EXHIBIT B-22

INSTALLATION OF INSULATION FOR POWER PLANT PIPING AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT

This Exhibit on Installation of Insulation includes the following:

1.0 General

2.0 Insulation Application

3.0 Insulation Application-Equipment

4.0 Insulation Application-Breeching

5.0 Insulation Application-Piping

6.0 Insulation Application – Sweat Protected Piping Systems

7.0 Insulation Application -Ductwork

1.0 GENERAL 1.1 This Exhibit contains the requirements for field insulation of piping, auxiliary

equipment, breeching, and accessories as specified herein. 2.0 INSULATION APPLICATION 2.1 Condition of Surfaces and Materials

Insulation shall be applied only after all surfaces have been properly prepared. Correction of improper surface conditions such as rough welds, removal of temporary supports, removal of abnormal deposits of foreign materials, improper or incomplete welding of piping and equipment or of supporting brackets shall not be considered part of the work included under this Specification; however, when such conditions are observed, attention shall be called to them so that corrections may be made before insulation is applied.

2.2 Before insulating materials are applied, all surfaces of piping components and

equipment shall be cleaned thoroughly, in accordance with this Exhibit, of all normal foreign material such as loose scale, dirt, loose particles, rust, grease, salt film and other refuse material by scraping, wire brushing, wiping with solvent, washing or other approved means. Tools such as scrapers and wire brushes used on stainless steel surfaces shall themselves be made of stainless steel. Stainless steel surfaces shall be washed only with chloride-free demineralized water, or otherwise shall be completely cleaned of chloride deposits of any kind from the atmosphere, ocean spray, perspiration, or any other sources whatsoever.

2.3 As soon as cleaned surfaces of stainless steel piping and equipment are suitably

dry, they shall be painted with the piping manufacturer's specified silicone coating, or approved equal applied in accordance with the coating manufacturer's recommendations, in not less than two coats for a dry film thickness of two mils minimum, measured as applied with wet film gauge calibrated in terms of dry film thickness.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

2.4 Insulation shall not be applied to surfaces which are damp or frosted. Moisture

shall be prevented from working underneath partially applied insulation and under jacketed surfaces, and once start of insulation application occurs for any surface, the balance of the application of insulation and the protective jacketing there over shall be a continuous operation. Exposed insulation materials which have been installed and could become wet shall be temporarily protected until the required weather barrier is installed.

2.5 Cracks, voids, breaks, and improperly fitted insulation will not be allowed, and

where present, insulation shall be refitted or replaced. Openings in insulation shall not be filled, plugged or pointed with cements or mastics. Openings in insulation where pipe hangers penetrate insulation and lagging shall be packed with glass wool mat, flashed with aluminium and caulked with silicone metal sealer to prevent moisture penetration damage to the insulation and corrosion of the pipe or insulated surfaces. Insulation shall be applied in such a manner that air circulation within the insulation or between the insulation and pipe, equipment, or duct is avoided.

2.6 Where different materials are used in meeting different requirements, such as for

application to stainless steel and to carbon steel, or for differences in allowable temperatures, there shall also be a distinct difference in appearance between corresponding materials of all classes to avoid inadvertent use of improper materials for any application.

2.7 Where insulating cements, adhesives or other such materials are required, they

shall be composed either of the same materials as in adjoining insulation, or of materials compatible therewith.

2.8 For mixing hard finish cements, plastic insulations, mastic materials, or other

insulating accessories requiring mixing water, only demineralized water of suitable purity shall be used. Containers for demineralized water shall be used only for this purpose. Containers in which mixing of cements, plastic insulations or mastics are performed for use over or around stainless steel shall be manufactured from stainless or plastic and shall be used only for this purpose, and in washing them down, only demineralized water shall be used.

2.9 All pipes will be covered with sectional preformed, moulded or milled insulating

materials furnished in standard unit lengths of approximately 910-mm (36 in.). Two half-pieces shall be capable of completely enveloping the pipe for size ranges of pipe where such preformed, moulded or milled insulation is available, and in the actual application, the two half-pieces shall be staggered unless manufacturing tolerances on material do not so permit. Shop-fabricated insulation with metallic jacket attached or keyed to the insulation may be used for classes of insulation requiring only a single layer, or for the outer layer of multiple layer classes of insulation.

2.10 Segmental mitered block shall not be used except where preformed, moulded or

milled conventional pipe insulation, made to cover cylindrical surfaces with two half section pieces cannot be used due to lack of availability for the size or shape to be covered. For larger diameter cylindrical surfaces, preformed, moulded, or milled quarter section pieces shall be used, or with prior MARAFIQ approval pieces

P.O. Number : 7200018725

scored radially to close scores on the radius to be fitted may be used. For cylindrical diameters beyond availability of any of the foregoing, and for tube turns, ells and other fittings, valves and other irregular shapes where block is used, block shall be bevelled and mitered to fit without gaps requiring fill, plastic insulation or other supplementary means for maintaining insulating value, using such machine prefabrication, arrangements, standards and techniques considered desirable as described in the Bulletin, "Johns-Manville Therm-12 Pipe and Block Insulation." As applied, high edges on outer surface shall be rounded off to conform with other curved surfaces which will permit proper fitting of metal jacketing over insulation. Where fitting becomes necessary, pre-fabrications initially shall be worked in to proper fit. No undersized fabrications, radially unmetered crevices between block segments or other failure to attain fit, either left in such condition, or with crevices filled or covered with plastic insulation or other fill shall be considered acceptable.

3.0 INSULATION APPLICATION EQUIPMENT 3.1 Field-welded attachments shall be made to equipment only with written permission

from MARAFIQ. Some equipment will be furnished with shop-welded studs, capacitor discharge pins, or other attachments to aid in securing insulation and where their existence is known, the information is given as to the existence of shop-welded attachments. Their presence however shall not be assumed, and in planning the work, other means of securing to and supporting insulation and lagging on equipment shall be used.

3.2 Horizontal cylindrical tanks, cylindrical feed water heaters, heat exchangers and

other auxiliary equipment shall not depend in any event on stud attachment for securing insulation over cylindrical surfaces, but shall have rigid insulation, if used, laid with staggered joints, running bond brick fashion, and banded in place with not less than three bands passing over each block, and with floating rings on heads or ends, banded from rings radially to one or more girth bands near bands of cylindrical portion, to hold the insulation in place. Bands shall be in accordance with Section 3.6 of this Exhibit.

