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EXPANDING THE SCALE OF EXISTING RE-GREENING SUCCESSES IN AFRICA’s DRYLANDS TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCREASE FOOD SECURITY. Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003. 2003. 1975. Farmer-managed natural regeneration in Niger. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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EXPANDING THE SCALE OF EXISTINGEXPANDING THE SCALE OF EXISTING RE-GREENING SUCCESSESRE-GREENING SUCCESSES IN AFRICA’s IN AFRICA’s
DRYLANDS TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE DRYLANDS TO ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCREASE FOOD SECURITYCHANGE AND INCREASE FOOD SECURITY
Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003
1975 2003
Farmer-managed natural Farmer-managed natural regeneration in Nigerregeneration in Niger
5,000,000 ha re-greened in 20 years (only 5,000,000 ha re-greened in 20 years (only labour for protection, investment in extension, labour for protection, investment in extension, no recurrent costs to governments)no recurrent costs to governments)
200 million new trees200 million new trees additional cereal production/year: 500,000 tonadditional cereal production/year: 500,000 ton 2.5 million people fed2.5 million people fed 1.25 million rural households involved1.25 million rural households involved
PROCESS CATALYZED BY EXTERNAL INTERVENTION AND SPREADING THROUGH A MIX OF SPONTANEOUS ADOPTION ANDFARMER-TO-FARMER EXTENSION
RE-GREENING = INCREASING THE NUMBER OFON-FARM TREES PRODUCES MULTIPLE IMPACTS
☺ SOIL ORGANIC MATTER/SOIL FERTILITY☺ FODDER FOR LIVESTOCK☺ FOOD SECURITY☺ HOUSEHOLD ENERGY☺ COMPLEX FARMING SYSTEMS☺ VALUE CHAINS☺ NUTRITION☺ ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE☺ CARBON SEQUESTRATION☺ BIODIVERSITY
YOUNG COMBRETUM GLUTINOSUM PRODUCES TONS OF LITTERAND NO TRANSPORT
FAIDHERBIA ALBIDA IMPROVES SOIL FERTILITY AND PRODUCES FODDER
YOUNG DIVERSE ON-FARM FOREST ONMALI’S SENO PLAINS
NIGER: LIVESTOCK DEPENDS 6 MONTHS/YEAR ON TREE FODDER AND THEY CAN BE AN AGENT OF RE-GREENING
TURN DOWN THE HEAT
Grain surplus Kantché Department Grain surplus Kantché Department (Zinder/Niger). 350,000 inhabitants; high (Zinder/Niger). 350,000 inhabitants; high on-farm tree densityon-farm tree density
20072007+ 21,230 ton+ 21,230 ton 20082008+ 36,838 ton+ 36,838 ton 20092009+ 28,122 ton+ 28,122 ton 20102010+ 64,208 ton+ 64,208 ton 20112011+ 13,818 ton+ 13,818 ton
Source: National Committee for the Prevention and Management of Food Crises and FEWSQuoted by: Yamba and sambo (2012)
IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE RE-GREENING SUCCESSESAND USE THEM AS TRAINING GROUND FOR EXPANSION
A. WORKING AT THE GRASSROOTS
1.ORGANIZE FARMER-TO-FARMER VISITS2.FARMER EXPERTS TRAIN OTHER FARMERS 3.SUPPORT OR DEVELOP VILLAGE INSTITUTIONS4.AGF COMPETITIONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS5.DEVELOP A MOVEMENT OF CSOs and NGOs AND BUILD THEIR CAPACITY TO PROMOTE REGREENING
TOOLS FOR SCALING UP EXISTING SUCCESSES
B. BOTTOM-UP MEETS TOP DOWN
6. ADAPT NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND FORESTRY LEGISLATION
7. MAINSTREAM RE-GREENING INTO EXISTING AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS
8. ORGANIZE FIELD VISITS FOR NATIONAL POLICYMAKERS
9. CREATE A PRESIDENTIAL AWARD FOR THE BEST AGROFORESTRY VILLAGE
C. DEVELOP A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
10. USE THE MASSMEDIA TO INFORM FARMERS AND HERDERS WITH INNOVATORS SHARING THEIR KNOWLEDGE
11. LINK ICT, RADIO AND MOBILE PHONES (A WEB OF SPEECH)
12. PRODUCE DOCUMENTARIES FOR NATIONAL TV
13. ORGANIZE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL EXPERIENCE SHARING WORKSHOPS
14. MOBILIZE AFRICAN CHAMPIONS TO PROMOTE RE-GREENING BY FARMERS
15. MOBILIZE INTERNATIONAL MEDIA
16. DEVELOP ADVOCACY AT ALL LEVELS
D. THE ROLE OF THE MARKET IN SCALING UP
17. SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGROFORESTRY VALUE CHAINS
18. INDUCE/SUPPORT THE PRIVATE SECTOR TO DEVELOP INPUT AND OUTPUT MARKETS
IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE RE-GREENING SUCCESSES.
