Exercises to Work With Paragraphs

8/9/2019 Exercises to Work With Paragraphs

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IS T R ITA L U N IV E R S IT YIS T R ITA L U N IV E R S IT YC H O O L O F S C IE N C E S A N DC H O O L O F S C IE N C E S A N DE D U C A T IO ND U C A T IO NE B E IE B E I

ENGLISH COMPOSITIONENGLISH COMPOSITIONANALYZING PARAGRAPHSANALYZING PARAGRAPHS

YAMITH JOS FANDIOYAMITH JOS FANDIOMA IN TEACHINGMA IN TEACHING


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FOR EDUCATIONALFOR EDUCATIONALPURPOSES ONLYPURPOSES ONLY

This presentation was created with exercisesand materials taken from

http://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/exwripar.htm http://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/academic-

writing/pbuild4.html http://www.fauxpress.com/kimball/w/1.htm

Its main purpose is to help EFL students understandkey points in writing paragraphs. The main idea of thisseries of exercises is to show students how to work on

writing coherent and appropriate paragraphs.


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HOW TO STOP SNORINGHOW TO STOP SNORING Snoring is caused when the airway at the back of the nose and throat

becomes partially obstructed. This is usually due to the loosening of thesurrounding oropharyngeal muscles, but the reasons why this should occurare varied. The most common are smoking, obesity and the consumptionof relaxants such as alcohol and sleeping pills. As with any commonailment, there are a host of "miracle" cures advertised - but you shouldfirst try a few simple steps to see if you can halt the snoring beforeadopting more drastic measures. Lifestyle changes can be the mosteffective. If you are overweight, a loss of weight will help to reduce thepressure on your neck. You should also stop smoking and try not to drinkalcohol at least four hours before you go to bed. Beyond this, try to changeyour regular sleeping position. Raise the head of your bed with a brick, ortie something uncomfortable into the back of your pajamas to encourageyou to sleep on your side. Both of these will help to alter the angle of yourthroat as you sleep, and may thus make breathing easier for you. It is alsoimportant to keep your nasal passage clear and unblocked. Allergies, coldsand hay fever can temporarily cause you to snore; nasal decongestantsmay help, but you are not advised to use such remedies for long periods.

Nasal strips, as worn by sportspeople, have been proven to reduce nasalairway resistance by up to 30 per cent, so consider these as a long-termalternative. If this fails, then you may wish to look at the varied snoringaids that are on the market. They range from neck collars that stop yourneck tilting, through to mandibular-advancement devices (such asgumshields) which reduce upper airway resistance, and tongue-retainingdevices. You can also buy essential-oil products that are added to warmwater and infused or consumed before bedtime. They claim to tone upyour palate and unblock your nasal passage. Finally, if your symptomspersist, visit your GP or contact the British Snoring and Sleep ApnoeaAssociation (01737 557 997) for advice. If you do not, your partner might.


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HOW TO STOP SNORINGHOW TO STOP SNORING Snoring is caused when the airway at the back of the nose and throat

becomes partially obstructed. This is usually due to the loosening of thesurrounding oropharyngeal muscles, but the reasons why this should occurare varied. The most common are smoking, obesity and the consumptionof relaxants such as alcohol and sleeping pills. As with any commonailment, there are a host of "miracle" cures advertised - but you shouldfirst try a few simple steps to see if you can halt the snoring beforeadopting more drastic measures. Lifestyle changes can be the mosteffective. If you are overweight, a loss of weight will help to reduce thepressure on your neck. You should also stop smoking and try not to drinkalcohol at least four hours before you go to bed.Beyond this, try to changeyour regular sleeping position. Raise the head of your bed with a brick, ortie something uncomfortable into the back of your pajamas to encourageyou to sleep on your side. Both of these will help to alter the angle of yourthroat as you sleep, and may thus make breathing easier for you.It is alsoimportant to keep your nasal passage clear and unblocked. Allergies, coldsand hay fever can temporarily cause you to snore; nasal decongestantsmay help, but you are not advised to use such remedies for long periods.

Nasal strips, as worn by sportspeople, have been proven to reduce nasalairway resistance by up to 30 per cent, so consider these as a long-termalternative. If this fails, then you may wish to look at the varied snoringaids that are on the market. They range from neck collars that stop yourneck tilting, through to mandibular-advancement devices (such asgumshields) which reduce upper airway resistance, and tongue-retainingdevices. You can also buy essential-oil products that are added to warmwater and infused or consumed before bedtime. They claim to tone upyour palate and unblock your nasal passage. Finally, if your symptomspersist, visit your GP or contact the British Snoring and Sleep ApnoeaAssociation (01737 557 997) for advice. If you do not, your partner might.