Irrespective of size of vessel and nozzles, or of kind of insulation, insulation and protective covering shall be placed around nozzles from equipment, clear of the equipment, as part of the work of covering the equipment. Vertical cylindrical tanks will have means of vertical support for insulation provided at intervals.

3.3 Insulation for pumps, tanks and other equipment where welding is not permitted,

shall be applied by use of metal bands, or wired if for any reason bands cannot be made available. The foregoing shall be applicable whether the insulation is block, blanket or other material, and special fabrications shall be made if necessary to retain insulation in manner to suit the particular detail requirements.

3.4 Where large or irregular surfaces are to be covered, on and around access doors

and removable panels to be covered, at removable heads on equipment such as heat exchangers, as casing split bolt lines on pumps or turbines, and at corners and edges, hot dip galvanized light structural angles or flat metal strips on edge shall be secured to serve as edging support for insulation, to provide means of securing bands or strap, chicken wire mesh, binding wires, and to prevent ravelling.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

3.5 Where equipment insulation is retained by cross wiring, wire shall not be finer than 1.6-mm minimum diameter (No. 16 gauge). Girth wires, if used where bands for any reason cannot be used, will be 1.6-mm minimum diameter (No. 16 gauge) for insulated diameters up to 1.2-m (4 ft) where girth wires are spaced on approximately 460-mm (18 in.) centres and with not less than three approximately evenly spaced wires holding each piece of insulation, with 2-mm minimum diameter (No. 14-gauge) wire used on larger sizes.

3.6 Banding shall be, as a minimum, 19-mm (3/4 in.) wide by 0.5-mm (0.02 in.) thick

monel banding and shall be used to secure insulation to equipment, with not less than three girth bands per length of insulating block laid with staggered joints, and with bands on not over 460-mm (18 in.) spacing on flexible type insulation. Bindery straps shall be drawn up by mechanical banding tool.

3.7 In applying insulating material to heat exchangers, pumps or turbines, or to other

equipment having bolted heads or casings which have to be removable for inspection and repair, the fastenings shall be left exposed and the insulating material shall be applied in such manner that it will not be damaged by removal of bolts, screws, heads, covers or plates.

3.8 Block cutting and mitering generally shall follow standards of workmanship

delineated in reference named in Section 2.10 of this Exhibit, with the intent of requiring the Contractor to produce well-butted joints not requiring pointing to attain continuity of the insulation. To the extent that full compliance with the requirement is not attainable as a practical matter, joints in mitered block may be pointed with plastic insulation to full depth of crevices for each layer, subject to prior approval of MARAFIQ. If insulation is more than one layer, joints shall be staggered. The complete insulation surface shall be trued in shape, and smoothed, preparatory to application of protective covering. Protective covering shall be metallic jacket with built-in vapour barrier.

3.9 All insulation on equipment shall be installed with suitable expansion joints where

required to accommodate expansion of equipment with temperature increase without opening of butted block joints, and the details specified for expansion joints in pipe insulation shall be applied to equipment insulation.

3.10 All terminal butt ends of insulation shall be sealed and weatherproofed to prevent

water and moisture from entering insulation. 3.11 If glass fibre semi-rigid board or blanket insulation, or other material requiring

similar installation methods, is used on equipment, it shall be banded to cylindrical surfaces in accordance with Section 3.6 of this Exhibit. Over irregular or flat surfaces, both this material as well as block material, shall require auxiliary means of attachment to secure insulation in place, and since shop-attached means shall not be counted on except where explicitly so stated for particular pieces of equipment, said auxiliary means shall be provided. The auxiliary means by cross lacing with 1.6-mm minimum diameter (No. 16 gauge) wire of specified material. Butt joints between sections of mesh or lath backed insulation shall have edges held together by lacing of 1.6-mm minimum diameter (No. 16 gauge) wire of specified material. All equipment surfaces shall be covered, and the covering joined to that of the connecting piping, either to act as a single unit with it or with provisions for expansion, as may be appropriate.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

For the insulations of this Section, metallic jackets will not require wire mesh reinforced insulating cement backing provided that uniform backing for metal is provided by blanket or flexible mat type insulation as installed, with shape true and without hollows, bulges or ridges. If metallic jackets do not or will not hold true form on the backing provided alone by blanket or flexible mat type of insulation, wire mesh reinforced plastic insulation and/or mesh reinforced hard finish cement shall be applied to provide the suitable backup.

3.12 Where removability is indicated, or for normal service at removable parts of

equipment, such plastic insulation hard finish cement and covering, if required, as well as the underlying insulation, shall be provided with a cleavage so that required access may be attained with minimum disturbance or destruction to insulation, and this disturbance or destruction shall be necessary only at immediate vicinity of flange bolts, welds, etc., with the balance of the applications on both sides of the cleavage, such as at removable covers, top half casings, etc., able to remain intact on both the part removed and on the part left in place.

3.13 For all types of insulation, access manholes, flanged or hinged inspection covers

and similar means of access to feed water heaters, water boxes, heat exchangers or other equipment shall either be insulated so as to have little or no removal of insulation and jacket required at cleavage, such as specified in Section 3.12 of this Exhibit for flexible insulations, or shall have portable type covers, removable intact for access and normally held in place by suitable screws or bolts in a manner which will permit removal and replacement without damage to insulation. If welded stud attachments normally used for such coverings have not been provided, the insulation covers shall be secured by bands and wires or clips attached to suitable angle iron brackets clamped to the equipment. Drilling and tapping of holes in equipment shall not be permitted except where prior approval is obtained by the Contractor from the equipment manufacturer and submitted to MARAFIQ, in writing, that the strength and integrity of the equipment will not be impaired thereby, and that such practice is not contrary to applicable codes, and that manufacturer's warranties are not voided thereby.

3.14 Where used to fill out or true surfaces of insulation, plastic insulation may be

applied in as thin or in as thick an aggregate total depth as required for this purpose as long as sufficient depth is laid to key securely to the wire mesh.

Where heat resistant cloth covering is required, the final coat of finish cement shall be dry and scratched or scored to promote bond, lagging adhesive shall be applied embedded in a layer of pre-sized cloth covering, overlapping all seams 51-mm (2 in.). The cloth shall be finished with a second coat of lagging adhesive.

