Existing Ecological Conditions: Maplewood Marine Restoration … · CHANNN(EELW) MAPLEWO O D FLATS MAPLEWO O FLA TS CO NSER VAOTI AR EA T Noest Socures Proposed Habitat Enhancements

Existing Ecological Conditions:

Maplewood Marine Restoration Project Prepared for: Vancouver Fraser Port Authority 100 The Pointe, 999 Canada Place Vancouver, BC V6C 3T4 Prepared by: Hemmera Envirochem Inc. 18th Floor, 4730 Kingsway Burnaby, BC V5H 0C6 July 2018

Vancouver Fraser Port Authority Hemmera MMRP – Existing Ecological Conditions - i - July 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 PROJECT RATIONALE ............................................................................................................. 2

2.0 PROJECT LOCATION .................................................................................................................... 3

3.0 HABITAT ENHANCEMENT PROJECT .......................................................................................... 6

3.1 SITE HISTORY ....................................................................................................................... 6

3.2 PROPOSED WORKS ............................................................................................................... 7

4.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................. 10

5.0 EXISTING BIOPHYSICAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 12

5.1 BIOGEOCLIMATIC DESCRIPTION OF SITE ............................................................................... 12

5.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................... 13

5.3 MARINE VEGETATION .......................................................................................................... 15

5.4 FISH AND MARINE INVERTEBRATES....................................................................................... 16

5.4.1 Fish Species ......................................................................................................... 16

5.4.2 Marine Invertebrate Species ................................................................................ 19

5.5 WILDLIFE ............................................................................................................................ 19

6.0 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 27

7.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 28

List of Tables

Table 5-1 Listed Fish Species with the Potential to Occur Near the Project Site (B.C. Ministry of

Environment 2013) ............................................................................................................ 18

Table 5-2 Wildlife Species Observed at the Maplewood Conservation Area that may Utilize Areas the

Adjacent to the Project Site (WBT 2014a) ........................................................................ 20

Table 5-3 Listed Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur at the Project Site ................................... 22

Vancouver Fraser Port Authority Hemmera MMRP – Existing Ecological Conditions - ii - July 2018

List of Figures

Figure 2-1 Maplewood Marine Restoration Project Site ....................................................................... 4

Figure 2-2 Proposed Habitat Enhancements for the Maplewood Marine Restoration Project ............ 5

Figure 3-1 Maplewood Conservation Area in Relation to the Maplewood Marine Restoration Site .... 7

Figure 3-2 Artist’s Illustration Showing Proposed Enhanced Habitats for the Maplewood Marine

Restoration Project.............................................................................................................. 9

Figure 5-1 Biogeoclimatic Subzones of the Project Site and Surrounding Metro Vancouver Areas . 12

Figure 5-2 Mapped Substrate of the Intertidal Habitat Surrounding the Project Site (CMN 2010) .... 14

Figure 5-3 Marine Vegetation at the Project Site and Adjacent Intertidal Flats (CMN 2010) ............. 15

List of Appendices

Appendix A Aerial Photography Review

Appendix B Balanced Biophysical Survey Report

Appendix C Bird Use Studies

Vancouver Fraser Port Authority Hemmera MMRP – Existing Ecological Conditions - 1 - July 2018

This Work was performed in accordance with the Contract for Environmental Advisory Services for Phase

2 of the Habitat Enhancement Program (Contract Number 81303) between Hemmera Envirochem Inc. and

Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, dated July 1, 2015 (“Contract”). This Report has been prepared by

Hemmera, based on fieldwork conducted by Hemmera, for sole benefit and use by the Vancouver Fraser

Port Authority. In performing this Work, Hemmera has relied in good faith on information provided by others,

and has assumed that the information provided by those individuals is both complete and accurate. This

Work was performed to current industry standard practice for similar environmental work, within the relevant

jurisdiction and same locale. The findings presented herein should be considered within the context of the

scope of work and project terms of reference; further, the findings are time sensitive and are considered

valid only at the time the Report was produced. The conclusions and recommendations contained in this

Report are based upon the applicable guidelines, regulations, and legislation existing at the time the Report

was produced; any changes in the regulatory regime may alter the conclusions and/or recommendations.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The Maplewood Marine Restoration Project (MMRP, or the “Project”) is a habitat enhancement project

proposed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority (VFPA) Habitat Enhancement Program (HEP). HEP is a

VFPA program whose goal is to balance a healthy environment with infrastructure development

opportunities. HEP creates and enhances fish and wildlife habitat for habitat banking purposes, use as

offsetting for port infrastructure projects, or a combination of both. The Project lies within VFPA jurisdiction

on the north shore of Burrard Inlet, approximately two kilometres east of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge

(Figure 2-1).

The Project is located within a manmade marine tidal basin (the Northeast Basin; Figure 2-2), and an

intertidal area to the south of the Maplewood Basin (the Southern Intertidal Area; Figure 2-2). The

Maplewood Basin consists of the previously dredged area of Maplewood Flats, encompassing the

Northeast Basin and Main Basin. The Maplewood Basin was dredged in the 1940s to support gravel

extraction and was later used as a log storage facility. The Project is anticipated to enhance approximately

seven hectares of generally low-value marine habitat into higher-value marine habitat for fish, birds, and

other wildlife. Proposed habitat enhancements include a tidal channel, subtidal rock reef habitat, eelgrass

habitat, and intertidal flat habitat (Figure 2-2).

The objective of this report is to document the existing ecological conditions and potential species use of

the Project site. Existing ecological conditions and potential species use will be used to inform the Project

design and construction mitigation at the Project site.


1.1 PROJECT RATIONALE

As part of the HEP, VFPA is applying a landscape approach to identify potential sites where the productivity

of fish habitat can be increased, existing habitat can be enhanced, or degraded habitat can be restored to

benefit fish and wildlife species.

The Project is located within the “Fraser Estuary, Boundary Bay, Burrard Inlet, Fraser and North Arms”

Geographic Service Area (GSA). Site selection was based on factors including need, habitat productivity,

site location, feasibility and cost, sustainable habitat creation, ownership and tenure, and consideration

towards Aboriginal groups and communities.

VFPA is proposing to use MMRP as a fisheries habitat offsetting site for the proposed Centerm Expansion

Project (CEP) in Vancouver Harbour. In developing MMRP, a surplus of enhanced habitat will be created,

in excess of the requirements anticipated to offset the CEP residual serious harm to fish. This additional

habitat is being proposed for deposit into VFPA’s Habitat Bank. Habitat proposed for deposit into VFPA’s

Habitat Bank will be deposited in accordance with the 2012 working agreement between VFPA and

Fisheries and Oceans Canada entitled “Working Agreement Concerning Procedures for Development and

Operation of the Port Metro Vancouver Habitat Bank”. As part of the overall Project objectives, all habitats

created by the Project have been designed to synergistically provide broad fish habitat benefits within the

Maplewood Basin.

The Project is located within the Central Harbour of Burrard Inlet. Burrard Inlet shorelines (including Port

Moody Arm, Indian Arm, Central Harbour, Inner Harbour, False Creek and Outer Harbour) were assessed

on behalf of the Burrard Inlet Environmental Action Program (BIEAP) in 2009 (Stantec 2009). The

assessment report recommended that habitat enhancement projects focus on areas with the greatest

potential value for important marine organisms including migrating salmon and waterfowl. In particular, the

Central Harbour section of Burrard Inlet was highlighted as an area where enhancements would provide

high potential to contribute to juvenile salmon survival (Stantec 2009).

Prior to development and dredging in the area, Maplewood Flats was reported to support significant

eelgrass and kelp bed habitats (KWL 2017). It was also an important shellfish harvesting site for Aboriginal

groups (KWL 2017). Creation of high value intertidal and shallow subtidal fish and wildlife habitats with this

Project are anticipated to improve the overall productivity of the Central Harbour and Burrard Inlet, and

provide high-quality habitat for a variety of fish, bird and wildlife species.


2.0 PROJECT LOCATION

The Project site is located on the north shore of Burrard Inlet, in the Central Harbour, approximately two

kilometres east of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge (Figure 2-1). The Project site is within VFPA’s

jurisdiction, immediately south of the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area, which is leased to Environment

and Climate Change Canada and managed by the Wild Bird Trust of British Columbia.

The Project site consists of two distinct areas: the Northeast Basin area, centered at approximately

49°18’10” N and 123°00’05” W; and, the proposed Southwest Channel (in the Southern Intertidal Area),

centered at approximately 49°17’55” N and 123°00’25” W (Figure 2-2).


Source: Kirk & Co. 2018

Figure 2-1 Maplewood Marine Restoration Project Site

Path: S:\Geomatics\Projects\989565\Maplewood\05\mxd\HEP\Fig2-2__989565_05_Maplewood_HEP_ProposedHEP_180726.mxd

Prod uction Date: Jul 26, 2018

Page Size: 11" x 17"

989565-05 Figure 2-2

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- Project Bound ary, Basins, Channel, and Prop osed EnhancementFeatures: AECO M, 2018- Aerial Im age: North Vanc ouver, 2013

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SO UTHER NINTER TIDAL AR EA

SO UTHEASTCHANNEL

MAPLEWO O D BASIN

MAIN BASIN

NO R THEASTBASIN

SO UTHWESTCHANNEL (NEW)

MAPLEWO O DFLATS

MAPLEWO O D FLATSCO NSER VATIO N AR EA

FORESTER ST

Notes

Sources

Proposed Habitat Enhancements at the Site

Map lewood Marine R estoration ProjectNorth Vanc ouver, BC

Legend

±1:4,000

0 50 100 150 200 250Metres

Map lewood Marine R estoration Project Bound aryMap lewood BasinBarge Channel

Northeast BasinIntertid al Flat (19,000 m 2)

ÄÄÄ Eelgrass (16,000 m 2)

R oc k R eef (11,000 m 2)Southwest Channel

((((((((((((R oc k R eef (24,000 m 2)


3.0 HABITAT ENHANCEMENT PROJECT

3.1 SITE HISTORY

In the late 1800’s, tidal flats bordered the northern shore of Burrard Inlet’s Central Harbour providing

productive habitat for waterfowl, fish, and shellfish (PMV 1998). Modifications to the upland areas of

Maplewood, in the form of logging, began around the turn of the 20th century (PMV 1998). Over a period of

almost 100 years, logging, land “reclamation” and industry shaped the upland and intertidal portions of the

area (PMV 1998). Aerial photographs suggest that the Maplewood Basin was dredged in the 1940’s to

1960’s but has largely remained in its present form since that time (Appendix A). The dredged areas were

formerly utilized for log sorting and storage operations (early 1940’s to early 1980’s) and gravel extraction

operations via barge (early 1940’s to 1961; PMV 1998). Infilling of dredged areas between 1969 and 1979

on the north side of the Maplewood Basin created uplands that were used for a wide range of industrial

operations until the late-1980’s (PMV 1998).

By the 1940’s a small community of squatters had become established in the foreshore area of Maplewood

Mudflats (Wei 2014). The community grew and by the 1960’s had attracted a number of artists, writers, and

activists (Wei 2014, Griffin 2015). Residents of the District of North Vancouver opposed the squatters and

civic authorities burned community structures in December 1971 (Griffin 2015).

In 1991, 21 ha of VFPA lands adjacent to the Project site were designated as a conservation area (Figure

3-1; PMV 1998, WBT 2014a). These uplands are currently leased to Environment and Climate Change

Canada and are managed by the Wild Bird Trust of British Columbia, a not-for-profit organization (WBT

2014a). Over the last couple of decades, the upland conservation area has been restored from a degraded

industrial site into high value habitat for birds and other wildlife (PMV 1998, WBT 2014a).


Source: District of North Vancouver GEOweb 2018

Figure 3-1 Maplewood Conservation Area in Relation to the Maplewood Marine Restoration Site

3.2 PROPOSED WORKS

The scope of the proposed Project includes the creation and enhancement of nearshore fish habitat within

the Northeast Basin and Southwest Channel and encompasses approximately seven hectares. Proposed

enhancements in the Northeast Basin and Southwest Channel include the creation of three habitat types

(AECOM 2018):

• Intertidal flat habitat to support bivalve shellfish and other fauna;

• Shallow subtidal eelgrass habitat to provide nursery habitat for CRA fishery species (e.g.,

Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister) and juvenile salmonids); and,

• Rock reef habitat to support broad-bladed kelp and encrusting or colonial invertebrates, providing

habitat and food for a variety of CRA fishery species (e.g., lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus)) in the

Northeast Basin and Southwest Channel.

Habitat in the Northeast Basin will be created by beneficially using approximately 87,000 m3 of dredge

material from the Southern Intertidal Area (resulting from the creation of the proposed Southwest Channel),

and approximately 95,000 m3 of imported clean fill material, to raise the elevation of the existing substrate

Maplewood Flats

Conservation Area

Project Site

N


(Figure 2-2). Fraser River sand, or a suitable clean alternate (e.g., approved Sechelt sand), is proposed as

the additional fill material. This imported material is anticipated to be placed over the dredge material from

the Southwest Channel to form the upper sediment layer in the Northeast Basin.

The newly created intertidal flat habitat and shallow subtidal eelgrass habitat in the Northeast Basin

(Figure 2-2) will be located between approximately +2.0 m and -2.0 m CD. Construction of a rock dyke is

required to contain the fill material needed to establish the intertidal and shallow subtidal areas in the

Northeast Basin. Subtidal rock reef habitat south of the rock dyke, at the southernmost end of the

Northeast Basin (Figure 2-2), will be constructed by placing appropriately sized rock material between

approximately -3.0 m and -4.0 m CD. The rock reef habitat will be constructed using rock of varying

diameter, with an average (median) diameter (D50) of approximately 600 mm. A total of approximately

8,500 m3 of rock material is anticipated to be placed in the Northeast Basin.

Rock reef habitat will also be created in the Southern Intertidal Area (Figure 2-2) following dredging of the

Southwest Channel. The Southwest Channel will improve tidal flushing in the Maplewood Basin and

enhance nutrient transport, improve water quality, reduce siltation of marine vegetation, and facilitate

suspension and distribution of eggs and larvae of pelagic spawning fish and invertebrates, including marine

vegetation spores (AECOM 2018). A total of approximately 14,000 m3 of rock material will be placed in the

Southwest Channel, both along the base of the channel to function as subtidal rock reef habitat, and along

the side slopes of the excavated Southwest Channel to protect against scour from tidal currents as well as

to function as rock reef habitat. The rocks along the side slopes will have a D50 of approximately 500 mm,

and the rocks on the base of the channel will have a D50 of approximately 600 mm. The rock in the

Southwest Channel will be placed between approximately +2.0 m and -4.0 m CD.

The intertidal flat habitat in the Northeast Basin is expected to support colonization by bivalve shellfish and

other infaunal and epifaunal macroinvertebrate species. Shallow subtidal eelgrass beds will be transplanted

with native eelgrass (Zostera marina) from suitable donor beds and the rock reef habitat will provide hard

substrate for the establishment of kelp, algae and encrusting/colonial invertebrates. The eelgrass and rock

reef/kelp habitat will increase primary productivity at the Project site, which will benefit the rearing stages

of many commercially important species, including rearing salmonids, juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea

pallasii), rockfish and Dungeness crab. These habitat types will also increase the diversity of marine

invertebrates (e.g., bivalves) associated with the Northeast Basin. Reef habitat will provide substrate for

sessile invertebrate attachment (e.g., anemones) and habitat for motile invertebrates (e.g. chiton). The

intertidal and shallow subtidal habitat is also anticipated to increase foraging habitat for waterfowl and

shorebirds. An artist’s illustration depicting a cross-section of proposed habitat enhancements at the Project

site is included in Figure 3-2 for reference.

More information regarding the proposed works is presented in the Project’s design report (AECOM 2018).