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HOW TO STOP SNORINGHOW TO STOP SNORINGSnoring is caused when the airway at the back of the nose and

throat becomes partially obstructed. This is usually due to theloosening of the surrounding oropharyngeal muscles, but thereasons why this should occur are varied. The most commonare smoking, obesity and the consumption of relaxants such asalcohol and sleeping pills.

As with any common ailment, there are a host of "miracle" curesadvertised - but you should first try a few simple steps tosee if you can halt the snoring before adopting more drasticmeasures. Lifestyle changes can be the most effective. If youare overweight, a loss of weight will help to reduce thepressure on your neck. You should also stop smoking and try

not to drink alcohol at least four hours before you go to bed.

Beyond this, try to change your regular sleeping position.Raise the head of your bed with a brick, or tie somethinguncomfortable into the back of your pajamas to encourage youto sleep on your side. Both of these will help to alter the angle

of your throat as you sleep, and may thus make breathingeasier for you.


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HOW TO STOP SNORINGHOW TO STOP SNORING It is also important to keep your nasal passage clear and

unblocked. Allergies, colds and hay fever can temporarilycause you to snore; nasal decongestants may help, but you arenot advised to use such remedies for long periods. Nasal strips,as worn by sportspeople, have been proven to reduce nasalairway resistance by up to 30 per cent, so consider these as along-term alternative.

If this fails, then you may wish to look at the varied snoringaids that are on the market. They range from neck collars thatstop your neck tilting, through to mandibular-advancementdevices (such as gumshields) which reduce upper airwayresistance, and tongue-retaining devices. You can also buy

essential-oil products that are added to warm water andinfused or consumed before bedtime. They claim to tone upyour palate and unblock your nasal passage.

Finally, if your symptoms persist, visit your GP or contact theBritish Snoring and Sleep Apnoea Association (01737 557 997)for advice. If you do not, your partner might. (MarkIrving, Esquire, March 1999)


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PESTICIDE SUICIDEPESTICIDE SUICIDE A. Most of the farmers are extremely poor. Attracted by cheap loans from

pesticides traders and the prospect of a quick buck, they borrowed heavily toraise cotton on small plots of land.

B. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the crop losses and destruction inAndhra Pradesh arose from the repeated application of excessive amounts ofchemicals - a practice actively encouraged by pesticides traders.

C. The suicide of Samala Mallaiah in Nagara village grabbed media headlines. Heowned one acre of land, leased two more and grew cotton on all three. Aftermaking a loss in the first year, he leased yet more land in an attempt to

recover. Confronted with falling prices, mounting debts and pest attacks, hecommitted harakiri. Cotton has given us shattered dreams, said one oldfarmer in Nagara village.

D. As many as 60,000 small farmers in the region of Andhra Pradesh, southernIndia, have taken to farming cotton instead of food crops. Some 20 of themhave recently committed suicide by eating lethal doses of pesticide.

E. Whitefly, boll weevils and caterpillars multiplied and destroyed their crops,despite the constant application of pesticides. The average yield of cotton fields

in Andhra Pradesh fell by more than half in just one year. Now the farmers arein no position to repay the loans or feed their families.

F. Nearly half the pesticides used in India go into protecting cotton, the mostimportant commercial crop in the country. However, pests have shownincreased immunity to a range of pesticides. Last year there were heavy croplosses due to leaf-curl, which is caused by the dreaded whitefly. Thisnondescript, milky-white fly sucks sap from the cotton leaves, making them curland dry up. The fly struck first in Pakistan and north-western India. Then itturned south.


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PESTICIDE SUICIDEPESTICIDE SUICIDE A. Most of the farmers are extremely poor. Attracted by cheap loans from

pesticides traders and the prospect of a quick buck, they borrowed heavily toraise cotton on small plots of land.

B. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the crop losses and destruction inAndhra Pradesh arose from the repeated application of excessive amounts ofchemicals - a practice actively encouraged by pesticides traders.

C. The suicide of Samala Mallaiah in Nagara village grabbed media headlines. Heowned one acre of land, leased two more and grew cotton on all three. Aftermaking a loss in the first year, he leased yet more land in an attempt to

recover. Confronted with falling prices, mounting debts and pest attacks, hecommitted harakiri. Cotton has given us shattered dreams, said one oldfarmer in Nagara village.

D. As many as 60,000 small farmers in the region of Andhra Pradesh, southernIndia, have taken to farming cotton instead of food crops. Some 20 of themhave recently committed suicide by eating lethal doses of pesticide.