3.15 Nameplates on all equipment which is insulated hereunder shall either be left

exposed or removed and reinstalled on outside of covered surface in a secure manner as approved by MARAFIQ.

3.16 Code stampings on pressure vessels shall be insulated with a removable slug of

insulation, and provided with removable lagging cover for easy accessibility for inspection as approved by MARAFIQ.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

3.17 Where equipment is supported on metal cradles, structural steel members, or equipment legs, insulation shall extend over such cradles, structural steel members or legs not less than four times the insulation thickness, whatever the type of insulation and purpose thereof.

4.0 INSULATION APPLICATION TO BREECHING 4.1 The scope hereof shall be considered as including insulation and lagging

applications to be made to breeching extending from induced draft fans to stack, with insulation thickness named with the said designation. Around corners and openings, adequate flashing and sealing shall be applied, and access doors shall be insulated and lagged.

4.2 No field welded attachments shall be made to any breeching without written

permission from MARAFIQ. Breeching will be furnished with shop-welded studs, capacitor discharge pins or other attachments to aid in securing insulation and the information is given on drawings showing the general arrangement and extent of the work to be done.

4.3 Insulation shall be impaled on pins or studs so that each piece is tightly butted

against adjacent piece. No insulation with broken corners or edges, or with other damage, shall be used. Where more than one insulation layer is required by the aforementioned tabulation, joints shall be staggered both ways. At corners, with double layer insulation, for the inner layer, the vertical or nearly vertical layer shall lap the ends of the top and bottom layers shall lap the ends of the side layers.

With single-layer insulation, the corners shall lap as specified for the inner layer of double layer insulation. The insulation impaled on pins or studs shall be held firmly in place by means of 51-mm (2 in.) square speed washers, with projecting pins then cut off 25-mm (1 in.) outside of speed washers, and bent over flat. The marksmanship in impaling insulation on pins shall produce tightly butted joints. Minor channelling of insulation with a sawing motion of pins will be permitted on occasions if necessary to close the joints.

4.4 Insulation shall be fitted around supports, and shall be top hatted over expansion

joints, dampers, flanges, etc., with provision for travel without exposure or buckling at expansion joints.

4.5 Where insulation and lagging are applied separately, with insulation applied

directly against hot surfaces, the fasteners for insulation and lagging shall be independent, each of the other.

4.6 Lagging shall be applied with ribs or arches directed to present an overall

appearance which is well ordered and pleasing when viewing at the same time several lagged items. Corners shall be nested, lapped, and flashed so as to be permanently closed and weather tight. Laps shall be shingle fashion so as to shed water, and side laps, such as between sheets in a vertical lap in a vertical side shall be lapped in the direction away from driving rains prevailing in the area. Lagging on top surfaces shall be pitched both ways from a ridge 21-mm per meter (1/4 in. per ft) for drainage, and shall be supported at this pitch by suitable subframing on two foot intervals, on top of which 100 x 100-mm (4 x 4 in.) x 3/3 gauge mesh conforming to latest requirements of ASTM A 185 shall be laid and

P.O. Number : 7200018725

tack welded to subframing at each intersection therewith. Ridges shall be capped, flashed and sealed, and aluminium eaves and leaders discharging onto splash blocks at grade shall be installed under each roofed edge, of capacity to drain the area served under heavy seasonal rainfall for the vicinity. Leaders shall descend at support structures. All openings shall be flashed and counter flashed, and penetrations moving under the insulation with thermal expansion shall have flexible boots of suitable material to allow movements but to seal against water entry.

4.7 Fasteners for lagging shall be installed in such manner that expansion of hot plate

inside of insulation will not enlarge or loosen openings in lagging for fasteners. Spacing of fasteners along a line of fasteners shall be uniform, and shall be not over 300 mm (12 in.). Total fastener arrangement shall hold lagging securely in place, and prevent vibration in the wind. Where welding studs are the principal fasteners used, neoprene washers under cap nuts shall seal the stud holes in lagging, and there shall be solid backing at fasteners, such as the shoulders for the lagging on the studs made therefore. Welding to ASME Code vessels shall be performed only under conditions permissible under the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, and only where no linings have been applied which would be damaged by welding heat. All such welding to code vessels shall be carried out only after receipt of written approval from the manufacturer and the Purchaser.

4.8 Suitable moisture barrier either shall be factory applied to inner face of lagging, or

shall be field applied between insulation and insulation fasteners on the one side, and the lagging on the other, so as to isolate aluminium lagging from carbon steel fasteners and the insulation itself. Also, fasteners shall not present a corrosion problem either through contact between aluminium and carbon steel, or contact between stainless steel and insulation containing in excess of 25 ppm by weight of leachable soluble chloride.

4.9 For surfaces with external stiffeners or structural members, as with some ducts or

breeching, at each projecting member insulation shall be boxed out and over the stiffener or structural member, or other projection which may be involved, and aluminium lagging box section shall be made and installed with self-tapping sheet metal screws, No. 8x3/4 inch, pan head of 18-8 stainless steel on 2024T4 aluminium alloy, applied uniformly spaced on 75-mm (3 in.) centres.

4.10 Where insulation and lagging are called for to be installed outside of the projecting

members, a Z-bar grid outside of projecting members may be installed on both horizontal and vertical pattern, sized to have butted insulation joints over or at Z-bar surfaces, or 150 x 150-mm (6 x 6 in.) x 6/6 gauge road mesh conforming to latest revision of ATM A 185 may be installed on non walking surfaces, and 100 x 100-mm (4 x 4 in.) x 3/3 gauge mesh on walking surfaces, with top surfaces pitched for drainage and drainage installations made as in Section 4.6 hereof. Z-bars shall be welded to stiffeners or structural members projecting from the hot surface at all intersections therewith, or, where projections are not uniform, to steel furring equalizing the projection.