Source: Kirk & Co 2018

Figure 3-2 Artist’s Illustration Showing Proposed Enhanced Habitats for the Maplewood Marine Restoration Project


4.0 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

Background information considered during preparation of this report included:

• Desktop study and background research of available online databases, peer review literature and

professional reports;

• A review of current and historical aerial photographs (Appendix A);

• Biophysical information from the Maplewood Basin and Southern Intertidal Area collected by

Balanced Environmental Services Inc. in 2017 (Appendix B);

• Supplemental biophysical information from the Southwest Channel collected by Hemmera in 2018

(Hemmera 2018);

• Preliminary field investigations conducted by Precision Identification (Precision 2013) and

Hemmera Envirochem Inc. (Hemmera 2013) in 2013; and

• Bird Use Studies for MMRP from Hemmera (Appendix C).

Recent biophysical surveys of the Project site were undertaken between October 18 and 20, 2017, and on

October 27, 2017 by Balanced (Appendix B) to support development of a preliminary design report

(AECOM 2018). Hemmera undertook a subsequent survey of the proposed Southwest Channel on June

14, 2018 to supplement existing biophysical information for this area. The goal of these surveys was to

document existing ecological conditions at the Project site including substrates, species abundance and

distribution, and to confirm the findings of preliminary field investigations conducted by Precision (2013a)

and Hemmera (2013). The subsections below summarize the methodology used during the surveys

conducted by Balanced and Hemmera in 2017 and 2018, respectively. More detailed information on

Balanced’s methodology is provided in Appendix B.

Balanced implemented underwater dive and land-based surveys between October 18 and 20, 2017. The

surveys were undertaken along fourteen pre-determined transects spanning intertidal and subtidal habitats

through the Northeast Basin, proposed Southwest Channel and the Main Basin (Appendix B: Drawing

3910-D-01.1). Surficial substrate composition and relative cover, marine vegetation species composition

and percent areal coverage, faunal composition and abundance, and changes in general habitat

characteristics were recorded along each transect. Four additional drop dives were also conducted in the

central portion of the Main Basin (outside the proposed enhancement areas).

Bivalve surveys were conducted by Balanced on October 27, 2017 to collect additional information on

bivalve species presence and abundance throughout the Maplewood Basin and Southern Intertidal Area.

In addition, Balanced re-assessed areas where Precision and Hemmera had identified high value habitat

in 2013. Density, health, growth characteristics, and biota abundance were assessed with quadrats placed

along dive transects.


Hemmera undertook a biophysical survey of the proposed Southwest Channel during a low tide on June

14, 2018. Field data was collected relating to substrate composition, dominant habitat types (e.g. described

by encrusting invertebrate and macroalgae communities), and bivalve shellfish presence and densities. A

pre-typed, georeferenced aerial photograph was used to guide establishment of two longitudinal transects

within the Southwest Channel, with one metre square sampling quadrats established throughout the length

of each transect. To provide more detailed information on the presence and abundance of intertidal

bivalves, Hemmera undertook clam digs using smaller quadrats (25 cm by 25 cm) at approximately 45% of

the sampling quadrats.


5.0 EXISTING BIOPHYSICAL CONDITIONS

Background information related to the existing biophysical conditions of the Project site was obtained from

the following sources:

• Online Sensitive Habitat Inventory and Mapping (CMN 2018);

• Online Burrard Inlet Environmental Action Program (BIEAP) Habitat Atlas (CMN 2010);

• Online Fisheries Information Summary System (Government of BC 2018a);

• Online E-Fauna BC database (Klinkenberg 2018);

• Online BC Species & Ecosystems Explorer (MOE 2018);

• Online iMapBC database (Government of BC 2018b);

• Aerial photographs (Appendix A); and

• Biophysical reports and field studies conducted at the Project site.

5.1 BIOGEOCLIMATIC DESCRIPTION OF SITE

The Project site falls within the Dry Maritime Coastal Western Hemlock (CWHdm) biogeoclimatic subzone

(Figure 5-1; CMN 2018, BC 2012). The CWHdm subzone occurs at lower elevations (0 to 650 m), and is

typified by warm, relatively dry summers and moist, mild winters with little snowfall (Green and Klinka 1994).

The mean annual temperatures in the CWH zone ranges from approximately 5.2 to 10.5°C, with a mean

annual precipitation ranging from 1000 to 4400 mm (Pojar et al 1991). The Project site occurs in the marine

subtidal zone adjacent to forested upland habitats.

Source: Government of B.C. 2012

Figure 5-1 Biogeoclimatic Subzones of the Project Site and Surrounding Metro Vancouver Areas

Project Site

N


5.2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Burrard Inlet is a 11,300 ha drainage basin consisting of six sub-areas: the Outer Harbour and English Bay,

False Creek, the Inner Harbour, the Central Harbour, Indian Arm and Port Moody Arm (Georgia Strait

Alliance 2003, Stantec 2009). The shoreline through the Inner Harbour to Central Harbour of Burrard Inlet

is heavily industrialized and the Central Harbour (between Second Narrows and Admiralty Point) is typified

by a high percentage of riprap per total shoreline area (Stantec 2009). However, the tidal flat and estuary

at Maplewood Flats (covering approximately 123 ha) is described as the second largest unaltered tidal flat

area in Burrard Inlet (Stantec 2009).

The Northeast Basin was last dredged in the 1960’s (Appendix A). This basin exhibits depths up to

approximately -9.0 m CD and is poorly flushed. Drainage is impeded by the shallow drainage channel to

the southeast (the Southeast Channel; AECOM 2018).

BIEAP undertook biophysical feature mapping in Burrard Inlet in 2010 (CMN 2010, Figure 5-2). The

Maplewood Basin is bordered by intertidal habitats that vary widely in physical properties such as width,

steepness and substrate size. The intertidal benches surrounding the Project site are comprised primarily

of coarse and fine gravel substrates, with areas of sand. To the east of the Project site, coarser sediments

slowly transition to mud in the upper intertidal area of the Maplewood Flats (Figure 5-2).

Appendix B Drawing 3910-D-03.1 shows the substrates present in the Maplewood Basin and adjacent

intertidal areas. The shoreline along the northern edge of the Maplewood Basin is a narrow strip of intertidal

habitat with steep grades and with predominantly pebble, cobble and concrete debris substrates

(Appendix B). The eastern and southern portion of the Northeast Basin has pebble and cobble substrates,

with patches of sand and shell debris (Appendix B). The floor of the Northeast Basin and Main Basin is

composed primarily of fine sediments (mud) with accumulations of wood debris (Appendix B).

The proposed Southwest Channel area between the Main Basin (to the north) and the main channel of

Burrard Inlet (to the south) consists of a mixture of cobble, gravel, sand and shell debris. In general, the

higher northern portion of this area can be characterized as primarily cobble substrate (with the exception

of a distinct sand/shell ridge), while the majority of the mid-intertidal zone is primarily a mixture of cobble

and sand/shell, and the low-intertidal area is primarily gravel substrate (Hemmera 2018).

A dredged tidally-influenced “Barge Channel” is located north of the Northeast Basin. The Barge Channel

conveys some brackish flows into the Northeast Basin (Figure 2-2). This channel receives freshwater inputs

from an ephemeral watercourse located north of Dollarton Highway, in addition to stormwater and

groundwater inputs. The fresh water in this channel is diluted by salt water from the Northeast Basin during

high tides (AECOM 2018).


Blueridge Creek and McCartney Creek provide freshwater inputs to the Maplewood Flats to the northeast

of the Project site. Blueridge Creek and McCartney Creek have been modified by residential developments

and experience flashy flows (PSKF n.d.) (see inset map on Figure 5-2, CMN 2010).

Note: Inset map shows watercourses located near the Project site.

Figure 5-2 Mapped Substrate of the Intertidal Habitat Surrounding the Project Site (CMN 2010)

Barge Channel

Northeast Basin

Main Basin

McCartney Creek

Blueridge Creek

Barge Channel

Maplewood Flats

N


5.3 MARINE VEGETATION

According the BIEAP Atlas, parts of the eastern and western bank of the Northeast Basin and surrounding

intertidal bank support rockweed (Fucus sp.) (Figure 5-3) (CMN 2010 from BIEAP). Bull kelp (Nereocystis

luetkeana) is present on hard substrates on the eastern and western side of the Maplewood Basin and

within the Southeast Channel, and along the southern edge of the Southern Intertidal Area (Figure 5-3;

CMN 2010Sea lettuce (Ulva sp.) is interspersed on the intertidal areas to the south and east of the

Maplewood Basin (Figure 5-3; CMN 2010). A sparse patch of broad iodine seaweed (Prionitis lyallii) is

present to the east of the Main Basin (Figure 5-3; CMN 2010).

Figure 5-3 Marine Vegetation at the Project Site and Adjacent Intertidal Flats (CMN 2010)

N


The overall abundance of marine vegetation in the Northeast Basin is low with species abundance largely

classified as rare (1 individual per transect) or sparse (2 to 5 individuals per transect; Appendix B).

However, where coarse substrates provide adequate attachment sites, marine vegetation includes sugar

kelp (Saccharina latissima), rockweed (Fucus gardineri), Turkish washcloth (Mastocarpus papillatus), and

iodine seaweed (Appendix B).

In the intertidal zone overlapping the proposed Southwest Channel, sea lettuce (Ulva sp.) is the most

frequently encountered algae with high coverage in the low intertidal zone and sparser coverage in the

lower mid-intertidal zone. Marine vegetation coverage in the low intertidal zone of the Southwest Channel

is significantly higher, with species including sea lettuce, winged kelp, sugar wrack, split kelp (Saccharina

groenlandica), sea felt (Pylaiella littoralis) and non-native Japanese wireweed (Sargassum muticum)

(Hemmera 2018).

While eelgrass was not observed in the Northeast Basin or Southern Intertidal Area, it is present in two very

small patches in the Main Basin and in the Southeast Channel (Precision 2013a, Appendix B).

More information regarding marine vegetation recorded during the biophysical surveys conducted by

Balanced, is provided in Appendix B Drawing 3910-D-04.1 and the supporting “Species Tables” therein.

No at-risk marine vegetation species (or ecological communities) are known to be present at the Project

site (MOE 2018). Any at-risk terrestrial species present nearby, would not be affected by the Project.

5.4 FISH AND MARINE INVERTEBRATES

5.4.1 Fish Species

High quality fish habitat in Burrard Inlet is limited by urban and industrial development, however the inlet

hosts a diversity of fish species. Juvenile salmon occupy nearshore habitats from early spring to fall,

particularly chum (Oncorhynchus keta), chinook (O. tshawytscha) and, every second year, pink (O.

gorbuscha) salmon (Haggarty, 2001). Juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch), sockeye salmon (O. nerka),

steelhead (O. mykiss) and cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) are also present, in lower abundances

(Haggarty 2001). Adult salmon have been observed within 17 streams that flow into Burrard Inlet and are

known to spawn in rivers on the north shore of the inlet, particularly in the Capilano and Seymour rivers that

support salmon hatcheries (Haggarty 2001). The Maplewood Flats receive freshwater inputs from

McCartney and Blueridge creeks, streams that sustain spawning coho salmon and cutthroat trout, as well

as a few chum salmon (PSKF n.d., Fraser River Action Plan 1999, G. Parker (North Shore Streamkeepers),

pers. comm., 10 June 2018) (see inset map on Figure 5-2). There is also anecdotal evidence that suggests

juvenile chum salmon have historically used the Barge Channel at the northwest end of the Northeast Basin

(AECOM 2018).


Approximately 63 other fish species utilize nearshore areas of Burrard Inlet, including: Pacific herring,

northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), lingcod (Ophiodon elongates), flatfish (i.e., English sole (Parophrys

vetulus)), starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus), rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata)), Pacific staghorn sculpin

(Leptocottus armatus), shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata) and quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger)

(Haggarty 2001). There are three Rockfish Conservation Areas in eastern portions of Burrard Inlet, one of

which (Subarea 28-11) occurs south of the Project site on the southern bank of Burrard Inlet (DFO 2008).

The Project site, which is characterized by a variety of unconsolidated substrates and some marine

vegetation would support habitat for some of these fish species. For example, sand and mudflat habitat is

typically used by flatfish, while kelp can be used by lingcod and rockfish, and nearby eelgrass areas could

be utilized by juvenile herring and salmonids. Finfish observed with the Maplewood Basin (including the

Northeast Basin) (Appendix B) were classified as rare (1 individual per transect) or sparse (2 to 5

individuals per transect) and included scalyhead sculpin (Artedius harringtoni), saddle back gunnel (Pholis

ornate) and black-eyed goby (Coryphopterus nichols). Four fish species were observed in the Maplewood

Basin in surveys conducted in 2013 including Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus), sand sole

(Psettichthys melanostictus), poacher (Family Agonidae) and sculpin (Family Cottidae) (Precision 2013a).

Provincially and federally at-risk fish species with ranges that potentially overlap the Project site are

included in Table 5-1. It should be noted however, that the majority of these species would be very unlikely

to be found at the Project site due to their known habitat preferences. However, coastal cutthroat trout

(Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) is likely to utilize habitat present at the Project site and surrounding areas

(including kelp and eelgrass areas).


Table 5-1 Listed Fish Species with the Potential to Occur Near the Project Site (B.C. Ministry of Environment 2013)

English Name

Scientific Name Provincial

Listing1 SARA2 COSEWIC3 Comments Construction Effects

Post-Enhancement Effects

Bluntnose sixgill shark

Hexanchus griseus

No status 1-SC

(2009) SC (2007)

Range overlaps with Burrard Inlet. However, it is unlikely to occur near the Project site as it is typically found at depths greater than 91 m (COSEWIC 2007).

n/a n/a

Coastal cutthroat trout

Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii

Blue Not

listed Not listed

Found in Burrard Inlet, although they tend to occur at lower densities than chum, chinook and pink salmon. Can use nearshore marine areas for feeding such as those available at the Project site.

Potential temporal impacts to feeding and refuge areas

Nutrient and prey availability would increase following enhancement

Eulachon – Fraser River population

Thaleichthys pacificus

Blue Not

listed E/T (2011)

Not commonly found in Burrard Inlet but could potentially stray into the inlet (COSEWIC 2011a).

Not likely to be affected by construction

n/a

Green sturgeon

Acipenser medirostris

Red 1-SC

(2006) SC (1987)

Not commonly found in Burrard Inlet but could potentially stray into the inlet (COSEWIC 2013).


May marginally benefit from an increase in prey availability

Quillback rockfish

Sebastes maliger

No status Not

listed T (2009)

Occurs in the Burrard Inlet but is unlikely to use the Project site as it prefers deeper habitats (≥ 16 m) (COSEWIC 2009a).



Yelloweye rockfish

Sebastes ruberrimus

No status 1-SC SC (2008)

Occurs in the Burrard Inlet but adults unlikely to be found at the Project site due to its preferred depth range (i.e., ≥ 19 m). Considered to be an opportunistic feeder (COSEWIC 2008).



Notes: 1 Red = Endangered or Threatened, Blue = Special Concern 2 Schedule 1 = Federal species at risk 3 E = Endangered, T = Threatened, SC = Special Concern


5.4.2 Marine Invertebrate Species

The Northeast Basin supports a variety of invertebrates including crabs, crustaceans, molluscs, anemones,

and sea stars. However, densities in the Northeast Basin are low, and it has been described as providing

minimal habitat for macroinvertebrate species (AECOM 2018). The wood debris accumulation in the

Northeast Basin has adversely affected habitat quality and productivity, likely contributing to the low

abundance of macroinvertebrate species (AECOM 2018). Intertidal areas in the Northeast Basin supported

sessile invertebrates including acorn barnacles (Balanus glandula), bay mussels (Mytilus trossulus) and

shore crabs (green shore (Hemigrapsus oregonensis) and purple shore (H. nudus) crabs) (Appendix B).

The subtidal areas in the Northeast Basin supported invertebrates such as plumose anemone (Metridium

farcimen) and crabs (e.g. Dungeness crab) at low densities.

Visual observation of the Main Basin indicates that it supports similar macroinvertebrate communities as

the Northeast Basin. In addition, benthic sampling undertaken in the northeast corner of the Main Basin

identified butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea), littleneck clam (Protothaca staminea), bent-nosed clam

(Macoma nasuta), Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum), and Nuttall’s cockle (Clinocardium nuttallii)

(Appendix B).