E. Whitefly, boll weevils and caterpillars multiplied and destroyed their crops,despite the constant application of pesticides. The average yield of cotton fields

in Andhra Pradesh fell by more than half in just one year. Now the farmers arein no position to repay the loans or feed their families.

F. Nearly half the pesticides used in India go into protecting cotton, the mostimportant commercial crop in the country. However, pests have shownincreased immunity to a range of pesticides. Last year there were heavy croplosses due to leaf-curl, which is caused by the dreaded whitefly. Thisnondescript, milky-white fly sucks sap from the cotton leaves, making them curland dry up. The fly struck first in Pakistan and north-western India. Then itturned south.


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PESTICIDE SUICIDEPESTICIDE SUICIDE C. The suicide of Samala Mallaiah in Nagara village grabbed media headlines. He owned

one acre of land, leased two more and grew cotton on all three. After making a loss inthe first year, he leased yet more land in an attempt to recover. Confronted withfalling prices, mounting debts and pest attacks, he committed harakiri. Cotton hasgiven us shattered dreams, said one old farmer in Nagara village. =INTRODUCTION BASED ON A SPECIFIC CASE TO ESTABLISH PROBLEMSINTRODUCTION BASED ON A SPECIFIC CASE TO ESTABLISH PROBLEMSSMALL FARMERS SUFFER IN INDIA.SMALL FARMERS SUFFER IN INDIA.

D. As many as 60,000 small farmers in the region of Andhra Pradesh, southern India,have taken to farming cotton instead of food crops. Some 20 of them have recentlycommitted suicide by eating lethal doses of pesticide.

A. Most of the farmers are extremely poor. Attracted by cheap loans from pesticidestraders and the prospect of a quick buck, they borrowed heavily to raise cotton onsmall plots of land.

E. Whitefly, boll weevils and caterpillars multiplied and destroyed their crops, despitethe constant application of pesticides. The average yield of cotton fields in AndhraPradesh fell by more than half in just one year. Now the farmers are in no position torepay the loans or feed their families. = PRESENTATION OF SSUES SMALLPRESENTATION OF SSUES SMALL

FARMERS HAVE WITH THEIR CROPS.FARMERS HAVE WITH THEIR CROPS.


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PESTICIDE SUICIDEPESTICIDE SUICIDE C. The suicide of Samala Mallaiah in Nagara village grabbed media headlines. He owned

one acre of land, leased two more and grew cotton on all three. After making a loss inthe first year, he leased yet more land in an attempt to recover. Confronted withfalling prices, mounting debts and pest attacks, he committed harakiri. Cotton hasgiven us shattered dreams, said one old farmer in Nagara village. =INTRODUCTION BASED ON A SPECIFIC CASE TO ESTABLISH PROBLEMSINTRODUCTION BASED ON A SPECIFIC CASE TO ESTABLISH PROBLEMSSMALL FARMERS SUFFER IN INDIA.SMALL FARMERS SUFFER IN INDIA.

A. Most of the farmers are extremely poor. Attracted by cheap loans from pesticidestraders and the prospect of a quick buck, they borrowed heavily to raise cotton onsmall plots of land.

D. As many as 60,000 small farmers in the region of Andhra Pradesh, southern India,have taken to farming cotton instead of food crops. Some 20 of them have recentlycommitted suicide by eating lethal doses of pesticide.

E. Whitefly, boll weevils and caterpillars multiplied and destroyed their crops, despitethe constant application of pesticides. The average yield of cotton fields in AndhraPradesh fell by more than half in just one year. Now the farmers are in no position torepay the loans or feed their families. = PRESENTATION OF SSUES SMALLPRESENTATION OF SSUES SMALL

FARMERS HAVE WITH THEIR CROPS.FARMERS HAVE WITH THEIR CROPS.


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ELDERLY PEOPLE LIVING ON AELDERLY PEOPLE LIVING ON A

REDUCED INCOMEREDUCED INCOMEAnother problem facing a number of elderly people is

living on a reduced income. When they retire, old peoplemay receive a pension from their company or a benefit fromthe government. The amount of their monthly income is often

significantly less than they received when they were fullyemployed. All of a sudden, retirees find that they can no longercontinue the life style that they had become accustomed to,even if that life style was a modest one. Many find, afterpaying their monthly bills, that there is no money left for amovie or dinner out. Of course, sometimes they can not go out

because of their health. They may have arthritis or rheumatismand it is painful for them to move around. This can also limittheir lifestyle. For some elderly people, however, the smallamount of money they receive will not even cover theirmonthly bills and basic needs.