Mesh shall lie flat, parallel to faces of ducts, etc., without depressions, bulges or sags. Where mesh is to be welded to stiffeners or equalizing members, mesh first shall be pulled tight and held flat against stiffeners or equalizing members with "C" clamps or by tack welding at strategic points while the mesh is tight and true.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

Welding to faces of flanges or stiffeners, when stiffener arrangement so permits, shall be accomplished by running a continuous bead on both sides of the wire for a length of not less than 13-mm (1/2 in.). Over ends of standing legs of angle stiffeners or plate, weld length shall be the full thickness of angle leg or plate on both sides of the wire. Welding of mesh shall be on staggered pattern so as not to weaken or stretch the mesh while welding. Where a single piece of mesh bridges between only two stiffeners, alternate wires shall be welded to each stiffener so that small expansion differentials between duct, etc., and mesh, although both on hot side of the insulation, may be accommodated by springing mesh elastically, rather than by stretching wire or tearing welds. When more than two stiffeners are bridged, but not more than four, by a single piece of mesh, the same pattern as before shall be followed so that no wire of a single piece of mesh is welded to more than one stiffener, and, when more than four stiffeners are bridged by a single piece, with a repeating pattern of weld one and skip three at each stiffener, wires shall be selectively cut at one point midway between welds where to welds would occur along a single wire. Where both transverse and longitudinal stiffeners occur for any reason, welding attachment shall be made only to the transverse stiffeners. Edges of pieces of mesh along length of duct, etc., shall occur over stiffeners, and where edges of two pieces occur over the same stiffener, matching wires shall be welded. At intersecting corners formed by mesh on adjacent faces, no bending of mesh around corners will be required, and no welding between mesh wires of the adjacent faces will be required. Wires at corners shall be cut to form, in effect, butted faces following the corner contours of ducts, breeching, etc., however, if wires at corners tend to not remain in a plane parallel to the surface, mesh shall be wired to the mesh from the adjacent face to form a rigid and true corner over which the insulation may be placed. Over expansion joints in ducts, or breeching, no mesh continuity shall exist which will prevent expansion joint action. At expansion joints mesh shall be bent neatly to form true, square corners against which insulation may be secured.

Welding to ASME Code vessels shall be performed only under conditions permissible under the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, and only where no linings have been applied which would be damaged by welding heat. All such welding to code vessels shall be performed only after receipt of written approval from the Manufacturer and MARAFIQ.

4.11 With support for insulation, whether Z-bars or mesh, and the insulation itself

spaced from the hot metal plate surfaces, flue breaks shall be installed at approximately 1.2 meter (4 ft) intervals, and with no interval over 1.5 meters (5 ft). Flue breaks will be required only in vertical or nearly vertical chases where stack action would be a factor.

4.12 Separately applied insulation and lagging shall have each piece of insulation wired

securely to Z-bars or to welded wire mesh by diagonal wiring in cross or diamond pattern, using 2.0-mm minimum diameter (No. 14 gauge) stainless steel wire. Insulation as secured shall have tightly butted joints with no voids requiring pointing with insulating cement. Over expansion joints, insulation shall be boxed, compressed mineral wool shall be inserted or otherwise shall be arranged in satisfactory manner to allow expansion movements of ducts, precipitators or breeching without damage to insulation while maintaining full insulating value.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

4.13 Lagging requirements specified in Sections 3.5 through 3.8 hereof, for lagging applied over heat insulation laid directly against hot plate surfaces shall apply fully to lagging applied hereunder outside of insulation not laid directly against the hot plate surfaces.

5.0 INSULATION APPLICATION-PIPING 5.1 All pipes shall be covered with sectional preformed, moulded or milled insulating

materials furnished in standard unit lengths and shall follow standards of workmanship and installation requirements as specified in Sections 2.9 and 2.10 of this Exhibit.

5.2 Segmental mitered block shall not be used except where the sizes in the sectional

preformed, moulded or milled material are not available. Block cutting and mitering generally shall follow standards of workmanship delineated in reference named in Paragraph Section 2.10 of this Exhibit, which is hereby made a part of this Exhibit, with the intent of requiring Contractor to provide well butted joints not requiring pointing to attain continuity of the insulation. To the extent that full compliance with the requirement is not attainable as a practical matter, joints in mitered block may be pointed with plastic insulation to full depth of crevices for each layer, subject to prior approval of MARAFIQ.

5.3 If insulation is more than one layer, joints shall be staggered. The complete

insulation surface shall be trued in shape, and smoothed, preparatory to application of protective covering. Protective covering shall be metallic jacket with built-in vapour barrier, no plastic insulation or hard finish cement application will be required over block except as necessary to provide a smooth finish.

5.4 Between expansion joints in the insulation and its protective covering, insulation

shall act as a unit, as though a single piece, and with thermal expansions and contractions of pipe as temperature is raised and lowered, the pipe shall be able to move within the insulation relative to the insulation without breaking, buckling or otherwise damaging insulation and its protective covering. Acting as a unit between expansion joints, gaps shall not be able to open up within a unit with thermal changes, and the effect of shrinkage of materials by the percentages accepted for materials shall be distributed and the effect minimized within a unit. To maintain insulation as a unit between expansion joints, where manufacturing tolerances permit, the two halves of the conventional insulation of preformed, moulded or milled type enveloping the pipe shall have end joints staggered between expansion joints so that one half length of piece will be required on one half of the pipe to even out the unit at each end of the unit at expansion joints, with the intended consequences that normal banding of insulation will tend to lock the insulation pieces into a unit.

5.5 In application of insulation, both the longitudinal and circumferential joints shall be

butted firmly to the adjoining sections within the unit between expansion joints. No pieces with broken edges or corners, or with other defects, shall be used in the work. Where insulation with factory-attached jacket is used, care shall be exercised to be sure that no open joints between insulation pieces as installed are concealed by the jacket. Where double layer construction is specified, the longitudinal and circumferential joints in the two layers shall not coincide. Conventional insulation shall be secured by means of not less than three monel

P.O. Number : 7200018725

bands per 0.91-meter (3 ft) long section of insulation, with one band near the middle, and one band near each end. Shorter lengths, such as at interface with expansion joints, also shall have not less than three bands per piece for lengths in excess of 460-mm (18 in.), and not less than two bands per piece for pieces 460-mm (18 in.) and under. If the material being secured is in lengths longer than the standard 0.91-meter (3 ft) pipe section length, additional bands shall be used so that band spacing remains approximately 460-mm (18 in.) banding, except at removable sections of insulation and protective covering shall be applied with standard banding tool.