Dense accumulations of habitat forming sessile invertebrates (i.e., acorn barnacles and bay mussels) were

observed across the proposed Southwest Channel area. Sea stars and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

were also observed. Shore crabs were common throughout the intertidal zone (AECOM 2018, Hemmera

2018). Benthic sampling in the Southern Intertidal Area by Balanced in 2017 and Hemmera in 2018 yielded

butter clam, littleneck clam, bent-nosed clam, manila clam, Nuttall’s cockle, and gaper clam (Tresus sp.)

(Appendix B, AECOM 2018, Hemmera 2018).

No listed invertebrate species were observed during surveys in the Maplewood Basin or the surrounding

intertidal banks (Appendix B). Northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana), an Endangered Schedule 1

Species at Risk Act species and provincially red-listed species (i.e. endangered or threatened) has a range

that overlaps Burrard Inlet. Northern abalone are typically found in more exposed areas with good water

exchange (e.g. tidal currents) (COSEWIC 2009b) and this species is not likely to occur in the Project site.

However, creation of large quantities of rock reef habitat is anticipated to increase drift algae (e.g. kelp),

which is a prime food source for northern abalone.

5.5 WILDLIFE

Designated as an internationally recognized Important Bird Area (IBA), Burrard Inlet is an important

migratory bird corridor, providing essential habitat for significant concentrations of waterfowl species, such

as western grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis), Barrow’s goldeneye (Bucephala islandica), and surf scoter

(Melanitta perspicillata; IBA 2018). A variety of bird species use Burrard Inlet and the surrounding shoreline,

most of which are waterbirds, such as loons, grebes, cormorants, geese, ducks, gulls, coots and alcids


(Haggarty 2001). However, there are also birds of prey, such as northern pygmy owl (Glaucidium gnoma),

osprey (Pandion haliaetus) and bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), as well as marsh and shorebirds,

including great blue heron (Ardea herodias), plovers and western sandpiper (Calidris mauri) (Haggarty

2001). Over 246 bird species have been observed at the Maplewood Conservation Area, many of which

would also use the Project site. Nest boxes for purple martin (Progne subis) have been constructed on

wooden dolphins (i.e. bollard, pile, or buoy for mooring) in the mudflat areas east of the Project site to

encourage nesting, with an estimate of 34 nesting pairs in 2008 (WBT 2009).

A review of available reports and studies on bird use in the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area was

undertaken by Hemmera in 2018. An on-site survey of raptor and heron nests was also conducted on March

9, 2018 to document any existing stick nests near the Project site that would be afforded year-round

protection. The results of this literature review and nest survey are available in Appendix C.

The most common marine mammal in Burrard Inlet, and one that is commonly sighted around the

Maplewood Flats Conservation Area, is the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) (KWL 2017). Steller sea lion

(Eumetopias jubatus), harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens),

killer whale (Orcinus orca) and grey whale (Eschrichtius robustus) are also occasionally observed and could

potentially interact with the Project site (Haggarty 2001, KWL 2017).

In addition to birds and marine mammals, a number of terrestrial mammals have been observed adjacent

to the Project site in the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area. Use of the Project site would be limited to

those species that utilize intertidal and subtidal marine areas. Raccoons (Procyon lotor), black-tailed deer

(Odocoileus hemionus) and black bears (Ursus americanus) are all know to utilize intertidal areas at least

some of the time. River otters (Lontra canadensis) forage in intertidal and subtidal marine habitats. A list of

mammalian species observed at Maplewood Flats Conservation Area which may utilize the Project site is

provided in Table 5-2.

Table 5-2 Wildlife Species Observed at the Maplewood Conservation Area that may Utilize Areas the Adjacent to the Project Site (WBT 2014a)

English Name Scientific Name Likelihood of Occurrence

Black bear Ursus americanus Rare

Black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus Likely

Coyote Canis latrans Likely

Mink Mustela vison Likely

Racoon Procyon lotor Likely

River otter Lontra canadensis Likely

Short-tailed weasel Mustela erminea Possible


As the Project site is located entirely within subtidal and intertidal zones of a marine environment, amphibian

and reptile species are not anticipated to occur at the Project site. However, the upland areas in Maplewood

Flats Conservation Area do support reptiles such as northwestern garter snake (Thamnophis ordinoides),

and amphibians such as Pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla) (WBT 2014b).

A search of the BC CDC returned 61 federally- and provincially-listed bird and mammal species (including

species associated primarily with terrestrial habitat) that are known to occur in MOE Region 2 that may use

intertidal or subtidal habitat. Of these 61 species, 29 species of listed birds that use intertidal and/or subtidal

habitat have been documented at the Maplewood Flats Conservations Area or within the Maplewood Basin

(Table 5-3) at various times throughout the year (eBird 2018); eight mammal species have the potential to

occur at or near the Project site (Table 5-3).


Table 5-3 Listed Wildlife Species with Potential to Occur at the Project Site

English Name

Scientific Name Provincial Listing1 SARA2, 3 COSEWIC3 Comments4 Construction Effects Post-Enhancement

Effects

Birds

American bittern

Botaurus lentiginosus

Blue Not listed Not listed

May occur in marsh area surrounding the Project site; this species is tied to wetlands with tall emergent vegetation (e.g., cattails) year-round and not likely to occur at the Project site.

n/a n/a

American white pelican

Pelecanus erythrorhynchos

Red NAR (May 1987)

Not listed Observed in 2001, considered unlikely to occur, but has potential.

n/a n/a

Barn swallow Hirundo rustica Blue T (May 2011)

1-T (Nov 2017)

Seen in marsh habitat near Project site; this species may nest under bridges near river banks and wetlands from which mud is collected to construct nests; forage over open areas such as water bodies.

Not likely to be affected by construction.

Likely no effect. Foraging on the wing over water will not be affected.

Barn owl Tyto alba Blue 1-SC

(2003) T (2010)

May be found foraging in marsh habitat near the Project site.


No effect. Species does not utilize subtidal habitats.

Black scoter Melanitta americana

Blue Not listed Not listed Historically abundant at the Project site, last observation from eBird was 2014.

Construction activities (e.g., noise, artificial lighting) may affect foraging.

Increase in forage opportunity.

Black swift Cypseloides niger

Blue E (May 2015)

Not listed Commonly observed species at Maplewood Flats Conservation Area.



Brandt's cormorant

Phalacrocorax penicillatus

Red Not listed Not listed

Uncommon at the Project site, but occasional observation from Maplewood Flats.


Increase in prey abundance, productivity.


English Name


Effects

Brant Branta bernicla Blue Not listed Not listed

No observations at Maplewood Flats Conservation Area since 2014.



California gull Larus californicus

Blue Not listed Not listed Commonly occurring bird at the Project site.


Likely no effect.

Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia

Blue Not listed NAR

(1999) May forage for fish at the Project site.


May benefit from increased prey availability.

Common nighthawk

Chordeiles minor Yellow 1-T

(2010) SC (2018)

May nest on exposed gravel beds above the intertidal zone



Double-crested cormorant

Phalacrocorax auritus

Blue Not listed NAR

(1978)

May over-winter at the Project site; between foraging for fish on open water it often spends time perched on pilings and rocks. Large nesting colony on Iron Workers Memorial Bridge (Second Narrows Crossing), located < 2 km to the west of the Project site.



Eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis

Blue Not listed Not listed Occasional observations yearly from 2012 to present.



Great blue heron, fannini subspecies

Ardea herodias fannini

Blue 1-SC

(2010) SC (2008)

Species may forage for fish at the Project site; no nesting colonies located at or near the Project site.


Increase in prey abundance.

Green heron Butorides virescens

Blue Not listed Not listed Commonly observed species at Maplewood Flats Conservation Area.


Likely no effect.


English Name


Effects

Horned grebe Podiceps auritus Yellow SC (Apr 2009)

1-SC Commonly occurring bird at the Project site.



Long-billed curlew

Numenius americanus

Blue SC (May

2011) 1-SC (Jan

2005) Occasional observations yearly from 2004 to 2017.


Likely no effect.

Long-tailed duck

Clangula hyemalis



Increase in foraging opportunity.

Marbled murrelet

Brachyramphus marmoratus

Blue T (May 2012)

1-T (Jun 2003)

Occasionally observed using upland habitat. May nest in vicinity of Maplewood Flats Conservation Area, but habitat is not considered optimal for this species.


No effect. Species does not utilize subtidal habitats.

Peregrine falcon, anatum subspecies

Falco peregrinus anatum

Red 1-SC

(2012) SC (2007)

May forage for birds, bats and rodents within marsh habitat near the Project site.


May benefit from increased prey availability.

Purple martin Progne subis Blue Not listed Not listed

Breeds in nest boxes adjacent to the Project site; species feeds on flying insects, over marsh and mudflat habitat.



Red-necked phalarope

Phalaropus lobatus

Blue SC

(2014) Not listed

Historically occurrence at Maplewood Flats Conservation Area, last observation from eBird was 2012.


Likely no effect.

Rough-legged hawk

Buteo lagopus Blue Not listed NAR

(1995)

May forage in marsh adjacent to the Project site; this species forage over treeless areas including marshlands.


Likely no effect.


English Name


Effects

Short-billed dowitcher

Limnodromus griseus

Blue Not listed Not listed

Occasional, sporadic observations from the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area


Likely no effect.

Surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata




Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus

Blue Not listed Not listed Occasionally observed from the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area.


Likely no effect.

Wandering tattler

Tringa incana Blue Not listed Not listed

One recorded occurrence from 1980. Considered unlikely to occur, but has potential.


Likely no effect.

Western grebe

Aechmophorus occidentalis

Red SC (May

2014) 1-SC

(2017) Commonly occurring bird at the Project site.



Yellow-billed loon

Gavia adamsii Blue NAR (May 1997)

- Observed in 1994, considered unlikely to occur, but has potential.


Likely no effect.


English Name


Effects

Mammals

Grey whale Eschrichtius robustus

Blue 1-SC

(2005) SC/E/NAR

(2004) Occasional observations in Burrard Inlet.


Low use; likely no effect.

Harbour porpoise

Phocoena phocoena

Blue 1-SC

(2005) SC (2016)

Occasional observations in Burrard Inlet.



Keen's myotis Myotis keenii Blue 3 (2005) DD (2003) Likely found foraging insects over the Project site.

If artificial light or loud construction activities occurring at night, potential to affect foraging.

Foraging will not be affected.

Killer whale (Transient population)

Orcinus orca pop. 3

Red 1-T

(2003) T (2008)

Occasional observations in Burrard Inlet (e.g., when feeding on harbour seals).



Killer Whale (Southern resident population)

Orcinus orca pop. 5

Red 1-E

(2003) E (2008)

Potential to enter Burrard Inlet when foraging.



Little brown myotis

Myotis lucifugus Yellow Not listed E (2012) Likely found foraging insects over the Project site.



Long-tailed weasel, altifrontalis subspecies

Mustela frenata altifrontalis

Red Not listed Not listed

May be found at Project site; species prefers slow moving water bodies with soft substrate.



Steller sea lion

Eumetopias jubatus

Blue 1-SC

(2005) SC (2013)

May be found in subtidal marine habitat adjacent to Project site.

May be some temporal disturbance to their habitat.

Increased productivity may benefit this species.

Townsend's big-eared bat

Corynorhinus townsendii

Blue Not listed Not listed Likely found foraging insects over the Project site.



Notes: 1 Red = Endangered or Threatened, Blue = Special Concern 2 Schedule 1 = federal species at risk 3 E= Endangered, T = Threatened, SC = Special Concern, NAR = Not at Risk 4 Species information was taken from The Birds of North American Online 2013, E-Fauna B.C. 2013, and eBird 2018.

http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/reports.do?elcode=AMAJC03010

http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/reports.do?elcode=AMAJC03010


6.0 CONCLUSION

Construction of the Project will result in the creation of variety of high-value habitat (intertidal flats, shallow

eelgrass, and rock reefs) that will provide long-term benefits for fish and invertebrates that depend on these

habitat types for nursery, rearing and feeding habitat, along with other fish and wildlife species such as

waterfowl and wading birds. Creation of the Southwest Channel will also result in a marked improvement

to the tidal exchange in the Maplewood and Northeast Basins, in turn, improving habitat productivity and

value for fish and wildlife.

Creation and enhancement of these habitats will contribute to a myriad of ecological functions including:

• Increasing primary productivity;

• Supplementing the detritus-based food web;

• Creating intertidal habitat for benthic and epibenthic invertebrates that are important prey items for

juvenile salmonids and other fishes;

• Providing intertidal and subtidal marine vegetation cover and refuge for juvenile salmonids, as they

utilize shoreline habitats in Burrard Inlet prior to out-migrating to the Strait of Georgia and the Pacific

Ocean, and juvenile rockfish species;

• Increasing the habitat diversity of the study area by converting degraded subtidal habitat to tidal

flats, eelgrass and rocky reef habitat; and,

• Creating habitat for waterfowl feeding, nesting, loafing, and refuge.

We sincerely appreciate the opportunity to have assisted you with this project and if there are any questions,

please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned by phone at 604.669.0424.

Report prepared by: Report peer reviewed by: Hemmera Envirochem Inc. Hemmera Envirochem Inc.

Anne Rutherford, M.Env.Sc., R.P.Bio. Scott Northrup, B.Sc., R.P.Bio. Biologist, Permitting Lead Senior Biologist


7.0 REFERENCES

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for the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority. July 2018.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2007. COSEWIC assessment

and status report on the bluntnose sixgill shark Hexanchus griseus in Canada. vii + 33 pp.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2008. COSEWIC assessment

and status report on the Yelloweye Rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus, Pacific Ocean inside waters

population and Pacific Ocean outside waters population, in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 75 pp.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2009a. COSEWIC assessment

and status report on the Quillback Rockfish Sebastes maliger in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 71 pp.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2009b. COSEWIC assessment

and update status report on the Northern Abalone Haliotis kamtschatkana in Canada. Committee

on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 48 pp.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2011a. COSEWIC assessment

and status report on the Eulachon, Nass / Skeena Rivers population, Central Pacific Coast

population and the Fraser River population. Thaleichthys pacificus in Canada. Ottawa. Xv + 88

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Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). 2013. COSEWIC status

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<http://cmnmaps.ca/FREMP/map.php?agree=0>.

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Georgia Strait Alliance. 2003. A Review of Burrard Inlet Effluent Discharges. Accessed May 2018

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subzone map. Accessed May 2018

<https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hre/becweb/resources/maps/fieldmaps.html>.

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Government of British Columbia (BC). 2018b. iMapBC. Accessed May 2018

<https://maps.gov.bc.ca/ess/hm/imap4m/>.Green, R.N. and Klinka. 1994. A Field Guide for Site

Identification and Interpretation for the Vancouver Forest Region. Ministry of Forests. 185 pp.

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Green, R. and K. Klinka. 1994. A Field Guide to Site Identification and Interpretation for the Vancouver

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<https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/HFD/Pubs/Docs/Lmh/Lmh28.pdf>.

Griffin, Kevin. 2015. Tom Burrows & the Mythology of the Maplewood Mudflats Squatter Community.

Vancouver Sun Community Blogs. Accessed May 2018

<http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2015/01/09/tom-burrows-the-mythology-of-the-maplewood-

mudflats-squatter-community/>.

Haggarty, Dana. R. 2001. An Evaluation of Fish Habitat in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia. Master Thesis.

Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia. Accessed May 2018

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Hemmera Envirochem Inc. (Hemmera). 2013. Maplewood Log Pond Field Data – September 16, 2013.

Hemmera Envirochem Inc. (Hemmera). 2018. Biophysical Sampling Results from the Proposed

Southwest Channel. Prepared for Vancouver Fraser Port Authority.

Important Bird Area (IBA) Canada. 2018. English Bay and Burrard Inlet IBA Site Summary. April 2018

<http://www.ibacanada.ca/site.jsp?siteID=BC020&lang=EN>.

http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/docs/lmh/lmh28.htm


Kerr Wood Leidel Associated Ltd. (KWL). 2017. Burrard Inlet Action Plan: A science-based First Nations-

led initiated to improve the health of the Burrard Inlet ecosystem by 2025. Prepared for Tseleil-

Waututh Nation.