Large-scale farmer-managed re-greeningon Mali’s Seno Plains
1990
AGROFORESTRY AS CO-BENEFIT OF WATER HARVESTING
2004
Demi lunes
Combretum glutinosum
Zaï
Techniques simples
Piliostigma reticulatum
Impacts importants
A. WORKING AT THE GRASSROOTS
1. Farmer to farmer study visits1. Farmer to farmer study visits
Local, between regions and between countries
FARMERS IN KAFFRINE (SENEGAL), WHO VISITED MARADI (NIGER)
2.FARMER EXPERTS TRAIN OTHER FARMERS
3. Support the development of village institutions for the management of tree capital
4. Develop agroforestry competitions at different levels
5. DEVELOP A MOVEMENT OF CSOs AND NGOs AND BUILD THEIR CAPACITY
B. TOP-DOWN MEETS BOTTOM-UP
6. ADAPT NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND FORESTRY LEGISLATION IN SUCH A WAY THAT THEY INDUCE FARMERS TO INVEST IN TREES
CHALLENGES:
AGROFORESTRY IS OFTEN IGNORED BY RELEVANT MINISTRIES
FORESTRY LEGISLATION DOES NOT RECOGNIZE FARMER’S RIGHTS TO ON-FARM TREES
NATURAL REGENERATION IS LOW COST
7.MAINSTREAM RE-GREENING INTO EXISTING AND NEW AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
8. FIELD VISITS BY POLICYMAKERS
9. CREATE A PRESIDENTIAL AWARD FOR THE BEST AGROFORESTRY VILLAGE
C. DEVELOP A COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
10. USE MASSMEDIA TO INFORM FARMERS AND HERDERS
NIGER TV NEWS SHOWS VISIT DELEGATION FROM NIGERIA TO RE-GREENING IN SOUTHERN NIGER
11. LINK ICT, RADIO AND MOBILE 11. LINK ICT, RADIO AND MOBILE PHONES (WEB OF SPEECH) PHONES (WEB OF SPEECH)
12. PRODUCE DOCUMENTARIES FOR TV
13. ORGANIZE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL EXPERIENCE-SHARING WORKSHOPS
14. MOBILIZE AFRICAN CHAMPIONS
15. MOBILIZE INTERNATIONAL MEDIA(NEW YORKER MAGAZINE)
16. DEVELOP ADVOCACY ATALL LEVELS
PRESENTATION AT THE PRESIDENCYETHIOPIA
17. SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGROFORESTRY VALUE CHAINS (e.g. MORINGA OLEIFERA IN NIGER)
18. SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF INPUT – OUTPUT MARKETS
CONSTRAINTS TO SCALING RE-GREENING BY FARMERS
NO INCENTIVES IN CURRENT FORESTRY LAWS
THE CURRENT AGRICULTURAL MODERNISATION PARADIGM DISCOURAGES INVESTMENT IN ON-FARM TREES
LAND TENURE, PRIVATISATION, INCREASING INEQUALITY, LAND GRAB
CONFLICTS IN VILLAGES
HERDERS NEED TO BE INVOLVED IN VILLAGE INSTITUTIONS AND TRAINED IN TREE MANAGEMENT
“TREES ARE OUR BACKBONE” (FARMERS IN TIGRAY)
AGROFORESTRY IS THE PILLAR OF AGRICULTURE IN DRYLANDS
BUT AGROFORESTRY ALONE IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY
Water harvesting
Agroforestry Micro-dosing
+ +
CROP YIELDS CAN BE DOUBLED BY INTEGRATING A SET OF PROVEN TECHNOLOGIES
OUR MAJOR CHALLENGE:PROMOTE RE-GREENING TO IMPROVE THE LIVELIHOODS OF MILLIONS OF RESOURCE USERS
COMMENTS AND SUGGESTIONS AREMOST WELCOME
[email protected]@vu.nl