Experiment 9. Identification of Unknowns

 

         

 

 

sol 

 

ether

insol

sol

AA

insol5% NaOH

insol

sol

 

5% NaHCO3 sol

insol

5% HCl

96% H2SO4

sol 

insol

sol

insol

water

Litmus red

Litmus blue

Litmus unchanged

 

I

 

N

B 

WA

SA

 

CA AM N

SOLUBILITY CLASSES

 

 

AA amino acids

CA carboxylic acids (5 carbons or less)

AM amines (5 carbons or less)

N alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, amides (5 carbons or less)

SA carboxylic acids, phenols with strong electron withdrawing groups (5 carbons or less)

WA weak acids, phenols, enols, oximes, imides, 1,3-diones, nitro compounds

B aliphatic amines, anilines

N alcohols, aldehydes esters, ketones, ethers, alkynes, akenes

I saturated hydrocarbons, haloalkanes, aryl halides

Unknowns

1. Carboxylic acids can be characterized by a neutralization equivalent;

2. Amines can be characterized by a neutralization equivalent;

3. Ketones can be characterized by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone derivative, oxime or related compound;

4. Alcohols can be derivatized by phenyl isocyanide derivative,

oxidation to a solid carboxylic acid or ketone;

5. Esters can be characterized by hydrolysis if the acid or alcohol is a solid;

6. Other compounds can be characterized on the basis of derivatives based on their likely structure.

Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri-St. Louis

Solid UnknownChemistry 263

Preliminary Report FormName: ________________

Date: _ _______Unknown Number ______

Physical Propertiesa) appearance:

b) melting point:c) boiling point:

e) other properties you may have measured:Solubility Tests (use +/- to indicate positive, negative tests)

H2O: _____; 5%NaOH, _____; 5%NaHCO3, _____; 5%HCl, _____ ; H2SO4,_____.

pH(aqueous solution): _____ .

Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri-St. Louis

Solid Unknown Chemistry 263 Preliminary Report Form Name: _____________

Date:Unknown Number ______

Physical Propertiesa) appearance:b) melting point:c) boiling point:e) other properties you may have measured:

Solubility Tests (use +/- to indicate positive, negative tests)

H2O: _____; 5%NaOH, _____; 5%NaHCO3, _____; 5%HCl, _____ ; H2SO4,_____.

pH(aqueous solution): _____ .