Klinkenberg, B. (Editor) 2018. E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia. Lab for

Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.

Ministry of Environment (MOE). 2018. B.C. Species and Ecosystems Explorer. Accessed May 2018

<http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/>.

Pacific Streamkeepers Federation (PSKF). n.d. Watershed Profiles. Accessed May 2018

<http://www.pskf.ca/ecology/watershed/index.html>.

Pojar, J. Klinka, K., & Demarchi, D.A. 1991. Chapter 6: Coastal Western Hemlock Zone. Ecosystems of

British Columbia. Special Report Series 06. B.C. Ministry of Forests. Pp 96-111. Retrieved on

September 29, 2014 from http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/Srs/Srs06.htm

Port Metro Vancouver (PMV). 1998. Management Plan: Port of Vancouver Wildlife Conservation Area,

Maplewood South, North Vancouver.

Precision Identification (Precision). 2013. Assessment of Potential Eelgrass Transplant Sites. Maplewood,

North Vancouver. Report prepared for Port Metro Vancouver Habitat Enhancement Program. 47

pgs.

Stantec Consulting Ltd. (Stantec). 2009. Burrard Inlet Shoreline Change – Baseline Assessment: Final

Report. Prepared for Burrard Inlet Environmental Action Program.

Wei, Michael. 2014. From Shangri-la to Shangri-la. Accessed February 2015

<http://wildbirdtrust.org/shacks>.

Wild Bird Trust (WBT). 2009. Wingspan Winter/Spring Newsletter. Accessed September 2014

<www.wildbirdtrust.org/upload/doc/Wingspan_wingbeats%20winter%20spring%202009.pdf>.

Wild Bird Trust (WBT). 2014a. Wild Bird Trust Website. Accessed (September 29, 2014) from:

<www.wildbirdtrust.org/>.

Wild Bird Trust (WBT). 2014b. Bird Checklist: The Conservation Area at Maplewood Flats, North

Vancouver, British Columbia.

.

http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/

APPENDIX A

Aerial Photography Review

Page | i

Appendix A - Maplewood Historic Aerial Overview.docx

Maplewood Marine Restoration Project

Historical Aerial Overview

Appendix A Maplewood Marine Restoration Project: Historical Aerial Overview

Page | ii

Appendix A - Maplewood Historic Aerial Overview.docx

APPENDIX B

Balanced Biophysical Report

BALANCED 3910‐R‐01.2

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BIOPHYSICAL SURVEY MAPLEWOOD FLATS, NORTH VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA December 20, 2017

PREPARED BY:

BALANCED ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES INC. 120 Garden Ave. North Vancouver, B.C. V7P 3H2 PREPARED FOR:

AECOM 3292 Production Way Burnaby, BC V5Z4R4 Canada


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 3

1.1 Project Overview ..................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Project Location ....................................................................................................................... 3

SECTION 2 BIOPHYSICAL SURVEY METHODOLOGIES ................................................................................ 3

2.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 3

2.2 Survey Methods ...................................................................................................................... 4

2.2.1 Above‐Water ............................................................................................................ 4

2.2.2 Below Water ............................................................................................................ 5

SECTION 3 BIOPHYSICAL CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................... 5

3.1 Physical Conditions .................................................................................................................. 5

3.2 Biological Conditions ............................................................................................................... 6

3.2.1 Intertidal Zone ......................................................................................................... 6

3.2.2 Subtidal Zone ........................................................................................................... 6

3.2.3 Eelgrass .................................................................................................................... 7

3.2.4 Bivalves .................................................................................................................... 7

3.2.5 Kelps ......................................................................................................................... 7

SECTION 4 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 8

SECTION 5 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 8

SECTION 6 CLARIFICATIONS AND SIGNATURES......................................................................................... 9

APPENDIX 1 DRAWINGS

3910‐D‐01.1 Site Map

3910‐D‐02.3 Habitat

3910‐D‐03.1 Substrate

3910‐D‐04.1 Biota

3910‐D‐05.1 Photographs

3910‐D‐06.1 Northeast Basin Biota

3910‐D‐07.1 Main Basin Biota

3910‐D‐08.1 Southern Intertidal Area

APPENDIX 2

Table A1.1 – A1.5: Observed Biota Abundance and Tidal Range

Table A2 – Bivalve Survey Findings


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BIOPHYSICAL SURVEY, MAPLEWOOD FLATS,

NORTH VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Overview AECOM (Client) retained Balanced Environmental Services Inc. (Balanced) to conduct a Biophysical Survey of the intertidal and subtidal areas within the Maplewood Flats area, adjacent to the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area in North Vancouver, British Columbia. The purpose of this biophysical survey was the documentation of substrate types, observed species abundance and distribution, and general ecological conditions. This report also provides a comparison with a biophysical survey completed in 2013 by Hemmera Envirochem Inc. (File 302‐035.04), to determine if conditions have shifted in species presence or substrate types over the 4 year time period between field surveys. 1.2 Project Location This site is located in Burrard Inlet along a south facing shoreline, 1.5 km east of the Second Narrows Bridge in North Vancouver, British Columbia. The latitude and longitude coordinates (degrees decimal) for the site are approximately: Latitude: 49.300, Longitude: –123.005 The project site is located immediately south of the Pacific Environmental Science Centre, and the Maplewood

Flats Conservation Area: 2645 Dollarton Hwy, North Vancouver, BC V7H 1B1.

Refer to Drawing 3910‐D‐01.1 for additional location information.

SECTION 2 BIOPHYSICAL SURVEY METHODOLOGIES

2.1 General Balanced carried out above and below‐water surveys from October 18th to 20th, and on October 27th, 2017. Tide heights during the surveys ranged from +1.7m to +4.5m Chart Datum (CD). The survey team included four Qualified Environmental Professionals (QEPs) with knowledge and experience of the local aquatic biology and ecology. The survey area included 14 transects and a general overview of approximately 400,000m2 of intertidal and subtidal seabed (see Drawing D‐01.1 Site Map). The survey included the mapping of surface substrates and biota as well as their abundance, elevation and distribution. Substrate conditions were identified on the basis of the following criteria (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 1990):

Substrate Type Diameter (mm)

mud <0.0625

sand 0.0625 to <2

pebble 2 to <64

cobble 64 to <255

boulders >255

rip rap (angular rock) >255


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Additional substrate conditions noted during the survey included any significant build‐up of shell hash, woody debris and/or anthropogenic materials. Photographs illustrating typical substrate conditions are provided in Drawings 3910‐D‐03.1 and 3910‐D‐05.1 Species and biota groups chosen for surveying and mapping purposes were selected by the QEPs at the time of the survey as those that best represented the environmental and habitat conditions present. The abundance levels of selected species or biota groups were based on the following criteria:

Abundance

Amount % Areal Coverage

Individuals per Transect

Rare <5% 1

Sparse 5% to 25% 2 to 5

Few 26% to 50% 6 to 10

Common 51% to 75% 11 to 30

Abundant >75% >30

Abundance categories have been adapted from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans’ Coastal/Estuarine Fish Habitat Description and Assessment Manual (1990). Percent areal coverage refers specifically to areas along transects where the species was observed within the specified species depth range Locations where species were observed can be found on Drawing 3910‐D‐04.1, and tidal depth ranges for observed species can be found in Tables A1.1 – A1.5. Elevations and boundaries between different substrate and biota types were mapped using estimated tidal elevations, local geographical features and survey tapes. General survey observations were documented between transects, including change in substrate types, and biota abundance or distribution. Elevations were related to Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart Datum. Photographs illustrating typical species and biota observations are provided in Drawings 3910‐D‐04.1 and 3910‐D‐05.1. Substrate and biota are mapped to drawings on the basis of "presence" (not density), however, the number of tags/symbols present in a given area can provide, in relative terms, an indication of abundance and uniformity. Where tags/symbols are grouped together in an area, the tagged substrate or biota can be assumed to be contiguous. 2.2 Survey Methods 2.2.1 Above‐Water Survey methods were adapted from Fisheries and Oceans Canada protocols (1990). The above‐water portions of the survey were conducted during periods of lower tides from October 18th to 20th, 2017. Low tides ranged from +1.7m to +2.4m CD. Transect tapes were placed from either the high water mark (+5m CD), or the highest intertidal shoreline elevation available, to the water line (see Drawing 3910‐D‐01.1 for above and below‐water transect locations). Substrate conditions and species presence and abundance were documented within a 2 metre belt (1 metre on each side of the transect tape). Photographs of typical and rare observations were recorded for each transect. A reconnaissance survey was performed within areas between transects to confirm that transect observations were representative of overall site habitat conditions.


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2.2.2 Below‐water A SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) equipped QEP dive team familiar with the local ecology performed an underwater biophysical survey of the lower intertidal and subtidal zone from October 18th to 20th, 2017. The below‐water biophysical survey extended the above water transects approximately 60m offshore, to depths ranging from ‐5.0m to ‐10m CD, depending on the location characteristics. Below‐water procedures followed the same protocol as those outlined for above‐water, including belt transect widths, photographs and between transect reconnaissance observations. Drop‐dives were completed at 4 locations (Drawing 3910‐D‐01.1) within the dredge basin, along with swims between transects to confirm that conditions were similar to those found on adjacent transects. An additional below‐water survey was completed on October 27th, 2017 to collect greater detail on bivalve presence throughout the survey area. Twelve locations were selected based on previous reconnaissance work (see Drawing 3910‐D‐01.1) to document signs of bivalve presence, including clam siphons, infaunal burrows, signs of predation (including predators and shells), and the presence of juvenile bivalves within the top 20cm of sand/sediment. SCUBA equipped QEPs used quadrats to quantify the abundance of siphons and potential bivalve burrows. Box samplers were used to collect sand and sediment samples; each sample was sifted at the surface to identify the presence of juvenile clam species. Samples and observations were collected at multiple elevations, ranging from +3m to ‐7m CD at each location. High value habitats, including eelgrass patches, bull kelp, and bands of sugar wrack kelp were identified, mapped, and assessed for general health and abundance; see Balanced Drawing 3910‐D‐02.3 Habitat in Appendix 1 for an illustration of their distribution. Endpoints of eelgrass, bull kelp and sugar wrack habitat areas were mapped using GPS points. The width of eelgrass habitat was measured using transect tapes. Sugar wrack kelp was mapped using abundance estimates and depth ranges measured during transect surveys. This information was extrapolated between transects based on observations made during reconnaissance surveys as illustrated on Balanced Drawing 3910‐D‐02.3 Habitat. General abundance of eelgrass and sugar wrack kelp was quantified using 1m2 quadrats. Bull kelp coverage was sparse, and estimated with surface and diver observations.

SECTION 3 BIOPHYSICAL CONDITIONS

3.1 Physical Conditions – see Drawing 3910‐D‐03.1 Substrate in Appendix 1 The survey area contains a protected subtidal basin along the northern shoreline of Burrard Inlet. This area was repeatedly dredged in the 1940s, 50s and 60s, leaving dredge basins varying in depth from ‐5m to ‐8m CD, and an intertidal berm (Southern Intertidal Area) along the dredge basin’s southern edge (+2m to +3m CD) sheltering the area from tidal currents, large waves and wash created by passing vessel traffic. An anthropogenic dredged channel flows into the northwest corner of the Northeast Basin. Locally known as the "Barge Channel", this brackish channel receives fresh storm‐water and groundwater inputs from upslope areas that mix with saltwater inflows during periods of high tide. Along the northern shoreline of the dredge basin, the foreshore area above the high water line (+5.0m CD) consisted mostly of cobble and woody debris. Concrete debris covered parts of the north and northwest shoreline, where this material had likely been placed historically to stabilize the intertidal zone between the


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upland riparian and the intertidal dredge cut. The margins between the high intertidal zone and the upland riparian were often characterized by signs of upland erosion, where soils had been washed away leaving an exposed edge of soil, roots, and loose rock. The high to mid intertidal zone (+5m to +2.5m CD) throughout the inside of the dredge basin was typically covered with various blends of cobble, pebble, and sand. Substrates generally became finer as depth increased. The low intertidal and shallow subtidal (+2.5m to ‐2.5m CD) were generally composed of a mix of cobble, pebble, and sand that gradually transitioned to finer materials as the slopes decreased. The base of the dredge cut slope was often covered in clam and cockle shells, and woody debris. The bottom of the main dredge basin varied in depth from approximately ‐5 to ‐8m CD. Substrate at these depths consisted of fine sand, silt, and mud; materials generally became finer towards the middle of the dredge basin. Woody debris and various anthropogenic materials were found scattered throughout the main dredge basin. Intertidal areas along the east and west slopes of the dredge basin (+5 to 0m CD) consisted of mixed cobble, pebble and sand that generally transitioned from larger to smaller and finer substrates with increasing depth. The Southern Intertidal Area between the dredge basin and Burrard Inlet consisted of various mixtures of cobble, pebble, sand, and shell hash throughout the intertidal (+3m to 0m CD). As the slope increased along the southern edge, cobble and pebble covered a sandy, current swept bottom from 0m to ‐10m CD. In the southeast corner of the survey area, a shallow channel (approximately 200m long, 50m wide, and 0m to ‐2m CD in depth) between the dredge basin and Burrard Inlet consisted of cobble and pebble covering a mostly sand bottom. 3.2 Biological Conditions ‐ see Drawing 3910‐D‐04.1 Biota in Appendix 1 3.2.1 Intertidal Zone The foreshore situated above the high water line along the northern shoreline was often found at the edge of an eroded bank or covered with concrete rubble and blasted rock, precluding marsh plants from becoming established. In areas where conditions permitted the growth of marsh plants (shallow slopes and finer substrates), rare occurrences of marsh plants including pickleweed (Salicornia sp.), silverweed (Argentina anserine), seashore saltgrass (Distichlis spicata), and common orache (Atriplex sp.) were observed. The intertidal zone (+5m to 0m CD) contained an abundance of acorn barnacles (Balanus glandula) and bay mussels (Mytilus trossulus) found attached to cobble and other large substrates. Green and purple shore crabs (Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Hemigrapsus nudus) were also common in sandy burrows and beneath larger cobbles. Limpets (Tectura scutum) and dogwinkle snails (Nucella sp.) were commonly observed within pebble and cobble substrates. On the Southern Intertidal Area, between the dredge basin and Burrard Inlet, Turkish washcloth (Mastocarpus papillatus) and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) were found scattered amongst the cobbles and sand. Sea lettuce (Ulva fenestrata) was abundant in large patches along the eastern and outer shorelines at mid‐intertidal elevations. At low intertidal elevations (+1.5m to 0m CD) sugar wrack kelp (Saccharina latissimi) and red spaghetti (Gracilaria sp.) were found where stable substrate allowed for attachment. 3.2.2 Subtidal Zone The shallow subtidal zone (0m to ‐5m CD) provided habitat for a number of brown and red algae species; abundance and diversity at these depths was likely driven by the amount of current and tidal flushing. Within


