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EVT 525 WATER RESOURCE AND

TECHNOLOGY 

AS2293A

EXPERIMENT 2 TOTAL SOLIDS (TS)

NAME:

MUHAMAD FADZRIL B AFINDI (2014860708)

GROUP MEMBERS:

ANWAR IZZATY ZAMANI B MUSTAFA (2014282498)

FAIZAL B ALIAS (2014225942)

MOHD FAHMI B MOHD YUSOF (2014415098)

MUHAMMAD AZRIN B HASSAN (2014654378)

NAME OF LECTURER:

DR NI AZLIN BT NI ARIFFIN

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 

01!10!15

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 

08!10!15

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INTRODUCTION

Total solids is a measure of the suspended and dissolved solids in water.

Suspended solids are those that can be retained on a water filter and are capable of

settling out of the water column onto the stream bottom when stream velocities are

low. They include silt, clay, plankton, organic wastes, and inorganic precipitates such

as those from acid mine drainage. Dissolved solids are those that pass through a

water filter. They include some organic materials, as well as salts, inorganic nutrients,

and toxins.

The concentration of dissolved solids in stream water is important because it

determines the flow of water in and out of the cells of aquatic organisms. Also, some

dissolved inorganic elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur are nutrients

essential for life. ow concentrations of total solids can result in limited growth of

aquatic organisms due to nutrient deficiencies. !levated levels of total solids,however, can lead to eutrophication of the stream or increased turbidity. "oth

eutrophication and increased turbidity result in a decrease in stream water quality.

!levated concentrations of total solids may indicate the presence of

agricultural activities, dredging, or mining upstream from your sample site.

OBJECTIVETo determine the total solids in the given water sample.

PROCEDURES

1. The water sample was shaken thoroughly to homogenise it.

2. # ml of sample was pipetted into the weighed porcelain crucibles or evaporating

dish, which has been cleaned and dried to a constant weight in an oven previously.

3. The water was evaporated off on a steam bath until dry and then it was dried in an

oven at $%#   ℃  for one hour.

4. The porcelain crucibles or evaporating dish was cooled in a dessicator before it

was weighing. The drying was repeated until constant weight is obtained.

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DATARESULTS

Results and calculation:

Temperature: 29.44°C

DO%: 2.9

 pH: 8.62

Sample Volume

(ml)

Initial ei!"t

(!)

(empt#

$ru$ile)

&ei!"t o'

$ru$ile

ater(!)

&ei!"t o' &ater

(!)

&ei!"t o' $ru$ile

remainin!

oli*(!)

+ , -.924- -,.9--9 ,.96 -.9249

2 , --.6/ -/.992 4.98,- --./4

- , -4.6892 -9./+4, ,.2,- -4./,9

Calculations:

Total Soli* (TS)¿ A −B

C ×10

6

+)30.9249−30.9243

5.0096×10

6

 0 ++9.8 ppm

2)33.0074−33.0067

4.9853×10

6

 0 +4.4 ppm

-)34.7059−34.6892

5.0253×10

6

 0 --2-.2ppm

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DISCUSSION

"#$%&' # *&+$' ,*-'. / 5 &L T' *&+$' * ,*-'. #& ,' ''*,/#.

$*-' *, ,' ',/#. 6 S* A$*& B*' #. ,' '+'/&'.,,' '/, # *,'

*&+$' '#' * 5 T' #$/ %' * * *&+$' ,*, ''. /'

# 1 #% T' '/, # ,#,*$ #$/ '#' * 1198 ++& # *&+$' 1 *. ,'

'/, # ,#,*$ #$/ # *&+$' 2 / 1404 ++& F# ,' *&+$' 3 * 33232 ++&

F# ,' *&+$' 1 *. 2 ,' '/, # *,' *&+$' * /''., #& ,' *.#,'

*&+$' '*%' ,' ,' *,' *&+$' #' .#, #&#'.#% ,##%$; %/. ,'

,' *,' ,*.' F/.*$$; *' #. ,' ,;+' # #$/ /. ,' /<'. *&+$' ' *.

&*-' *$%$*,/#. ,*, .'' ,# ' #.' # ,' *&+$'

CONCLUSIONS

&rom the conclusion, we can conclude that the water sample from water

sample ' are not acceptable because it has bigger values from the another sample

which is sample $ and (. The value obtained for sample ' was ' is '(''.( ppm. So

that the value for sample $ and ( can be acceptable.

PRECAUTION

samples may need to be dried for a longer period of time, cooled under proper 

desiccation and weighed rapidly in order to achieve a reasonable constant weight.

)e should be aware prolonged drying may result in loss of constituents, particularly

nitrates and chlorides.

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Questions:

+. 1ame t"e ariou TS t"at $an e 'oun* in ateater.

Dissolved solids

Suspended solids

*o soluble solids

2. &"at are t"e enironmental impa$t o' TS3

"i!" $on$entration o' total oli* ill ma5e *rin5in! ater unpalatale an*

mi!"t "ae an a*ere e''e$t on people "o are not ue* to *rin5in! u$" ater.

eel o' total oli* t"at are too "i!" or too lo $an alo re*u$e t"e e''i$ien$# o' 

ateater treatment plant7 a ell a t"e operation o' in*utrial pro$ee t"at uera ater. Total oli* alo a''e$t ater $larit#. Hi!"er oli* *e$reae t"e paa!e o' 

li!"t t"rou!" ater7 t"ere# loin! p"oto#nt"ei # auati$ plant. &ater ill "eat

up more rapi*l# an* "ol* more "eat t"i7 in turn7 mi!"t a*erel# a''e$t auati$ li'e

t"at "a a*apte* to a loer temperature re!ime.

-. ;plain e''e$t o' total oli* on ateater treatment plant.

M*.; %*$ *'* # .#, *<' *,'*,' #$$',/#. ;,'&

(''*' ;,'&) ,# #.<'; #&',/ *,'*,' ,# ,'

,'*,&'., +$*., T'' '$$/. *<' '+,/ ,*.- *. $'*/.

='$ ,# ,#' #$/ *. ,'*, ,' *,'*,' /. *. #./,'

%%*' #/$ ,'*,&'., ;,'&

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4. it 'our poile our$e o' error in t"i *etermination.

i. Sample ma# not *r# 'or a lon!er perio* o' time7 $oole* un*er proper 

*ei$$ation.ii. 1on repreentatie parti$ulate u$" a leae7 ti$57 'i" an* lump o' 'e$al

matter "oul* not e in$lu*e* 'rom t"e ample.

iii. Volume o' ample "a not een a*<ute* properl# to "ae rei*ue le't.

i. T"e ample ere not ei!"e* properl# in or*er to a$"iee a reaonale

$ontant ei!"t.

REFERENCES

$. http+www.eolss.neteolsssamplechaptersc%-e-$'%/%#e-$'%/%#txt%/.aspx

(. http+water.epa.govtyperslmonitoringvms#0.cfm

'. http+www.cotf.eduetemoduleswaterq')1assess/g.html