At removable sections over welds requiring inspection access, banding shall be secured by buckle or latching type of fastener which will lie flat, and which will allow speedy non-destructive removal of insulation. The banding itself need not be reusable, but its removal shall be able to be accomplished without damage to insulation. For multiple layer insulation, it shall be considered that each layer shall be banded. Wire ties shall be used instead of banding only where banding cannot be used, and if banding seal of inner layer of double layer insulation will prevent application of the normal outer layer, the specified wire ties may be used for the inner layer. Where wire ties are used, each layer of insulating material shall be secured in place with three loops of stainless steel wire, using 1.6-mm minimum diameter (No. 16 gauge). Irrespective of any of the foregoing, at all times wires shall be approximately uniformly spaced with a minimum of three tie loops per insulation section or piece until cut pieces are 460-mm (18 in.) or less in length, for which a minimum of two loops shall be used. The twisted ends of wire loops shall be bent flush with the surface of the insulation for each layer of insulation.

5.6 One of the necessary consequences of the requirements of Section 5.4 of this

Exhibit is that insulation between expansion joints shall act as a unit as though a single piece, and that there will tend to be fixed positions where piping cannot move within the insulation relative to the insulation, such as at valves, ells, and other fittings, with one or more expansion joints for accommodating thermal expansions in between the fixed positions. On vertical pipe runs, fixed positions shall occur also at collars or lugs supporting insulation at intervals, with expansion joints immediately below supports, as well as at the aforementioned valves, ells, and other fittings. As the expansion joints tend to open between unit-like sections of insulation between expansion joints are pipe expansion occurs with temperature increase, a pre-compressed, flexible and resilient insulating fill in the joints shall be used which will expand to take up the increase in expansion joint length and maintain adequate insulating value at joints. The expansion joint filler material shall be a resilient mineral wool, glass or refractory, or other suitable type insulation of proper temperature rating, compressed initially by not less than the amount of joint will open in reaching maximum temperature. In general, at least one expansion joint shall occur between any two fixed positions; however, where fixed positions occur in succession due to consecutive valves or fittings in a run without any intervening pipe lengths, no expansion joints shall be required within the succession of fixed positions, except as the Contractor may determine are necessary.

5.7 The length of expansion joint in the cold position shall depend upon the resilience

of the insulating material used as fill in the joint.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

5.8 At expansion joints in insulation, an aluminium or stainless steel shield of the specified type of jacketing material with vapour barrier, shall cover the expansion joint insulation fill as a retainer, shall lap not less than 51 mm (2 in.) beyond the expansion joint on both sides thereof, and shall be banded securely with not less than the expansion joint, with free end on the other side of the joint riding in a telescoping action non-destructively over a fixed piece of the same material banded as a shoe on the other side of the joint.

5.9 The jacketing over expansion joints in insulation also shall be able to slide non-

destructively in a telescoping action over the adjacent jacketing, with orientation of laps always selected so as to best shed water.

5.10 If glass fibre or mineral wool blanket insulation, or other material offering similar

installation problems, is used on piping, it shall be banded to cylindrical surfaces in accordance with Section 3.6 of this Exhibit. All terminal butt ends of insulation shall be sealed and weatherproofed to prevent water and moisture from entering insulation. Butt joints between sections of mesh or lath-backed insulation shall have edges held together by lacing of 1.6-mm minimum diameter (No. 16 gauge) wire of specified material. All equipment surfaces shall be covered with metal jacket and the covering joined to that of the connecting piping, either to act as a single unit with it or in a provision for expansion, as may be provided. If metallic jackets do not or will not hold true form on the backing provided alone by blanket or flexible mat type of insulation, wire mesh reinforced plastic insulation and/or mesh reinforced hard finish cement shall be applied to provide the suitable backup.

5.11 On vertical runs of pipe, at intervals not in excess of 4.6 meters (15 ft) for all pipe

temperatures and all classes of insulation, a suitable type of clamp type collar support shall be installed for insulation. The supports may take the form of, but shall not necessarily be limited to, split ring stainless steel clamps of 3.6mm minimum diameter (No. 10 gauge) or heavier, which shall be adequate to carry the insulation between clamps. Since each clamp becomes a fixed position regarding pipe expansion relative to insulation, expansion joints in the insulation shall be provided below each support.

Said insulation supports and expansion joints also shall be worked out so that action at pipe support is taken into consideration. No welded attachments shall be made for supporting insulation except under code compliance conditions and as previously specified. Irrespective of type support, it shall be made of stainless steel, and its outward projection shall not extend to contact the inner surface of vapour barrier and jacketing.

5.12 Pipe hangers, clamps and supports, where in direct contact with piping and equipment subject to heat transfer conditions shall be insulated with the same thickness of insulation as on the pipe. The insulation shall continue at full thickness without interruption from pipe over said clamps and supports to extend with same thickness of insulation up hanger rods for a distance of not less than four times the thickness of the pipe insulation, and shall be properly sealed off at the terminal points.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

5.13 Supplementing, but not amending provisions of Sections 5.1, 5.2, and 5.10 of this Exhibit, the bodies and bonnets of valves, and the bodies of fittings, etc., shall be insulated in one of the following ways:

a) By preformed, moulded or milled to shape insulation or by block insulation. b) By mineral wool or fibreglass blanket of acceptable properties.

5.14 Under item a. of Section 5.13 of this Exhibit where valves, fittings, etc., 63-mm (2.5

in.) and over in nominal diameter shall be covered by preformed, moulded or milled to shape insulation or by block, the insulation will be factory-shaped insulation made to fit the valve, fitting, etc., where available and available in required sizes, or shall be shop fabricated in the manner described and shown in the reference in Section 2.10 herein, which in the case of valves, will allow where practicable using oversized preformed, moulded or milled pipe insulation, fitted to cover valve body and bonnet, with intersecting cylindrical sections contoured to fit and to provide complete closure without plastic insulation or other fill. Only where the foregoing cannot be applicable for valves and valve bonnets shall mitered gores of preformed, moulded or milled pipe insulation or flat block be used to insulate valves, in which case, the fitting of insulation shall meet standards in reference in Section 2.10 herein.

Where radially mitered gores are used, insulation initially shall be slightly oversized, and shall have pieces cut to fit the surface to be covered so that, when joined, the high corners of edges may and shall be rounded off to a uniform outer radial surface which will permit proper fitting of metal covers or other jacketing over the insulation. The oversize shall be finally worked in so that insulation is against solid backing with joints tightly butted for full depth of joint, closed without plastic insulation or other fill. Fixed positions regarding piping expansion relative to insulation are inherently present at valves, bends, fittings, etc., and if the manner of covering said valve, bend, fitting, etc., is such that it is not locked to the adjacent pipe insulation in such manner so as to act as a single piece of insulation, with pipe expansion of straight lengths therefore able to move within the pipe insulation to the next adjacent expansion joints in both directions, expansion joints shall be located adjacent to the valve, bend, fitting, etc., on both sides thereof. In any event, the construction of insulation over the valve, bent, fitting, etc., shall within itself be joined together to act as a unit as though a single piece (excepting intentionally removable sections for pulling internals, as hereinafter specified), and banding strap or tie wires as may be considered necessary shall be used in sufficient quantity and in such manner and location as to hold insulation securely to the shape being covered.