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the dredge basin and along the slopes of the dredge cut there was an abundance of sugar wrack kelp attached to scattered cobbles. These kelps were most common in the Southeast Channel, and along the southern and western shorelines of the dredge basin, but could be found in most shallow subtidal locations where substrates were large enough for attachment. Red seaweeds, sea lettuce, Japanese wireweed (Sargassum muticum), and winged kelp (Alaria esculenta) were most commonly observed on the slopes of the Southern Intertidal Area in Burrard Inlet, and within the Southeast Channel, where currents and tidal flow were comparatively high. Mobile invertebrate species, including Dungeness (Cancer magister), red rock (Cancer productus), and graceful (Metacarcinus gacilis) crabs, and ochre (Pisaster ochraceus), mottled (Evasterias troschelii) and leather (Dermasterias imbricata) sea stars were found throughout the shallow subtidal zone. Red rock crabs and mottled stars were occasionally observed feeding on cockles that had been excavated from the shallow sediments. The abundance of mobile invertebrates increased in Burrard Inlet and within the Southeast Channel, where currents were high, and decreased in the deeper subtidal zone, where currents were low and sediments were comparatively fine. Fish were rarely observed within the dredge basin. Rare sightings included sculpins (Artedius harringtoni), gunnels (Pholis ornata), and gobies (Coryphopterus nicholsi). Fish sightings were more common within the Southeast Channel and in Burrard Inlet; species observed here included sculpins, gunnels, kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus), English sole (Parophrys vetulus), and one spiny lumpsucker (Eumicrotremus orbis). 3.2.3 Eelgrass Eelgrass (Zostera marina) patches were found in two locations, on the northern slopes of the main dredge basin, and within the Southeast Channel. Two small patches were found along the northern slope, measuring 3m2 and 5m2 in size, with approximately 10 shoots per square metre. One comparatively large patch was found in the Southeast Channel, and appeared healthier than those found in the dredge basin, measuring approximately 250m2 in size, with an average of 19 shoots per square metre. By comparison, the eelgrass patch mapped in the Southeast Channel by Precision Identification in 2013 measured 300m2 in size. 3.2.4 Bivalves Various clam species and cockles were present throughout the dredge basin, in the Southeast Channel, and along the Burrard Inlet shoreline. Signs of presence included siphons extending from the sediment, shells, infaunal burrows, and juveniles found in collections of surface sediment. Fat gaper (Tresus capax) siphons were observed in the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal along the southern shoreline of the dredge basin, and in the Southeast Channel. The highest density of infaunal burrows was found in soft sediments along the northern shoreline of the dredge basin; these however likely belonged to ghost shrimp (Neotrypaea californiensis), also observed in the area. Nuttall’s cockles (Clinocardium nuttallii) and butter clams (Saxidomus gigantea) were observed (rarely) on the surface of soft sediments. Juveniles clams found in collected sediments included butter, manila (Venerupis philippinarum), littleneck (Protothaca staminea), and macoma (Macoma nasuta). Juveniles (typically macomas and littlenecks) were most abundant in locations along the Burrard Inlet shoreline. The presence of juveniles in sediment samples does not necessarily indicate the concentration or distribution of adults. 3.2.5 Kelps Bands of sugar wrack kelp were found throughout the main dredge basin, in the Southeast Channel, and along the southern slopes of the Southern Intertidal Area at similar densities and elevations to those found by Hemmera in 2013. Sugar wrack found in the main dredge basin was typically covered with a dusting of silt, and


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was generally more tattered than sugar wrack found in the Southeast Channel and along the southern slopes of the Southern Intertidal Area. Bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) was found along the western margins of the southern slope of the Southern Intertidal Area (from ‐1m to ‐3m CD), while no bull kelp was found inside the main dredge basin. Density along the Southern Intertidal Area was estimated at less than 1 stipe per square metre. Bull kelp is an annual species that often washes away in winter storms. The abundance and distribution of stipes observed during the October survey may vary in comparison to the abundance and distribution during spring and summer months.

SECTION 4 CONCLUSION

Substrate conditions and biota extent and density were similar to those documented by Hemmera in 2013. Eelgrass abundance had declined slightly in the Southeast Channel (from 300 m2 to 250m2); changes in the size and shape of eelgrass meadows are common as sediment conditions shift over time. Bull kelp was not found inside the main dredge basin, as it was in 2013, but this may be due to seasonal differences in abundance and distribution. The inferred presence of common clam species and cockles was similar to findings from 2013. Common biota observed in the dredge basin were also similar, including barnacles, mussels, and shore crabs in the intertidal, extensive bands of sugar wrack kelp, and a variety of crab and sea star species in the shallow subtidal. The highest abundance and diversity of species, including aggregations of eelgrass and bull kelp, continues to occur in the Southeast Channel and along the southern slopes of the Southern Intertidal Area, in Burrard Inlet. Based on the findings from this survey, there are opportunities for habitat enhancement in both the intertidal and subtidal regions of the dredge basin that could improve productivity and habitat values for marine species found in and around Burrard Inlet. At the time of this survey, the overall productivity of the dredge basin was notably lower than adjacent habitats found in the Southeast Channel and along the southern slopes of the Southern Intertidal Area in Burrard Inlet, where exposure to currents and tidal flushing were comparatively high.

SECTION 5 REFERENCES

Fisheries and Oceans Canada. 1990. Coastal/Estuarine Fish Habitat Description and Assessment Manual. Habitat Description Procedures, Part II. Vancouver, BC. 61p. Hemmera Envirochem Inc. 2015. Existing Ecological Conditions: Proposed Maplewood Subtidal Restoration Project. 102p. Precision Identification. 2013. Assessment of Potential Eelgrass Transplant Sites, Maplewood, North Vancouver. Port Metro Vancouver Habitat Enhancement Program.


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SECTION 6 CLARIFICATIONS AND SIGNATURES

This report has been prepared by Balanced Environmental Services Inc. (Balanced) in accordance with generally accepted Qualified Environmental Professional (QEP) practices and is intended for the exclusive use of the Client. The contents, implied or written, of this document and related media may not be utilized in part or in whole by parties other than the Client without the signed written authorization of Balanced. The information contained within this report reflects Balanced’s best judgment in light of the information available to it at the time of preparation and has been developed in a manner consistent with that level of care and standard normally exercised by QEPs currently practicing under similar conditions and is accurate and complete to the best of Balanced’s knowledge. This report does not constitute approval under any municipal, provincial, or federal legislation and does not relieve the Client from their obligation to comply with the requirements of the Fisheries Act or any other municipal, provincial, or federal rules or regulations. PRODUCED BY: REVIEWED / APPROVED BY: __________________________________ __________________________________ Mark Thompson, MSc. Scott Christie, R.P.Bio. Project Biologist Principal and Senior Biologist

APPENDIX 1 – DRAWINGS

Drawing 3910‐D‐01.1 Site Map

Drawing 3910‐D‐02.3 Habitat

Drawing 3910‐D‐03.1 Substrate

Drawing 3910‐D‐04.1 Biota

Drawing 3910‐D‐05.1 Photographs

Drawing 3910‐D‐06.1 Northeast Basin Biota

Drawing 3910‐D‐07.1 Main Basin Biota

Drawing 3910‐D‐08.1 Southern Intertidal Area Biota


APPENDIX 2 – SPECIES TABLES

Table A1.1 – A1.5: Observed Biota Abundance and Tidal Range

Table A2: Bivalve Survey Findings


Table A1.1: Observed Biota Abundance and Tidal Range. Transects 1 – 3.

Abundance Abundance Abundance

Description Upper Lower Description Upper Lower Description Upper Lower

Barnacles

Acorn Balanus glandula PAC Common 3 -6.5 Common 3 -6.5 Common 3 -6.5

Bivalves

Bay Mussel Mytilus trossulus PAC Common 3 1.5 Common 2.5 1.5 Common 3 1.5

Butter Clam Saxidomus gigantea IOT

False Jingle Pododesmus macrochisma IOT

Fat Gaper Tresus capax IOT

Littleneck Protothaca staminea IOT

Macoma Macoma nasuta IOT

Manila Venerupis philippinarum IOT

Nuttall's Cockle Clinocardium nuttallii IOT

Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas IOT Few 3 0 Few 3 0.5

Shipworm Bankia setacea IOT

Brown Algae

Bull Kelp Nereocystis luetkeana IOT Sparse -1 -3

Rockweed Fucus gardneri IOT

Sargassum Sargassum muticum IOT Rare 0 -1.5 Rare 0 -2.5

Sugar Wrack Saccharina latissima IOT Few 0 -4 Few 0 -4 Few 1 -3

Winged Kelp Alaria esculenta IOT Rare 1 -2 Rare 0 -1.5

Green Algae

Sea Lettuce Ulva fenestrata PAC Few 3 1 Sparse 3 1 Few 3 1

Red Algae

Iodine Seaweed Prionitis lyallii PAC Rare -1 -4 Rare -1 -2.5

Pacfic Rose Rhodymenia pacifica PAC Rare 0 -3.5

Red Fringe Smithora naiadum PAC

Red Spaghetti Gracilaria sp. PAC Rare 1 -3 Rare 0 -3 Rare -2 -3

Turkish Washcloth Mastocarpus papillatus PAC Sparse 3.5 1 Rare 3.5 2

Seagrass

Eelgrass Zostera marina PAC

Chitons

Lined Chiton Tonicella sp. IOT

Crabs

Dungeness Cancer magister IOT Sparse 1 -6.5 Rare -2 -2 Rare 0 -5

Graceful Metacarcinus gracilis IOT Rare 0 -1.5

Green Shore Hemigrapsus oregonensis IOT Few 2 -1 Few 2 -1 Sparse 2 0

Northern Kelp Pugettia producta IOT Rare -1 -3

Purple Shore Hemigrapsus nudus IOT Few 3 -1.5 Few 3 0 Few 3 0

Red Rock Cancer productus IOT Rare 0 -2 Rare -2 -2

Limpets and Snails

Dogwinkle Snail Nucella sp. IOT

Plate Limpet Tectura scutum IOT

Nudibranchs

Hooded Melibe leonina IOT

Opalescent Hermissenda crassicornis IOT Rare 0 -2

Sea Anemones

Giant Plumose Metridium farcimen IOT Rare -2 -3.5 Rare -1 -3

Tube-dwelling Pachycerianthus fimbriatus IOT Rare -1.5 -2

Sea Cucumbers

Giant Red Parastichopus californicus IOT Rare 0 -2 Rare -1.5 -2

Sea Urchins

Green Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis IOT

Sea Stars

Leather Dermasterias imbricata IOT Sparse 1 -3.5 Rare 0 -2 Sparse -1 -3.5

Mottled Evasterias troschelii IOT Sparse 0 -3 Sparse 1 -3 Few 1 -4

Ochre Pisaster ochraceus IOT Sparse 1.5 -2 Rare 1.5 0

Jellies

Moon Jelly Aurelia lab iata IOT Rare 1 1

Comb Jelly Euplokamis dunlapae IOT Rare 0 -3 Rare -3 -3

Fish

English Sole Parophrys vetulus IOT Rare -4 -4 Rare -3 -4

Black-eyed Goby Coryphopterus nicholsi IOT

Kelp Greenling Hexagrammos decagrammus IOT Rare -2 -3

Spiny Lumpsucker Eumicrotremus orb is IOT Rare -3 -3

Scalyhead Sculpin Artedius harringtoni IOT

Saddleback Gunnel Pholis ornata IOT

Shrimp

Ghost Shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis IOT Sparse -1 -2.5

T3

Chart Datum RangeChart Datum Range

T1

Common Name Scientific Name

T2

Chart Datum RangeMethod

See Section 2: Biophysical Survey Methodologies, for species abundance and range descriptions.

PAC: Percent Area Coverage

IOT: Individuals on Transect





Barnacles

Acorn Balanus glandula PAC Few -1 -2 Few -1 -2 Few -1 -2

Bivalves

Bay Mussel Mytilus trossulus PAC

Butter Clam Saxidomus gigantea IOT Rare -2 -2






Nuttall's Cockle Clinocardium nuttallii IOT

Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas IOT Sparse 0 -2.5


Brown Algae

Bull Kelp Nereocystis luetkeana IOT


Sargassum Sargassum muticum IOT Sparse -1 -2 Few -1 -2

Sugar Wrack Saccharina latissima IOT Abundant -1 -2.5 Abundant -1 -2 Abundant -1 -2

Winged Kelp Alaria esculenta IOT

Green Algae

Sea Lettuce Ulva fenestrata PAC Common -0.5 -2 Common 0 -2

Red Algae

Iodine Seaweed Prionitis lyallii PAC Sparse -1 -2.5 Rare -1 -2

Pacfic Rose Rhodymenia pacifica PAC

Red Fringe Smithora naiadum PAC Common -1 -2

Red Spaghetti Gracilaria sp. PAC Few -1 -2 Few -1 -2

Turkish Washcloth Mastocarpus papillatus PAC Few -1 -2

Seagrass

Eelgrass Zostera marina PAC Common -1 -2

Chitons


Crabs

Dungeness Cancer magister IOT Sparse 0 -2.5 Few 0 -2 Rare 0 -2

Graceful Metacarcinus gracilis IOT

Green Shore Hemigrapsus oregonensis IOT Sparse -0.5 -2.5 Rare 0 -2 Rare 0 -2

Northern Kelp Pugettia producta IOT Rare -2 -2

Purple Shore Hemigrapsus nudus IOT Rare 0 -2 Rare 0 -2

Red Rock Cancer productus IOT Rare -2 -2 Rare -1 -2 Rare -1 -2

Limpets and Snails

Dogwinkle Snail Nucella sp. IOT


Nudibranchs

Hooded Melibe leonina IOT Rare -2 -2.5 Common -1 -2

Opalescent Hermissenda crassicornis IOT

Sea Anemones

Giant Plumose Metridium farcimen IOT

Tube-dwelling Pachycerianthus fimbriatus IOT

Sea Cucumbers

Giant Red Parastichopus californicus IOT

Sea Urchins

Green Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis IOT Rare -1 -2.5 Rare -1 -2

Sea Stars

Leather Dermasterias imbricata IOT

Mottled Evasterias troschelii IOT Sparse 0 -2.5 Sparse 0 -2

Ochre Pisaster ochraceus IOT

Jellies

Moon Jelly Aurelia lab iata IOT

Comb Jelly Euplokamis dunlapae IOT

Fish

English Sole Parophrys vetulus IOT


Kelp Greenling Hexagrammos decagrammus IOT

Spiny Lumpsucker Eumicrotremus orb is IOT

Scalyhead Sculpin Artedius harringtoni IOT


Shrimp

Ghost Shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis IOT

Common Name Scientific Name Method

T4 T5 T6

Chart Datum Range Chart Datum Range Chart Datum Range








Barnacles

Acorn Balanus glandula PAC Sparse 2 -4 Common 3.5 -4 Common 3.5 -5

Bivalves

Bay Mussel Mytilus trossulus PAC Rare 2.5 1 Sparse 3 1.5 Common 3 1.5


False Jingle Pododesmus macrochisma IOT Rare -1 -2

Fat Gaper Tresus capax IOT Rare 2 -1.5




Nuttall's Cockle Clinocardium nuttallii IOT Rare -3 -6

Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas IOT

Shipworm Bankia setacea IOT Rare -2 -3 Rare 0 -2 Rare -2 -2

Brown Algae


Rockweed Fucus gardneri IOT Rare 2.5 1.5 Rare 3.5 1.5

Sargassum Sargassum muticum IOT

Sugar Wrack Saccharina latissima IOT Sparse 0 -2.5 Sparse 0 -2.5 Sparse 0 -3


Green Algae

Sea Lettuce Ulva fenestrata PAC

Red Algae

Iodine Seaweed Prionitis lyallii PAC Rare 0.5 -2



Red Spaghetti Gracilaria sp. PAC

Turkish Washcloth Mastocarpus papillatus PAC Rare 3.5 2.5

Seagrass


Chitons

Lined Chiton Tonicella sp. IOT Rare 0 -2

Crabs

Dungeness Cancer magister IOT Rare -1 -4 Sparse 0 -6.5 Rare -1 -6.5

Graceful Metacarcinus gracilis IOT Sparse 0 -3.5 Rare -1 -2 Sparse -1 -2

Green Shore Hemigrapsus oregonensis IOT Sparse 2 -1 Sparse 2 -1 Abundant 2 -1

Northern Kelp Pugettia producta IOT

Purple Shore Hemigrapsus nudus IOT Rare 3 0 Sparse 3 0

Red Rock Cancer productus IOT Rare -2 -2

Limpets and Snails

Dogwinkle Snail Nucella sp. IOT Rare 4.5 2 Rare 4.5 2

Plate Limpet Tectura scutum IOT Rare 2.5 1

Nudibranchs

Hooded Melibe leonina IOT Common -1 -2

Opalescent Hermissenda crassicornis IOT Sparse -4 -6 Rare -4 -5

Sea Anemones

Giant Plumose Metridium farcimen IOT Sparse -1 -4 Rare -2 -3


Sea Cucumbers


Sea Urchins


Sea Stars


Mottled Evasterias troschelii IOT Sparse -2 -3 Rare 0 -4


Jellies

Moon Jelly Aurelia labiata IOT


Fish




Spiny Lumpsucker Eumicrotremus orbis IOT

Scalyhead Sculpin Artedius harringtoni IOT Sparse -1 -1


Shrimp

Ghost Shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis IOT Rare -3 -4

Common Name Scientific Name Method Chart Datum Range

T8 T9T7

Chart Datum Range Chart Datum Range








Barnacles

Acorn Balanus glandula PAC Common 3.5 -5 Common 3.5 -5 Common 3 -4

Bivalves

Bay Mussel Mytilus trossulus PAC Rare 3 1.5 Few 3 1.5 Rare 3 1.5



Fat Gaper Tresus capax IOT Rare 0 -1.5




Nuttall's Cockle Clinocardium nuttallii IOT Rare -4 -4 Rare -2.5 -4



Brown Algae




Sugar Wrack Saccharina latissima IOT Common 0 -4.5 Common 0 -4.5


Green Algae


Red Algae

Iodine Seaweed Prionitis lyallii PAC Rare 0.5 -2



Red Spaghetti Gracilaria sp. PAC

Turkish Washcloth Mastocarpus papillatus PAC Rare 3.5 1

Seagrass


Chitons


Crabs

Dungeness Cancer magister IOT Rare -5 -6.5 Rare 0 -6.5 Rare -2 -5

Graceful Metacarcinus gracilis IOT Sparse -1 -4 Sparse -1 -2

Green Shore Hemigrapsus oregonensis IOT Abundant 3.5 -2 Abundant 3.5 -2 Few 2.5 0

