Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

1877-7058 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICPVT-14doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.220

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aBeijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China bShandong Meiling Chemical Equipment Company Ltd, Shandong, 255430, China

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© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICPVT-14

264 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274

et al.et al.

et al.

et al.

2.1. Specimens preparation

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d1 d2 t l L

S W D

d1 d2 tl L S

d DP

2.2. Measurements of tube expanding percentage k

Heat Exchangers

d d bkt

Steam Boiler Safety Technology Supervisory Regulations

d tkD

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2.3. Pull-out force and push-out force experiments

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3.1. Relationship between tube expanding percentage and expansion pressures

Pk

Pk

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Pk

Pk

Pk

Pk

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3.2. Relationship between pull-out forces and expansion pressures

q P P

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q P P

q P P

3.3. Relationship between push-out forces and expansion pressures

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3.4. Relationship between pull-out forces and tube expanding percentages

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274 H. Ma et al. / Procedia Engineering 130 ( 2015 ) 263 – 274