5.15 Under item a. of Section 5.13 of this Exhibit where valves, fitting, etc., are under

63-mm (2.5 in.) in nominal diameter, they shall have moulded plastic insulation applied. It shall be built up in layers to an insulating equivalent of the adjacent pipe insulation. Successive layers of plastic insulation shall be not in excess of 12.5-mm (1/2-in.) in thickness, and each layer shall be scratched, scored or otherwise roughened, and allowed to dry before application of a succeeding layer. The innermost layer of insulation shall be reinforced with 25-mm (1 in.) mesh to reinforce and anchor the plastic insulation. Over the plastic insulation, hard finish cement shall be applied in two coats to approximately 13-mm (½ in.) total thickness and towelled to a smooth finish, with edges feathered to meet covering on adjacent pipe. Hard finish cement, wherever used, shall be applied in two

P.O. Number : 7200018725

coats, with first coat anchoring to mesh or fabric, and with second coat doubling back to bring surfaces out smooth and true.

The aforementioned mesh shall be a layer of 25-mm (1 in.) mesh applied over the plastic insulation as a base for the hard finish cement. Where heat-resistant cloth covering is required, the final coat of finish cement shall be dry and scratched or scored to promote bond, lagging adhesive shall be applied embedded in a layer of presized cloth covering, overlapping all seams 51-mm (2 in.) and finish with a second coat of lagging adhesive.

5.16 Under the foregoing applications of Section 5.14 and 5.15 herein, whether of block

or plastic insulations, cleavage lines in insulating layers and in reinforcement for plastic insulation shall be provided to accommodate the need to be able to withdraw removable elements with minimum destruction to insulation and its overlaying protective covering. Pressure seal valve bonnets shall be insulated so that bonnet bolting is accessible upon removal of the necessary removable portion of insulation. Insulation as applied in general to valves, strainers and specialties, where possible pulling of members for service or replacement will be required, shall be arranged so as to be able to be lifted without damage to the remaining portion, and so that the lifted portion may be restored with facility. Specifically, on valves, any flanges including bonnet flanges shall have covering non-destructively removable and replaceable. The jacketing or protective covering outside of the insulation also shall be planned and made so that corresponding portions may be lifted without damage either to the removed portion or to that left in place, and so that the removed portion later may be replaced in satisfactory manner. As previously indicated, valved bonnets shall be insulated either by factory-shaped insulation or by shop-fabricated insulation. Bonnet half sections of pipe insulation or factory-formed members or the block segments as shop-fabricated shall be secured by not less than four monel bands or four loops of 1.6-mm minimum (No. 16 gauge) stainless steel tie wire of the specified materials. Bonnet insulation shall be contoured to fit snugly against insulation on valve body without voids or crevices, and without plastic insulation, fill-or insulating cement. Insulation shall be cut to fit around the top of the valve bonnet, and secured with staples or by other approved means. All surfaces shall be true.

5.17 Under conditions of Section 5.13.a. of this Exhibit where preformed, moulded or

milled pipe insulation or block insulation is used to insulate valves and fittings, at flanged joints, the insulation shall be tapered off at an angle of approximately 45 degrees on both sides of the joint for a length sufficient to permit removing flange bolts without damage to covering.

Flanges shall be covered with preformed moulded or milled half sections of pipe insulation of appropriately larger nominal pipe sizes to fit flange OD's, or with block quarter sections or mitered segmental block, in descending order of choice which shall be made. In any case, insulation shall be of same effective thickness as that of the adjoining pipe insulation, except that on flanges 1500 mm (6 in.) and over in nominal pipe size, block thickness may be 13-mm (1/2 in.) less than that on the adjoining pipe to allow for application of a mesh-reinforced hard finish cement of 13-mm (1/2 in.) thickness. Diameter and length across flanges shall be uniform for any pipe size and insulation class, and block shall overlap adjacent pipe insulation by the thickness of the pipe insulation, but by not less than 51-mm (2 in.). Peripheral block shall be held in place with a minimum of two stainless steel bands

P.O. Number : 7200018725

applied with banding tool or with a minimum of two loops of 1.6-mm minimum diameter (No. 16 gauge) tie wire of the specified material. Filler rings of full insulation thickness in length, but not less than 51 mm (2 in.), shall be provided to fill any annular space between overlapping flange insulation and pipe insulation and to insure good bearing on the pipe insulation and on the periphery of the flanges. As previously specified regarding valves, insulation as applied to all flanges shall be applied so as to be able to be lifted without damage to the remaining portion, and so that the lifted portion may be restored with facility. Flange covering fabrication shall meet standards given in reference in Section 2.10 of this Exhibit, and shall provide full insulation with tightly butted joints without pointing with plastic insulation. Filler rings between peripheral insulation over flanges and exterior of insulation as tapered on pipe adjacent to flanges may be of rigid block, or may be made of a more flexible material, such as mineral wool or glass fibre or blanket. Covering over flanges shall be of a design which will permit the flanges and bolts to heat up quickly and uniformly, and to be maintained at a temperature as nearly as possible the same as the pipe.

5.18 Flanges in no case for any type of insulating cover shall be permanently covered

until the piping in which they are located has been tested and made tight. 5.18.1 Blinded flanges and line flange pairs shall be insulated the same as required for

the adjacent piping. 5.18.2 Flanges with line temperatures 316oC (600oF) and over shall be provided with

temporary covers for testing in order to avoid excessive temperature differences in the flange and the flange bolts.

5.19 Bucket and thermostatic steam traps shall not be insulated. Piping upstream from

traps, except thermostatic, shall be insulated for heat conservation, piping downstream shall be insulated for personnel protection unless otherwise specified on the piping drawings. In the case of thermostatic traps, a minimum of 0.91 meters (3 ft) of piping upstream from the trap shall be left uninsulated.