Northern Kelp Pugettia producta IOT Rare -1.5 -1.5

Purple Shore Hemigrapsus nudus IOT Sparse 3 0 Sparse 3 1 Rare 3 1

Red Rock Cancer productus IOT Rare -1 -6.5 Rare -3 -6

Limpets and Snails

Dogwinkle Snail Nucella sp. IOT Rare 4.5 2 Rare 4.5 3

Plate Limpet Tectura scutum IOT Rare 1.5 0 Rare 1 0

Nudibranchs

Hooded Melibe leonina IOT

Opalescent Hermissenda crassicornis IOT Sparse -3 -5

Sea Anemones

Giant Plumose Metridium farcimen IOT Rare -1 -4 Rare -2 -4


Sea Cucumbers


Sea Urchins


Sea Stars


Mottled Evasterias troschelii IOT Rare -1 -4


Jellies



Fish




Spiny Lumpsucker Eumicrotremus orb is IOT

Scalyhead Sculpin Artedius harringtoni IOT Rare 1 -2.5

Saddleback Gunnel Pholis ornata IOT Rare 1.5 -1

Shrimp

Ghost Shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis IOT Few -2 -5.5

Common Name Scientific Name Method Chart Datum RangeChart Datum Range Chart Datum Range

T10 T11 T12






Abundance Abundance

Description Upper Lower Description Upper Lower

Barnacles

Acorn Balanus glandula PAC Common 3 -5 Common 3.5 -4

Bivalves

Bay Mussel Mytilus trossulus PAC Sparse 3 1.5 Rare 3 1.5







Nuttall's Cockle Clinocardium nuttallii IOT Rare -2 -2.5



Brown Algae


Rockweed Fucus gardneri IOT Rare 3 1.5 Rare 3 1.5


Sugar Wrack Saccharina latissima IOT Few 0 -5 Sparse 0 -4.5


Green Algae


Red Algae

Iodine Seaweed Prionitis lyallii PAC


Red Fringe Smithora naiadum PAC Sparse -1 -2

Red Spaghetti Gracilaria sp. PAC Few 0 -3

Turkish Washcloth Mastocarpus papillatus PAC Rare 3 1

Seagrass

Eelgrass Zostera marina PAC ü

Chitons


Crabs

Dungeness Cancer magister IOT Sparse 0 -4.5

Graceful Metacarcinus gracilis IOT Rare -2 -3 Rare 0 -2.5

Green Shore Hemigrapsus oregonensis IOT Common 3 -2 Common 3 0

Northern Kelp Pugettia producta IOT

Purple Shore Hemigrapsus nudus IOT Rare 2 0 Rare 0 -2.5

Red Rock Cancer productus IOT

Limpets and Snails

Dogwinkle Snail Nucella sp. IOT Rare 3 3 Rare 3 3


Nudibranchs

Hooded Melibe leonina IOT Rare -2 -3

Opalescent Hermissenda crassicornis IOT Sparse -3 -6

Sea Anemones

Giant Plumose Metridium farcimen IOT Rare -1 -4


Sea Cucumbers


Sea Urchins


Sea Stars


Mottled Evasterias troschelii IOT Sparse 1.5 -3


Jellies



Fish


Black-eyed Goby Coryphopterus nicholsi IOT Rare -1.5 -3


Spiny Lumpsucker Eumicrotremus orbis IOT

Scalyhead Sculpin Artedius harringtoni IOT Rare 1 0


Shrimp

Ghost Shrimp Neotrypaea californiensis IOT Rare -4 -5 Rare -5 -5.5

T13 T14

Chart Datum Range Chart Datum RangeCommon Name Scientific Name Method





Table A2: Bivalve Survey Findings

Bivalve numbers at each site aggregated from 1 to 3 benthic samples (see brackets).

1(2) 2(2) 3(3) 4(1) 5(2) 6(1) 7(1) 8(1) 9(1) 10(1) 11(1) 12(1)

Butter Clam Saxidomus gigantea 1 1 1 1

Fat Gaper Tresus capax

Littleneck Protothaca staminea 1 1 2 1 1 2 2

Macoma Macoma nasuta 2 4 4 1 12 21

Manila Venerupis philippinarum 1 8 12 11 2

Nuttall's Cockle Clinocardium nuttallii 2 1 1 1

Sample Location (number of benthic samples)Common Name Scientific Name

APPENDIX C

Bird Use Studies

Hemmera Envirochem Inc.

18th Floor, 4730 Kingsway

Burnaby, BC V5H 0C6

T: 604.669.0424

F: 604.669.0430

hemmera.com

July 26, 2018 File: 302-035.05 (989565-05) Vancouver Fraser Port Authority 100 The Pointe 999 Canada Place Vancouver, BC V6C 3T4

Attn: Charlotte Olson, P.Geo., PMP, Manager, Infrastructure Habitat Development

Dear Ms. Olson,

Re: Bird Use Studies for Maplewood Marine Restoration Project, Burrard Inlet, North Vancouver, BC

This Work was performed in accordance with the Contract for Environmental Advisory Services for Phase

2 of the Habitat Enhancement Program between Hemmera Envirochem Inc. (“Hemmera”) and Vancouver

Fraser Port Authority (VFPA) (“Client”), dated July 1, 2015 (“Contract”). This Report has been prepared by

Hemmera, based on a desktop review and fieldwork conducted by Hemmera for the sole benefit of, and

use by, VFPA. In performing this Work, Hemmera has relied in good faith on information provided by others

and has assumed that the information provided by those individuals is both complete and accurate. This

Work was performed to current industry standard practice for similar environmental work, within the relevant

jurisdiction and same locale. The findings presented herein should be considered within the context of the

scope of work and project terms of reference; further, the findings are time sensitive and are considered

valid only at the time the Report was produced. The conclusions and recommendations contained in this

Report are based upon the applicable guidelines, regulations, and legislation existing at the time the Report

was produced; any changes in the regulatory regime may alter the conclusions and/or recommendations.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

The Maplewood Marine Restoration Project (MMRP, or “Project”) is a habitat enhancement project

proposed by the VFPA Habitat Enhancement Program (HEP). HEP is a VFPA program whose goal is to

balance a healthy environment with infrastructure development opportunities. HEP creates and enhances

fish and wildlife habitat for habitat banking purposes, use as offsetting for port infrastructure projects, or a

combination of both. The Project lies within VFPA jurisdiction on the north shore of Burrard Inlet,

http://www.hemmera.com/

Vancouver Fraser Port Authority Hemmera MMRP Bird Studies - 2 - July 2018

approximately two kilometres east of the Ironworkers Memorial Bridge. The Project is immediately south of

a wildlife conservation area, the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area (MFCA), which is leased to

Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) and managed by the Wild Bird Trust (WBT) of British

Columbia (Figure 1). WBT’s mandate is to protect wild birds and their habitat.

The Project area is located within a marine tidal basin up to nine metres deep (the Maplewood Basin) and

an intertidal area to the south of the Maplewood Basin. The Maplewood Basin consists of the previously

dredged area of Maplewood Flats, encompassing the Northeast Basin and Main Basin. The Maplewood

Basin was dredged in the 1940s to support gravel extraction and was later used as a log storage facility.

The Project is anticipated to enhance approximately seven hectares of low-value marine habitat into higher-

value marine habitat for fish, birds, and other wildlife. Proposed habitat enhancements include a tidal

channel, subtidal rock reef habitat, eelgrass habitat, and intertidal flat habitat (Figure 1). The majority of

the construction work is scheduled to occur during the appropriate least-risk timing windows for Burrard

Inlet. The least-risk timing windows to mitigate risk of negative effects to juvenile salmonids is August 16th

to February 28th. Any work outside the windows would occur with appropriate mitigation in place. (August

16 through to February 28; AECOM Canada Ltd. 2018).

This report describes the results of a review of available data for bird use of the Project area and a raptor

and heron stick nest survey completed in March 2018.

1.2 FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL REGULATIONS

The provincial BC Wildlife Act protects vertebrate animals from direct harm, except as allowed by regulation

(e.g. hunting or trapping). Under this legislation, any vertebrate species other than fish can be legally

designated as endangered or threatened. The BC Conservation Data Centre (CDC) assesses the level that

species or ecological communities are at risk of being lost, and, based on this assessment, assigns a

provincial conservation status rank. Based on each species’ conservation status rank, an assignment to

the red, blue or yellow list helps set conservation priorities and provides a simplified view of the status of

BC's species. These lists help to identify species that can be considered for designation as "Endangered"

or "Threatened."

The federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) exists to prevent wildlife species in Canada from disappearing, to

provide for the recovery of wildlife species that are extirpated (no longer exist in the wild in Canada),

endangered, or threatened as a result of human activity, and to manage species of special concern to

prevent them from becoming endangered or threatened (Environment and Climate Change Canada 2016).

The federal Migratory Birds Convention Act, 1994 (MBCA), exists to protect and conserve migratory birds—

as populations and individual birds—and their nests. Under the MBCA, no person shall, without lawful

excuse, be in possession of a migratory bird or nest, or, buy, sell, exchange or give a migratory bird or nest

or make it the subject of a commercial transaction.


As there is no anticipated spatial (i.e., no construction activities proposed in the upland) or temporal (i.e.,

no construction activities proposed during the general nesting periods of migratory birds1 in the region (i.e.,

mid-March to mid-August)) overlap with birds covered under the MBCA and Project construction activities,

contravention of the MBCA is not anticipated. As such, only birds listed under BC’s red and blue lists, SARA,

and the BC Wildlife Act will be considered for potential interactions with the Project.

1 The general nesting period for migratory birds in Canada (Government of Canada 2017) covers most federally protected

migratory bird species; raptor nesting windows are more varied, and are described in Guidelines for Raptor Conservation During Urban and Rural Land Development in British Columbia (MOE 2013).

Path: S:\Geomatics\Projects\989565\Maplewood\05\mxd\Bird Studies\Fig1__302_035_05_Maplewood_BirdStudies_ProjectArea_180508.mxd

P roduction Date: Jul 26, 2018

P a ge Size: 11" x 17"

Figure 1

N AD 1983 UTM Zon e 10N

1. All m a pped fea tures are approxim a te a n d should b e used for discussionpurposes on ly.2. This m ap is n ot in ten ded to b e a “sta n d-a lon e” docum en t, b ut a visua l a idof the in form ation con ta in ed within the referen ced Report. It is in ten ded tob e used in con jun ction with the scope of services a n d lim itation s describ edtherein .3. BC Coasta l W a terb ird Survey (BCCW S) Area: surveys are typica llycon ducted durin g high tide, a n d do n ot provide spatia lly explicit records,on ly the n um b er a n d species of b irds ob served within a n d b eyon d 500 mfrom shore.

- P roject Boun da ry, Basin s, Cha n n e, a n d P roposed En ha n cm en t Featuresl:AECOM, 2018- Aeria l Im a ge: N orth Va n couver, 2013

Ä Ä ÄÄ Ä ÄÄ Ä ÄÄ Ä ÄÄ Ä Ä

Ä Ä Ä ÄÄ Ä Ä ÄÄ Ä Ä ÄÄ Ä Ä ÄÄ Ä Ä ÄÄ Ä Ä Ä

(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((

SOUTHERNIN TERTIDAL AREA

MAP LEW OOD BASIN MAIN BASIN

BARGE CHAN N EL

N ORTHEASTBASIN

SOUTHW ESTCHAN N EL(N EW )

MAP LEW OODFLATS

SOUTHEASTCHAN N EL

MAP LEW OOD FLATSCON SERVATION AREA

Osprey nest

07

08

11a

11b

12

13

18

19

23

24

00

0102

0304

05

06

0910

1415

16

17

20

2122

2526

BRIDGEST

RIVERSIDEDR

RIVERSIDEDRW

SEYMOUR BLVD

FORESTER ST

SEY MOURRIVERPL

DOLLARTON HW Y ON RAMP

MTSEY MOURP KY

MAIN ST

P LY MOUTH

DR

ELLISST

DOLLARTON HW Y

MUN STER AVE

HARBOUR RD

AMHERSTAVE

CHARLESST

W IN DRIDGE DR

RAILW AY ST

BOURN EMOUTHCRES

SP ICER RD

EKEITHRD

EDDY STON ECRES

OLD DOLLARTON RD

FRON T ST

N otes

Sources

Legen d

±1:7,500

0 100 200 300 400Metres

Stick N estW ild Bird Trust Mon thly Survey StationW ild Bird Trust Mon thly Survey Station with Clear Lin e ofSight to MMRP AreaCoasta l W a terb irds Survey exten t at Maplewood Flats(see n ote 3)Maplewood Marin e Restoration P roject Boun daryMaplewood BasinBarge Cha n n el

Northeast BasinIn tertida l Flat

ÄÄ

ÄÄÄ

EelgrassRock Reef

Southwest Channel

((((((((((((Rock Reef

Maplewood Marine Restoration Project Area

Bird Studies forMaplewood Marin e Restoration P roject

Burrard In let, Va n couver, BC

989565-05


2.0 OBJECTIVES

2.1 REVIEW OF AVAILABLE DATA FOR BIRD USE OF THE PROJECT AREA

The area proposed for the MMRP is immediately south of the MFCA. As such, it is necessary to understand

bird species richness, abundance, and distribution in the vicinity of the Project area to assist VFPA in

determining if Project construction activities could have an impact on local bird populations or individuals,

as well as to evaluate the need to implement mitigation measures. With consideration to the above acts

and assignations, a literature review was conducted to increase understanding of bird use of the Project

area.

The objectives of the literature review were to:

1. Provide a greater understanding of the bird species richness, abundance and distribution in the

vicinity of the proposed Project (including federally protected species at risk) to inform the

Ecological Conditions Report, VFPA Project Environmental Review (PER) application, and

potentially the development of mitigation measures to avoid or reduce impacts to birds; and

2. Based on the available information, determine whether additional fall, winter, or spring bird surveys

are required to inform the PER application.

2.2 RAPTOR AND HERON STICK NEST SURVEY – WINTER 2018

Under the BC Wildlife Act (s34b), the nests of select species (e.g., osprey (Pandion haliaetus), bald eagle

(Haliaeetus leucocephalus), and great blue heron (Ardea herodias), among others) are afforded year-round

protection, regardless of activity status. Osprey, bald eagles, and great blue herons will reuse nests

annually. Hemmera was informed that an osprey nest is located on the southernmost piling to the east of

the main basin (Ravi Chatterji, AECOM; personal communication), approximately 130 m from the Northeast

Basin (Figure 1). Peak Project construction activities (August 16 to February 28) have the potential to

overlap with the nesting periods of bald eagle (February to September), osprey (mid-March to mid-

September), and great blue heron (March to mid-August). If nest(s) of these species are present in the

vicinity of the Project, the need to implement mitigation measures will be evaluated.

