EXPEDITION 9Cause and Effect

Relationships

LESSON 1Imagine Earth as a marble.

If this marble Earth was sitting on a giant’s table, what would the giant see?

Would the giant see any sign of life—any people, animals, or plants?

Microscopic

VOCABULARY nausea: a feeling of sickness in the

stomach sensible: reasonable acceptable: thought to be good enough culprit: someone or something that is

guilty of doing something wrong linger: to stay longer than usual survive: to stay alive

disinfect: grime: dirt

CAUSE AND EFFECT Is this text expository or narrative? How

can you tell? What are different ways expository texts

can be organized?

A cause and effect text explains the reasons, or causes, that make other things happen.

CAUSE & EFFECT CHART

Study for a test

Burnt the cookies

Late for school

WHAT ARE SOME OTHER WORDS THAT SIGNAL A CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP? due to since therefore so as a result consequently

While we are reading “The Germiest Room in Your House,” let’s pay attention to these words.

CREDIBILITY REVIEW Who is the speaker in the article? What is his profession? Is he credible? Why or why not?

As you read the article with your partner, look for the signal words that reveal the cause and effect relationships.

LESSON 2 How can you use what you have learned

in this article in your own home?

Based on what you now know about germs, how might you view the bathroom, your gym bag, or the dirty laundry differently?

LESSON 2Yesterday, we began reading the

expository text.

Today, you will find cause and effect relationships in the article

using p. 109.

Remember, look for signal words!

CAUSE AND EFFECT

P.110WRITE IT OUT!

LESSON 3What microscopic things did we read about in the previous article?

What caused the illness described in the article?

In today’s article, we will read about how a sneeze can cause illness in someone standing nearby.

VOCABULARYhumorous: funnyabrupt: suddeninhale: to breathe innasal: related to the noseabdomen: the front, middle part of the bodyinfectious: caused by germsreflex: a quick action or reactionimpulse: a wave of energy that travels along a nerve and causes action or stops it

CAUSE AND EFFECT REVIEW In Lessons 1 and 2, we learned that

writers use cause and effect relationships in expository writing. What is a cause?

A cause is something that makes something else happen.

What is an effect? An effect is the result of a cause. What might cause a flat tire? What might be an effect of not wearing

sunscreen?

CAUSE AND EFFECT REVIEW We also learned that writers use certain words

and phrases to signal cause-and-effect relationships. What are some words that show cause?

becausesincetherefore so What are some words that show an effect?due toas a resultconsequently

I CANNOT STUDY _______ THE MUSIC IS TOO LOUD.

The team

lost the game.

COMPREHENSION REVIEW QUESTIONS1. Can a person decide to sneeze? Why?2. What can cause a sneeze?3. After a person feels a tickle in the nose,

what sequence of events takes place in the body to create a sneeze?

4. Why does a body sneeze?5. Why do some people say “God bless you”

after a sneeze?6. How is a sneeze like a hiccup? How are

they different?7. How is a sneeze like a three-day-old

kitchen towel?

LESSON 4 How might a sneeze actually help keep

you alive and well?

Vocabulary Review:Remember the CPR strategy? Using p.111 in your Student Book, let’s take

ONE word to dissect.

Cause and Effect ReviewI created a fire. I struck a match.causeeffect

CAUSE AND EFFECT Yesterday, we saw that there can be more

than one cause for just one effect.

Turn to p. 112 in your Student Book.

With a partner, find the remaining four causes of a sneeze.

What is ONE CAUSEof a sneeze?

REVIEWWhat is a cause?What is an effect?

Tear out p. 113List 3 causes and

3 effects.

LESSON 5-6You will read that mad cow disease is NOT a virus. A virus is a microscopic particle of living matter that invades cells, forcing them to produce thousands of new viruses.

Mad cow disease is related to proteins.Proteins are complex compounds in the body. Each different kind of protein does a different job: transporting red blood cells or helping repair damaged body tissues.

VOCABULARYbaffle: to cause to be confusedconfront: to come face to faceabnormal: not usualsymptom: a change in the body that may be a sign of illnessphase: a stage or partmicroscope: a device that makes very small objects appear largerprotein: a natural substance found in food such as meat and milkantibiotic: a medicine that kills bacteria or slows their growth

LESSON 5-61. How did cows infected with “mad cow

disease” behave?2. What was causing the disease?3. Scientists discovered that the disease

was caused by what?4. How do prions harm the brain?5. Why is mad cow disease difficult to

fight?6. Where have most cases of mad cow

disease occurred?

CHALLENGE QUESTION & ASSIGNMENT

Imagine that you are making a short cartoon for children to teach them about mad cow disease. You want to show them the causes and effects of mad cow disease.

Create a 3-boxed cartoon that SHOWS the cause and effects of mad cow disease.

You have the remainder of class to work on this assignment.

LESSON 7 What is mad cow disease? How can human beings get mad cow

disease? What are some symptoms of this

disease? How would you describe a person’s

chances of getting mad cow disease in the United States?

VOCABULARY REVIEWI have a challenge for you!

Are you able to use ALL the vocabulary words in 1-2 sentences?

Turn to page 114 in your Student Book.

There is a movie coming out about mad cow disease. Write a 1-2 sentence

advertisement for this movie using all the words!

CAUSE AND EFFECT Turn to page 115 in your Student Book.We are going to identify four different effects of mad cow disease using our

text.

We have to first find the INITIAL cause of the disease.

__________________ caused MAD COW DISEASE.

As a result of mad cow disease, these four things happened:

LESSON 8In this expedition, we have been reading about some microscopic things. What are some of these things?

In today’s article, we’ll learn that microscopic living things are everywhere—even on you, right now. We’ll also learn how they can harm us and help us.

VOCABULARYStructure: the way something is put togetherAcute: extremely seriousParalysis: loss of the ability to moveVital: necessary for lifeImpair: to weakenImmune: protected against diseaseEpidemic: a disease that spreads very quickly to a large number of peopleNutrient: a substance in food that gives what is needed for life and growth

REVIEW

P. 117 STUDENT BOOKWith a partner, you are going to

find the harmful and helpful effects of bacteria.

First, you need to read the text on page151-154.

As you read, stop and discuss the helpful and harmful effects of

bacteria.

FINAL

Using “Immunization: Protection Against Disease”, complete Expedition 9 Assessment on

p.118-122 in your Student Book.

Read all directions carefully before answering questions.

Good LUCK!