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Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 1
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
UXO Migration:
Frost Heave and Possible
Salt/Chemical Heave of UXO
Karen Henry, PhD, P.E., Task PartnerGeorge Robitaille, Technical Monitor
Thomas Bernitt, CHMM, CQA,CQM, Task Lead
The National Defense Industrial AssociationApril 5-8, 2004 San Diego, CA
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 2
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
The Problem:Under Optimal Soil and Climatic Conditions
Frost heave (i.e., frost jacking) causes upward migration of UXO (cold regions)
Salt/Chemical heave may cause upward migration of UXO (hot, arid regions)
UXO is cleared to standard depths based on end-use
If UXO migrates to shallower depths, it will become a serious safety issue
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 3
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
UXO Migration StudyOverview
Frost heave (known to occur) Chamber study Field study
Salt/Chemical heave (possibly occurs) Field study Chamber study
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 4
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
NDCEE Specific Tasks
Assess existing data and previous studies concerning UXO frost and salt heaving.
Identify existing models.
Conduct field and environmental chamber tests to determine potential UXO migration in soil using inert UXO targets (shapes) of different sizes, placed in different orientations. These targets will be monitored continuously for movement.
Document study by collecting all UXO movement, ambient air temperature, soil moisture content, temperature, and soil water potential. All aspects will be pictorially captured.
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 5
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
Stakeholders
George Robitaille - Technical Monitor, U.S. Army Environmental
Center (USAEC)
Dr. Femi Ayorinde, Joint UXO Coordinating Office
Chris O'Donnell, Naval EOD Technology Division
Mark McCarty, Environmental Supervisor, Ft. McCoy, WI
Dr. Karen Henry, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL)
Doug Murray, Naval Ordnance Safety and Security Activity
Charles Botdorf, LPG, Yuma Proving Ground, AZ
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 6
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
23 Factorial DesignsResponse Measured: Movement
Depth 12, 24 inches 24, 36 inches
OrientationVertical, 45° Vertical, 45°
UXO20 mm 81 mm40 mm 2.75 inch
105 mm155 mm
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 7
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
UXO Migration Field StudiesJuly 2003 - September 2004
FROST-HEAVE TESTING
• CRREL, Hanover, NH
• FT McCoy, WI
SALT/CHEMICAL-HEAVE TESTING
• Yuma Proving Ground, AZ
Setting up the site at CRREL: Jack Rose (NDCEE), Dr. Karen Henry (CRREL), Larry Danyluk (CRREL), and Tom
Anderson (NDCEE).
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 8
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
Environmental Chamber Studies
10 freezing cycles
Four evaporation seasons
Conducted at CRREL
One meter deep water table optimizes migration chances
Test chambers at CRREL
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 9
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
UXO Movement Will Be Correlated With:
Soil temperature Soil moisture Soil moisture potential Soil type
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 10
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
Field Test Factorial Design
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 11
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
Chamber Test Factorial Design (Salt-Heave)
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 12
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
Anticipated Long-Term Results
Increase understanding of physical processes Can salt heave move UXO? How much does UXO move due to frost jacking?
High-quality data for future model development or validation
Increased ability to manage risk
Assess clearance costs
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 13
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
Preliminary Results Measurable movement at CRREL and YPG
One to two millimeters
No measurable movement at Ft McCoy
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 14
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
Acknowledgements
NDCEE Executive Agent Mr. Raymond Fatz, DASA (ESOH)
NDCEE Program Director Mr. Joseph Vallone, ODASA (ESOH)
NDCEE Contracting Officer’s Mr. Richard Eichholtz, ODASA (ESOH)Representative
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH] 15
National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence
The NDCEE is operated for the DoD by Concurrent Technologies Corporation
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
Executive Agent – DASAI&E[ESOH]
02/04
ContactsNDCEE UXO Task Technical Monitor Mr. George Robitaille, USAEC
NDCEE UXO Task Manager Mr. Dick Pirrotta, CTC
More information about this work:
Brad Wroolie, Project Manager, CTC
Phone: (858) 674-2114
E-mail: [email protected]
Karen Henry, PhD, P.E., CRREL
Phone: (603) 646-4188
E-mail: [email protected]
Tom Bernitt, CTC
Phone: (858) 674-2106
E-mail: [email protected]