The objective of the stick nest survey was to document any stick nests afforded year-round protection.

3.0 METHODS


Hemmera conducted a review of available data summarizing information on bird use of the Project area

from surveys conducted in previous years. The review was focused on waterbirds and water associated

birds which may be affected by Project activities. For the purposes of this review, the term waterbird was

used to refer to bird species that live in or around water and includes the following taxonomic orders:

Anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans), Gaviiformes (loons), Podicipediformes (grebes), Suliformes


(cormorants and allies), Pelecaniformes (pelicans, herons, and allies), Gruiformes (cranes and coots), and

Charadriiformes (plovers, sandpipers, and allies). Water associated birds are species which do not live in

the water, but forage over open water habitat (e.g., some Passeriformes (swallows, martins, dippers),

Apodiformes (swifts), and Caprimulgiformes (nighthawks)).

Fall migration, winter, and spring migration are the temporal periods where Project activities are anticipated

to overlap with bird use, so only data from these periods were reviewed.

Federally (SARA) or provincially (red or blue list) listed birds that may use the marine tidal area were

determined using the BC Conservation Data Centre Species and Ecosystems Explorer (BC CDC 2018). A

list of at risk species known to occur in Ministry of Environment (MOE) region 2 (Lower Mainland) and/or

ocean habitat (e.g., intertidal marine and subtidal marine) was downloaded and cross-referenced for

observations at the Project area using eBird (eBird 2018). Habitat associations for each species were

reviewed, and only species using habitat where construction activities are anticipated to occur (i.e., intertidal

or subtidal habitat) were cross-referenced. No temporal filter was applied to the eBird cross-referencing

assessment.

Data from the British Columbia Marine Conservation Analysis (BCMCA) Marine Atlas of Pacific Canada

(BCMCA 2018) and Nature Counts (Bird Studies Canada 2018) were reviewed and summarized. Data

acquired from the BCMCA and Nature Counts primarily came from BC Coastal Waterbirds Surveys

(BCCWS). BCCWS surveys are conducted by volunteers, typically during high tide, and do not provide

spatially explicit records, only the number and species of birds observed within and beyond 500 m from

shore. The results of the data review were focused on birds identified as species of management or

conservation concern (i.e., federally listed under the SARA or provincially listed (red or blue list)) and that

were documented using the Project area during fall, winter, and spring (October through May, RIC 1999).

The review focused on these seasons because this is the time when bird diversity and abundance are

highest (eBird 2018), and when construction activities are anticipated to occur (i.e., August 16 to February

28). Bird observations from the eBird and BCCWS data cannot be confirmed to have occurred within the

Project footprint, however occurrence of water associated birds anywhere within the Maplewood Basin is

assumed likely.

In addition to the data acquired from the BCMCA and Nature Counts, data from ongoing WBT monthly bird

surveys of the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area were also reviewed. Ten stations (i.e., Station 7, 8, 11a,

11b, 12, 13, 18, 19, 23, and 24) with clear lines of sight to the intertidal flats or Maplewood Basin were used

to estimate abundance and distribution. Of these ten stations, five of them are directly adjacent to the

MMRP Northeast Basin boundary (i.e., 11a, 11b, 12, 13, and 23, Figure 1). As with the BCMCA and Nature

Counts data, this review focused on listed species occurring in fall, winter, and spring, with a spatial focus

on the intertidal flats and Maplewood Basin (i.e., birds observed from stations with clear lines of sight to

these areas).



A survey for stick nests, with a focus on raptor and great blue heron nests, was conducted on March 9,

2018 in upland areas of the MFCA, using adapted methods described in Inventory Methods for Raptors

(RIC 2001) and Inventory Methods for Colonial-Nesting Fresh Water Birds (RIC 1998). The nest survey

was conducted prior to vegetation green-up in the spring, when leaves were absent from trees and stick

nests were easily detected. A grid, with transects spaced 50 m apart, was established, which was then

overlaid on a georeferenced map of the forested area around the Project (Figure 2). A Hemmera biologist

and field assistant from the Tsleil-Waututh Nation surveyed the forested area on foot, keeping within 50 m

of all forested locations, whenever possible. Binoculars were used for a closer examination of any nests

observed.

All trees that could support a large stick nest (i.e., trees > 3 m tall, with large branches or crotches) within

the MFCA were inspected, and the location of each stick nest observed was recorded on a handheld GPS

device. Information collected for each nest detected included location, condition, activity level, and tree

species, if possible. If any identified nests were suspected to belong to a raptor or great blue heron, these

nests were to be revisited in summer (June) to confirm avian species use, as well as to check for signs of

nesting activity. Nests where no birds or signs of nesting activity were observed were to be reported as

unknown activity status.

Additionally, any species observed during the survey whose nests are protected year-round were recorded,

along with age and sex (if possible), behaviour (perching, standing, or flying), and perpendicular distance

to the bird from the observation location.

4.0 RESULTS


The BC CDC search returned 42 federally- and provincially-listed bird species (including birds associated

primarily with terrestrial habitat) that are known to occur in MOE region 2 and/or ocean habitat. Twenty-

seven (27) species of listed birds that use intertidal and/or subtidal habitat have been documented at the

MFCA or within the Maplewood Basin (Table 1) at various times throughout the year (eBird 2018).

In addition to the lack of spatial specificity and the lack of data from low tides, data from BCCWS for the

Maplewood Flats area (Figure 1) contained large and inconsistent temporal gaps. BCCWS data were only

available from surveys conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2010-2014. Over the 7 years in which BCCWS data

were collected, there were a total of 237 observations (of one or more waterbirds), with 45 species recorded

during the fall, winter, and/or spring (Appendix A). Of these 45 species, 2 are federally listed and 6 are

provincially listed (Table 1).


Data from WBT bird surveys were more fulsome and consistently collected than eBird or BCCWS data.

WBT survey data was available for surveys conducted in all years between 1979 and 2016; station locations

for each observation were available for all surveys that occurred after 1997 (Figure 1). Over the 20 years

in which station-specific data have been collected (i.e., 1997 to 2016), there were a total of 5,825 waterbird

observations made from a survey station with a clear line of sight to the intertidal flats or Maplewood Basin

(i.e., Station 7, 8, 11a, 11b, 12, 13, 18, 19, 23, or 24) of one or more water associated birds. Of these 5,825

waterbird observations, 833 were of provincially- or federally-listed species (Table 1).

Surf scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), and California gull

(Larus californicus) were the most abundant listed species observed (>3 observations per month, averaged

over 20 years), followed by horned grebe (Podiceps auritus), great blue heron, and purple martin (Progne

subis) (1 to 3 observations per month, Table 1).


Table 1 Average of Historic Federally and/or Provincially Listed Species Occurrences at Maplewood Flats

English Name Scientific Name BC List

SARA Schedule

COSEWIC eBird ‡ BCCWS ‡

WBT Mean Count §

Spring Winter Fall Fall, Winter, and Spring

American bittern Botaurus lentiginosus Blue - - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

American white pelican* Pelecanus erythrorhynchos

Red NAR (May

1987) - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Barn swallow † Hirundo rustica Blue T (May 2011) 1-T (Nov

2017) N/A 0 0.3 0 0 0.1

Black scoter † Melanitta americana Blue - - N/A N/A 0 1.2 0 0.4

Black swift Cypseloides niger Blue E (May 2015) - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Brandt's cormorant Phalacrocorax penicillatus

Red - - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Brant* Branta bernicla Blue - - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

California gull Larus californicus Blue - - N/A N/A 2.1 4.9 1.8 3.0

Caspian tern † Hydroprogne caspia Blue NAR (May

1999) - N/A 0 0.3 0 0 0.1

Common nighthawk* Chordeiles minor Yellow T (Apr 2007) 1-T (Feb

2010) N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Double-crested cormorant

Phalacrocorax auritus Blue NAR (May

1978) - N/A N/A 4.7 8.9 11.0 7.8

Eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis Blue - - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Great blue heron, fannini subspecies

Ardea herodias fannini

Blue SC (Mar

2008) 1-SC (Feb

2010) N/A N/A 3.0 1.0 3.8 2.4

Green heron Butorides virescens Blue - - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Horned grebe Podiceps auritus Yellow SC (Apr 2009)

1-SC N/A 0 1.6 2.9 3.4 2.5

Long-billed curlew Numenius americanus

Blue SC (May

2011) 1-SC (Jan

2005) N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis Blue - - N/A 0 0.1 0.1 0 0.1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_dagger_(typography)



English Name Scientific Name BC List

SARA Schedule

COSEWIC eBird ‡ BCCWS ‡

WBT Mean Count §


Marbled murrelet* Brachyramphus marmoratus

Blue T (May 2012) 1-T (Jun

2003) N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Purple martin Progne subis Blue - - N/A 0 3.5 0 0 1.3

Red-necked phalarope* Phalaropus lobatus Blue SC (2014) - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Rough-legged hawk* Buteo lagopus Blue NAR (May

1995) - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Short-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus Blue - - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata Blue - - N/A N/A 37.7 11.2 15.7 21.6

Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus Blue - - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Wandering tattler* Tringa incana Blue - - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

Western grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis

Red SC (May

2014) 1-SC

(2017) N/A N/A 0 0.1 1.5 0.4

Yellow-billed loon* Gavia adamsii Blue NAR (May

1997) - N/A 0 0 0 0 0

‡ N/A = species abundance is not available, however, species has been documented in the area.

§ Mean of total observations per month, assuming one survey was conducted per month.

† Species observation from WBT at Maplewood Flats > 3 years ago.

* Species observation from eBird at Maplewood Flats > 3 years ago.

While the specific locations of birds cannot be determined, waterbird or water associated bird observations made from Station 11a, 11b, 12, 13, or

23 are assumed to occur within the Northeast Basin, while those made from Station 7, 8, 18, 19, or 24 have potential to use habitat within the

Northeast Basin (Table 2).

Surf scoter and double-crested cormorant were the most abundant listed species observed, both within the Northeast Basin and adjacent habitat in

the Project area. Horned grebe and California gull were the next most abundant species within the Northeast Basin and adjacent areas, respectively

(Table 2). Long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis) was the only listed species that was observed in the Project Area, but with no observations in the

Northeast Basin.





Table 2 Average of Federally and/or Provincially Listed Species Occurrences Within Northeast Basin and Project Area from Wild Bird Trust Monthly Survey Data

Species

Observations within the Northeast Basin

(Station 11a, 11b, 12, 13, or 23) §

Observations within the Project Area

(Station 7, 8, 18, 19, or 24) §


Spring Winter Fall Fall, Winter, and

Spring

Avg SD Avg SD Avg SD Avg SD Avg SD Avg SD Avg SD Avg SD

Barn Swallow 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Black Scoter 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8

California Gull 0.7 2.7 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.4 2.4 4.9 17.8 1.7 5.1 2.8 6.7

Caspian Tern 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

Double-crested Cormorant 2.5 2.5 3.1 2.7 6.0 5.2 3.5 1.7 2.3 1.4 5.8 17.6 5.0 5.1 4.2 6.3

Great Blue Heron 1.2 1.2 0.6 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.8 1.3 0.5 0.9 2.2 1.0 1.4 0.7

Horned Grebe 0.8 2.0 1.7 3.0 2.1 3.6 1.5 2.6 0.8 1.8 1.1 1.7 1.3 2.4 1.0 1.7

Long-tailed Duck 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2

Purple Martin 1.3 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 2.2 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.3

Surf Scoter 6.0 16.2 4.6 7.5 3.5 11.2 4.8 9.7 31.7 106.5 6.6 19.5 12.3 41.1 16.8 40.5

Western Grebe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.1 2.3 0.3 0.6

§ Mean of total observations per month, assuming one survey was conducted per month.

An overview summary of water and water associated bird species recorded in the MFCA is presented in Appendix A.



The majority of the forested area at the MFCA was surveyed from a distance ≤ 50 m (Figure 2). Due to the

abundance of Himalayan blackberry (Rubus armeniacus), some treed areas could not be viewed within 50

m, and were surveyed from a distance of approximately 65 m. As both observers were equipped with

binoculars, and as the survey occurred prior to spring vegetation green up, surveyors were able to clearly

see all potential nest trees and any potential raptor and heron stick nests.

Six stick nests were observed and documented during the March 9, 2018 survey, none of which

were suspected to be eagle, osprey, or great blue heron (Figure 2). All observed stick nests (Photo 1 to

Photo 6) were considered too small to be nests of raptor or heron, and were suspected to belong to

northwestern crows (Corvus caurinus). One stick nest was smaller (approximately 0.25 m diameter) than

all others observed (Photo 1) and was located in the branches of a red alder (Alnus rubra). The remaining

five stick nests (Photo 2 to Photo 6) were slightly larger (approximately 0.5 m diameter) and were all

located in black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa).

In addition to the observed stick nests, two bald eagles were observed flying over the MFCA (Figure 2).

One eagle was a juvenile, observed circling near the southern shoreline and then flying from east to west;

the second eagle observed was a mature individual, flying from south to north, at the western edge of the

MFCA. No nests or evidence of nesting by species afforded year-round protection under the Wildlife Act

were documented in proximity to the stick nest survey area (i.e., survey track, as shown on Figure 2).

Path: O:\!300-325\302-035_HEP\Maplewood\05\mxd\HEP\Fig2__302_035_05_Maplewood_HEP_Stick_Nest_Survey_180315.mxd

P roduction Date: Mar 15, 2018

P a ge Size: 11" x 17"

302-035.05

N AD 1983 UTM Zon e 10N

1. All m a pped fea tures are approxim a te a n d should b e used for discussionpurposes on ly.2. This m ap is n ot in ten ded to b e a “sta n d-a lon e” docum en t, b ut a visua l a idof the in form ation con ta in ed within the referen ced Report. It is in ten ded tob e used in con jun ction with the scope of services a n d lim itation s describ edtherein .

- Aeria l Im a ge: N orth Va n couver, 2013

BRIDGEST

FORESTER ST

DO LLARTO N HW Y

O LD DO LLARTO N RD

BAEA

BAEA

Osprey nest

23

5

1

4

6

N otes

Sources

Stick Nest Survey Area andObserved Stick Nests and Raptors

Bird Studies forMaplewood Marin e Restoration P roject

Burrard In let, Va n couver, BC

Legen d

±1:4,000

0 20 40 60 80 100Metres

Ba ld Ea gle (Adult)Ba ld Ea gle (Juven ile)Stick N estStick N est Survey Track50 m Grid

Figure 2


Photo 1 Small stick nest (1) in red alder Photo 2 Medium stick nest (2) in black cottonwood

Photo 3 Medium stick nest (3) in black cottonwood





5.0 DISCUSSION

Existing survey data from eBird, BCCWS, and WBT, provide season-specific knowledge of waterbird

species richness and abundance (Appendix A, Table 1, Table 2) within the Project area dating back

multiple decades. Existing WBT data provides a coarse representation of the distribution of water

associated birds in the Northeast Basin and adjacent habitats based on survey station locations.

Of the listed species that are known to occur within or adjacent to the Project area, barn swallow (Hirundo

rustica), black scoter (Melanitta americana), and horned grebe had higher average abundancies within the

Northeast Basin than in adjacent habitats; the remaining eight listed species had higher abundancies in

habitats adjacent to the Northeast Basin (Table 2). No species were observed in the Northeast Basin that

were not also observed in adjacent habitats. These results suggest that similar habitat in the vicinity of the

Northeast Basin is available to meet the life requisites of these listed species during Project construction.