5.20 All valve bodies, except control and relief valves, shall be insulated to full specified

thickness through the bonnet. Control valve bodies only shall be insulated. Adequate operating clearances shall be provided for control mechanisms. Relief valves shall not be insulated. Liquid level controllers shall be insulated with pipe insulation. Gauge column piping shall be insulated with pipe insulation so as to leave gauge glass unobstructed and visible.

5.21 On straight pipe, the metallic jacketing material, with factory attached moisture

barrier, shall be cut to size and shall be machine rolled to fit the curvature of the OD of the insulation. Jacket shall be pulled snugly over the covering by means of machine stretched monel bands, and permanent means of retention installed. On 0.51-mm (.020 in.) material, if used, permanent monel bands applied with banding tool shall be applied over 76-mm (3 in.) circumferential laps between pieces of jacketing, with intermediate permanent bands applied so that banding occurs as uniformly spaced as possible under these conditions on approximately 300-mm (12 in.) spacing. Longitudinal laps shall be 51-mm (2 in.) on 0.51-mm (.020 in.) material, if used, banding in the same manner shall be performed if designated and both 76-mm (3 in.) circumferential laps and 51-mm (2 in.) longitudinal laps shall be secured by sheet metal screws or pop rivets uniformly spaced in line on

P.O. Number : 7200018725

76-mm (3 in.) maximum spacing. Except where removability is required, either on account of inspection requirements, or for access for servicing adjacent installations, rivets shall be used. After permanent means of retention are installed, temporary bands shall be removed. Laps shall, in general be located and in a direction so as to shed water, with longitudinal laps approximately 45 degrees below horizontal centreline, and away from line of vision. Circumferential laps in other than horizontal pipe shall lap downward to shed water.

If so designated in Section 3.4 hereof, all laps and sheet metal screws except in sections required to be removable shall be sealed with 3-mm (1/8 in.) minimum bead of silicone rubber sealant. Where jacketing is factory-applied, no screws or rivets will be required, but interlocking and banding shall follow manufacturer's recommendations. At junction of or with small piping, the jacketing of one shall lap that of the other in a direction so as to shed water, and junctions or joints not so oriented shall be sealed with the aforementioned silicone rubber sealant.

5.22 Along bends or long radius ells where lap requirements for metallic jacketing

generally can be met, and where two-piece die-formed elbows are not available, the metallic jacketing shall be mitered to fit the radius of the bend or ell. Where lap requirements cannot be met, suitable matching shop fabrications preferably shall be used. Where satisfactory shop fabrication has not been available, built-in sections shall be used without the required lap, where one edge of jacketing shall be rimped for 180 degrees of circumference on the outside of the bend or ell so that the jacket edge will fit closely to the insulation. The other edge shall have a 3-mm (1/8 in.) beaded edge so that it will fit snugly against the metal it overlaps. Segments shall be applied with machine stretched band, and secured with two of the specified fasteners on opposite edges of the segment. The band shall be removed only after the strip is secured in place. The edge shall overlap the crimped edge to form a neat and workmanlike job.

5.23 On fittings, flanges and valves, etc., where prefabricated matching metallic jackets

can be obtained, no mitered ells or enclosures will be permitted, and the prefabricated matching members, with built-in moisture barriers, shall be obtained. If lack of matching finish is the only factor preventing use of commercially available prefabricated units, use of non matching units in a neat overall installation shall be considered. Where such members are not commercially available, shop-fabricated coverings, specially made, and neatly soldered or welded to minimize water leakage will be the general requirement. Field-mitered strips, joined in the same manner as specified in Section 5.22, shall be resorted to only where neither of the other two means can be realized.

5.24 Metallic jacketing at fittings, flanges and valves, etc., shall lap that of the adjacent

pipe sections, with laps arranged for best shedding water. 5.25 At pipe supports, metallic jacketing shall lap bearing block giving actual support to

pipe from hanger in such manner as to shed water, with drips formed at edges of lapped lagging.

5.26 Screw fastenings and rivets, if used on metallic enclosures for valves, fittings, etc.,

shall be spaced on 76-mm (3 in.) spacing.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

5.27 Each section of aluminium jacket on vertical equipment shell and pipe shall be supported from the next lower section with "S" clips, so as to prevent slipping. "S" clips shall be field fabricated from 19-mm (3/4 in.) wide monel bands and equally space on 460-mm (18 in.) maximum centres, but not less than two per section.

5.28 Aluminium jacket applied over anti-sweat and freeze protection insulation shall be

secured only with monel bands spaced on 300-mm (12 in.) centres. Screws shall not be used under any circumstances.

5.29 All bands applied to hold metallic jacketing in place on vertical and inclined piping

or equipment surfaces shall be secured from slipping out of place by screws, rivets or mechanical clamp type collars, or by other approved means in addition to the friction grip resulting from band initial draw-up tension.

5.30 Metallic jacketing on equipment shall be fabricated and applied in accordance with

general principles specified for jacketing on pipe, valves, fittings, etc. 5.31 The jacketing over flanges shall be same as generally used on other fittings for the

piping systems, and shall be non-destructively removable for access where metal jacket is used.

5.32 Where either field-fabricated aluminium or stainless steel jacketing or shop-

fabricated aluminium or stainless steel covers will be applied over valves, flanges, fittings, etc. insulated either with block or with flexible mat insulation laced or otherwise securely held in position so as to have no open joints and no bulges, no applications of plastic insulation or of hard finish cement will be required.

6.0 INSULATION APPLICATION -SWEAT PROTECTED PIPING SYSTEMS 6.1 The work specified in this Section consists of work necessary to prevent

condensation from forming on piping and equipment. 6.2 Low temperature anti-sweat insulation for piping will be moulded semi-cylindrical

pipe covering composed of fibreglass wool resin and forced in two half cylinders. Insulation will be complete with a factory-applied, fire retardant vapour barrier jacket, white exterior surface. Strips, 100-mm (4 in.) wide, will be furnished for butt joints.

6.3 Insulation for valves and fittings will be pre-moulded fabricated fittings. 6.4 Insulation for equipment will be either inorganic rigid to semi-rigid glass fibre

boards or flexible fibreglass blanket and will have same physical properties as pipe covering.

