should be zero – Pressures can be left at zero (no gauge data!)
• For the current DST, there were no previous events
– Cancel from the dialog to clear any modifications
Data Edit Plot – flow periods
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Data Reduction
• Select interval to reduce:
– Test period (in ruler bar)
– Whole test (no selection in ruler bar)
– Box (draw with mouse)
– Zoom portion
• Click Data Reduction facility
Methods of reduction(described in Help {F1})
Some options use a selecteddata column
Name of new reduced data file.PanSystem keeps the original file, just in case…
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• Undo the last reduction action
• Restore all unconfirmed data changes
– The deleted points are in fact retained in memory and simplyflagged as “do not display”
– The options above simply remove some or all of the flags to allow
re-display
• Confirm reduction(s) and compress data
– The “Confirm” button clears the flagged data from memory
– and can not recover points that have been cleared by
Data Reduction
PanSystem keeps the original dataand creates a new file for the reduced data with
the prefix RD1
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Data Smoothing
• Select interval to smooth:
– Test period (in ruler bar)
– Whole test (no selection in ruler bar)
– Box (draw with mouse)
– Zoom portion
• Click Data Smoothing button
Determines the number of pointsto be used in smoothing window
Sampling time-base for the data
Weighting to be applied
Might improve appearance at startand end of data.
Described inHelp {F1}
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Data Smoothing
Select the data column
that you would like tosmooth
Define the name ofsmoothed output data
column (or accept default
prefix SM1….)
PanSys creates a new data column for thesmoothed data, with the prefix SM1
Here, we have smoothed the pressure
data Pressure #1 contained in thereduced dataset RD1 EXAMPLE01_1
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Data Preparation – rock and fluid properties
• Go to Data Preparation >> Well ,reservoir & fluid description >> Analytical Model
• Enter the following data in the Fluid Control, Well Control, and Layer
Control Tabs:
• Rw = 0.35 f t.
• h = 87 ft.
• Ø = 0.17
• Bo = 1.12 res bbl/STB Note that mandatory parameters appear in red:
• oil = 0.7 cp
• Ct = 5.2E-5 psi-1
• Click OK
• Save File
See Help for detailed
definitions (Index or
{F1} from each dialog)
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Analysis – the log-log plot
• Select Analysis
–If your input data are not OK, you will not be able to proceed!
• Select the final build-up in the ruler bar
• Select Plot Types and Click Log-Log Plot
icon
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Log-Log Plot – quality check
• Note that in the early time region the pressure and derivative datashould follow a unit slope trend and overlay each other. If not, the
BU start time T0 and/or pressure P0 have not been defined properly.
• Return to the DataEdit Plot and take a
close look at the pointyou picked,
or:• Adjust T0 and P0 to
find a „good‟ valuevia the button.
• Save the file
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• Look at the gauge data file example01_2.tpr in a text editor (Notepad,
etc)
– File contains 2 gauges
– Date is included
– Note gaps in temperature
• The gauges were prog-
rammed not to acquire
T data unless a certain
minimum change
occurred (0.01°F)
– Note data columns areof constant width
• Compare example01_1,
where they get wider as
the numbers get bigger
Data Preparation: Second Example
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Data Preparation - Import
• Start PanSystem, or File / New if already running
• Configuration >> Units
– Select OILFABS Units System (Default)
• Data Preparation >> Well and Reservoir Description
– Select Oil as Reservoir Fluid Type (Default)
• Import/Export Data >> ASCII
– Select Example01_2.tpr
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Data Preparation - Import
• In Space/Tab delimited mode, the gaps cause the pressure andtemperature values to get mixed up
– This import mode cannot handle missing data
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Data Preparation - Import
– The data are now being confined to their correct columns
• Next we need to define the column configuration for import….
• Switch to Fixed column widths mode
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Data Preparation - Import
• Position the column markers as explained in the panel on the right
– Create new column markers as necessary
- One more is needed here, for the date
• Identify the data in each column
– For time, use (Date)HH:MM:SS if importing the date too
• Header has 15 lines
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Data Preparation - Import
• Save the file as Example01_2.panx
• Import the data. (Save the template.)
• If it doesn‟t look like this, delete the imported data and try again
– use the template and find the error(s)
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• Right click the x-axis
– Select Date option
– The time format should change to 24-hr clock (Date)HH:MM:SS
– Adjust the time scale to look similar to the plot shown below
Data Preparation – date display
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Example 1
END OF EXAMPLE 1
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