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7/29/2019 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Presentation
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EXHAUST GAS
RECIRCULATION
PRESENTED BY
JYOTI RANJAN
USN:1JS06ME016
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INTRODUCTION Major problem faced by todays world is environmental
pollution.
Of these vehicular traffic is a major contributor .
Exhaust gases from vehicles includes CO,CO2,HC,NOx ..
Of these NOx is particularly very harmful. These are one of the chief constituents of smog, which have
an adverse effect on ecological systems.
They also contribute to the formation of acid rain.
NOx also cause breathing illness in human beings.
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FORMATION OF NOx.
The factors that cause diesel engines to run moreefficiently than gasoline engines also cause them to
run at a higher temperature.
This leads to the creation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Fuel in any engine is burned with extra air and some
of the oxygen is used to burn the fuel.
When the peak temperatures are high enough for
long periods of time, the nitrogen and oxygen in the
air combines to form Nitrogen oxides.
These are normally collectively referred to as NOx.
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HOW CAN NOx BE REDUCED?
In order to reduce NOx a engine should run at a lower
temperature than the normal temperature.
Reduced cylinder temperatures can be achieved in three
ways.
1. Enriching the air fuel mixture2. Lowering the compression ratio and retarding
ignition timings
3. Reducing the amount of Oxygen in the cylinder
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EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION
Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an efficient method toreduce NOx emissions from the engine.
It works by recirculating a quantity of exhaust gasback to the engine cylinders.
Intermixing the recirculated gas with incoming airreduces the amount of available O2 to thecombustion And lowers the peak temperature ofcombustion.
Recirculation is usually achieved by piping a routefrom the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold.
A control valve within the circuit regulates and times
the gas flow.123seminarsonly.com
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DIAGRAM
Schematic Diagram of An EGR
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BASIC PARTS OF EGR There are 3 basic parts of EGR
1. EGR Valve
2. EGR Cooler
3. EGR Transfer Pipe
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TYPICAL FOUR STROKE DIESELENGINE WITH BASIC PARTS OF EGR
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ENGINE
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EGR OPERATING CONDITIONSThere are three operating conditions for EGR flow.
1. High EGR flow
2. Low EGR flow
3. No EGR flow
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EGR THEORY OF OPERATION
The purpose of the EGR system is to precisely regulate the
flow under different operating conditions.
By integrating the fuel injection&amount of air entered control
with the EGR metering system, engine performance and the
fuel economy can be enhanced
For this an ECM (Electronic Control Machine) is used to
regulate the EGR flow. When EGR is required ECM opens
the EGR valve.
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The ECM is capable of neutralizing the negative aspects of
EGR by programming additional spark advance and
decreased fuel injection duration during periods EGR flow
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EXPERIMENT RESULTS
Relationship between EGR rate and NOX
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Relationship between O2 concentration
And NOx reduction
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HC and NOx concentration as a function of
EGR Level
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Relation of PM accumulation rate
And NOx emission with EGR
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TECHNICAL ISSUES
1. Combustion Contamination Exhaust gas from any combustion process may have certaincontaminants
May lead to serious combustion degradation and instability, and
shorter component life.
2. Control System Stability Control systems for modern engines have been developed over
two decades to maintain emissions control at varying loads,
speeds, and fuel conditions.
Adding EGR into the combustion process introducesfurther complexity that must be carefully integrated into the
entire engine control system approach for successful
operation over a wide range of conditions.
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3. Materials and Durability
EGR systems may decrease long-term life of the
components affected, including the EGR coolers and
control valves, the pistons and cylinder heads, exhaust
manifolds and sensors
Continuous duty applications may cause materials
breakdown, shorter component life, and even
unexpected, catastrophic engine failures.
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FUTURE OF EGR
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FUTURE OF EGR
Current Proposal:
Require a functional check of the EGR system:
detect a malfunction when the system has reached
its control limits such that it cannot achieve the
target EGR flow
Require a functional check of the EGR cooling
system for proper cooling
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CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation Technique in engines, theemissions are vary much controlled due to lesser amounts of
NOx entering the atmosphere.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation is a very simple method. It hasproven to be very useful and it is being modified further to
attain better standards.
This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption
EGR is the most effective method for reducing the nitrous
oxide emissions from the engine exhaust.
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REFERENCES
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REFERENCES
http://www.autozine.org
http://www.niehoff.com http://www.automotive.tno.nl
http://www.yet2.com
http://www.autorepair.about.com
http://www.constructionequipment.com
http://www.fordscorpio.co.uk
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THANK YOU