6.5 Anti-sweat applications using fibreglass insulation shall be made using the

principal material specified in Section 5. Before application of fibreglass anti-sweat applications, all surfaces except stainless steel, brass, and copper shall have an intact coating of chromate type. Stainless steel surfaces shall have the previously specified silicone coating. Pipe shall be insulated with preformed half-pipe sections. Insulation shall be applied in staggered position with all joints tightly butted and secured with specified strips in sufficient tension to hold insulation securely together and in place. Where more than one layer of fibreglass is

P.O. Number : 7200018725

specified, it shall be applied in the same manner as the first layer, with side and end joints staggered over joints of preceding layer so that no two joints coincide.

6.6 It is essential that the integrity of vapour barriers be maintained. Staples are

prohibited for securing vapour barrier insulation, as are any other devices or fasteners that may penetrate or otherwise damage the vapour barrier. Insulation shall be continuous and shall be carefully fitted with side and end joints butted tightly and staggered. Valves, fittings, flanges, strainers and other accessories shall have the same thickness of insulation as the piping; insulation for these items shall be moulded or fabricated. Valve bonnets shall be insulated up to the packing gland. Flanges on lines shall not be insulated until the system has been tested and proved satisfactory under operating conditions.

6.7 Where it is impractical to use fibreglass insulation, suitable and approved

substations may be made, some of which may be in line with the following:

a) On fittings or valves, mineral wool or glass mat or block insulation may be used only if the installation methods are adhered to as specified in Sections 2.0 and 5.0 of this Exhibit and the integrity of vapour barriers is maintained.

b) On equipment, mineral wool or glass mat or block insulation may be used

only if the installation methods are adhered to as specified in Sections 2.0 and 3.0 hereof and the integrity of vapour barriers is maintained.

6.8 The substitute means of insulation shall be built out in thickness to provide

insulating value not less than that provided by the fibreglass insulation and dimensionally not below the level of the adjoining fibreglass. The substitute means of insulation shall be tailored to meet and join the adjoining fibreglass insulation and shall be secured in place in the manner generally specified in Sections 3.0 and 5.0 hereof where irregular shapes are covered with flexible insulation.

6.9 The lagging finish over insulation added to outer surfaces on account of sweat

protection shall comply with standards established in Sections 2.0 and 5.0 hereof. 6.10 Install saddles for anti-sweat piping at each support, comprising of pre-

compressed heavy density fibrous glass or calcium silicate, with vapour barrier between piping and saddles same thickness as the insulation required, and extending the full length of the saddle. Lap to adjoining insulation and apply joint sealer. Saddles will be galvanized steel, 28-mm (12 gauge) minimum thickness, and shall have a minimum length of 230-mm (9 in.) for piping below 51-mm (2 in.), 2.8-mm (No. 12 gauge) minimum thickness, minimum length of 300-mm ( 12 in.) for piping above 51-mm (2 in.) and saddle segment shall cover lower surface insulation 180 degrees. It is essential that the integrity of vapour barriers are maintained.

7.0 INSULATION APPLICATION -DUCTWORK

Ducts located in air conditioned areas which they serve shall be un-insulated. All other air conditioning ducts shall be insulated externally as follows:

P.O. Number : 7200018725

7.1 Exposed Ducts

Application: Insulation shall be applied to duct by impaling over insulation pins. Pins shall be welded to duct at a rate of one pin per square meter. Pins shall be placed adjoining insulation joints. Speed clips shall be pushed over pins and firmly pressed into the insulation. The excess pin length shall be clipped off close to the clip.

Finish: Insulation shall have a factory-applied vapour barrier of foil-scrim-kraft, Johns-Manville FSK, or approved equal.

All joints and other openings shall be sealed with 76-mm (3 in.) wide strips of the vapour barrier embedded in vapour barrier adhesive.

Galvanized corner beads shall be applied to all corners and finished with a 3ply application of lagging adhesive, 20 x 20 glass fabric and lagging adhesive.

7.2 Concealed Ducts

Application: Insulation shall be secured with 100-mm (4 in.) wide bands of adhesive on 300-mm (12 in.) centres, and 16 gauge copper-clad wire on 460mm (18 in.) centres. Joints shall be sealed by adhering a 51-mm (2 in.) sealing lap or 76-mm (3 in.) strips of the vapour barrier facing applied with vapour barrier adhesive. On horizontal ducts over 610-mm (24 in.) wide, welded pins and clips shall be used on the underside of 460-mm (18 in.) centres.

7.3 Before insulation is applied, all pressure tests shall have been performed and all

surfaces to be insulated shall be cleaned and dried. Insulation and auxiliaries cement and coatings shall not be applied when the ambient temperature is below 5oC (40oF.). All metal fasteners shall be made of corrosion-resistant materials.

7.4 All workmanship shall be consistent with the best practices of the trade and all

applications of material shall comply with the material manufacturer's recommended procedures. Insulation shall be applied only by personnel skilled and experienced in insulation work.

7.5 It is essential that the integrity of vapour barriers be maintained. Staples are

prohibited for securing vapour barrier insulation, as are any other devices or fasteners that may penetrate or otherwise damage the vapour barrier. Insulation shall be continuous and shall be carefully fitted with side and end joints butted tightly and staggered.

7.6 Where thickness of duct insulation called for in schedule is less than height of

flanged joints or stiffeners on ductwork, thickness of insulation shall be increased to provide at least 6-mm (1/4 in.) thick coverage over these members so that insulation facing shall be smooth and continuous. Densities specified are nominal densities. Provide a 300-mm (12 in.) overlap between internal acoustic insulation and externally applied thermal insulation. Duct linings shall be interrupted for 0.61-m (2 ft) upstream and downstream of electric heating coils, fire dampers or duct mounted fire doors.

P.O. Number : 7200018725

7.7 Access doors in insulated duct work shall have insulation equivalent to that on adjacent sections and shall be protected by sheet metal facing or double thickness door construction.

7.8 Makeshift Insulation: All ducts and equipment shall be installed to permit the

proper installation of the materials specified. Makeshift patching or filling with hose-driven or blown insulation, because of lack of space, will not be permitted. Insulation shall be continuous through sleeves. Flaps on jacket of insulation shall be completely cemented down for full area. Insulation secured with loose flaps and beaded cement seams is not acceptable.

7.9 Vapour Barriers: All openings, joints, laps and end strips shall be sealed against

moisture penetration with fire-retardant vapour barrier cement. All insulation concealed from view shall be further secured with at least two monel metal bands per section. Bands shall be omitted under presized glass cloth.

P.O. Number : 7200018725