Spring and fall were found to be the seasons with the highest abundancies of waterbirds in the Project area,

both within and adjacent to the Northeast Basin (Table 2). Barn swallow, Caspian tern (Hydroprogne

caspia), purple martin, and surf scoter abundancies were highest in the spring, the temporal period

anticipated to have the least amount of overlap with Project construction activities (Table 2). Black scoter

abundance was highest in winter, while great blue heron, horned grebe, and western grebe (Aechmophorus

occidentalis) had highest abundance levels in the fall (Table 2). Double-crested cormorant abundance

levels were highest in winter and fall, and California gull abundance varied seasonally between Project area

and adjacent habitat.


Based on the anticipated timing and location of construction activities, black scoter, double-crested

cormorant, great-blue heron, horned grebe, and western grebe may be the most likely listed species to

have an interaction with the Project construction activities. California gull, which had relatively low use of

the Northeast Basin (but used adjacent habitats) in winter and fall may also experience an interaction with

the Project.

Construction activities related to the MMRP are anticipated to occur when many waterbirds and water

associated birds may be using the intertidal marine and subtidal marine habitats at Maplewood Flats for

foraging and resting. The information provided herein will help to inform the Ecological Conditions Report

and assist in establishing appropriate mitigation measures to be implemented during Project construction,

if necessary. Based on the review of existing information, sufficient waterbird data exists for the Project

area to adequately develop and implement measures to mitigate potential effects to birds, should they be

required.

The stick nest survey conducted on March 9, 2018 did not result in the detection of any stick nests afforded

year-round protection. Nests that were observed were determined to be too small for nesting raptors or

herons, and likely belonged to northwestern crows. As such, no follow up surveys are recommended.

The osprey nest located on a piling southeast of the MFCA was not observed during the survey of upland

habitat, but may be active during construction activities. This nest site is approximately 130 m southeast of

the Northeast Basin (Figure 1). Osprey are tolerant of human activity and readily nest on human-made

structures (MOE 2013). The recommended minimum buffer distance for osprey nests, as described in

Guidelines for Raptor Conservation during Urban and Rural Land Development in British Columbia

(MOE 2013), is 1.5 tree lengths (in this case, the height of the piling where the nest is present) in urban

settings. Given the proximity to industrial areas, shipping and major arterial roads (Ironworkers Memorial

Bridge), the setting is considered urban. In the event that land contouring, construction, or any other unusual

or sudden loud activities occur during the osprey breeding window (i.e., March 21 to September 5), an

additional 100 m buffer should be established to minimize disturbance to nesting individuals (MOE 2013).

Due to the sensitivity of the Project being located adjacent to a conservation area, it is recommended that

the 100 m buffer plus 1.5 tree lengths (conservatively considered 20 m for this osprey nest on a marine

pile) be implemented during Project construction as a best management practice. Appropriate mitigation

measures, if required, are anticipated to be identified as construction methodology and design development

proceeds. Measures are also anticipated to be informed by input from relevant permitting processes for the

proposed Project, including Aboriginal group input.


6.0 CLOSURE

The review of available data has provided a baseline understanding of the waterbird species richness and

abundance in the Project area, including listed species, during the proposed construction period. The

available data is deemed to be sufficient to inform the need for, and development of appropriate mitigation

measures. No additional studies are recommended at this time.

As the stick nest survey did not result in the detection of any stick nests afforded year-round protection, no

follow up surveys to verify nest activity status are recommended.

We have appreciated the opportunity of working with you on this project and trust that this report is

satisfactory to your requirements. Please feel free to contact the undersigned regarding any questions or

further information that you may require.

Report prepared by: Report peer reviewed by: Hemmera Envirochem Inc. Hemmera Envirochem Inc.

Kyle Routledge, B.Sc., R.P.Bio. James Rourke, M.Sc., R.P.Bio. Wildlife Biologist Senior Biologist 604.669.0424 (104) 604.669.0424 (233) [email protected] [email protected]


7.0 REFERENCES

AECOM Canada Ltd. 2018. Maplewood Marine Restoration Project. Habitat Design - 60% Design Report.

Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, Vancouver, BC.

BCMCA. 2018. Marine atlas of Pacific Canada: a product of the British Columbia Marine Conservation

Analysis (BCMCA). <http://www.cmnmaps.ca/BCMCA/index.html?agree=0>.

Bird Studies Canada. 2018. NatureCounts. <https://www.birdscanada.org/birdmon>.

BC CDC. 2018. BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer. BC Conservation Data Centre (CDC); BC Ministry

of Environment, Victoria, BC. <http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/eswp/>. Accessed 11 Oct 2017.

eBird. 2018. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance. eBird, Ithaca, New York.

<http://www.ebird.org>.

Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2016. About the Species at Risk Act. Canada.ca. Government

of Canada. <https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/environmental-

enforcement/acts-regulations/about-species-at-risk-act.html>. Accessed 12 Apr 2018.

Government of Canada. 2017. General Nesting Periods of migratory birds.

<https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/avoiding-harm-migratory-

birds/general-nesting-periods.html>.

MOE. 2013. Guidelines for Raptor Conservation During Urban and Rural Land Development in British

Columbia. Best Management Practices, B.C. Ministry of Environment.

<http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/bmp/raptor_conservation_guidelines_2013.pdf>.

Accessed 15 Aug 2013.

RIC. 1998. Inventory methods for colonial-nesting freshwater birds: eared grebe, red-necked grebe,

western grebe, American white pelican, and great blue heron. Standards for Components of

British Columbia’s Biodiversity No. 8, Version 2.0, Prepared by Ministry of Environment, Lands

and Parks Resources Inventory Branch for the Terrestrial Ecosystems Task Force Resources

Inventory Committee (RIC), Vancouver, BC.

<https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/risc/pubs/tebiodiv/colonial/assets/colonial.pdf>. Accessed 26 Jul

2016.

RIC. 1999. British Columbia Wildlife Habitat Rating Standards. Resources Inventory Committee (RIC).

<http://www.ilmb.gov.bc.ca/risc/pubs/teecolo/whrs/assets/whrs.pdf>.

RIC. 2001. Inventory methods for raptors. Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, Environmental

Inventory Branch for the Terrestrial Ecosystems Task Force, Resources Inventory Committee

(RIC), Victoria, BC.

<https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hts/risc/pubs/tebiodiv/raptors/version2/rapt_ml_v2.pdf>.

APPENDIX A

Historic Fall, Winter, and Spring Water Associated

Bird Observations from the Maplewood Flats

Conservation Area

Vancouver Fraser Port Authority APPENDIX A Hemmera MMRP Bird Studies - 1 - July 2018

Common Name Scientific Name COSEWIC BC List SARA Schedule Observed During BCCWS Survey?

Observed in Maplewood Basin or

Intertidal Flats? 2

Observed in MFCA? 3

Mean Survey Abundance in

MFCA 3 §

Mean Survey StdDev in MFCA 3 §

American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus - Blue - N N Y 0.0 0.1

American Black Duck1 Anas rubripes - Exotic - N N N 0.0 0.2

American Coot Fulica americana NAR (May 1991) Yellow - Y Y Y 0.0 0.1

American Dipper Cinclus mexicanus - Yellow - N Y Y 0.1 0.1

American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos NAR (May 1987) Red - N N Y 0.0 0.0

American Wigeon Anas americana - Yellow - Y Y Y 103.4 130.0

Baird's Sandpiper1 Calidris bairdii - Unknown - N N N 0.2 0.4

Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus NAR (May 1984) Yellow - Y Y Y 4.0 3.9

Bank Swallow1 Riparia riparia T (Apr 2013) Yellow 1-T (Nov 2017) N N N 0.0 0.0

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica T (May 2011) Blue 1-T (Nov 2017) N Y Y 5.8 6.7

Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica - Yellow - Y Y Y 21.3 26.9

Belted Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon - Yellow - Y Y Y 1.7 1.6

Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani - Yellow - Y Y Y 0.9 1.4

Black Scoter Melanitta americana - Blue - Y Y Y 0.9 2.3

Black Swift Cypseloides niger E (May 2015) Blue - N N Y 0.2 0.3

Black Turnstone Arenaria melanocephala - Yellow - Y Y Y 2.2 3.9

Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola - Yellow - N N Y 0.1 0.3

Blue-winged Teal Anas discors - Yellow - N Y Y 0.4 0.5

Bonaparte's Gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia - Yellow - N Y Y 4.7 14.7

Brandt's Cormorant Phalacrocorax penicillatus - Red - N N Y 0.0 0.0

Brant Branta bernicla - Blue - N N Y 0.0 0.1

Bufflehead Bucephala albeola - Yellow - Y Y Y 10.7 16.4

Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii - Yellow - N N Y 0.2 1.2

California Gull Larus californicus - Blue - Y Y Y 3.6 6.0

Canada Goose Branta canadensis - Yellow - Y Y Y 94.2 94.5

Canvasback Aythya valisineria - Yellow - N N Y 0.0 0.1

Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia NAR (May 1999) Blue - N Y Y 0.8 1.4

Cinnamon Teal Anas cyanoptera - Yellow - N Y Y 0.1 0.1

Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota - Yellow - N N Y 0.1 0.4

Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula - Yellow - Y Y Y 17.6 16.4

Common Loon Gavia immer NAR (May 1997) Yellow - Y Y Y 3.8 4.4

Common Merganser Mergus merganser - Yellow - Y Y Y 5.5 5.9

Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor T (Apr 2007) Yellow 1-T (Feb 2010) N N Y 0.0 0.1

Common Tern Sterna hirundo NAR (May 1998) Unknown - N N Y 0.3 1.0

Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus NAR (May 1978) Blue - Y Y Y 9.2 11.4

Dunlin Calidris alpina - Yellow - Y Y Y 32.4 46.6




Intertidal Flats? 2

Observed in MFCA? 3


MFCA 3 §


Eared Grebe Podiceps nigricollis - Blue - N N Y 0.0 0.1

Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope - No Status - Y Y Y 0.3 0.4

Franklin's Gull Leucophaeus pipixcan - Unknown - N N Y 0.1 0.3

Gadwall Anas strepera - Yellow - Y Y Y 2.5 3.8

Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus - No Status - N N Y 0.0 0.0

Glaucous-winged Gull Larus glaucescens - Yellow - Y Y Y 56.6 56.8

Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos NAR (May 1996) Yellow - N N Y 0.0 0.0

Great Blue Heron, fannini subspecies

Ardea herodias fannini SC (2008) No Status 1-SC (2010) Y Y Y 8.5 7.7

Greater Scaup Aythya marila - Yellow - Y Y Y 28.3 35.5

Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons - Yellow - N Y Y 0.1 0.3

Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca - Yellow - Y Y Y 5.4 4.9

Green Heron Butorides virescens - Blue - N N Y 0.1 0.2

Green-winged Teal Anas crecca - Yellow - Y Y Y 46.8 55.9

Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus - Yellow - N Y Y 3.1 6.9

Herring Gull Larus argentatus - Yellow - Y N Y 0.1 0.3

Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus - Yellow - Y Y Y 2.4 2.5

Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus SC (Apr 2009) Yellow 1-SC Y Y Y 4.1 6.6

Killdeer Charadrius vociferus - Yellow - Y Y Y 7.4 5.1

Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla - Yellow - N Y Y 4.5 5.7

Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis - Yellow - N Y Y 1.2 2.7

Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes - Yellow - N Y Y 0.3 0.4

Long-billed Curlew Numenius americanus SC (May 2011) Blue 1-SC (Jan 2005) N N Y 0.0 0.1

Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus - Yellow - N Y Y 0.5 1.6

Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis - Blue - N Y Y 0.1 0.3

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos - Yellow - Y Y Y 213.9 182.6

Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa - Unknown - N N Y 0.0 0.0

Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus T (May 2012) Blue 1-T (Jun 2003) N N Y 0.0 0.1

Mew Gull Larus canus - Yellow - Y Y Y 67.4 56.3

Mute Swan Cygnus olor - Exotic - N N Y 0.0 0.0

Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus NAR (May 1993) Yellow - Y N Y 0.1 0.2

Northern Pintail Anas acuta - Yellow - Y Y Y 10.6 15.0

Northern Rough-winged Swallow

Stelgidopteryx serripennis - Yellow - N Y Y 0.6 0.6

Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata - Yellow - N Y Y 2.1 3.5

Osprey Pandion haliaetus - Yellow - N Y Y 3.4 3.3




Intertidal Flats? 2

Observed in MFCA? 3


MFCA 3 §


Pacific Loon Gavia pacifica - Yellow - Y Y Y 0.0 0.1

Parasitic Jaeger1 Stercorarius parasiticus - Red - N N N 0.0 0.0

Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos - Unknown - N N Y 0.1 0.2

Pelagic Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus - Yellow - Y Y Y 7.6 8.0

Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps - Yellow - Y Y Y 0.5 0.8

Pigeon Guillemot Cepphus columba - Yellow - N N Y 0.1 0.2

Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius pomarinus - Unknown - N N Y 0.0 0.0

Purple Martin Progne subis - Blue - N Y Y 11.1 17.1

Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator - Yellow - Y Y Y 0.8 1.3

Redhead Aythya americana - Yellow - N N Y 0.0 0.2

Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena NAR (May 1982) Yellow - Y Y Y 0.6 0.8

Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus SC (Nov 2014) Blue - N N Y 0.0 0.1

Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata - Yellow - N Y Y 0.1 0.2

Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis - Yellow - Y Y Y 1.8 2.4

Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris - Yellow - N N Y 1.8 2.7

Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis - Yellow - N N Y 0.1 0.3

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres - Yellow - N N Y 0.0 0.1

Sanderling Calidris alba - Yellow - N N Y 0.4 2.1

Sandhill Crane Antigone canadensis NAR (May 1979) Yellow - N N Y 0.0 0.1

Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus - Yellow - N Y Y 0.2 0.5

Semipalmated Sandpiper1 Calidris pusilla - Unknown - N N N 0.2 0.8

Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus - Blue - N N Y 0.0 0.0

Snow Goose Chen caerulescens - Yellow - N Y Y 3.7 14.0

Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria - Yellow - N N Y 0.0 0.0

Sora Porzana carolina - Yellow - N N Y 0.1 0.1

Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius - Yellow - N Y Y 2.1 1.6

Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata - Blue - Y Y Y 27.5 45.1

Thayer's Gull Larus thayeri - - - N Y Y 0.1 0.2

Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor - Yellow - N Y Y 3.6 4.1

Trumpeter Swan Cygnus buccinator NAR (May 1996) Yellow - Y Y Y 1.5 2.5

Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus - Blue - N N Y 0.0 0.2

Vaux's Swift Chaetura vauxi - Yellow - N Y Y 2.9 3.6

Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta thalassina - Yellow - N Y Y 3.3 3.4

Virginia Rail Rallus limicola - Yellow - N N Y 0.5 0.7

Wandering Tattler1 Tringa incana - Blue - N N N 0.0 0.0

Western Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis SC (May 2014) Red 1-SC (Nov 2017) Y Y Y 1.3 2.0




Intertidal Flats? 2

Observed in MFCA? 3


MFCA 3 §


Western Gull Larus occidentalis - Unknown - N Y Y 0.0 0.1

Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri - Yellow - N Y Y 3.8 6.4

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus - Unknown - N N Y 0.0 0.1

White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca - Yellow - Y Y Y 4.8 7.7

Wilson's Phalarope1 Phalaropus tricolor - Yellow - N N N 0.0 0.0

Wilson's Snipe Gallinago delicata - Yellow - N Y Y 0.7 0.8

Wood Duck Aix sponsa - Yellow - N Y Y 2.1 2.5

Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii NAR (May 1997) Blue - N N Y 0.0 0.0

§ Mean of total observations per month, assuming one survey was conducted per month. 1 Observed during summer only. 2 Assumed to occur in the Project area as observation was made from a Station with a clear line of sight to the Maplewood Basin or Intertidal flats (i.e., Stations 7, 8, 11a, 11b, 12, 18,19, 23, and/or 24). 3 Observation made from the Maplewood Flats Conservation Area (including flying individuals and observations made from the forested upland area); data from monthly WBT surveys.

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Existing Ecological Conditions: Maplewood Marine Restoration … · CHANNN(EELW) MAPLEWO O D FLATS MAPLEWO O FLA TS CO NSER VAOTI AR EA T Noest Socures Proposed Habitat Enhancements