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REDUCED INCOMEREDUCED INCOME Another problem facing a number of elderly people is living

on a reduced income. When they retire, old people may receive a pension from their

company or a benefit from the government.The amount of their monthly income is often significantly less than

they received when they were fully employed. All of a sudden, retirees find that they can no longer continue the life

style that they had become accustomed to, even if that life stylewas a modest one.

Many find, after paying their monthly bills, that there is no moneyleft for a movie or dinner out.

Of course, sometimes they can not go out because of their health.They may have arthritis or rheumatism and it is painful for them to

move around.This can also limit their lifestyle. For some elderly people, however, the small amount of money they

receive will not even cover their monthly bills and basic needs.


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REDUCED INCOMEREDUCED INCOMEAnother problem facing a number of elderly people is

living on a reduced income. When they retire, old peoplemay receive a pension from their company or a benefit fromthe government. The amount of their monthly income is often

significantly less than they received when they were fullyemployed. Many find, after paying their monthly bills, thatthere is no money left for a movie or dinner out. For someelderly people, however, the small amount of money theyreceive will not even cover their monthly bills and basic needs.


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PARAGRAPH ANALYSISPARAGRAPH ANALYSIS

Paragraph A(1) Of the many types of energy, one

major category is kinetic energy or theenergy of motion. (2) An exampleof energyin motion is when a bat hits a baseball. (3)

The bat exerts a kinetic force that causes theball to fly in the air. (4) Mechanical energy is atype of kinetic energy applied to objects. (5)

Thermal energy is the energy of molecules inmotion. (6) More and more students are doingresearch on energy these days.


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major category is KINETIC ENERGY OR THEENERGY OF MOTION. (2) An exampleofenergy in motion is when a bat hits abaseball. (3) The bat exerts a kineticforce that causes the ball to fly in the air. (4)Mechanical energy is a type of kinetic

energy applied to objects. (5) Thermal energyis the energy of molecules in motion. (6) Moreand more students are doing research onenergy these days.


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Paragraph A(1) Of the many types of energy, oneOf the many types of energy, one

major category is kinetic energy or themajor category is kinetic energy or theenergy of motionenergy of motion. (2) An exampleof energyin motion is when a bat hits a baseball. (3)




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major category is kinetic energy or theenergy of motion. (2) An exampleof energyin motion is when a bat hits a baseball. (3)




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Paragraph AOf the many types of energy, one

major category is kinetic energy or theenergy of motion. An exampleof energy inmotion is when a bat hits a baseball. Thebat exerts a kinetic force that causes the ballto fly in the air. Mechanical energy is a type ofkinetic energy applied to objects. Thermal

energy is the energy of molecules in motion.


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Paragraph B(1) Medical scientists are finding a significant

difference in how men and women developHEART PROBLEMS. (2) Statistics show that

women on average develop heart disease laterin life than men. (3) One theory isthat youngerwomen who give birth to children developwider coronary arteries, and this helps women

to avoid heart attacks as they get older. (4)Most men do not believe this, however.


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Paragraph B(1) Medical scientists are finding aMedical scientists are finding a

significant difference in how men andsignificant difference in how men andwomen develop heart problemswomen develop heart problems.(2) Statistics show that women onaverage develop heart disease later in life thanmen. (3) One theory isthat younger womenwho give birth to children develop wider

coronary arteries, and this helps women toavoid heart attacks as they get older. (4) Mostmen do not believe this, however.


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Paragraph B(1) Medical scientists are finding a significant

difference in how men and women developheart problems. (2) Statistics show that women

on average develop heart disease later in lifethan men. (3) One theory isthat youngerwomen who give birth to children developwider coronary arteries, and this helps women

to avoid heart attacks as they get older. (4)Most men do not believe this, however.


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Paragraph B Medical scientists are finding a significant

difference in how men and women developheart problems. Statistics show that women on

average develop heart disease later in life thanmen. One theory isthat younger women whogive birth to children develop wider coronaryarteries, and this helps women to avoid heart

attacks as they get older.


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REFERENCESREFERENCEShttp://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/exwripar.htm

http://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/academic-writing/pbuil

http://www.fauxpress.com/kimball/w/1.htm
http://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/exwripar.htmhttp://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/exwripar.htmhttp://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/academic-writing/pbuild4.htmlhttp://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/academic-writing/pbuild4.htmlhttp://www.fauxpress.com/kimball/w/1.htmhttp://www.fauxpress.com/kimball/w/1.htmhttp://www.victoria.ac.nz/llc/academic-writing/pbuild4.htmlhttp://www.uefap.com/writing/exercise/exwripar.htm

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Exercises to Work With Paragraphs